DOCSLIB.ORG

Gynerium Sagitatum Aubl

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gynerium Sagitatum Aubl ORIGINAL ARTICLE Effect of different substrates on acclimatization and costs of arrow cane (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.) micropropagated plants Efecto de diferentes sustratos en la aclimatación y costos de plantas micropropagadas de caña flecha (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl). Isidro E. Suárez1* ; José E. Yépez1 ; Claudia M. López1 Recibido para publicación: 05 de agosto de 2019 - Aceptado para publicación: 27 diciembre de 2019 ABSTRACT RESUMEN To reduce costs associated to ex vitro adaptation of arrow Con el fin de reducir los costos de adaptación ex vitro cane (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.) plants Cv “Criolla”, the de plantas micropropagadas de caña flecha (Gynerium effect of three substrate mixes (Peat, peat + river sand and sagitatum Aubl.) cultivar “Criolla”, el efecto de tres peat + rice husk) on survival, plant height and substrate sustratos (Turba, turba + arena y turba + cascarilla de associated plant cost were evaluated. Plants were arroz) sobre la supervivencia, el crecimiento y el costo micropropagated in semisolid MS medium supplied de las plantas asociado al sustrato fueron evaluados. Las -1 with 0.5 mg L BAP. After medium removal, plants were plantas fueron micropropagadas en medio MS semisólido transferred on 72-plug plastic trays filled with the adicionado con 0.5 mg L-1 de BAP. Después de remover respective substrate treatment. Trays were covered with el medio de cultivo, las plantas fueron transferidas en translucent plastic covers during three days. bandejas plásticas de 72 alveolos dispensadas con la Thereafter, plants were maintained in a 50% light shade mezcla de sustrato respectiva. Las bandejas fueron house, fog irrigated twice a day for 1 minute each during cubiertas con tapas plásticas transparentes durante 3 días. 8 weeks. Treatments were distributed in with a complete Las plantas fueron mantenidas en una casa malla con randomized block design. Data were analyzed with polisombra del 50% de luminosidad y dos riegos diarios ANOVA and means were separated with Tukey´s mean de 1 minuto cada uno por nebulización durante 8 semanas. separation test. Results allowed to evidence that peat El diseño utilizado fue el de bloques al azar, los datos fueron + sand resulted in significant increase in survival, plant analizados con ANOVA y los promedios separados con la height and approximately 35% decrease in substrate prueba de separación de medias de Tukey. Los resultados associated plant cost during acclimatization to ex vitro permitieron evidenciar que la mezcla de sustrato formada conditions. por turba + arena resultó en incrementos significativos en el porcentaje de supervivencia, altura de planta y redujo en >35% el costo final de las plantas asociado al uso de sustrato durante la adaptación a las condiciones ex vitro. Keywords: Arrow cane; Micropropagation; Plantlet; Palabras clave: Caña flecha; Micropropagación; Plantas Survival; Transplant ex vitro. adaptadas; Supervivencias; Trasplante ex vitro. Cómo citar 1 Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia. Suárez, I.E, Yepez, J.E and López, C.M. 2020. Effect of *Autor para correspondencia: Ph.D. Isidro Elias Suárez. different substrates on adaptation of arrow cane (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.) micropropagated plants. Temas Agrarios 25(1): Email: [email protected] 77- 84 https://doi.org/10.21897/rta.v25i1.2210 Temas Agrarios 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.es), which allows copying, redistribution, remixing, transformation and creation from the material, on a non-commercial way, with appropriate credit and licensing to the authors of the work. Temas Agrarios. Enero - Junio 2020; Vol. 25. No. 1, pp. 77-84 | ISSNe 2389-9182 | https://doi.org/10.21897/rta.v25i1.2210 77 Suárez et al. - Acclimatization of arrow cane micropropagated plants INTRODUCTION show micropropagation throughout culture of explants with pre-existing meristems as an Arrow cane (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl., efficient alternative method for mass clonal 2x = 2n = 72) is a Poaceae species whose plants propagation due to high multiplication rates, in the Americas grow between 0 and 1700 genetic stability and complete plantlet recovery (masl) from Central America, the Antilles to (Suárez, et al., 2009; Pastrana and Suárez, Bolivia and Paraguay. In Colombia, arrow cane 2009; Suárez, 2019b). Despite benefits of plants grow in the West Planes, Central Andean micropropagation for large production of clonal region and the Caribbean Coast where it is plant material, costs of micropropagated plants cared by aboriginal communities established in are still a disadvantage for low cost agricultural the flatlands of Córdoba and Sucre departments systems such as arrow cane cultivation. To since ancient times (GRIN, 2019; Suárez, lower costs in arrow cane micropropagation, 2019a). Arrow cane plants are perennial, giant conventional semisolid culture media rhizomatous, reed grass with low part of the compared to double phase medium system culms clothed with bladeless sheaths and upper were evaluated; shoot costs were reduced by part with unfold leaf blades and open fan- 40% when plants were proliferated in double shaped form. Culms range from 5-14 m long phase medium (López and Suárez, 2018). and die after flowering. Leaves are bright green 160-230 cm long and 8-14 cm wide; culms Likewise, ex vitro transfer and hardening of can form as much as 200 leaves during life time micropropagated arrow cane plants without with 19-28 fresh blades at any time (Kalliola, transparent plastic covers not only reduced labor et al., 1992). Aerial stems are underground costs, but also increased plant growth without interconnected by a net of leafy rhizomes with affecting plant survival (Pico, 2019). Transplant shoots at the end point that grow at a distance to ex vitro conditions is the most critical stage 15-20 cm from the original culm. Both, aerial for plant survival in micropropagation (Suárez, and underground, structures serve as colonizers et al., 2020). Ex vitro acclimatization of arrow of new territories at the same time that prevent cane micropropagated plants has traditionally soil erosion (Contreras, et al., 1998; Kalliola, been done by transferring in vitro grown plants et al., 1992; Suárez, et al., 2013). The leaf into high cost peat substrate because of high central nerve is the raw material used by natives water retention that contributes to full plant to make a colorful variety of worldwide known recovery (Suárez, et al., 2013; Suárez, et al., handicraft, included “Sombrero Vueltiao” raised 2020). Substrate mixes are intended to provide as Colombian Cultural Symbol by Congress: support to the plants, retain moisture, allow Arrow cane crafts are considered an antique drainage and provide nutrients, especially for mechanism for religious, artistic and political root growth and development; however, using expression and a legacy of the Zenú tribe of locally available materials such as sand, crops Indians (Artesanías de Colombia, 2019). residues, compost, rice husk and soil contribute to lower substrate associated costs (Dias, Large scale cultivation of arrow cane plants et al., 2018; Pascual, et al., 2018; Waman, et al. to produce fiber for craft activities has been 2019). In the present research, the effect of peat hindered by the lack of an efficient plant and two substrate mixes on plant recovery and propagation system. Seeds are highly unviable growth were evaluated and cost associated with and cuttings need large stem pieces to root the ex vitro acclimatization stage calculated. (González, 1997). This situation has increased pressure on natural populations as the major source to obtain fiber for crafting. Reports Temas Agrarios. Enero-Junio 2020; 25(1): pp 77-84 78 https://doi.org/10.21897/rta.v25i1.2210 Suárez et al. - Acclimatization of arrow cane micropropagated plants MATERIALS AND METHODS four weeks were removed from the flaks, the medium residue was washed out with sterile Plant material distilled water (Figure 1a) and clusters (3 cm long) were established in plugs previously filled Plant material was obtained from in vitro with the respective substrate mix. In each plug, maintained Cv “Criolla” plants during a year a cluster was placed and the substrate around with monthly transfers to fresh medium. it compacted (Figure 1b). Once transplanted, Explants consisted of three-stem clusters plants were sprayed with sterile distilled water established in semisolid MS (Murashige and and trays were covered with translucent plastic Skoog, 1962) medium with (in mg L-1) BAP covers (Figure 1c). Trays were maintained in a (Benzilaminopurine) (0.5), myo-inositol (100), shade house (50% Saram®) with three sprays sucrose (30000), thiamine HCl (0.4) and a day using sterile distilled water. After three solidified with TC Agar (7000). Medium pH days, plastic covers were side moved to allow was adjusted to 5.7-5.8 with HCl or KOH air exchange; and after five days, trays were previous to agar addition. The medium was uncovered and maintained with fog irrigation sterilized by autoclave at 120 °C and 1,2 twice a day (9:00 AM and 4:00 PM) for 1 minute psi. A single explant was established per 125 each. cm3 borosilicate flask with 30 mL medium aliquots. Flasks were covered with two layers of heavy-duty aluminum foil and sealed with Parafilm®. Cultures were stored at 25 °C with 12 hours photoperiod (40 μmol m-1 s-1) (1a) provided by white cool fluorescent lamps with transfers to fresh medium every four weeks. Substrate preparation and evaluation Three substrate mixes (volume:volume): peat, peat + rice husks (1:1) and peat + sand (1:1) (1b) were prepared and evaluated. Sand was obtained from river shores and washed with potable water followed by sterile deionized water. Peat was obtained from commercially available product (Pindstrup®) while rice husk and sand were locally obtained and disinfected by heat (180 °C) in an oven for 48 hours. Parts were mixed, moistened and covered with (1c) polyethylene during 48 hours before use. Substrate mixes were individually dispensed in 72-plug plastic trays 48 hours before plant transfer to ex vitro conditions.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Plants Prohibited from Sale in South Australia Plants Considered As Serious Weeds Are Banned from Being Sold in South Australia
    Plants prohibited from sale in South Australia Plants considered as serious weeds are banned from being sold in South Australia. Do not buy or sell any plant listed as prohibited from sale. Plants listed in this document are declared serious weeds and are prohibited from sale anywhere in South Australia pursuant to Section 188 of the Landscape South Australia Act 2019 (refer South Australian Government Gazette 60: 4024-4038, 23 July 2020). This includes the sale of nursery stock, seeds or other propagating material. However, it is not prohibited to sell or transport non-living products made from these plants, such as timber from Aleppo pine, or herbal medicines containing horehound. Such products are excluded from the definition of plant, under the Landscape South Australia (General) Regulations 2020. Section 3 of the Act defines sell as including: • barter, offer or attempt to sell • receive for sale • have in possession for sale • cause or permit to be sold or offered for sale • send, forward or deliver for sale • dispose of by any method for valuable consideration • dispose of to an agent for sale on consignment • sell for the purposes of resale How to use this list Plants are often known by many names. This list can help you to find the scientific name and other common names of a declared plant. This list is not intended to be a complete synonymy for each species, such as would be found in a taxonomic revision. The plants are listed alphabetically by the common name as used in the declaration. Each plant is listed in the following format: Common name alternative common name(s) Scientific name Author Synonym(s) Author What to do if you suspect a plant for sale is banned If you are unsure whether a plant offered for sale under a particular name is banned, please contact your regional landscape board or PIRSA Biosecurity SA.
    [Show full text]
  • CATALOGUE of the GRASSES of CUBA by A. S. Hitchcock
    CATALOGUE OF THE GRASSES OF CUBA By A. S. Hitchcock. INTRODUCTION. The following list of Cuban grasses is based primarily upon the collections at the Estaci6n Central Agron6mica de Cuba, situated at Santiago de las Vegas, a suburb of Habana. The herbarium includes the collections made by the members of the staff, particularly Mr. C. F. Baker, formerly head of the department of botany, and also the Sauvalle Herbarium deposited by the Habana Academy of Sciences, These specimens were examined by the writer during a short stay upon the island in the spring of 1906, and were later kindly loaned by the station authorities for a more critical study at Washington. The Sauvalle Herbarium contains a fairly complete set of the grasses col- lected by Charles Wright, the most important collection thus far obtained from Cuba. In addition to the collections at the Cuba Experiment Station, the National Herbarium furnished important material for study, including collections made by A. H. Curtiss, W. Palmer and J. H. Riley, A. Taylor (from the Isle of Pines), S. M. Tracy, Brother Leon (De la Salle College, Habana), and the writer. The earlier collections of Wright were sent to Grisebach for study. These were reported upon by Grisebach in his work entitled "Cata- logus Plant arum Cubensium," published in 1866, though preliminary reports appeared earlier in the two parts of Plantae Wrightianae. * During the spring of 1907 I had the opportunity of examining the grasses in the herbarium of Grisebach in Gottingen.6 In the present article I have, with few exceptions, accounted for the grasses listed by Grisebach in his catalogue of Cuban plants, and have appended a list of these with references to the pages in the body of this article upon which the species are considered.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Subfamilial Classification of the Grasses (Poaceae) Author(S): Grass Phylogeny Working Group, Nigel P
    Phylogeny and Subfamilial Classification of the Grasses (Poaceae) Author(s): Grass Phylogeny Working Group, Nigel P. Barker, Lynn G. Clark, Jerrold I. Davis, Melvin R. Duvall, Gerald F. Guala, Catherine Hsiao, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, H. Peter Linder Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 88, No. 3 (Summer, 2001), pp. 373-457 Published by: Missouri Botanical Garden Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3298585 Accessed: 06/10/2008 11:05 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=mobot. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996
    National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary Indicator by Region and Subregion Scientific Name/ North North Central South Inter- National Subregion Northeast Southeast Central Plains Plains Plains Southwest mountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii Indicator Range Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes FACU FACU UPL UPL,FACU Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FAC FACW FAC,FACW Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. NI NI NI NI NI UPL UPL Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. FACU FACU FACU Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. FACU-* NI FACU-* Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. NI NI FACU+ FACU- FACU FAC UPL UPL,FAC Abies magnifica A. Murr. NI UPL NI FACU UPL,FACU Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral FACW+ FAC+ FAC+,FACW+ Abutilon theophrasti Medik. UPL FACU- FACU- UPL UPL UPL UPL UPL NI NI UPL,FACU- Acacia choriophylla Benth. FAC* FAC* Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. FACU NI NI* NI NI FACU Acacia greggii Gray UPL UPL FACU FACU UPL,FACU Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. NI FAC FAC Acacia minuta ssp. minuta (M.E. Jones) Beauchamp FACU FACU Acaena exigua Gray OBL OBL Acalypha bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng. FACW FACW Acalypha virginica L. FACU- FACU- FAC- FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider FACU- FAC- FACU FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm. FAC* NI NI FAC* Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray) Gray FAC* FAC* Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl OBL OBL Acer circinatum Pursh FAC- FAC NI FAC-,FAC Acer glabrum Torr. FAC FAC FAC FACU FACU* FAC FACU FACU*,FAC Acer grandidentatum Nutt.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 5 Phylogeny of Poaceae Based on Matk Gene Sequences
    Chapter 5 Phylogeny of Poaceae Based on matK Gene Sequences 5.1 Introduction Phylogenetic reconstruction in the Poaceae began early in this century with proposed evolutionary hypotheses based on assessment of existing knowledge of grasses (e.g., Bew, 1929; Hubbard 1948; Prat, 1960; Stebbins, 1956, 1982; Clayton, 1981; Tsvelev, 1983). Imperical approaches to phylogenetic reconstruction of the Poaceae followed those initial hypotheses, starting with cladistic analyses of morphological and anatomical characters (Kellogg and Campbell, 1987; Baum, 1987; Kellogg and Watson, 1993). More recently, molecular information has provided the basis for phylogenetic hypotheses in grasses at the subfamily and tribe levels (Table 5.1). These molecular studies were based on information from chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction sites and DNA sequencing of the rbcL, ndhF, rps4, 18S and 26S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), phytochrome genes, and the ITS region (Hamby and Zimmer, 1988; Doebley et al., 1990; Davis and Soreng, 1993; Cummings, King, and Kellogg, 1994; Hsiao et al., 1994; Nadot, Bajon, and Lejeune, 1994; Barker, Linder, and Harley, 1995; Clark, Zhang, and Wendel, 1995; Duvall and Morton, 1996; Liang and Hilu, 1996; Mathews and Sharrock, 1996). Although these studies have refined our concept of grass evolution at the subfamily level and, to a certain degree, at the tribal level, major disagreements and questions remain to be addressed. Outstanding discrepancies at the subfamily level include: 1) Are the pooids, bambusoids senso lato, or herbaceous bamboos the
    [Show full text]
  • Bonpland and Humboldt Specimens, Field Notes, and Herbaria; New Insights from a Study of the Monocotyledons Collected in Venezuela
    Bonpland and Humboldt specimens, field notes, and herbaria; new insights from a study of the monocotyledons collected in Venezuela Fred W. Stauffer, Johann Stauffer & Laurence J. Dorr Abstract Résumé STAUFFER, F. W., J. STAUFFER & L. J. DORR (2012). Bonpland and STAUFFER, F. W., J. STAUFFER & L. J. DORR (2012). Echantillons de Humboldt specimens, field notes, and herbaria; new insights from a study Bonpland et Humboldt, carnets de terrain et herbiers; nouvelles perspectives of the monocotyledons collected in Venezuela. Candollea 67: 75-130. tirées d’une étude des monocotylédones récoltées au Venezuela. Candollea In English, English and French abstracts. 67: 75-130. En anglais, résumés anglais et français. The monocotyledon collections emanating from Humboldt and Les collections de Monocotylédones provenant des expéditions Bonpland’s expedition are used to trace the complicated ways de Humboldt et Bonpland sont utilisées ici pour retracer les in which botanical specimens collected by the expedition were cheminements complexes des spécimens collectés lors returned to Europe, to describe the present location and to de leur retour en Europe. Ces collections sont utilisées pour explore the relationship between specimens, field notes, and établir la localisation actuelle et la composition d’importants descriptions published in the multi-volume “Nova Genera et jeux de matériel associés à ce voyage, ainsi que pour explorer Species Plantarum” (1816-1825). Collections in five European les relations existantes entre les spécimens, les notes de terrain herbaria were searched for monocotyledons collected by et les descriptions parues dans les divers volumes de «Nova the explorers. In Paris, a search of the Bonpland Herbarium Genera et Species Plantarum» (1816-1825).
    [Show full text]
  • Viruses Virus Diseases Poaceae(Gramineae)
    Viruses and virus diseases of Poaceae (Gramineae) Viruses The Poaceae are one of the most important plant families in terms of the number of species, worldwide distribution, ecosystems and as ingredients of human and animal food. It is not surprising that they support many parasites including and more than 100 severely pathogenic virus species, of which new ones are being virus diseases regularly described. This book results from the contributions of 150 well-known specialists and presents of for the first time an in-depth look at all the viruses (including the retrotransposons) Poaceae(Gramineae) infesting one plant family. Ta xonomic and agronomic descriptions of the Poaceae are presented, followed by data on molecular and biological characteristics of the viruses and descriptions up to species level. Virus diseases of field grasses (barley, maize, rice, rye, sorghum, sugarcane, triticale and wheats), forage, ornamental, aromatic, wild and lawn Gramineae are largely described and illustrated (32 colour plates). A detailed index Sciences de la vie e) of viruses and taxonomic lists will help readers in their search for information. Foreworded by Marc Van Regenmortel, this book is essential for anyone with an interest in plant pathology especially plant virology, entomology, breeding minea and forecasting. Agronomists will also find this book invaluable. ra The book was coordinated by Hervé Lapierre, previously a researcher at the Institut H. Lapierre, P.-A. Signoret, editors National de la Recherche Agronomique (Versailles-France) and Pierre A. Signoret emeritus eae (G professor and formerly head of the plant pathology department at Ecole Nationale Supérieure ac Agronomique (Montpellier-France). Both have worked from the late 1960’s on virus diseases Po of Poaceae .
    [Show full text]
  • The Journal of the American Bamboo Society Volume 18
    The Journal of the American Bamboo Society Volume 18 BAMBOO SCIENCE & CULTURE The Journal of the American Bamboo Society is published by the American Bamboo Society Copyright 2004 ISSN 0197– 3789 Bamboo Science and Culture: The Journal of the American Bamboo Society is the continuation of The Journal of the American Bamboo Society President of the Society Board of Directors Gerald Morris Michael Bartholomew Kinder Chambers Vice President James Clever Dave Flanagan Ian Connor Dave Flanagan Treasurer Ned Jaquith Sue Turtle David King Lennart Lundstrom Secretary Gerald Morris David King Mary Ann Silverman Steve Stamper Membership Chris Stapleton Michael Bartholomew Mike Turner JoAnne Wyman Membership Information Membership in the American Bamboo Society and one ABS chapter is for the calendar year and includes a subscription to the bimonthly Magazine and annual Journal. See http://www.bamboo.org for current rates or contact Michael Bartholomew, 750 Krumkill Rd. Albany NY 12203-5976. On the Cover: Otatea glauca L. G. Clark & Cortés growing at the Quail Botanical Garden in Encinitas,CA (See: “A New Species of Otatea from Chiapas, Mexico” by L.G. Clark and G. Cortés R in this issue) Photo: L. G. Clark, 1995. Bamboo Science and Culture: The Journal of the American Bamboo Society 18(1): 1-6 © Copyright 2004 by the American Bamboo Society A New Species of Otatea from Chiapas, Mexico Lynn G. Clark Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1020 U. S. A and Gilberto Cortés R. Instituto Tecnológico de Chetumal, Apartado 267, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México Otatea glauca, a narrow endemic from Chiapas, Mexico, is described as new.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora Digital De La Selva Explicación Etimológica De Las Plantas De La
    Flora Digital De la Selva Organización para Estudios Tropicales Explicación Etimológica de las Plantas de La Selva J. González A Abarema: El nombre del género tiene su origen probablemente en el nombre vernáculo de Abarema filamentosa (Benth) Pittier, en América del Sur. Fam. Fabaceae. Abbreviata: Pequeña (Stemmadenia abbreviata/Apocynaceae). Abelmoschus: El nombre del género tiene su origen en la palabra árabe “abu-l-mosk”, que significa “padre del almizcle”, debido al olor característico de sus semillas. Fam. Malvaceae. Abruptum: Abrupto, que termina de manera brusca (Hymenophyllum abruptum/Hymenophyllaceae). Abscissum: Cortado o aserrado abruptamente, aludiendo en éste caso a los márgenes de las frondes (Asplenium abscissum/Aspleniaceae). Abuta: El nombre del género tiene su origen en el nombre vernáculo de Abuta rufescens Aubl., en La Guayana Francesa. Fam. Menispermaceae. Acacia: El nombre del género se deriva de la palabra griega acacie, de ace o acis, que significa “punta aguda”, aludiendo a las espinas que son típicas en las plantas del género. Fam. Fabaceae. Acalypha: El nombre del género se deriva de la palabra griega akalephes, un nombre antiguo usado para un tipo de ortiga, y que Carlos Linneo utilizó por la semejanza que poseen el follaje de ambas plantas. Fam. Euphorbiaceae. Acanthaceae: El nombre de la familia tiene su origen en el género Acanthus L., que en griego (acantho) significa espina. Acapulcensis: El nombre del epíteto alude a que la planta es originaria, o se publicó con material procedente de Acapulco, México (Eugenia acapulcensis/Myrtaceae). Achariaceae: El nombre de la familia tiene su origen en el género Acharia Thunb., que a su vez se deriva de las palabras griegas a- (negación), charis (gracia); “que no tiene gracia, desagradable”.
    [Show full text]
  • Aliso 23, Pp. 335-348 © 2007, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden A
    Aliso 23, pp. 335-348 © 2007, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden A PRELIMINARY PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE GRASS SUBFAMILY POOIDEAE (POACEAE), WITH ATTENTION TO STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE PLASTID AND NUCLEAR GENOMES, INCLUDING AN INTRON LOSS IN GBSSI JERROLD I DAVIS'"" AND ROBERT J. SORENG^ 'L. H. Bailey Hortorium and Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; ^Department of Botany and U. S. National Herbarium, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA, ([email protected]) ^Corresponding author ([email protected]) Phylogenetic relationships in the grass family (Poaceae), with specific attention to the internal structure of subfamily Pooideae, are analyzed on the basis of nucleotide sequence variation in plastid- encoded genes (ma/K, ndKP, ndhïl, and rhcL,). The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis was examined with attention to the taxonomic distributions of two inversions and an insertion/deletion within ndh¥, the absence of intron 10 of the nuclear gene GBSSI (waxy), and positions of the boundaries between the Short Single Copy (SSC) region and the neighboring Inverted Repeat (IR) regions of the plastid genome, relative to the endpoints of ndh¥ and ndhH, which span these boundaries in some taxa. The PACCAD clade is resolved, and extension of the 3'-end of ndhF from the SSC region into the IR region is interpreted as a synapomorphy of this clade. The BEP clade also is resolved, with Ehrhar- toideae placed as the sister of a clade in which Bambusoideae and Pooideae are sister groups. The loss of GBSSI intron 10 is interpreted as a synapomorphy of Poeae s.l., which includes the traditionally defined tribes Poeae, Aveneae, and Hainardieae, and the results support a novel set of relationships among the tribes of Pooideae, including the placement of Brachypodieae, Bromeae, Triticeae, and Poeae s.l.
    [Show full text]
  • Gynerium)Sagittatum)(Uva)Grass,)Wild)Cane))77)UNITED)STATES Answer Score
    Gynerium)sagittatum)(Uva)grass,)Wild)cane))77)UNITED)STATES Answer Score 1.01 Is&the&species&highly&domesticated? n 0 1.02 Has&the&species&become&naturalised&where&grown? 1.03 Does&the&species&have&weedy&races? 2.01 Species&suited&to&US&climates&(USDA&hardiness&zones;&0Elow,&1Eintermediate,&2Ehigh). 2 2.02 Quality&of&climate&match&data&(0Elow;&1Eintermediate;&2Ehigh). 2 2.03 Broad&climate&suitability&(environmental&versatility). y 1 2.04 Native&or&naturalized&with&mean&annual&precipitation&of&11E60&inches. y 1 2.05 Does&the&species&have&a&history&of&repeated&introductions&outside&its&natural&range? n 3.01 Naturalized&beyond&native&range. n 0 3.02 Garden/amenity/disturbance&weed ? 3.03 Weed&of&agriculture ? 3.04 Environmental&weed ? 3.05 Congeneric&weed n 0 4.01 Produces&spines,&thorns&or&burrs n 0 4.02 Allelopathic 4.03 Parasitic n 0 4.04 Unpalatable&to&grazing&animals 4.05 Toxic&to&animals 4.06 Host&for&recognised&pests&and&pathogens 4.07 Causes&allergies&or&is&otherwise&toxic&to&humans. 4.08 Creates&a&fire&hazard&in&natural&ecosystems 4.09 Is&a&shade&tolerant&plant&at&some&stage&of&its&life&cycle n 0 4.10 Grows&on&any&soil&order&representing&>5%&cover&in&the&US.&& y 1 4.11 Climbing&or&smothering&growth&habit n 0 4.12 Forms&dense&thickets y 1 5.01 Aquatic n 0 5.02 Grass y 1 5.03 Nitrogen&fixing&woody&plant n 0 5.04 Geophyte n 0 6.01 Evidence&of&substantial&reproductive&failure&in&native&habitat 6.02 Produces&viable&seed y 1 6.03 Hybridizes&naturally ? 6.04 SelfEcompatible&or&apomictic 6.05 Requires&specialist&pollinators n 0 6.06 Reproduction&by&vegetative&propagation
    [Show full text]
  • Bamboo Specialization in Amazonian Birds. Andrew Ward Kratter Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1995 Bamboo Specialization in Amazonian Birds. Andrew Ward Kratter Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Kratter, Andrew Ward, "Bamboo Specialization in Amazonian Birds." (1995). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 5964. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/5964 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]