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49360-001: Big Almaty Ring Road Draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (Appendices) Project Number: 49360-001 September 2018 KAZ: BAKAD PPP Toll Road Project Prepared by Environmental Resources Management (ERM) Eurasia. This environmental and social impact assessment report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Terms of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Appendix 1: Air Quality Impact Assessment 2 ENVIRONMENTAL TOPICS 2.1 AIR QUALITY 2.1.1 Summary of Baseline Findings and Sensitive Receptors The geographical location of the Project area in the foothill of Ile Alatau (Trans-Ili Alatau) influences the climatic characteristics due to the existence of altitudinal zonation and mountain-and-valley air circulation. According to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, the climate within the Project area is defined as 'hot-summer humid continental climate'. The Project area lies in two boreal climate zones, Dfa and Dfb1. The climate of the Project area is characterized by moderately cold winters, fast and humid mid-seasons, hot and dry long summers and relatively increased amount of average annual precipitation (compared to the surrounding area). Mountain winds (with southern component), which bring cold air, are recorded shortly after sunset and continue until sunrise. During the day, the winds from the foothills towards the mountains (the Northern component) prevail. According to the map of climatic zoning of SNiP 2.04-01-2001 (SNiP RK 2.04- 01-2001 construction climatology) the subject area is situated in Climate Area III (Sub-area IIIB) 2. Air quality observations in the area of Almaty city are being conducted by national hydrometeorology service (Kazhydromet) on 11 monitoring stations, in 5 manual sampling points and in 4 points by mobile laboratories. All of them are located in the centre of the city and far from the BAKAD RoW. Air quality monitoring is carried out for the following parameters: particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, phenol and formaldehyde. The exceedances of the average daily MPC (MPCDA) and maximum permissible/allowable non-recurrent concentration (MPCMNR) were recorded during the measurements 1 Dfa = Hot-summer humid continental climate; coldest month averaging below −0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)), at least one month's average temperature above 22 °C (71.6 °F), and at least four months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). No significant precipitation difference between seasons (neither abovementioned set of conditions fulfilled). Dfb = Warm-summer humid continental climate; coldest month averaging below −0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)), all months with average temperatures below 22 °C (71.6 °F), and at least four months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). No significant precipitation difference between seasons (neither abovementioned set of conditions fulfilled). 2 The moderate climate region. The average monthly air temperature in January varies from -5°С to -14°С; the average monthly air temperature in July varies from +21°С to +25°С ERM EURASIA BAKAD ESIA BAKAD CONSORTIUM ESIA REPORT: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES, VOL. III Addition to Vol. II-REV 3 1 In accordance with the information bulletin on the environmental conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2017) (The RGP "Kazhydromet". Department of environmental monitoring) the level of air pollution in the area of Almaty is characterized as increased (API1 - 6 units). Table 2.1-1 Baseline concentrations of air pollutants based on State air quality monitoring network (Kazhydromet data) Air quality Average Average Maximum single Pollutant Baseline criteria2, mg/m3 baseline baseline baseline (hazardous concentration concentration, concentration concentration, substance) in MPCMNR 3 4 3 3 MPCMNR MPCDA mg/m in MPCDA mg/m Nitrogen oxide 0.4 0.06 0.04 0.7 0.70 1.8 Nitrogen 0.2 0.04 0.07 1.8 0.50 2.5 dioxide PM* 0.5 0.15 0.1708 1.1 0.7 1.4 PM-2.5 0.16 0.035 0.009 0.3 0.7 4.4 PM-10 0.3 0.06 0.03 0.5 1.0 3.3 Sulphur dioxide 0.5 0.05 0.056 1.1 1.738 3.5 Carbon 5.0 3.0 0.8 0.3 20 4.0 monoxide Phenol 0.01 0.003 0.0019 0.6 0.014 1.4 Formaldehyde 0.05 0.01 0.0123 1.2 0.049 0.98 Note: * suspended matter - undifferentiated dust/aerosol; 1 ∑ Сi API is calculated using the following formula: I(n) = I(n) = I = (q av i / MPCDA) , where av i is the annual average concentration of pollutant 'i'; MPCDA is the maximum permissible daily average concentration of this pollutant; Ci is a dimensionless coefficient which enables to express the level of harmfulness of pollutant 'i' based on that of sulphur dioxide. The established Ci values of 1.5, 1.3, 1.0 and 0.85 correspond to the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Hazard Class of a given pollutant in proportion to the sulphur dioxide level of harmfulness (Guideline RD 52.04.667-2005 [21]) 2 GN 2.1.6.3492-17 Maximum permissible/allowable concentrations of pollutants in the ambient air of urban and rural settlements (ГН 2.1.6.3492-17 "Предельно допустимые концентрации (ПДК) загрязняющих веществ в атмосферном воздухе городских и сельских поселений") 3 Maximum permissible/allowable concentration, maximum non-recurrent (MPCMNR) is a concentration of a hazardous substance in the air of a residential locality which does not cause, when inhaled for 20-30 minutes, any reflex reactions in a human body 4 Maximum permissible/allowable concentration, daily average (MPCDA) is a concentration of a hazardous substance (mg/m3) in the air of a residential locality which should not have any direct or indirect impact on a human being when inhaled continuously for an indefinitely long period ERM EURASIA BAKAD ESIA BAKAD CONSORTIUM ESIA REPORT: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES, VOL. III Addition to Vol. II-REV 3 2 The assessment of atmospheric quality has been conducted in June 2018 as part of the baseline survey. The following parameters were sampled: concentration of nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter in the air. Atmospheric air sampling was carried out with portable gas analysers "GANK-4" produced by "NPO Pribor", LLC. The survey was performed on 14 points (1-time sampling (20 minutes average) and 4-time sampling (24-hour average) per point) in accordance with the national regulatory requirements1. The location of the air sampling points is shown on the figure below (Figure 2.1-1). Analysis of the air samples showed that the concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and particulate matter in most of the samples were below laboratory detection limit and significantly below the established standards (Table 2.1-2). 1 These include: • RD 52.04.186-89 Guidelines on atmospheric air pollution control (РД 52.04.186-89 Руководство по контролю загрязнения атмосферы) – adopted in Kazakhstan as well (http://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31239132#pos=0;0&sel_link=1006306417) • GOST 17.2.6.02-85 Nature protection. Atmosphere. Automatic gas analyzers for atmospheric air pollution control. General technical requirements (ГОСТ 17.2.6.02-85 Охрана природы. Атмосфера. Газоанализаторы автоматические для контроля загрязнения атмосферы. Общие технические требования); • ST RK 2036-2010 Guidelines on atmospheric air pollution control (СТ РК 2036-2010 Руководство по контролю загрязнения атмосферы); • ST RK 2.302-2014 Determination with gas analyzers of mass concentration of pollutants in ambient air, working zone air and industrial emissions (СТ РК 2.302-2014 Определение массовой концентрации вредных веществ в атмосферном воздухе, в воздухе рабочей зоны, в промышленных выбросах газоанализатором) ERM EURASIA BAKAD ESIA BAKAD CONSORTIUM ESIA REPORT: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES, VOL. III Addition to Vol. II-REV 3 3 Figure 2.1-1 Location of the air quality sampling points ERM EURASIA BAKAD ESIA BAKAD CONSORTIUM ESIA REPORT: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES, VOL. III Addition to Vol. II-REV 3 4 Table 2.1-2 Baseline concentrations of air pollutants based on the analysis of samples undertaken in 2018 Carbon monoxide Sulphur dioxide Nitrogen oxide Nitrogen dioxide PM* Air quality survey points DA MNR DA MNR DA MNR DA MNR DA MNR AP-1 Kyrgauyldy <1.5** <1.5 <0.025 <0.025 <0.03 <0.03 <0.02 <0.02 <0.075 <0.075 AP-2 Bulakty <1.5 <1.5 <0.025 <0.025 <0.03 <0.03 <0.02 <0.02 <0.075 <0.075 AP-3 Soyuzpechat gardener’ partnership <1.5 <1.5 <0.025 <0.025 <0.03 <0.03 <0.02 <0.02 <0.075 <0.075 AP-4 Bereke shift camp <1.5 <1.5 <0.025 <0.025 <0.03 <0.03 <0.02 <0.02 <0.075 <0.075 AP-5 Aksengir <1.5 <1.5 <0.025 <0.025 <0.03 0.31 <0.02 <0.02 <0.075 0.13 AP-6 Nurbereke gardener’ partnership (near Komsomol) <1.5 <1.5 <0.025 0.04 <0.03 0.31 <0.02 <0.02 <0.075 <0.075 AP-7 Yntymak <1.5 <1.5 <0.025 0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.02 <0.02 <0.075 0.01 AP-8 Pokrovka <1.5 <1.5 <0.025 0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.02 <0.02 <0.075 0.2 AP-9 Kyzyl Tu-1 <1.5 <1.5 <0.025 0.05 <0.03 0.05 <0.02 <0.02 <0.075 <0.075 AP-10 Panfilovo shift camp <1.5 <1.5 <0.025 0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.02 <0.02 <0.075 <0.075 AP-11 Panfilovo <1.5 <1.5 <0.025 0.04 <0.03 <0.03 <0.02 <0.02 <0.075 <0.075 AP-12 Kyzylkairat <1.5 <1.5 <0.025 0.04 <0.03 <0.03 <0.02 <0.02 <0.075 <0.075 AP-13 Issyk gardener’ partnership (Issyk quarry) <1.5 <1.5 <0.025 <0.025 <0.03 <0.03 <0.02 <0.02 <0.075 <0.075 AP-14 Kargaly (Fabrichny quarry) <1.5 <1.5 <0.025 <0.025 <0.03 <0.03 <0.02 <0.02 <0.075 <0.075 MPC (National) 3 5 0.05 0.5 0.06 0.4 0.04 0.2 0.15 0.5 IFC (WHO) Guideline value - 100 0.05 0.5 - - - 0.2 - - Note: * - suspended matter - undifferentiated dust/aerosol; ** < - below laboratory detection limit ERM EURASIA BAKAD ESIA BAKAD CONSORTIUM ESIA REPORT: TECHNICAL APPENDIXES, VOL.
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