Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae)

ZOOSYSTEMATICA ROSSICA, 18(1): 73-82 3 July 2009

Review of Kazakhstan species of the genus Pachyneuron Walker, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae)

K.A. DZHANOKMEN

K.A. Dzhanokmen, Institute of Zoology, Akademgorodok, 93 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan.

Ten species of Pachyneuron are reported from Kazakhstan. Data on distribution and biology are reported for the first time for most of these species. A key to the species is provided. Key words: Hymenoptera, Pachyneuron, Kazakhstan

INTRODUCTION Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouché, 1834) (Figs 1-4) Pachyneuron Walker, 1833 is a cosmopolitan genus. Members of the genus are Material examined. Kazakhstan: North Ka- mainly hyperparasites of Homoptera (Aphi- zakhstan Prov., 2 females, near town of Shchu- doidea, Coccoidea and Psylloidea) through chinsk, on Salix sp., 27 July 1976, D.K.; Akmolinsk Hymenoptera (Ichneumonoidea: Braconi- Prov., 4 females, in the vicinity of Zhuravlevka village, from aphids (unknown species), July 1974, dae, Aphidiinae; Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae, S.N.; South Kazakhstan Prov., 60 females, 47 males, Aphelinidae), or primary and secondary town of Dzhetysay, from Pterochloroides persicae parasites of the predators of aphidopha- Chol. (Aphididae, Lachninae) on Persica vulgaris gous Diptera (Syrphidae, Chamaemyidae), Mill., 28 Oct. 1977, F.M.; 1 female, same locality, Coleoptera (Coccinellidae), Neuroptera from Aphis fabae Scopoli (Aphididae, Aphidinae) (Chrysopidae), and also of eggs of Lepi- on Rumex confertus Willd., 24 Sept. 1978, F.M.; 3 doptera (Graham, 1969; Bouček, 1965, females, 2 males, same locality, from Hyalopterus 1970, 1977, 1988; Dzhanokmen, 1978, 1984; pruni (Geoffroy) (Aphididae, Aphidinae) on Ar- meniaca vulgaris Lam., 29 May 1976, F.M.; 2 fe- Gafarov, 1979; Noyes, 1998; Gibson, 2001). males, 1 male, same locality, swept from Tamarix The taxonomy of the Kazakhstan species sp., 9 Aug., 1 Sept. 1980, D.K.; Kzylorda Prov., 2 of Pachyneuron is not yet completely cleared females, 1 male, near Chiili railway station, from up. Ten species as occurring in Kazakhstan aphids (unknown species) on Alhagi pseudalhagi are recorded here. The key to European (M. B.) Desv., 20 June 1984, D.K.; Zhambyl. Prov., species given by Graham (1969) is modified 2 females, 10 males, near Karatau town, mot- here because P. erzurumicum Doğanlar, 1986 ley grass meadow, 27 May – 3 June 2000, D.K.; has been found in Kazakhstan, and also be- Almaty Prov., 2 males, Petropavlovka village, northern spurs of Dzungarian Alatau Mountain cause since then some changes in nomen- Range, Lepsy R. flood lands, secondary parasite clature have been made. In the meantime, of Cacopsylla hippophaes (Förster) (Psyllidae) some difficulties remain because morpho- larvae through Encyrtidae, on Hippophae rham- logical characters separating some species noides L., 25 June 1985, Kh.L.; 6 females, 4 males, are rather small. It concerns mainly some near Karaagash village, lower Ili R. flood lands, in rather variable species such as P. formosum gallery forest, on Berberis iliensis M. Pop., 21-29 Walker, P. groenlandicum (Holmgren), and May, 15 Aug. 2003, D.K.; 1 female, Masak, Chi- P. leucopiscida Mani. lik R. flood lands, on Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. The following abbreviations are used for in gallery forest, 14 June 2006, D.K.; 1 female, Kaskelen Distr., from aphid on spring wheat, July collectors of the material: D.K. – K.A. Dzha- 1979, S.A.; 1 female, 26 km SW of Almaty, motley nokmen; F.M. – M.Ya. Fol’kina; K.V. – V.L. grass meadow, 9 July 1996; 1 female, 72 km NE of Kazenas, Kh.L. – L.G. Khlebutina; L.V. – Almaty, motley grass, 3 July 2007, D.K.; 1 female, V.G. Linskiy; S.A. – A.E. Slivkin; S.E. – E.S. Talgar town, on herbage, 18 July 2006, D.K.; 3 fe- Sugonyaev; S.N. – N.E. Smailova; T.N. – males, 4 males, near Turgen village, 19 July 2006; N.G. Telepa. East Kazakhstan Prov., 1 female, 30 km NW of

Figs 1-4. Pachyneuron aphidis. 1, antenna, female; 2, anterior margin of clypeus and mandibles, female; 3, fore wing venation, female; 4, antenna, male.

Kaynar village, Kazakh Melkosopochnik, swept Pachyneuron formosum Walker, 1833 from herbage, 22 June 1978, D.K.; 7 females, 3 (Figs 8-10) males, near Kaznakovka village, sand-dunes, swept from herbage, 25 June 1979, D.K. Material examined. Kazakhstan: 1 female, Hosts. This species develops as a prima- 9 males, South Kazakhstan Prov., near Karatau town, 27 May – 5 June 2000, D.K.; 6 females, ry parasite or a hyperparasite. A list of the 2 males, Almaty Prov., Koktuma village, south- hosts of this species includes Homoptera ern shore of Alakol’ L., on Elaeagnus oxycarpa (Aphidoidea: Aphididae, Pemphigidae; Coc- Schlecht., 10 July 2007, D.K. coidea: Coccidae, Kermesidae, Pseudococ- Hosts. Parasite of aphidophagous Syr- cidae; Psylloidea: Psyllidae), Diptera (Syr- phidae: Syrphus ribesii L., Epistrophe bal- phidae, Cecidomyiidae) and Hymenoptera teata (DeGeer), Xanthandrus comptus Harr. (Braconidae: Aphidiinae; Chalcidoidea: En- (Graham, 1969; Bouček, 1977). cyrtidae, Aphelinidae). Distribution. United Kingdom, France, Distribution. Cosmopolitan species. Germany, Italy, Middle East, Kazakhstan, Kyrghyzstan, Tajikistan. Pachyneuron erzurumicum Doğanlar, 1986 (Figs 5-7) Pachyneuron grande Thomson, 1878

Material examined. Kazakhstan: Mangistau Material examined. Kazakhstan: North Ka- Prov., 1 female, Aktau town (former Shevchenko zakhstan Prov., 2 females, near Barmashino, town), botanical garden, on Tamarix sp., 12 June glades in birch forest, 12 Aug. 1976, D.K. 1989, D.K.; Almaty Prov., 2 females, southern Host. In Europe, the species has been part of Balkhash L. basin, lower Ili R. valley, near reared from puparia of aphidophagous syr- Karaagash village, on T. ramosissima Ledeb., 31 phids Syrphus arcuatus Fll. and Epistrophe May 2003, 7 June 2004, D.K. balteata (DeGeer) (Graham, 1969). Host. Unknown. Distribution. Europe, Kazakhstan, Kyr- Distribution. Turkey, Kazakhstan. ghyzstan.

Figs 5-7. Pachyneuron erzurumicum, female. 5, antenna; 6, anterior margin of clypeus and mandibles; 7, fore wing venation.

Figs 8-10. Pachyneuron formosum, female. 8, antenna; 9, anterior margin of clypeus and mandibles; 10, fore wing venation.

Pachyneuron groenlandicum July 1982, S.A.; 2 females, 70 km N of Almaty, (Holmgren, 1872) on Elaeagnus oxycarpa Schlecht., 7 June 2006, (Figs 11-13) D.K.; 3 females, 1 male, 8 km SW of Zharkent town, 5 and 16 Sept. 1970, K.V.; 1 female, East Pachyneuron umbratum Delucchi, 1955. (Syn- Kazakhstan Prov., near Semipalatinsk town, 5 onymy by Hedqvist, 1977). Aug. 1981, D.K. Material examined. Kazakhstan: North Ka- Host. Reared from puparia of Sphaero- zakhstan Prov., 1 female, 2 males, Leonidovka phoria scripta L. (Syrphidae) and from pu- village, from syrphid puparia, 13 Aug. 1981, T.N.; paria of undetermined species aphidopha- Atyrau Prov., 6 females, Caspian depression, 45 gous syrphids. There is also one record from km W of Ganyushkino railway station, Kigach Oscinella frit (L.) (Chloropidae) (Graham, R. flood lands, on Tamarix sp., 15 Aug. 1985, 1969). D.K.; 1 female, 7-10 km N of Atyrau, Ural R. Distribution. Holarctic Region. valley, 15 May 2003, K.V.; 17 females, Southern part of Balkhash L. basin, lower Ili R. valley, near Remarks. The status of P. groenlandicum Karaagash village, on T. ramosissima, 13-31 May, is rather doubtful, and this taxon probably 12-15 Aug. 2003, D.K.; 5 females, 3 males, near falls within range of variation of P. formo- Almaty, from puparia of Sphaerophoria scripta L. sum. These two species are very similar, but (Syrphidae) on wheat, 25 June 1981, S.A.; 3 fe- typical P. groenlandicum has marginal vein males, 3 males, near Almaty, on cabbage, from as long as, or slightly longer than the stig- puparia of Syrphidae, 21.Aug., 19 Sept. 1974, mal vein; basal vein with 2-12 setae; whilst L.V.; 2 females, Kaynazarka village, on herba- typical P. formosum has marginal vein a ceous plants, 1 June 2000, 8 Aug. 1998, D.K.; little shorter than the stigmal vein; basal near Turgen’ village, foothills of Trans-Ili Alatau Mts., pasture, 19 July 2006, D.K.; 2 females, 25 vein usually bare or rarely with 1-2 setae. km S of Turgen village, Trans-Ili Alatau Mts., 19 These differences are small and not reliable and 23 July 1971, D.K.; 2 females, 1 male, Zhala- for separating P. groenlandicum from P. for- nash village, from syrphid puparia on barley, 23 mosum. On the other hand, in some series

Figs 11-13. Pachyneuron groenlandicum, female. 11, head (front view); 12, antenna; 13, fore wing venation.

© 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 18(1): 73-82 K.A. DZHANOKMEN. PACHYNEURON FROM KAZAKHSTAN 77 all intermediate forms occur. For instance, found amongst aphids Brachycaudus persicaeco- in a material of P. formosum reared from la Boisd. (Aphididae) on Prunus domestica L., puparia of Ischiodon scutellaris F. (Syrphi- 21 Aug. 1969, F.M.; 1 female, same locality, from dae) on cotton (Tajikistan, 1 June 1977, puparia of L. ninae found amongst Hyalopterus leg. Gafarov) some females have marginal pruni (Geoffr.) (Aphididae) on Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin., 15 Aug. 1968, F.M. vein and pilosity of the basal vein of the fore Hosts. Cremifania nigrocellulata Cz. (Cha- wing as in typical P. formosum, others are mae myiidae) (Graham, 1969), Leucopis ar- intermediate in these characters between gentata Heeger, L. glyphinivora Tana sijtshuk, P. formosum and P. groenlandicum or virtu- L. argenticollis Ztt., L. ninae Tanasijtshuk ally identical with typical P. groenlandicum. Bouček (1965) suggested that P. umbratum (Chamaemyiidae) (Dzhanokmen, 1984). might be conspecific with as P. formosum. Distribution. United Kingdom, Germa- He examined British material of P. formo- ny, Switzerland, former Czechoslovakia, sum, “which differs mainly only by the rela- Belorussia, Moldavia, Russia, Kazakhstan, tively shorter marginal vein from most con- Kyr ghyz stan, India. tinental specimens” (Bouček, 1965: 18). For the present P. groenlandicum is considered Pachyneuron muscarum (Linnaeus, 1758) as being distinct from P. formosum. Actually (Figs 17-19) it is not easy to decide, without studying of Pteromalus concolor Förster, 1841; Pachyneuron reared specimens from different regions in psyllaephagum Mani, 1939; Pachyneuron sic- Palaearctic, whether P. groenlandicum is a ulum Delucchi, 1955. (Synonymy by Bouček, synonym of P. formosum or a valid species. 1981). Material examined. Kazakhstan: Almaty Pachyneuron leucopiscida Mani, 1939 Prov., 2 females, 1 male, Talgar town, from Par- (Figs 14-16) thenolecanium corni Bouché (Homoptera: Coc- cidae) on Prunus domestica L., 4 July 1976, D.K.; Pachyneuron cremifaniae Delucchi, 1953. (Syn- 1 female, near Almaty, from P. corni on Ulmus onymy by Bouček et al., 1979). pumila L., 28 July 1961, S.E.; 2 females, near Al- Material examined. Kazakhstan: Almaty maty, Trans-Ili Alatau Mts., from Physokermes Prov., 1 female, 1 male, Talgar town, from puparia fasciatus Borchs. (Coccidae) on Picea schrenki- of Leucopis ninae Tanasijtshuk (Chamaemyiidae) ana Fisch. et Mey., 18-20 July 1961, S.E.

Figs 14-16. Pachyneuron leucopiscida, female. 14, antenna; 15, anterior margin of clypeus and mandibles; 16, fore wing venation.

Figs 17-19. Pachyneuron muscarum, female. 17, antenna; 18, anterior margin of clypeus and mandibles; 19, part of fore wing.

Host. This species develops mainly as ous Mangyshlak, near Tauchik village, on Tama- hyperparasite of various Coccidae through rix sp., 23-24 May 1988, D.K.; 3 females, Aktau Encyrtidae, in nymphs of Psyllidae, and town (former Shevchenko town), botanical garden, on Tamarix sp., 7, 19 June 1989, D.K.; South in pupae of aphidophagous Coccinellidae Kazakhstan Prov., 1 female, near Biylikol L., 20 (Graham, 1969; Bouček, 1970, 1977; Dzha- km E of Karatau town, on Elaeagnus oxycarpa nokmen, 1978). Schlecht., 30 May 2002, D.K.; Zhambyl Prov., 4 Distribution. Probably whole of Europe, females, 10 males, near Karatau town, on Tama- Israel, Kazakhstan. rix ramosissima Ledeb., 27-29 May 2000, 3 June 2000, D.K.; Almaty Prov., 4 females, 2 males, near Almaty, from unknown species of Syrphidae Pachyneuron nelsoni Girault, 1928 puparia, 12 Jan. 1981, L.V.; 11 female, 5 males, (Figs 20-23) southern part of Balkhash L. basin, lower Ili R. valley, near Karaagash village, on T. ramosis- Pachyneuron aeneus Masi, 1929. (Synonymy by sima, 15.31 May 2003, 12-15 Aug. 2003, D.K.; Bouček, 1988). 1 female, 1 male, Masak, Chilik R. flood lands, Material examined. Kazakhstan: Atyrau on T. ramosissima in gallery forest, 25 May 2004, Prov., 2 females, 16-30 km SE of Karabatan vil- 26 June 2007, D.K.; 2 males, 30 km SE of Chi- lage, 22 May 2005, K.V.; Mangistau Prov., 2 fe- lik, Zhingilsu R. flood lands, on T. ramosissima, males, 4 males, Mountainous Mangyshlak, 30 km 4 June 2005, D.K.; 1 male, Charyn R. valley, SE of Shetpe railway station, on Tamarix sp., 1 Sortogay natural boundary, on T. ramosissima, June 1988, D.K.; 1 female, 2 males, Mountain- 7 June 2005, D.K.; 1 female, Syugatinskaya Val-

Figs 20-23. Pachyneuron nelsoni. 20, antenna, female; 21, head (front view), female; 22, fore wing venation, female; 23, antenna excluding scape, male. ley, 6 June 2005, D.K.; Karaganda Prov., 1 fe- Libya, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, India, Aus- male, northern part of Balkhash L. basin, 50 km tralia. NE of Balkhash town, motley grass meadow, 11 June 1978, D.K.; 1 female, 85 km NE of Balkhash town, on T. ramosissima, 12 June 1978, D.K. East Pachyneuron planiscuta Thomson, 1878 Kazakhstan Prov., 1 female, 118 km SW of Ust’- (Figs 24-25) Kamenogorsk, NW spurs of KalbinskiyRange, Kyzyl-su natural boundary, flood lands, 18 June Material examined. Kazakhstan: Atyrau 1979, D.K. Prov., 1 female, 30 km NE of Karabatan village, Hosts. Paragus tibialis Fll., P. pulcherri- 17 May 2003, K.V.; South Kazakhstan Prov., 1 fe- mus Strobl, P. aegyptius Wiedemann, Scae- male, Dzhetysay, on Phragmites australis, 12 Aug. va albomaculata Mcq., Ischiodon scutellaris 1980, D.K. F., Epistrophe balteata (DeGeer) (Diptera, Hosts. Unknown species of Syrphidae Syrphidae) (Bouček, 1977; Gafarov, 1979; puparia on Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Dzhanokmen, 1984). in Finland (Vikberg, 1982) and from Syr- Distribution. Yugoslavia, Moldavia, Eu- phidae puparia on paddy in Russia (Dzha- ropean part of Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, nokmen, 1984).

Figs 24-25. Pachyneuron planiscuta, female. 24, antenna; 25, fore wing venation.

Distribution. Ireland, Sweden, Finland, 3(2). Postmarginal vein distinctly longer than Hungary, Moldavia, European part of Rus- stigmal vein (Fig. 7). Funicular segments 1-4 sia, Kazakhstan. longer than broad, 5-6 quadrate; funicle less stout (Fig. 5) ...... P. erzurumicum 4(1). Fore wing with apical marginal fringe. Pachyneuron solitarium (Hartig), 1838 5(6). Mesosoma weakly arched dorsally; scutel- (Figs 26-29) lum in profile nearly flat, its disc with rather fine sculpture and more shiny, than sides. Ge- Material examined. Kazakhstan: West Ka- nae hardly sharp above bases of mandibles, zakhstan Prov., 4 females, Uralsk town, Ural R. and with a small hollow. Head in frontal view flood lands, swept from herbage, 9 Sept. 1977, about 1.5 times as broad as high. – Female D.K.; Almaty Prov., 2 females, 25 km S of Tur- antenna, Fig. 24; female fore wing venation, gen’ village, Trans-Ili Alatau Mts., swept from Fig. 25 ...... P. planiscuta Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et Mey., 22 July 1971, 6(5). Mesosoma usually moderately to strongly D.K. arched dorsally; scutellum convex and dis- Hosts. Reared from eggs of Dendrolimus tinctly reticulate throughout. Genae usually pini (L.) (Lasiocampidae) (Graham, 1969). distinctly sharp above bases of mandibles, I also identified specimens from eggs of D. and with a larger hollow. Head in frontal pini (Belorussia, Gomel’, July 1965, leg. view usually less transverse. Entin; Georgia, Khashuri, Sept. 1978, leg. 7(16). Lower margin of clypeus slightly emar- Zharkov). ginate or truncate medially (Figs 9, 11, 15, Distribution. Germany, former Czecho- 21, 27), surface of clypeus virtually flat. 8(9). Fore wing with speculum closed below. Up- slovakia, Belorussia, Moldavia, Georgia, per surface of costal cell with a row of hairs Kazakhstan. extending over its distal quarter to one third (Fig. 28). – Female antenna, Fig. 26 ...... Key to species of Pachyneuron from ...... P. solitarium Kazakhstan (modified from Graham, 1969) 9(8). Fore wing with speculum open below. Up- per surface of costal cell often bare. 1(4). Fore wing without apical marginal fringe. 10(11). Scutellum in profile weakly convex. 2(3). Postmarginal vein slightly longer than Propodeum only slightly more than half as stigmal vein (Fig. 22). Funicular segments long as scutellum. Nucha mainly smooth or 1-3 subquadrate, 4-6 transverse; funicle more virtually so, and marked off by very distinct stout (Fig. 20) ...... P. nelsoni constriction. – Female antenna, Fig. 14; fe-

Figs 26-29. Pachyneuron solitarium, female. 26, antenna; 27, lower margin of clypeus and mandibles; 28, part of fore wing; 29, fore wing venation.

male fore wing venation, Fig. 16 ...... 15(14). Fore wing with marginal vein approxi- ...... P. leucopiscida mately as long as, or slightly longer than stig- 11(10). Scutellum in profile more strongly con- mal vein. Basal vein with 2-12 setae. – Female vex. Propodeum often rather longer. Nucha antenna, Fig. 12; female fore wing venation, mainly to entirely reticulate or transversely Fig. 13 ...... P. groenlandicum aciculate. 16(7). Lower margin of clypeus obtuse, rounded 12(13). Costal cell of fore wing on upper surface or angular medially, surface of clypeus con- with row of setae extending over its distal vex (Figs 2, 18). third to half ...... P. grande 17(18). Length of marginal vein 2.7-3 times its 13(12). Costal cell of fore wing on upper surface maximum breadth (Fig. 3); speculum open bare. below. Antennal formula of female 11353 14(15). Fore wing with marginal vein a little (Fig. 1). Metasoma short and broad; meta- shorter than the stigmal vein. Basal vein usu- somal petiole not longer than broad, virtually ally bare, rarely with 1-2 setae. – Female an- smooth. – Male antenna, Fig. 4. . . P. aphidis tenna, Fig. 8; female fore wing venation, Fig. 18(17). Length of marginal vein 4-5 times its 10 ...... P. formosum maximum breadth, speculum closed or nearly

closed below (Fig. 19). Antennal formula of Doğanlar, M. 1986. Morphological studies of the female 11263 (Fig. 17). Metasoma relatively hypopygium and its importance to the taxon- longer; metasomal petiole conspicuously lon- omy of the genera Pachyneuron and Euneura ger than broad, its dorsal surface transversely (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), with descrip- aciculate or aciculate-reticulate ...... tion of a new species of Pachyneuron from ...... P. muscarum Turkey. G.U. Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 4: 23-32. Dzhanokmen, K.A. 1978. Family Pteromalidae. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In: Medvedev, G.S. (ed.). Opredelitel’ naseko- mykh evropeyskoy chasti SSSR. Perepon- I am thankful to S.A. Belokobylskij for chatokrylye [Keys to the insects of the Euro- com menting on the manuscript. Thanks are ex- pean part of the USSR. Hymenoptera], 3(2): pressed to all my colleagues for the specimens 57-228. Leningrad: Nauka. (In Russian). used in this study. Dzhanokmen, K.A. 1984. New data on the hosts of pteromalids (Hymenoptera, Pteromali- REFERENCES dae). Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 63(2): 259-265. (In Russian). Bouček, Z. 1965. A review of the Chalcidoid Gafarov, S. 1979. Syrphid flys is a component of fauna of the Moldavian S.S.R., with de- cotton agrobiocenosis in Tajikistan. Izvestiya scriptions of new species (Hymenoptera). Akademii Nauk Tadzhikskoy SSR, Otdeleniye Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, Biologicheskikh Nauk, 76(3): 41-45. (In Rus- 119(97): 5-37. sian). Bouček, Z. 1970. Contribution to the knowl- Gibson, G.A.P. 2001. The Australian species of edge of Italian Chalcidoidea, based mainly Pachyneuron Walker (Hymenoptera: Chal- on a study at the Institute of Entomology in cidoidea: Pteromalidae). Journal of Hy- Turin, with descriptions of some new Euro- menoptera Research, 10(1): 29-54. pean species. Memorie della Societa Entomo- Graham, M.W.R. de V. 1969. The Pteromali- logica Italiana, 49: 35-102. dae of north-western Europe (Hymenoptera: Bouček, Z. 1977. A faunistic review of the Chalcidoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum Jugoslavian Chalcidoidea (Parasitic Hy- (Natural History), Suppl., 16: 1-908. menoptera). Acta Societatis Entomologicae Hedqvist, K.-J. 1977. Notes on Chalcidoidea XI Jugoslavensis, 13: 1-145. (Hymenoptera). A new species of Habrocytus Bouček, Z. 1981. A biological solution to the Thomson from Sweden and a lectotype selec- identity of a Linnaean chalcid wasp (Hy- tion for Pteromalus groenlandicus Holmgren. menoptera). Entomologist’s Gazetteer, 32: Entomologia Scandinavia, 8: 237-238. 18-20. Noyes, J.S. 1998. Catalogue of the Chalci- Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hy- doidea of the World. CD-Rom. Amsterdam, me noptera). A biosystematic revision of genera The Netherlands: Expert Center for Taxonomic of fourteen families, with a reclassification of Information. species. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. Saakyan-Baranova, A.A., Sugonyaev, E.S. & 832 pp. Shel’ deshova, G.G. 1971. Brown fruit scale é Bouček, Z. & Rasplus, J.-Y. 1991. Illustrated (Parthenolecanium corni Bouch ) and its par- key to West-Palearctic genera of Pteroma- asites (Chalcidoidea). The essay of the com- lidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Paris: plex investigation of host-parasite relations. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomi- Leningrad: Nauka. 166 pp. (In Russian). que. 140 pp. Vikberg, V. 1982. Additions to the chalcid fauna Bouček, Z., Subba Rao & Farooqi S.J. 1979. of Finland (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). A preliminary review of Pteromalidae (Hy- Notulae Entomologica, 62(4): 129-142. menoptera) of India and adjacent countries. Received 13 November 2008 / Revised 12 May 2009 / Oriental Insects, 12(4): 433-467. Accepted 20 May 2009