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3 GUJ AIR SQN NCC.

RAJKOT GRUUP, GUJARAT DTE.

National River

The (/ˈɡændʒiːz/ GAN-jeez) or Ganga (/ˈɡʌŋɡə/ GUNG- gə, Hindustani: [ˈɡəŋɡaː]) is a trans-boundary river of Asia which flows through and Bangladesh. The 2,525 km (1,569 mi) river rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows south and east through the Gangetic plain of North India into Bangladesh, where it empties into the Bay of . It is the third largest river on Earth by discharge.

Ganges

The Ganges in

Map of the combined drainage basins of the Ganges (yellow), Brahmaputra (violet) and Meghna (green)

Location

Countr India, Bangladesh (as Padma) y

Cities Uttarakhand: ,

Uttar Pradesh:Fatehgarh, Bijnor, Kannauj, Bithoor, Kasganj, Kanpur, , Mirzap ur, Varanasi, Ghazipur, Farrukhabad, Narora : Bhagalpur, Patna, Hajipur, Katihar, Munger : , Plassey, Nabadwip, , , , Diamon d Harbour, , , , , Delhi: (Yamuna) tributary Rajshahi Division: Rajshahi, Pabna, Ishwardi Dhaka Division: Dhaka, Narayanganj, Gazipur, Munshiganj, Faridpur Chittagong Division: Chandpur, Noakhali Barisal Division: Bhola

Physical characteristics

Source Confluence at Devprayag, Uttarakhand of the Alaknanda river (the source stream in hydrology because of its greater length) and the (the source stream in Hindu mythology). The headwaters of the river include: Mandakini, Nandakini, Pindar and the Dhauliganga, all tributaries of the Alaknanda.[1]

• locati Devprayag, the beginning of the main stem of the Ganges on

Mouth Bay of Bengal

• locati Ganges Delta on

Length 2,525 km (1,569 mi)[2]

Basin 1,320,000 km2 (510,000 sq mi)[3] size

Discha rge

• locati Farakka Barrage[4] on

• avera 16,648 m3/s (587,900 cu ft/s) ge

• mini 180 m3/s (6,400 cu ft/s) mum • maxi 70,000 m3/s (2,500,000 cu ft/s) mum

Discha rge

• locati Bay of Bengal[4] on

• avera 38,129 m3/s (1,346,500 cu ft/s) ge

Basin features

Tribut aries

• left Ramganga, Garra, Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandak, Burhi Gandak, Koshi, Mahananda

• right Yamuna, Tamsa (also called Tons), Karamnasa, Sone, Punpun, Falgu, Kiul, Chandan, Ajoy, Damodar, Rupnarayan

The main stem of the Ganges begins at the town of Devprayag,[1] at confluence of the Alaknanda, which is the source stream in hydrology because of its greater length, and the Bhagirathi, which is considered the source stream in Hindu mythology.[1] The Ganges is a lifeline to millions of people who live in its basin and depend on it for their daily needs.[6] It has been important historically, with many former provincial or imperial capitals such as Pataliputra,[7] Kannauj,[7] Kara, Munger, Kashi, Patna, Hajipur, Delhi, Bhagalpur, Mur shidabad, Baharampur, Kampilya, and Kolkata located on its banks or the banks of tributaries and connected waterways. The river is home to approximately 140 species of fish, 90 species of amphibians, and also reptiles and mammals, including critically endangered species such as the gharial and South Asian river dolphin.[8] The Ganges is the most sacred river to Hindus.[9] It is worshipped as the goddess Ganga in .[10] The Ganges is threatened by severe pollution. This poses a danger not only to humans but also to animals. The levels of fecal coliform bacteria from human waste in the river near Varanasi are more than a hundred times the Indian government's official limit.[8] The Ganga Action Plan, an environmental initiative to clean up the river, has been considered a failure[a][b][11] which is variously attributed to corruption, a lack of will in the government, poor technical expertise,[c] environmental planning[d] and a lack of support from religious authorities.[e]

Name: CDT Meera Kotadiya Reg no: GUJ/SW/20/316557