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Outlooks on Children and Media: Child Rights, Media Trends, Media Research, Media Literacy, Child Participation, Declarations

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Outlooks on Children and Media: Child Rights, Media Trends, Media Research, Media Literacy, Child Participation, Declarations DOCUMENT RESUME ED 450 947 PS 029 295 AUTHOR von Feilitzen, Cecilia, Comp.; Bucht, Catharina, Comp. TITLE Outlooks on Children and Media: Child Rights, Media Trends, Media Research, Media Literacy, Child Participation, Declarations. Compiled for the World Summit on Media for Children (3rd, Thessaloniki, Greece, March 23-26, 2001). INSTITUTION United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Goteborg (Sweden). International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen.; Nordic Documentation Center for Mass Communication Research, Aarhus (Denmark). SPONS AGENCY Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen (Denmark). ISBN ISBN-91-89471-07-5 PUB DATE 2001-02-00 NOTE 128p.; Commissioned by European Children's Television Centre (E.C.T.C.) and the Hellenic Audiovisual Institute (I.O.M). AVAILABLE FROM Nordicom, Goteborg University, Box 713, SE 405 30, Goteborg, Sweden; Tel: 46-31-773-10-00; Fax: 46-31-773-46- 55; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: http://www.nordicom.gu.se. PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Advertising; Childhood Attitudes; *Children; Childrens Rights; Childrens Television; Comparative Analysis; Computer Games; Developed Nations; Developing Nations; Federal Regulation; Films; Literacy; *Mass Media; *Mass Media Effects; *Mass Media Role; *Mass Media Use; Nonprint Media; Organizations (Groups); Programming (Broadcast) IDENTIFIERS Media Analysis; Media Characteristics; Media Exposure; Media Habits; Media Literacy; United Nations Convention on Rights of the Child ABSTRACT This report compiles information on recent and current trends in media literacy, including research on children and media, declarations related to the area, and a selection of relevant organizations and Web sites. The report first delineates children's rights as stipulated in the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child, especially as they relate to children and the media. The report then describes the changing media environment, noting that although media culture is intensive and all-pervasive, there remain huge gaps in various types of media in developed and developing nations. Current research information is then presented on the following topics: (1) recent trends in children's television programming by region;(2) the growth of electronic games;(3) the impact of advertising in audio-visual and children's media;(4) children's access to media in India and the U.S.;(5) children's media use worldwide;(6) children's and adolescents' media use styles in Europe;(7) children's media content preferences;(8) presentation of children in the media; and (9) the impact of media on children. The report next presents examples of international meetings on children and the media since 1990. Organizations and networks providing opportunities for children to develop media literacy and to participate in the creation of media are described. The regulation and self-regulation of media is also discussed. The report also includes Reproductions supplied by EDRS are'the best that can be made from the original document. international and regional declarations and resolutions on children and the media. A table is appended delineating media information by nation worldwide with information on income classification of countries. (Contains 116 references.) (KB) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as eceived from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have heen made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. n PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS and Media BEEN GRANTED BY Compiled for the 3rd World Summit P_A-Agaysevev on Media for Children TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES THESSALONIKI GREECE, 23-26 MARCH 2001 INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 2 Roam. HELLENIC TheNORDICOM UNESCO International Clearinghouse AUDIOVISUAL on Children and Violence on the Screen INSTITUTE E.C.T.C. The UNESCO TheUNESCOInternational Clearinghouse International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on Children and Violehce on the Screen on the Screen, at Nordicom In 1997, the Nordic Information Centre for Media and Goteborg University Communication Research (Nordicom) set up an inter- Box 713 SE 405 30 GOTEBORG, Sweden national clearinghouse on children and violence on the Web site: screen, financed jointly by the Swedish Government http://www.nordicom.gu.se and UNESCO. DIRECTOR: Ulla Carlsson The Clearinghouse aims to expand and deepen our SCIENTIFIC CO-ORDINATOR: understanding of children, young people and media Cecilia von Feilitzen Tel:+46 8 16 28 64 violence, seen in the perspective of the UN Convention Fax:+46 8 661 03 04 on the Rights of the Child.The prime task is to make E-mail: [email protected] new knowledge and data known to prospective users RESEARCH INFORMANT: Pia Hepsever/Catharina Bucht all over the world, with a view to informing relevant Tel: +46 31 773 49 53 policy decisions in the field, contributing to construct- Fax: +46 31 773 46 55 ive public discussion of the subject, and furthering E-mail: [email protected] children's competence as media users. It is also a hope [email protected] that the work of the Clearinghouse will stimulate further research on children and the media. THE CLEARINGHOUSE IS LOCATED AT NORDICOM The UNESCO International Clearinghouse on Nordicom is an organ of Children and Violence on the Screen focuses on the co-operation betw.een the Nordic following areas: countriesDenmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.The research on children, young people and media overriding goal and purpose is to violence make the media and communication efforts undertaken in the Nordic children's access to mass media and their countries known, both throughout and far beyond our part of the media use world. Nordicom uses a variety of chan- media literacy and children's participation in nels - newsletters, journals, books, the media, and databases - to reach researchers, students, decision-makers, media regulatory and voluntary measures and practitioners, journalists, teachers activities in the area. and interested members of the general public. The Clearinghouse is user-oriented, which means that Nordicom works to establish and strengthen links between the Nordic our services are offered in response to demand and are research community and colleagues adapted to the needs of our users researchers, in all parts of the world, both by means of unilateral flows and by policy-makers, media professionals, voluntary organisa- linking individual researchers, re- tions, teachers, students and interested individuals. search groups and institutions. Nordicom also documents media Central to the work has been the creation of a trends in the Nordic countries. The world-wide network. The Clearinghouse publishes a joint Nordic information addresses yearbook and a newsletter. Several bibliographies, and users in Europe and further afield. The production of comparative a register of organisations concerned with children media statistics forms the core of and media, have been compiled.This and other this service. Nordicom is funded by the information is available on the Clearinghouse's Nordic Council of Ministers. web site. utlooks hildren and Media Child Rights Media Trends Media Research Media Literacy Child Participation Declarations Compiled and written by Cecilia von Feilitzen & Catharina Bucht The UNESCO International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen The 3rd World Summit on Media for Children Thessaloniki, Greece, 23-26 March 2001 Ilea M. NORDICOM HELLENIC AUDIOVISUAL wEC.T.C. INSTITUTE 4 Published by The UNESCO International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen NORDICOM Goteborg University Box 713 SE 405 30 GOTEBORG Sweden Compiled and written by Cecilia von Feilitzen and Catharina Bucht Cover by Roger Palmqvist Printed by Grafikerna Livrena i Kungalv AB, Sweden, 2001 ISBN 91-89471-07-5 Contents Foreword 5 Children's Rights 7 Children in the World 9 The Changing Media Environment 11 Recent Trends in Children's Programming 15 Electronic Games 20 Advertising 22 Hopes and Fears 24 Children's Access to Media 25 How Much Do Children Use the Media? 28 Increasing Differences in Media Use 32 What Media Contents Do Children Prefer? 35 The Image of the Child 39 Reception and Influences of the Media 42 A Growing Global Awareness 47 Examples of International Meetings on Children and Media since 1990 49 Media Education, Literacy, Communication 61 Children, School and Work 64 Children's Participation and Democracy 65 Examples of Organisations and Networks Media Literacy and Children's Participation 67 Regulation and Self-regulation 79 International and Regional Declarations and Resolutions on Children and Media 82 Appendix Regional Summaries Country List 112 Media in the World 113 Income Classification of Countries 118 References 119 About I.O.M. 124 About E.C.T.C. 125 Register of Contents 127 -Ioreword The UNESCO International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen at Nordicom is honoured to have been asked by the European Children's Televi- sion Centre (E.C.T.C.) and the Hellenic Audiovisual Institute (I.O.M.) to make an index, or a map, of children and media for the 3rd World Summit on
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