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INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be fromany type of conçuter printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margfnc, and in^oper alignment can adversely afreet reproductioiL In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note wQl indicate the deletioiL Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overl^s. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the bade of the book. Photogrzq)hs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for aiy photographs or illustrations ^jpearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800.'521-0600 LEGISLATIVE-EXECUTIVE RELATIONS IN A NEWLY-CONSOLIDATED DEMOCRACY: THE CASE OF SPAIN DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Lynn M. Maurer, B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1995 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Richard Gunther Samuel Patterson Advisor Goldie Shabad Department of Political Science UMI N um ber: 9544635 UMI Microform 9544635 Copyright 1995, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Copyright by Lynn M. Maurer 1995 To Mark and Salena and My Parents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to my dissertation chair, Dr. Richard Gunther, whose skill and knowledge 1 have come to greatly admire during my time at The Ohio State University. I would like to thank him for his support and guidance and for serving as an excellent role model for any aspiring political scientist. 1 have also been most fortunate to work under Dr. Samuel Patterson and Dr. Goldie Shabad, both of whom have been very encouraging and helpful. I would also like to acknowledge the support of the Program for Cultural Cooperation Between Spain’s Ministry of Culture and United States’ Universities, the Graduate Student Alumni Research Awards and the Latin American Studies Program Travel Grants of The Ohio State University, and The Ohio State University Columbian Quincentenary Committee. In Spain, of the many people were very helpful in helping me obtain information, I would like to especially thank Manuel Gonzalo, Director of Studies and Documentation at the Congress of Deputies, Jaime Mariscal de Gante y Mirdn of the Spanish Ministry of Relations with the Cortes, Enrique Amaldo Alcubilla, Leu&do de las Cortes Générales, and Maite Guezala, as well as Professors Juan de Dios Izquierdo Collado, Miguel Angel Ruiz de Aziia, José Ramdn Montero and Joan Marcet i Morera. I am also most grateful in for the many parliamentarians and government ministers who provided invaluable information through interviews. Many friends were supportive throughout the process, namely Ilze Barobs, Phillip Hinz, Neovi Karakatsanis, Paula Markovich, and Terri Waugh. I would like to thank everyone in the Maurer family, especially my parents, Richard and Judythe Maurer, and my sister, Karen Maurer Buening. Finally, I most appreciate the support of those closest to me, my husband, Mark Weikle, and my daughter, Salena Weikle Maurer, who due to my long hours at work, learned to say the word "dissertation" before the age of two. IV VITA June 15, 1960.................................... Bora - Salem, Ohio 1982 ................................................... B.A., Spanish Otterbein College Westerville, Ohio 1985 ................................................... M.A., The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 1988-1991 & 1995..................................................Graduate Teaching Assistant Department of Political Science The Ohio State University FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Political Science TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION..................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................. iü VITA ................................................................................................................................. V LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ ix LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................................. x CHAPTER PAGE I INTRODUCTION..................................................................................... I Existing Frameworks for Comparisons................................................ 4 The Nature of Legislative-Executive Relations .................................. 6 Measuring the Influence of the Legislature ....................................... 8 Factors Expected to Affect Parliamentary Influence.............................10 Standard Factors Affecting Parliamentary Influence ..........................II Size of Government Majority or Minority in the Parliament .............................................................................11 Degree of Party U nity..........................................................................13 Specialization and Influence of the Committee System ..................15 Contextual Factors Affecting Parliamentary Influence....................... 18 Special Requirements and Conditions of the Process of Democratic Consolidation........................................... 18 Formal Rules; The Constitution and Standing Orders of the Parliament and Their Applications.....................................21 Involvement in Supranational Organizations and the Structure of the State................................................................. 23 Nature of Legislation ......................................................................... 25 Summary and Explanation of Data ........................................................ 27 VI II HISTORY OF THE CORTES AND THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY..................................................................................30 The Cortes under Franco..........................................................................30 The Franquist Regime . 41 The Cortes in Transition ..........................................................................44 The Electoral Law and the Development of the Party System .... 46 The Communist P a rty............................................................................ 48 The Socialist Workers’ P a rty.................................................................50 The C en trists...........................................................................................51 The Popular Alliance .............................................................................53 The Basque Nationalist P arty................................................................. 54 Catalan regionalist parties.......................................................................55 The Development of Legislative-Executive Relations ..........................55 The Constituent Legislature ....................................................................57 The Consolidation of D em ocracy........................................................... 60 III HOW INFLUENTIAL IS THE SPANISH PARLIAMENT?.............62 The Makeup of the Legislature, 1979-1993 ....................................... 64 Identifying parties involved .......................................................................66 Indicators of Parliamentary Influence......................................................67 Level of activity .....................................................................................67 Ability to reject and pass legislation ...................................................72 Ability to influence Government a g en d a............................................. 84 Ability to modify executive legislation................................................ 89 Modification through prior negotiations.......................................... 90 Modifications during parliamentary p ro cess.....................................93 Quantity of Amendments.............................................................. 94 Substantive Amendments .............................................................. 95 Negotiated Am endm ents .............................................................. 97 How modifications are negotiated ......................................... 100 Conclusion ............................................................................................ 105 Vll IV PARLIAMENTARY GROUP SIZE, PARTY UNITY, AND THE COMMITTEE SYSTEM .............................................

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