DOCSLIB.ORG

Watersupply and Sanitationin Pakistan:Lessons from Experience No

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Watersupply and Sanitationin Pakistan:Lessons from Experience No VVFPOILI 0 WORLDBANK TECHNICALPAPER NUMBER 166 Public Disclosure Authorized Ifrigation Planning with Environmental Considerations A Case Study of Pakistan's Indus Basin FILECopy Masood Ahmad and Gary P. Kutcher Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized P!Ls_ mN*LN TNR-MENG Public Disclosure Authorized EVEN TUMAND STI RECENT WORLD BANK TECHNIC'AL PAPERS No. 103 Banerjee, Shrubsin TropicalForest Ecosystems: Examples from India No. 104 Schware, The WorldSoftware Industry and SoftwareEngineering: Opportunities and Constraints for Newly IndustrializedEconomies No. 105 Pasha and McGarry, Rural VWaterSupply and Sanitationin Pakistan:Lessons from Experience No. 106 Pinto and Besant-Jones,Demand and NetbackValues for Gas in Electricity No. 107 Electric Power Research Institute and EMENA, The CurrentState of AtmosphericFluidized-Bed CombustionTechnology No. 108 Falloux, LandInformation and RemoteSensingfor RenewableResource Management in Sub-Saharan Africa:A Demand-DrivenApproach (also in French, 108F) No. 109 Carr, Technologyfor Small-ScaleFarmers in Sub-SaharanAfrica: Experience with FoodCrop Production in Five Major EcologicalZones No. 110 Dixon, Talbot, and Le Moigne, Damsand theEnvironment: Considerations in WorldBank Projects No. 111 Jeffcoate and Pond, LargeWater Meters: Guidelines for Selection,Testing, and Maintenance No. 112 Cook and Grut, Agroforestryin Sub-SaharanAfrica: A Farmer'sPerspective No. 113 Vergara and Babelon, The PetrochemicalIndustry in DevelopingAsia: A Review of the Current Situationand Prospectsfor Developmentin the 1990s No. 114 McGuire and Popkins, Helping WomenImprove Nutrition in the DevelopingWorld: Beating the Zero Sum Game No. 115 Le Moigne, Plusquellec, and Barghouti, Dam Safetyand the Environment No. 116 Nelson, DrylandManagement: The "Desertification"Problem No. 117 Barghouti, Timmer, and Siegel, Rural Diversification:Lessons from East Asia No. 118 Pritchard, Lendingby the WorldBank for AgriculturalResearch: A Reviewof the Years 1981 through1987 No. 119 Asia Region Technical Department, FloodControl in Bangladesh:A Planfor Action No. 120 Plusquellec, The GeziraIrrigation Scheme in Sudan:Objectives, Design, and Performance No. 121 Listorti, EnvironmentalHealth Components for WaterSupply, Sanitation,and UrbanProjects No. 122 Dessing, Supportfor Microenterprises:Lessons for Sub-SaharanAfrica No. 123 Barghouti and Le Moigne, Irrigationin Sub-SaharanAfrica: The Developmentof Public and PrivateSystems No. 124 Zyrnelman, Science,Education, and Developmentin Sub-SaharanAfrica No. 125 van de Walle and Foster, FertilityDecline in Africa:Assessment and Prospects No. 126 Davis, MacKnight, IMO Staff, and Others, EnvironmentalConsiderationsfor Port and Harbor Developments No. 127 Doolette and Magrath, editors, WatershedDevelopment in Asia:Strategies and Technologies No. 128 Gastellu-Etchegorry, editor, SatelliteRemote Sensing for AgriculturalProjects No. 129 Berkoff,Irrigation Management on theIndo-Gangetic Plain No. 130 Agnes Kiss, editor, Living with Wildlife:Wildlife Resource Management with LocalParticipation in Africa No. 131 Nair, The Prospectsfor Agroforestryin the Tropics No. 132 Murphy, Casley, and Curry, Farmers'Estimations as a Sourceof ProductionData: Methodological Guidelinesfor Cerealsin Africa No. 133 Agriculture and Rural Development Department, ACIAR, AIDAB,and ISNAR,Agricultural Biotechnology:The Next "GreenRevolution"? No. 134 de Haan and Bekure,Animal HIealthin Sub-SaharanAfrica: Initial Experienceswith Alternative Approaches (List continues on the inside back cover) WORLDBANK TECHNICAL PAPER NUMBER 166 Irrigation Planning with Environmental Considerations A Case Study of Pakistan's Indus Basin Masood Ahmad and Gary P. Kutcher The World Bank Washington, D.C. Copyright 0 1992 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLDBANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing April 1992 Technical Papers are published to conmnunicate the results of the Bank's work to the development community with the least possible delay. The typescript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formal printed texts, and the World Bank accepts no responsibility for errors. The findings, interpretations, and condusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the courntries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data induded in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. Any maps that accompany the text have been prepared solely for the convenience of readers; the designations and presentation of material in them do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Bank, its affiliates, or its Board or member countries concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of the authorities thereof or concerning the delimitation of its boundaries or its national affiliation. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to the Office of the Publisher at the address shown in the copyright notice above. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and, when the reproduction is for noncommercial purposes, without asking a fee. Permission to photocopy portions for dassroom use is not required, though notification of such use having been made will be appreciated. The complete backlist of publications from the World Bank is shown in the annual Index of Publications,which contains an alphabetical title list (with full ordering information) and indexes of subjects, authors, and countries and regions. The latest edition is available free of charge from the Distribution Unit, Office of the Publisher, Department F, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A., or from Publications, The World Bank, 66, avenue d'Iena, 75116 Paris, France. ISSN: 0253-7494 Masood Ahmad is a water resources engineer in the World Bank's Europe, Middle East, and North Africa Region. This work was undertaken while he was with the Envirornment Department. Gary P. Kutcher is an agricultural and water resources economist. He is a former Bank staff member and currently a consultant to the Bank and other international organizations. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ahmad, Masood. Irrigation planning with environmental considerations: a case study of Pakistan's Indus Basin / Masood Ahmad and Gary P. Kutcher. p. cm. - (World Bank technical paper, ISSN 0253-7494; no. 166) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8213-2080-7 1. Irrigation engineering-Environmental aspects-Pakistan-Case studies. 2. Soil salinization-Pakistan--Case studies. 3. Waterlogging (Soils)-Pakistan-Case studies. 4. Irrigation- -Pakistan-Management-Case studies. 5. Irrigation engineering- -Environmental aspects-Indus River Watershed-Case studies. I. Kutcher, Gary P., 1944- . 1I. Title. II. Series. TD195.H93A36 1992 627'.52'095491-dc2O 92-6782 CIP ... Foreword Waterloggingand salinityare two of the major environmentalproblems associated with large irrigationsystems. It is in this contextthat the EnvironmentDepartment is very pleased to share the results of this case study for the Indus Basin irrigationsystem, which analyzes causes of waterlogging and salinity and suggests possible remedies. The methodology and the techniques developed for this case study can be considered as applicable generallyto irrigation systemsoperating in semi-arid and arid environments. Mohamed T. El-Ashry Director EnvironmentDepartment iv Acknowledgements The authors have been inspired by, and have benefited from, discussions with Warren Fairchild, S.S. Kirmani, Peter S. Lee, Richard Meyers, Walter Ochs, Willem Vlotner, and Tae-Hee Yoon. Walter Ochs and Herve Plusquellec commented on an earlier draft. None of these should be held responsible for any errors or any views expressed in this study. They are grateful to Anthony Brooke, John H. Duloy, Alexander Meeraus, and Gerald T. O'Mara for their earlier work on the Indus Basin Models. Table of Contents 1 Introduction ............................................. 1 Historical Background ................................ 1 Emerging Problems .................................. 2 The Water Sector Investment Plan ...................... 4 Objectives of this Study ............................... 5 2 The Indus Basin Model Revised ........................ 7 Background ............. .......................... 7 Overview of the IBMR ................................ 8 The Zone Models ................................... 13 The Province Models ................................ 14 Appendix: The Agro-Climatic Zones .................... 15 3 Agricultural Performance 1988-2000.......... .. ............... 17 Agricultural Production (1988) ......................... 17 Resource Use (1988) ................................ 21 Projections to 2000: Assumptions ....................... 24 Projections for 2000: With No Further Investment .... ....... 26 Projections for 2000: With WSIP Investment ............... 27 Appendix: Surface Water System Inflows ................. 32 4 Environmental Issues ..... ............ ..................... 37 Environmental Priorities .............................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Presentation on Water Sector Development
    PRESENTATION ON WATER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT By AFTAB AHMAD KHAN SHERPAO Minister for Water and Power At Pakistan Development Forum March 18, 2004 COUNTRY PROFILE • POPULATION: 141 MILLION • GEOGRAPHICAL AREA: 796,100 KM2 • IRRIGATED AREA: 36 MILLION ACRES • ANNUAL WATER AVAILABILITY AT RIM STATIONS: 142 MAF • ANNUAL CANAL WITHDRAWALS: 104 MAF • GROUND WATER PUMPAGE: 44 MAF • PER CAPITA WATER AVAILABLE (2004): 1200 CUBIC METER CURRENT WATER AVAILABILITY IN PAKISTAN AVAILABILITY (Average) o From Western Rivers at RIM Stations 142 MAF o Uses above Rim Stations 5 MAF TOTAL 147 MAF USES o Above RIM Stations 5 MAF o Canal Diversion 104 MAF TOTAL 109 MAF BALANCE AVAILABLE 38 MAF Annual Discharge (MAF) 100 20 40 60 80 0 76-77 69.08 77-78 30.39 (HYDROLOGICAL YEAR FROMAPRILTOMARCH) (HYDROLOGICAL YEAR FROMAPRILTOMARCH) 78-79 80.59 79-80 29.81 ESCAPAGES BELOW KOTRI 80-81 20.10 81-82 82-83 9.68 33.79 83-84 45.91 84-85 29.55 85-86 10.98 86-87 26.90 87-88 17.53 88-89 52.86 Years 89-90 17.22 90-91 42.34 91-92 53.29 92-93 81.49 93-94 29.11 94-95 91.83 95-96 62.76 96-97 45.40 97-98 20.79 98-99 AVG.(35.20) 99-00 8.83 35.15 00-01 0.77 01-02 1.93 02-03 2.32 03-04 20 WATER REQUIREMENT AND AVAILABILITY Requirement / Availability Year 2004 2025 (MAF) (MAF) Surface Water Requirements 115 135 Average Surface Water 104 104 Diversions Shortfall 11 31 (10 %) (23%) LOSS OF STORAGE CAPACITY Live Storage Capacity (MAF) Reservoirs Original Year 2004 Year 2010 Tarbela 9.70 7.28 25% 6.40 34% Chashma 0.70 0.40 43% 0.32 55% Mangla 5.30 4.24 20% 3.92 26% Total 15.70 11.91 10.64
    [Show full text]
  • Opposition Alliances in Egypt and Pakistan
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: DIVIDED WE STAND, BUT UNITEDWE OPPOSE? OPPOSITION ALLIANCES IN EGYPT AND PAKISTAN Neha Sahgal, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008 Directed By: Dr. Mark Lichbach, Professor and Chair, Department of Government and Politics Why are opposition groups able to form alliances in their activism against the regime in some cases but not in others? Specifically, why did opposition groups in Pakistan engage in high levels of alliance building, regardless of ideological and other divides, while similar alliance patterns did not emerge in Egypt? I explain alliances among various opposition groups in Egypt and Pakistan as a result of two factors – the nature of group constituencies and the nature of the alliance. I argue that constituencies can be characterized as two kinds: Divided and Fluid . Under divided constituencies, different opposition groups receive consistent support from specific sections of the population. Under fluid constituencies, opposition groups have no consistent basis for support. Alliances can be of two kinds, Mobilization or Elite . Mobilization alliances are formed among two or more groups to bring constituents together to engage in collective action, for example, protest, sit-in or civil disobedience. Elite alliances are formed among group leaders to express grievances and/ or find solutions to issues without engaging their constituents in street politics. Groups may work together on an issue-based or value-based concern. Issue- based concerns focus on a specific aspect of the grievance being raised. For example, a law that imposes censorship on the press. Value-based concerns have a broader focus, for example media freedom. Mobilization alliances emerge among political groups that have divided constituencies and are unlikely among political groups that have fluid constituencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Dilemma of Kalabagh Dam and Pakistan Future
    2917 Muhammad Iqbal et al./ Elixir Bio. Diver. 35 (2011) 2917-2920 Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Bio Diversity Elixir Bio. Diver. 35 (2011) 2917-2920 Dilemma of kalabagh dam and Pakistan future Muhammad Iqbal 1 and Khalid Zaman 2 1Department of Development Studies, Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan. 2Department of Management Sciences, Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The purpose of this study is to explore the importance of Kalabagh dam in the perspective of Received: 11 April 2011; Pakistan. In addition, the study observes different views of the residents which cover all four Received in revised form: provinces of Pakistan namely, Sindh, Punjab, Khyber PukhtoonKhawa (KPK) and 20 May 2011; Baluchistan. The importance of Kalabagh dam in Pakistan is related with electricity Accepted: 27 May 2011; generation capacity which will meet the country’s power requirement. There has some reservation regarding construction of the dam. Sindh province objects that their share of the Keywords Indus water will be curtailed as water from the Kalabagh will go to irrigate farmlands in Kalabagh dam, Punjab and Khyber PukhtoonKhawa at their cost. KPK province of Pakistan has concerns Electricity generation, that large areas of Nowshera (district of KPK) would be submerged by the dam and even Power requirement, wider areas would suffer from water-logging and salinity. Further, as the water will be Pros and Cons, stored in Kalabagh dam as proposed Government of Pakistan, it will give water level rise to Pakistan. the city that is about 200 km away from the proposed location.
    [Show full text]
  • Solanum Nigrum
    Sci.Int.(Lahore),28(6),5251-5255,2016 ISSN 1013-5316;CODEN: SINTE 8 5251 SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN NUTRITIONAL AND ELEMENTAL PROFILE OF MAKO (Solanum nigrum) COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT TEHSILS OF DISTRICT MIANWALI, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN Abdul Ghani1, Muhammad Nadeem2, Muhammad Mehrban Ahmed3, Mujahid Hussain4, Muhammad Ikram5 and Muhammad Imran6 1,3,4,5,6 Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan 2 Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Corresponding Author: [email protected] Key words: Spatial variation, Nutritional composition, Elemental profile, Solanum nigrum, District Mianwali ABSTRACT: The survey was conducted to assess the nutritional composition and elemental profile of Solanum nigrum collected from different tehsils (Mianwali, Esakhel, Piplan) of District Mianwali. Highest moisture (28.48%), ash (21.68%) and fat contents (14.23%) were present in tehsil Mianwali. Highest carbohydrate content (25.75%), crude fiber (13.04%) and crude protein content (0.41%) was observed in tehsil Piplan. Highest concentration of Cr (0.16mg/kg), Mg (6.76mg/kg), Mn (0.12mg/kg), Fe (8.19 mg/kg) and Pb (1.85 mg/kg) was present in tehsil Piplan. Highest concentration of Zn (3.52mg/kg) was noted in tehsil Esakhel. Highest concentration of Cd (0.82mg/kg) and Cr (0.25mg/kg) was present in samples collected from tehsil Mianwali. Variation in nutritional composition and elemental profile of Solanum nigrum may be attributed to soil composition (nutrients) and difference of climatic factor prevailing in different tehsils of District Mianwali. INTRODUCTION effective efficiency of curing diseases with no side effects The main aim of the study is to explore the nutrition and the [4].
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Medicinal Flora of Tehsil Isakhel, District Mianwali-Pakistan
    Ethnobotanical Leaflets 10: 41-48. 2006. Check List of Medicinal Flora of Tehsil Isakhel, District Mianwali-Pakistan Mushtaq Ahmad, Mir Ajab Khan, Shabana Manzoor, Muhammad Zafar And Shazia Sultana Department of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad-Pakistan Issued 15 February 2006 ABSTRACT The research work was conducted in the selected areas of Isakhel, Mianwali. The study was focused for documentation of traditional knowledge of local people about use of native medicinal plants as ethnomedicines. The method followed for documentation of indigenous knowledge was based on questionnaire. The interviews were held in local community, to investigate local people and knowledgeable persons, who are the main user of medicinal plants. The ethnomedicinal data on 55 plant species belonging to 52 genera of 30 families were recorded during field trips from six remote villages of the area. The check list and ethnomedicinal inventory was developed alphabetically by botanical name, followed by local name, family, part used and ethnomedicinal uses. Plant specimens were collected, identified, preserved, mounted and voucher was deposited in the Department of Botany, University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi, for future references. Key words: Checklist, medicinal flora and Mianwali-Pakistan. INTRODUCTION District Mianwali derives its name from a local Saint, Mian Ali who had a small hamlet in the 16th century which came to be called Mianwali after his name (on the eastern bank of Indus). The area was a part of Bannu district. The district lies between the 32-10º to 33-15º, north latitudes and 71-08º to 71-57º east longitudes. The district is bounded on the north by district of NWFP and Attock district of Punjab, on the east by Kohat districts, on the south by Bhakkar district of Punjab and on the west by Lakki, Karak and Dera Ismail Khan District of NWFP again.
    [Show full text]
  • Grounding Sectarianism: the End of Syncretic Traditions
    Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan Volume No. 55, Issue No. 2 (July - December, 2018) Saadia Sumbal * Grounding Sectarianism: The end of syncretic traditions Abstract This article sets out to explore the sectarian differentiation that beset Pakistan from the very outset. In this study the events taking place at the national level, had the resonance at the local level, particularly in the district Mianwali. In a bid to explain the heightened sectarian tension, the role of Maulana Allahyar 1 from Chakrala 2 , has been underscored as a devout exponent of Sunni/ Deobandi ascendancy, with wider implication. He employed munazara as the main instrument of stemming Shia dissemination. He upheld the cause of Sunni/Deobandi version of Islam in the midst of rising proselytization of Shias in the region. Because of his endeavors to counter the Shia’s creeping influence in Chakrala, came to be the epicenter of Islamic reformism. Hence along with the strivings of Allahyar, Chakrala too forms the main focus of study. Introduction Pakistan has faced a constant irritant regarding the status of the religious minorities vis a vis majority. The politics of religious exclusion therefore becomes extremely relevant while studying Pakistan‟s political history. Such exclusion has crystalized the sectarian fault lines which gave rise to fundamentalist ideologies. On sectarianism and religio-political activism of Ulema most scholars link the increased radicalization of sectarian identities with Zia-ul-Haq‟s Islamization, the Afghan War, the proliferation of Deobandi madaris and the 1979 Iranian Revolution.3 Qasim Zaman and Vali Nasr have delved deep into sectarianism, their work shows how in the last half of twentieth century, configuration of social, political and religious factors at national and transnational levels articulated religious identities4.
    [Show full text]
  • Politics of Power Sharing in Post-1971 Pakistan
    www.ccsenet.org/jpl Journal of Politics and Law Vol. 4, No. 1; March 2011 Politics of Power sharing in Post-1971 Pakistan Muhammad Mushtaq (Corresponding author) Department of Political Science & International Relations Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Ayaz Muhammad Chairman Department of Political Science & International Relations Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Syed Khawja Alqama Professor Department of Political Science & International Relations Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Political scientists and constitutional engineers have recommended various power sharing models to guarantee political stability in multiethnic societies. The literature on power sharing seems to suggest that consociationalism and centripetalism are the two prominent models. While the former suggests grand coalition, the latter recommends multiethnic coalition cabinets to share power in diverse societies. Keeping in view these models, this paper attempts to examine the performance of various coalition cabinets in post-1971 Pakistan. The evidence shows that the coalition cabinets in Pakistan remained short-lived. The Pakistani experience seems to suggest that the power sharing models have certain limitations in diverse societies and are not, necessarily, appropriate option for all multiethnic states. Keywords: Power sharing, Multiethnic states, Coalition cabinets, Pakistan 1. Introduction The multiethnic structure of a state has been regarded as an obstacle to a stable democracy (Lijphart, 1995, p.854; Mill, 1958, p. 230). So, the political scientists have been remained busy in probing a democratic model that can ensure political stability in diverse societies. Since 1960s, power sharing has been considered as a dominant approach by political scientists to pledge political stability in such societies.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Canidates for Recuritment of Mali at Police College Sihala
    LIST OF CANIDATES FOR RECURITMENT OF MALI AT POLICE COLLEGE SIHALA not Sr. No Sr. Name Address CNIC No CNIC age on07-04-21age Remarks Attached Qulification Date ofBirth Date Father Name Father Appliedin Quota AppliedPost forthe Date ofTestPractical Date Home District-DomicileHome Affidavit attached / Not Not Affidavit/ attached Day Month Year Experienceor Certificate attached 1 Ghanzafar Abbas Khadim Hussain Chak Rohacre Teshil & Dist. Muzaffargarh Mali Open M. 32304-7071542-9 Middle 01-01-86 7 4 35 Muzaffargarh x x 20-05-21 W. No. 2 Mohallah Churakil Wala Mouza 2 Mohroz Khan Javaid iqbal Pirhar Sharqi Tehsil Kot Abddu Dist. Mali Open M. 32303-8012130-5 Middle 12-09-92 26 7 28 Muzaffargarh x x 20-05-21 Muzaffargarh Ghulam Rasool Ward No. 14 F Mohallah Canal Colony 3 Muhammad Waseem Mali Open M. 32303-6730051-9 Matric 01-12-96 7 5 24 Muzaffargarh x x 20-05-21 Khan Tehsil Kot Addu Dist. Muzaffargrah Muhammad Kamran Usman Koryia P-O Khas Tehsil & Dist. 4 Rasheed Ahmad Mali Open M. 32304-0582657-7 F.A 01-08-95 7 9 25 Muzaffargarh x x 20-05-21 Rasheed Muzaffargrah Muhammad Imran Mouza Gul Qam Nashtoi Tehsil &Dist. 5 Ghulam Sarwar Mali Open M. 32304-1221941-3 Middle 12-04-88 26 0 33 Muzaffargarh x x 20-05-21 Sarwar Muzaffargrah Nohinwali, PO Sharif Chajra, Tehsil 7 6 Mujahid Abbas Abid Hussain Mali Open M. 32304-8508933-9 Matric 02-03-91 6 2 30 Muzaffargarh x x 20-05-21 District Muzaffargarh. Hafiz Ali Chah Suerywala Pittal kot adu, Tehsil & 7 Muhammad Akram Mali Disable 32303-2255820-5 Middle 01-01-82 7 4 39 Muzaffargarh x x 20-05-21 Mumammad District Muzaffargarh.
    [Show full text]
  • State Capacity in Punjab's Local Governments
    Final report State capacity in Punjab’s local governments Benchmarking existing deficits Gharad Bryan Ali Cheema Ameera Jamal Adnan Khan Asad Liaqat Gerard Padro i Miquel June 2019 When citing this paper, please use the title and the following reference number: S-37433-PAK-2 STATE CAPACITY IN PUNJAB’S LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: BENCHMARKING EXISTING DEFICITS Gharad Bryan, Ali Cheema, Ameera Jamal, Adnan Khan, Asad Liaqat Gerard Padro i Miquel This Version: August 2019 Abstract As the developing world urbanizes, there is increasing pressure to provide local public goods and local governments are expected to play an important role in their provision. However, there is little work on the nature of of capacity deficits faced by local governments and whether these deficits are acting as a constraint on performance. We use financial accounts data from Punjab’s local governments for 2018-19 to measure their ability to utilize budgets and find that there is considerable variation in this metric across local governments. We supplement this with a management survey with the top managers whose decisions affect budget utilization in a random sample of 129 out of 193 urban local governments in Punjab. We find that the capacity deficits in local governments are particularly challenging in terms of human resource capabilities, the adoption of automated systems, and legal and enforcement capacity. We also find that better human resource capabilities and the use of managerial incentives are positively correlated with budget utilization. Our evidence provides new insights on the importance of management and human resource capabilities and systems capacity in local governments in a developing country setting.
    [Show full text]
  • Is the Kalabagh Dam Sustainable? an Investigation of Environmental Impacts
    Sci.Int.(Lahore),28(3),2305-2308,2016 ISSN 1013-5316;CODEN: SINTE 8 2305 IS THE KALABAGH DAM SUSTAINABLE? AN INVESTIGATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS. (A REVIEW) Sarah Asif1, Fizza Zahid1, Amir Farooq2, Hafiz Qasim Ali3. The University of Lahore, 1-km Raiwind road,Lahore. Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. ABSTRACT:Kalabagh dam is a larg escale project that may be the answer to power shortages, however, it is imperative to identify the environmental impacts and necessitate towards making this project environmentally sustainable. There is scarce data available on the environmental studies of Kalabagh dam. This study attempts to investigate the environmental effects by comparing the EIA studies and data collected on Three Gorges dam, Aswan dam and Tarbela dam. It is attemptd to consolidate the data already available and the impacts of the dam generated in the three case studies. The results indicate that the dam has a potential to have large scale ecological impact however, these impacts can be mitigated by adopting appropriate mitigation. The EIA process has enormous potential for improving the sustainability of hydro development, however, this can only be considered if strong institutional changes are made and implemented. KEYWORDS: EIA, Kalabgh dam, impact identification. 1. INTRODUCTION: The construction of large dams results in advantages as well economy it becomes imperative for Pakistan to build multi- as irrevocable and unfavorable impacts on the environment. purpose dams like Kalabagh. This project is riddled with The aquatic ecosystems are completely altered as a result of political controversies and has for a long time been damming a river, thus affecting the migration of aquatic neglected when it comes to making informed and well organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Partition of India Midnight's Children
    THE PARTITION OF INDIA MIDNIGHT’S CHILDREN, MIDNIGHT’S FURIES India was the first nation to undertake decolonization in Asia and Africa following World War Two An estimated 15 million people were displaced during the Partition of India Partition saw the largest migration of humans in the 20th Century, outside war and famine Approximately 83,000 women were kidnapped on both sides of the newly-created border The death toll remains disputed, 1 – 2 million Less than 12 men decided the future of 400 million people 1 Wednesday October 3rd 2018 Christopher Tidyman – Loreto Kirribilli, Sydney HISTORY EXTENSION AND MODERN HISTORY History Extension key questions Who are the historians? What is the purpose of history? How has history been constructed, recorded and presented over time? Why have approaches to history changed over time? Year 11 Shaping of the Modern World: The End of Empire A study of the causes, nature and outcomes of decolonisation in ONE country Year 12 National Studies India 1942 - 1984 2 HISTORY EXTENSION PA R T I T I O N OF INDIA SYLLABUS DOT POINTS: CONTENT FOCUS: S T U D E N T S INVESTIGATE C H A N G I N G INTERPRETATIONS OF THE PARTITION OF INDIA Students examine the historians and approaches to history which have contributed to historical debate in the areas of: - the causes of the Partition - the role of individuals - the effects and consequences of the Partition of India Aims for this presentation: - Introduce teachers to a new History topic - Outline important shifts in Partition historiography - Provide an opportunity to discuss resources and materials - Have teachers consider the possibilities for teaching these topics 3 SHIFTING HISTORIOGRAPHY WHO ARE THE HISTORIANS? WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF HISTORY? F I E R C E CONTROVERSY HAS RAGED OVER THE CAUSES OF PARTITION.
    [Show full text]
  • Part-I: Post Code Directory of Delivery Post Offices
    PART-I POST CODE DIRECTORY OF DELIVERY POST OFFICES POST CODE OF NAME OF DELIVERY POST OFFICE POST CODE ACCOUNT OFFICE PROVINCE ATTACHED BRANCH OFFICES ABAZAI 24550 Charsadda GPO Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 24551 ABBA KHEL 28440 Lakki Marwat GPO Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 28441 ABBAS PUR 12200 Rawalakot GPO Azad Kashmir 12201 ABBOTTABAD GPO 22010 Abbottabad GPO Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22011 ABBOTTABAD PUBLIC SCHOOL 22030 Abbottabad GPO Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22031 ABDUL GHAFOOR LEHRI 80820 Sibi GPO Balochistan 80821 ABDUL HAKIM 58180 Khanewal GPO Punjab 58181 ACHORI 16320 Skardu GPO Gilgit Baltistan 16321 ADAMJEE PAPER BOARD MILLS NOWSHERA 24170 Nowshera GPO Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 24171 ADDA GAMBEER 57460 Sahiwal GPO Punjab 57461 ADDA MIR ABBAS 28300 Bannu GPO Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 28301 ADHI KOT 41260 Khushab GPO Punjab 41261 ADHIAN 39060 Qila Sheikhupura GPO Punjab 39061 ADIL PUR 65080 Sukkur GPO Sindh 65081 ADOWAL 50730 Gujrat GPO Punjab 50731 ADRANA 49304 Jhelum GPO Punjab 49305 AFZAL PUR 10360 Mirpur GPO Azad Kashmir 10361 AGRA 66074 Khairpur GPO Sindh 66075 AGRICULTUR INSTITUTE NAWABSHAH 67230 Nawabshah GPO Sindh 67231 AHAMED PUR SIAL 35090 Jhang GPO Punjab 35091 AHATA FAROOQIA 47066 Wah Cantt. GPO Punjab 47067 AHDI 47750 Gujar Khan GPO Punjab 47751 AHMAD NAGAR 52070 Gujranwala GPO Punjab 52071 AHMAD PUR EAST 63350 Bahawalpur GPO Punjab 63351 AHMADOON 96100 Quetta GPO Balochistan 96101 AHMADPUR LAMA 64380 Rahimyar Khan GPO Punjab 64381 AHMED PUR 66040 Khairpur GPO Sindh 66041 AHMED PUR 40120 Sargodha GPO Punjab 40121 AHMEDWAL 95150 Quetta GPO Balochistan 95151
    [Show full text]