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Åtgärdsprogram För Tumlare Åtgärdsprogram för tumlare Phocoena phocoena Havs- och vattenmyndighetens rapport 2021:XX 1 Havs- och vattenmyndigheten Datum: åååå-mm-dd Ansvarig utgivare: Jakob Granit Omslagsfoto: Susanne Viker ISBN XXXX-XXXX Tryck: Eventuellt tryckeri Havs- och vattenmyndigheten Box 11 930, 404 39 Göteborg www.havochvatten.se Åtgärdsprogram för tumlare Phocoena phocoena Havs- och vattenmyndighetens rapport 2021:XX Förord Göteborg, månad, 2021 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxx Chef för Avdelningen för vattenförvaltning Fastställelse, giltighet, utvärdering och tillgänglighet Hav- och vattenmyndigheten beslutade den xx april, 2021 (Dnr 3591-20), att fastställa åtgärdsprogrammet för tumlare. Programmet är ett vägledande, ej formellt bindande dokument och gäller under åren 2021−2025. Utvärdering och/eller revidering sker under det sista året programmet är giltigt. Om behov uppstår kan åtgärdsprogrammet utvärderas och/eller revideras tidigare. På www.havochvatten.se kan det här och andra åtgärdsprogram laddas ned. INNEHÅLL FASTSTÄLLELSE, GILTIGHET, UTVÄRDERING OCH TILLGÄNGLIGHET ................... 5 SAMMANFATTNING ........................................................................................ 9 SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 10 ARTFAKTA .................................................................................................. 11 Artbeskrivning och identifiering ........................................................................11 Beskrivning av arten ........................................................................................11 Underarter och populationer ...........................................................................11 Förväxlingsarter.............................................................................................. 13 Bevaranderelevant genetik ................................................................................ 15 Genetisk variation och genetiska problem ..................................................... 15 Biologi och ekologi ............................................................................................. 16 Livscykel ......................................................................................................... 16 Livsmiljö ......................................................................................................... 16 Artens lämplighet som signal- eller indikatorart ........................................... 20 Utbredning och populationsstatus .................................................................... 21 Historik och trender ....................................................................................... 21 Orsaker till tillbakagång ................................................................................. 23 Aktuell utbredning ..........................................................................................39 Aktuella populationsfakta ............................................................................... 43 Aktuell hotsituation ........................................................................................43 Troliga effekter av olika förväntade klimatförändringar ................................ 52 Skyddsstatus i lagar och konventioner .............................................................. 53 Nationella regelverk ........................................................................................ 54 EU-lagstiftning ............................................................................................... 54 Internationella konventioner och aktionsprogram (Action plans) ................. 55 Marin förvaltning och fiskeregleringar .............................................................. 61 Nationella regelverk ........................................................................................ 61 EU-lagstiftning ...............................................................................................62 EU-förordningar relaterade till att minimera bifångster av tumlare i yrkesfisket .......................................................................................................63 Övriga fakta .......................................................................................................66 Utvärdering av tidigare åtgärdsprogram ........................................................66 Resultat från sårbarhetsanalyser ....................................................................66 Lärdomar från bifångstreglering .................................................................... 67 Samverkan ...................................................................................................... 71 Obduktion och insamling av döda tumlare .................................................... 71 6 Inventeringar .................................................................................................. 73 Bifångster ........................................................................................................ 74 Undervattensbuller ......................................................................................... 79 VISION OCH MÅL ......................................................................................... 82 Vision ............................................................................................................. 82 Långsiktigt mål .............................................................................................. 82 Kortsiktigt mål ............................................................................................... 82 Bristanalys ..................................................................................................... 84 ÅTGÄRDER OCH REKOMMENDATIONER ......................................................... 85 Beskrivning av åtgärder ..................................................................................... 85 Information och rådgivning ............................................................................ 85 Samverkansåtgärder ....................................................................................... 87 Utbildning ...................................................................................................... 88 Ny kunskap .................................................................................................... 88 Inventering .....................................................................................................92 Omprövning av gällande bestämmelser ......................................................... 92 Områdesskydd ................................................................................................94 Skötsel, restaurering och nyskapande av livsmiljöer ...................................... 94 Åtgärder för att minska direkt mänsklig påverkan ......................................... 95 Övervakning .................................................................................................... 97 Uppföljning .................................................................................................... 98 Allmänna rekommendationer ......................................................................... 101 Åtgärder som kan skada eller gynna tumlare ............................................... 101 Finansieringshjälp för åtgärder .................................................................... 101 Utsättning av arter i naturen för återintroduktion, populationsförstärkning eller omflyttning ........................................................................................... 102 Myndigheterna kan ge information om gällande lagstiftning ...................... 102 Råd om hantering av kunskap om observationer ......................................... 103 KONSEKVENSER OCH SAMORDNING ........................................................... 103 Konsekvenser ................................................................................................... 103 Åtgärdsprogrammets effekter på olika naturtyper och på andra rödlistade arter .............................................................................................................. 103 Intressekonflikter ......................................................................................... 104 Samordning ..................................................................................................... 104 Samordning som bör ske med andra åtgärdsprogram ................................. 104 Samordning som bör ske med miljöövervakningen och annan uppföljning än ÅGP:s ............................................................................................................ 104 KÄLLFÖRTECKNING - EJ ZOTERO ............................................................... 106 KÄLLFÖRTECKNING - ZOTERO ................................................................... 107 BILAGA 1. FÖRESLAGNA ÅTGÄRDER ........................................................... 128 8 Sammanfattning Detta åtgärdsprogram är vägledande men inte legalt bindande. Tumlare (Phocoena phocoena) förekommer i kalla och tempererade vatten på norra halvklotet. I svenska vatten finns tre populationer: Nordsjö-, Bälthavs- och Östersjöpopulationen. Östersjöpopulationen är klassad som Akut Hotad (CR) av Artdatabanken, Helcom och IUCN. Antalet Östersjötumlare skattades 2011–2013 till endast 497 individer (95 % konfidensintervall 80– 1091). Bälthavspopulationen är klassad som Sårbar (VU) av Helcom, men den är inte upptagen på den svenska rödlistan. Arten klassas som Livskraftig
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