Investigation of the Changes in Life Quality of Taekwondo Coaches
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International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology 2322-3537 www.ijaep.com Vol.9 No.1 Investigation of the Changes in Life Quality of Taekwondo Coaches Şükran Arikan1, Serkan Revan2, Metin Şahin2*and Mehmet Altin2 1.Selcuk University, Faculty of Sports Science, Coaching Training Department Konya.Turkey. 2. Selcuk University, Faculty of Sports Science, Recreation Department Konya.Turkey. * Correspondence: Metin Şahin, Selcuk University Faculty of Sport Sciences Department of Recreation Konya.Turkey. ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Original Research Paper The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the quality of Doi: 10.26655/IJAEP.2020.1.7 life of Taekwondo coaches. The study population includes Received July. 2019 taekwondo coaches who serve in Turkey, and the sample group Accepted January. 2020 consisted of a total of 545, including 136 women 409 men Keywords: taekwondo coaches. While the socio-demographic information form Coach created by the researcher was used to obtain personal data, “World Sports Life quality Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Brief Form” Taekwondo (WHOQOL_BREF), which consisted of 27 questions and was adapted to Turkish by Eser et al. [1] was used to determine satisfaction from life and its dimensions. The homogeneities and variances of the data were tested, in paired comparisons, t-test was used for independent samples groups, while one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) was used for multiple comparisons, Tukey HSD test was used to determine the source of difference. While there was no statistical change by gender, education and coaching level, changes related to income and marital status were found to be statistically significant (p <0.05). Based on the findings of this study, it can be established that the quality of life of taekwondo coaches does not change depending on gender, level of education and level of coaching, quality of life of coaches with higher income level is higher, and married coaches have more positive quality of life than coaches with other marital status. 1. Introduction Life quality is defined as a concept that expresses general welfare and access levels of individuals and societies in general. Stucki and Kroleing [2] state that a complete physical, mental and social well-being statuses form the circle of quality of life. That individuals with quality of life will form communities with quality of life [3] and it is an important indicator to demonstrate how the individual is affected by socio-cultural, economic and psychological developments [4]. It was stated that the quality of life involve suffering no disease as well as physical, social and psychological activeness of individuals, feeling good of themselves and satisfaction from life itself [5] and it was highlighted that individuals positions in life in respect of aims, expectations, standards and concerns must be perceived by individual her/himself [6]. Aydıner Boylu [7] states that quality of life has objective and subjective aspects and that these two concepts are in a decisive position. It is reported that objective indicators are income level, education level, occupation, health, housing status and subjective status is the degree of satisfaction of the individual from these opportunities [8]. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology www.ijaep.com VOL.9 (1) The aim of the quality of life is to reveal the individual's perspective on his/her own life. In this way, it can be revealed that whether the economic situation, communication with the environment, expectations, desires and needs of the individual match’s life itself, and situations that causes satisfaction or dissatisfaction and levels of satisfaction or dissatisfaction [9]. Of all the factors affecting our lives, perhaps the most neglected phenomenon is sport. In our general health cycle, regular exercise is the only thing that ensures physical and mental well-being in all the negative situations. It is possible to come across many studies suggesting that regular exercise and sporting activities have positive physical and mental effects on human health [10-26). Omorou et al. [27] reported that physical activity is beneficial to health at all ages and not only positively affects public health, but also increases the quality of life of individuals. Regular sporting activities have positive impact on healthy development and growing up and getting rid of bad habits and socialization of children and youngster [28], as well as regular physical activities have positive impact on the quality of life by strengthening the psychological well- being and physical functioning [26]. Coaches have a great importance in the process of physical activity and doing sporting activities under the guidance and responsibility in planned, programmed manner under supervision of experts. Coaches are one of the most important figures in the professional life of an amateur or professional athlete [29]. In order for the athletes to be successful and to perform at an advanced level, they should have good relations with their coaches [30]. Reinboth et al. [31] reported that coaches play a very active role in training and matches and that they spend a lot of time for interacting, motivating and training athletes and providing them feedback. While the athlete tries to take advantage of the coach's experience and knowledge; the coach also strives to use his own experience, knowledge and skills to improve the athlete's performance [32]. Taekwondo is a Korean word; “Tae means hitting with kick or foot, “Kwon”means punch or hit,“ Do ”means way, art, discipline. Taekwondo's dictionary meaning is way of kicking and punching [33]. The most important feature of Taekwondo, which has been in existence for more than 20 centuries, is that it is a competitive sport that incorporates defense techniques against the opponent [34]. Pak [35] reports that the taekwondo shapes the character of individuals and with athlete's self-confidence a sense of patience and humbleness is gained. Moreover, it is reported that the Taekwondo, like many Far Eastern sports, incorporates the principle of “do, in its structure, and thanks to this principle it is expressed that the athlete is humble, good-natured and well-behaved, and it helps the athlete to become a good person and provides respectability in society. Ramazanoğlu [36] reported that the taekwondo increases children's capacity to comprehend complex reactions in games and thus developed skills, taught them to be compassionate, ingrains in responsibility awareness, and taught the athlete self-defense and also provided spiritual relaxation. In individual sports, as well as coaches being idols and models for the athlete, it is of great importance in terms of being the first source to reach correct information. Turkey is one the leading countries in taekwondo sport and there are 3500 coaches nationwide in stages between levels of 1 to 5. The number of active coaches is reported to be 1296. In addition, a total of 1296 coaches are active being 204 coaches in the first level, 635 coaches in the second level, 365 coaches in the third level, 51 coaches in the fourth level and 40 coaches in the fifth level [37]. The effectiveness of a coach's professional knowledge can only be achieved by the communication he establishes with the athlete [38]. The relationship between athletes and coaches is very important in terms of both psycho-social and physical development of athletes [39]. In order to train successful and moral athletes, qualified coaches are always needed in every branch of the sport and in every field [40]. It would be a more accurate and scientific approach to ensure the number of trainers by quality rather than quantity. In Turkey Taekwondo Federation’s official website; it is reported that the taekwondo has the top third rank with approximately 400K athletes after football and chess branches and takes place in top 5 medal winning branches [37]. Success in Taekwondo is based on systematic foundations that 140 International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology www.ijaep.com VOL.9 (1) cannot be coincidental and one of the most important factors that make up this structure is the taekwondo coaches. Improving the working conditions and quality of life of coaches will lay the foundation for a continuous and systematic success. It was observed that studies on the quality of life of Taekwondo coaches was limited. It is believed that this study where the changes in the quality of life of the Taekwondo coaches are examined will to shed light on the studies to be carried out in different scopes and dimensions. 2. Materials and Methods: 2.1. Population of the study and sample group The study population includes 3500 taekwondo coaches who serve in Turkey, and the sample group consisted of a total of 545, being 136 women 409 men taekwondo coaches. Considering that only 1296 coaches out of 3500 Taekwondo coaches are active coaches who have licenses for their work documents, it can be seen that the sample group has a large ratio of 42.05 %. 2.2. Data Collection Tools While the socio-demographic information form created by the researcher was used to obtain personal data, “World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Brief Form” (WHOQOL_BREF), which consisted of 27 questions and was adapted to Turkish by Eser et al. [1] was used to determine satisfaction from life and its dimensions. 2.2.1. Life Satisfaction Scale Questionnaire (WHOQOL_BREF) Life satisfaction scale questionnaire was developed by World Health Organization and adapted to Turkish Society by Eser et al. (1999). The scale is applicable to all segments of the adult population [41]. The scale used for the questions other than the first two general questions; measures physical, spiritual, social and environmental well-being and consists of 26 questions. When Turkish version (27th questions is a national question) is used in the environmental field, then it is called environmental score-TR.