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Plants Prohibited from Sale in South Australia Plants Considered As Serious Weeds Are Banned from Being Sold in South Australia

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Plants prohibited from sale in South Australia

Plants considered as serious weeds are banned from being sold in South Australia. Do not buy or sell any plant listed as prohibited from sale.

Plants listed in this document are declared serious weeds and are prohibited from sale anywhere in

South Australia pursuant to Section 188 of the Landscape South Australia Act 2019 (refer South

Australian Government Gazette 60: 4024-4038, 23 July 2020). This includes the sale of nursery stock, seeds or other propagating material. However, it is not prohibited to sell or transport non-living products made from these plants, such as timber from Aleppo pine, or herbal medicines containing horehound. Such products are excluded from the definition of plant, under the Landscape South Australia (General)

Regulations 2020.

Section 3 of the Act defines sell as including:

••••••••

barter, offer or attempt to sell receive for sale have in possession for sale cause or permit to be sold or offered for sale send, forward or deliver for sale dispose of by any method for valuable consideration dispose of to an agent for sale on consignment sell for the purposes of resale

How to use this list

Plants are often known by many names. This list can help you to find the scientific name and other common names of a declared plant. This list is not intended to be a complete synonymy for each species, such as would be found in a taxonomic revision.

The plants are listed alphabetically by the common name as used in the declaration. Each plant is listed in the following format:

Common name

alternative common name(s)

Scientific name Author

Synonym(s) Author

What to do if you suspect a plant for sale is banned

If you are unsure whether a plant offered for sale under a particular name is banned, please contact your regional landscape board or PIRSA Biosecurity SA.

Invasive Species Unit, Biosecurity SA T 08 8429 0823 E [email protected]

Plants prohibited from sale

African boxthorn

boksdorn, boxthorn

Lycium ferocissimum Miers

Lycium campanulatum E.Mey. ex C.H.Wright Lycium macrocalyx Domin

African feathergrass

beddinggras, Boer lovegrass, curved lovegrass, Catalina lovegrass.

Cenchrus macrourus (Trin.)Morrone

Gymnotrix caudata Schrad. Pennisetum angolense Rendle Pennisetum asperum Schult. Pennisetum exile Stapf & C.E.Hubbard Pennisetum giganteum A.Rich. Pennisetum macrourum Trin. Pennisetum natalense Stapf Pennisetum riparioides A.Rich. Pennisetum validum Mez

African lovegrass

bergsoetgras, Boer lovegrass, fyngras, weeping lovegrass

Eragrostis curvula (Schrader)Nees except for the cultivar 'Consol'

Poa curvula Schrader Poa capensis Steud. Poa filiformis Thunb. Eragrostis capillifolia Nees Eragrostis chloromelas Steud. Eragrostis jeffreysii Hack. Eragrostis procerior Rendle Eragrostis robusta Stent Eragrostis subulata Nees Eragrostis thunbergiana Steud.

African rue

Syrian rue, harmal, isband, esphand, peganum, yüzerlik, luò tuó péng shǔ (骆驼蓬属)

Peganum harmala L.

Harmala multifida All. Harmala peganum Crantz Harmala syriaca Bubani

Aleppo pine

Jerusalem pine, pino d'Aleppo, pino carrasco

Pinus halepensis Mill.

Pinus abasica Carrière Pinus arabica Sieber ex Spreng. Pinus carica D.Don Pinus genuensis J.Cook Pinus hispanica J.Cook Pinus loiseleuriana Carrière Pinus maritima Mill. Pinus parolinii Vis. Pinus penicillus Lapeyr. Pinus pseudohalepensis Denhardt ex Carrière Pinus saportae Rouy

Alisma

narrow-leaved water plantain

Alisma lanceolatum With.

Alisma plantago-aquatica var. lanceolatum (With.) Lej. Alisma stenophyllum Sam.

Alkali sida

alkali mallow, ivy-leaf sida

Malvella leprosa (Ortega)Krapov.

Malva leprosa Ortega Sida leprosa (Ortega)Schumann Malva hederacea Douglas ex Hook.

Sida hederacea (Douglas ex Hook.) Torrey ex A.Gray

Alligator weed

pigweed

Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.)Griseb.

Bucholzia philoxeroides Mart. Telanthera philoxeroides (Mart.)Moq. Achyranthes philoxeroides (Mart.)Standley Alternanthera philoxerina Suess. Celosia amphibia Salzm.ex Moq.

Apple of Sodom

Solanum linnaeanum Hepper & P.-M.L.Jaeger

Solanum astrophorum Jan Solanum hermannii Dunal Solanum sodomaeum var. hermannii (Dunal) Dunal

Arum lily

calla lily, lily of the Nile, pig lily, richardia, St. Joseph's lily, trumpet lily, green goddess, white arum lily

Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.)Spreng.

Calla aethiopica L. Calla ambigua Salisb. Colocasia aethiopica (L.) Link Richardia aethiopica (L.) Spreng. Richardia africana Kunth

Asparagus fern

myrsiphyllum, climbing asparagus, snakefeather

Asparagus scandens Thunb.

Asparagus pectinatus DC. Asparagopsis scandens (Thunb.)Kunth Myrsiphyllum scandens (Thunb.)Oberm.

Athel pine

athel tree, flowering cypress, salt cedar, tamarisk

Tamarix aphylla (L.)H.Karst

Thuja aphylla L. Tamarix articulata Vahl Tamarix orientalis Forssk.

Austrocylindropuntia

cane cactus, Eve's pin cactus

Austrocylindropuntia Backeb., all species, including

Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica (Lam.) Backeb. Austrocylindropuntia floccosa (Salm-Dyck ex Winterfeld) F.Ritter Austrocylindropuntia subulata (Muehlenpf.) Backeb. Austrocylindropuntia vestita (Salm-Dyck) Backeb.

Azarola

azarola thorn, azarole, Mediterranean medlar, Neapolitan medlar, za'rur

Crataegus × sinaica Boiss.

Crataegus azarola L. var. sinaica (Boiss.)Lange Crataegus montesantosii Diap. Mespilus monogyna var. sinaica (Boiss.) Wenz.

Bathurst burr

burrweed, cat's eggs, common cocklebur, daggerweed, prickly burrweed, spiny burrweed, spiny clotburr, spiny cocklebur, sheep's burr, thorny burrweed

Xanthium spinosum L.

Acanthoxanthium spinosum (L.) Fourr. Xanthium ambrosioides Hook. & Arn. Xanthium canescens (Costa) Widder Xanthium catharticum Kunth Xanthium multifidum Larrañaga Xanthium xanthocarpon Wallr.

Bellyache bush

cotton-leaf physic nut, red physic nut, purging nut, red fig-nut flower, wild cassava, black physic nut, danmar menah, faux manioc, pinhão roxo

Jatropha gossypiifolia L.

Adenoropium gossypiifolium (L.) Pohl Jatropha elegans (Pohl) Klotsch Manihot gossypiifolia (L.) Crantz

Berry heath

berry flower heath

Erica baccans L.

Erica bacciformis Salisb. Erica moniliformis Salisb.

Bifora

carrot weed, bird’s eye, European bishop

Bifora testiculata (L.)Sprengel

Anidrum testiculatum  (L.) Kuntze Atrema testiculatum (L.) Miq. Coriandrum testiculatum L. Corion testiculatum (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link Bifora dicocca Hoffm. Bifora flosculosa M.Bieb. Coriandrum didymum Stokes

Bladder campion

blue-root, rattlebox

Silene vulgaris (Moench)Garcke

Behen vulgaris Moench Cucubalus alpinus Lam. Cucubalus behen L. Cucubalus inflatus Salisb. Cucubalus latifolius Mill. Silene cucubalus Wibel Silene inflata (Salisb.)Sm. Silene venosa Asch. Silene wallichiana Klotzsch Silene zawadskii Fenzl

Blue mustard

beanpodded mustard, chorispora, crossflower, musk mustard, purple mustard, Osaka purple mustard greens, tennella mustard, Waitchie weed

Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC.

Cheiranthus taraxacifolius Schrank Chorispermum tenellum R.Br. Crucifera tenella (Pall.) E.H.L.Krause Raphanus tenellus Pall.

Bluebell creeeper

Australian bluebell creeper, native bluebell, purple appleberry, sollya, Western Australian bluebell, Western Australian bluebell creeper

Billardiera fusiformis Labill.

Billardiera elongata Schnizl. Billardiera salicifolia (Marnock) F.Cels Sollya fusiformis (Labill.) Payer Sollya salicifolia Marnock

Billardiera heterophylla (Lindl.) L.W. Cayzer & Crisp

Sollya heterophylla Lindl.

Boneseed

African boneseed, bush-tick berry, Higgins' curse

Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.)T.Norlindh

Osteospermum moniliferum L. Osteospermum pisiferum L. Lepisiphon dentatus Turcz.

Box elder

ash maple, ash-leaf maple, cutleaf maple, elf maple, ghost maple, negundo maple, Manitoba maple, maple ash, red river maple, sugar ash, three-leaved maple

Acer negundo L. excluding the cultivar ‘Sensation’.

Acer fauriei H.Lév. & Vaniot Acer fraxinifolium Nutt. Acer lobatum Raf. Acer nuttallii (Nieuwl.) Lyon Acer trifoliatum Raf.

Acer violaceum (Booth ex G.Kirchn.) Simonkai

Negundo aceroides (L.) Moench Negundo negundo (L.) H.Karst. Negundo texanum (Pax) Rydb.

Bridal creeper

florists' smilax, false smilax, gnarboola, krulkransie, narba, smilax, smilax asparagus

Asparagus asparagoides (L.)Wight

Medeola asparagoides L. Myrsiphyllum asparagoides (L.)Willd. Dracaena medeoloides L.f. Asparagus medioloides (L.f.)Thunb. Asparagus kuisibensis Dinter Asparagus multituberosu s R.A.Dyer

Luzuriaga sewelliae (F.Muell.)K.Krause Myrsiphyllum krausianum Kunth.

Bridal veil

krulkransie, bridal veil asparagus, bridal veil creeper

Asparagus declinatus L.

Myrsiphyllum declinatum (L.)Obermeyer Asparagus decumbens Jacq. Asparagus crispus Lam. Asparagus flexuosus Thunb.

Broad-kernel espartillo

spear grass, Chilean ricegrass, puna grass

Amelichloa caudata (Trin.) Arriaga & Barkworth

Stipa caudata Trin.

Achnatherum caudatum (Trin.) S.W.L. Jacobs & J. Everett

Jarava caudata (Trin.) Peñail. Stipa bertrandii Phil. Stipa litoralis Phil.

Broomrapes

Orobanche, all species except the native Orobanche cernua Loefl. var. australiana (F.Muell. ex Tate) J.M. Black ex G.Beck.); the following introduced broomrapes are known in S.A.: clover broomrape, common broomrape, devil's root, lesser broomrape, small broomrape

Orobanche minor Smith

branched broomrape, hemp broomrape, tobacco broomrape

Orobanche crithmi Bertol. Orobanche maritima Pugsley

branched broomrape

Orobanche ramosa L.

Phelipanche ramosa Pomel Phelypaea ramosa (L.)C.A.Mey. Kopsia ramosa (L.)Dumort. Orobanche mutelii F.W.Schultz,

Orobanche brassicae (Novopokrovsky) Novopokrovsky

Orobanche ramosa subsp. mutelii (F.W.Schultz) Cout. Kopsia ramosa subsp. mutelii (F.W.Schultz) Arcang. Phelypaea ramosa subsp. mutelii (F.W.Schultz) Rouy

Buffel grass

black buffel grass, mamu grass, mamu tjanpi

Cenchrus ciliaris L.

Cenchrus bulbosus Fresen. ex Steud.

Cenchrus glaucus C.R.Mudaliar & Sundararaj

Cenchrus longifolius Hochst. ex Steud. Cenchrus melanostachyus A.Camus Cenchrus rufescens Desf. Pennisetum cenchroides Rich. Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link Pennisetum distylum Guss. Pennisetum incomptum Nees ex Steud. Pennisetum oxyphyllum Peter Pennisetum petraeum Steud. Pennisetum polycladum Chiov. Pennisetum rangei Mez Pennisetum rufescens (Desf.) Spreng.

Cloncurry grass, slender buffel grass

Cenchrus pennisetiformis Hochst. & Steud. ex Steud.

Cenchrus aequiglumis Chiov. Cenchrus rigidifolius Fig. & De Not. Pennisetum pennisetiforme (Hochst. ex Steud.) Wipff

Bulbil watsonia

bugle lily, wild watsonia

Watsonia meriana (L.)Miller var. bulbillifera (J.W.Mathews & L.Bolus) D.A.Cooke

Watsonia bulbillifera J.W.Mathews & L.Bolus

Bundy blackberry

plains blackberrry

Rubus laudatus A.Berger

Rubus ablatus L.H.Bailey Rubus cupressorum Fernald Rubus gattingeri L.H.Bailey Rubus pulchriflorus L.H.Bailey Rubus subtentus L.H.Bailey

Cabomba

Watershield, fanwort, fish grass, Washington grass, Carolina watershield, sui chun

Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray

Nectris caroliniana (A. Gray) Steud. Cabomba aquatica DC. Cabomba australis Speg.

Calomba daisy

chamomile, matricaria, mayweed, sheepbush, stinking daisy, stinking weed, wurmbossie, yellow weed, yellowtop

Oncosiphon suffruticosum (L.)Kellersjö

Chamomilla suffruticosa Rydb. Tanacetum suffruticosum L. Matricaria suffruticosa (L.)Druce Pentzia suffruticosa (L.) J.B.Hutchinson ex Merxm. Cotula tanacetifolia L. Pentzia tanacetifolia (L.) J.B.Hutchinson ex Merxm.

Caltrop

bindii, bull’s head, cathead, cat’s head, devil’s thorn, goats head, gokhru, kanti, Malta cross, Mexican sandbur, puncture vine, yellow vine

Tribulus terrestris L.

Tribulus lanuginosus L. Tribulus saharae A. Chev.

Cane needlegrass

Nassella hyalina (Nees) Barkworth

Stipa hyalina Nees

Stipa avenacea Spreng. ex Trin. & Rupr.

Cape broom

Montpellier broom, French broom, soft broom

Genista monspessulana (L.)L.A.S.Johnson

Cytisus monspessulanus L. Teline monspessulana (L.)C.Koch Genista candicans L. Cytisus candicans (L.)DC. Cytisus kunzeanus Willk.

Carrion flower

starfish plant, carrion flower, toad cactus, toad plant

Orbea variegata (L.) Haw.

Stapelia variegata L. Stisseria variegata (L.) Kuntze

Cats claw creeper

cat's claw climber, cat's-claw vine, catclaw trumpet, funnel creeper, macfadyena, yellow trumpet vine

Dolichandra unguis-cati (L.) L.G.Lohmann

Bignonia unguis-cati L. Doxantha unguis-cati (L.) Miers Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.H. Gentry Bignonia acutistipula Schltdl. Bignonia gracilis Lodd. Bignonia inflata Griseb. Bignonia triantha DC. Bignonia tweediana Lindl. Bignonia unguis L. Dolichandra kohautiana C.Presl Doxantha radicans Miers Spathodea kohautiana (C.Presl) Walp.

Chilean needlegrass

Chilean speargrass

Nassella neesiana (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth

Stipa neesiana Trin. & Rupr. Stipa contracta Phil. Stipa eminens Nees Stipa setigera J.Presl Stipa trachysperma Phil.

Climbing asparagus fern

lace fern, ferny asparagus

Asparagus plumosus Baker

Protasparagus plumosus (Baker) Oberm.

Coastal teatree

Victorian teatree

Leptospermum laevigatum (Gaertn.) F.Muell. excluding the cultivars ‘Fore Shore’ and ‘Shore Tuff’.

Fabricia laevigata Gaertn. Fabricia myrtifolia Sieber ex Benth.

Common lantana

kamara lantana, largeleaf lantana, lantana, pink-flowered lantana, redflowered sage

Lantana camara L.

Camara vulgaris Benth. Lantana aculeata L. Lantana antidotalis Schumach. & Thonn. Lantana crocea Jacq. Lantana flava Medik.

Lantana hirsuta M. Martens & Galleotti

Lantana hybrida Hort. ex Neub. Lantana mista L. Lantana nivea Vent. Lantana sanguinea Medik. Lantana splendens Medik. Lantana viburnoides Blanco

These species names have also been used as varietal names within L.. camara.

Coolatai grass

dektamboekiegras, common thatching grass, South African bluestem

Hyparrhenia hirta (L.)Stapf

Andropogon hirta L. Cymbopogon hirtus (L.)Thomson Sorghum hirtum (L.)Kuntze Trachypogon hirtus (L.)Nees Andropogon giganteus Tenore Hyparrhenia pubescens (Andersson) Chiov.

Has sometimes been called Tambookie grass in SA

Creeping knapweed

hardhead thistle, hardheads, Russian knapweed

Rhaponticum repens (L.)Hidalgo

Centaurea repens L. Arcoptilon repens (L.)DC. Acroptilon picris (Pallas ex Willd.)DC. Acroptilon angustifolium Cass. Acroptilon australe Iljin Acroptilon obtusifolium Cass. Acroptilon serratum Cass. Centaurea picris Pallas ex Willd. Serratula picris (Pall. ex Willd.) M.Bieb.

Cutleaf mignonette

wild mignonette, yellow mignonette, gelbe wau

Reseda lutea L.

Reseda benitoi Sennen Reseda clausa Muell.-Arg. Reseda difformis Moench Reseda fluminensis Simonkai Reseda gracilis Tenore Reseda macedonica Form. Reseda mediterranea L. Reseda mucronata Tineo Reseda nainii Maire Reseda neglecta Muell.-Arg. Reseda othryana Form. Reseda podolica Rehm. Reseda ramosissima Pourr. ex Willd. Reseda truncata Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Reseda vinyalsi Sennen Reseda vivantii P.Monts. Reseda vulgaris Mill.

Cylindropuntia

chain-link cactus, coast cholla, coral cactus, devil’s rope, Hudson pear, jumping cholla, Klein’s cholla, pencil cactus, rose cactus, snake cactus.

Cylindropuntia (Englem.)F.M.Knuth, all species

Desert ash

Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl, excluding the cultivar 'Raywood'

Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa (Willd.) Franco & Rocha Afonso Fraxinus excelsior var. angustifolia (Vahl) Fiori & Paol. Fraxinus excelsior var. oxycarpa (Willd.) Zernov Fraxinus orientalis Colla Fraxinus oxycarpa Willd. Fraxinus parviflora Ten. Fraxinus persica Boiss. Fraxinus rostrata Guss. Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill. Fraxinus salicifolia Colla Fraxinus syriaca Boiss. Ornus rotundifolia (Mill.) Moench

Distichlis

desert saltgrass, inland saltgrass, marsh spikegrass, seashore saltgrass

Distichlis spicata (L.)Greene

Uniola spicata L. Agropyron peruvianum (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. Brizopyrum ovatum Nees ex Steud. Distichlis dentata Rydb. Distichlis deserticola Phil. Distichlis hirsuta Phil. Distichlis maritima Raf. Distichlis mendocina Phil. Distichlis stricta (Torr.) Rydb. Festuca distichophylla Michx. Festuca triticoides Lam. Poa thalassica Kunth

Dodders

Cuscuta species. Apart from the native C. tasmanica and C. victoriana, the following introduced dodders are known from SA:

golden dodder, field dodder, large-seeded alfalfa dodder

Cuscuta campestris Yuncker

Cuscuta arvensis Beyr. ex Engelm. var. calycina (Engelm.) Engelm. Cuscuta gymnocarpa Engelm. Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. calycina Engelm.

red dodder

Cuscuta epithymum (L.)L.

Cuscuta europea L. var. epithymum L.

lesser dodder, small-seeded alfalfa dodder

Cuscuta planiflora Tenore

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  • A Review of Pharmacological Activities of Acacia Nilotica (Linn) Willd W.S.R to Osteoporosis Kamini Kaushal 1 Abstract

    A Review of Pharmacological Activities of Acacia Nilotica (Linn) Willd W.S.R to Osteoporosis Kamini Kaushal 1 Abstract

    Review Article A Review of Pharmacological Activities of Acacia nilotica (Linn) willd W.S.R to Osteoporosis Kamini Kaushal 1 Abstract Medicinal plants have been utilized for the treatment of diseases since creation of earth or before it; in traditional medicine, they still play an important role as effective and have natural origin. Acacia nilotica commonly known as babul belongs to the family Fabaceae and is widely distributed all over India, SriLanka, and Sudan; Egypt is the native country of this plant. Useful parts such as root, bark, leaves, flower, gum, pods, etc., are used in medicines. Different parts of the plant like leaves and fruit contain tannin; flower contains stearic acid, kaempferol-3-glucoside, isoquercetin, leucocyanidin; pod contains tannin, polyphenolic compounds, gum Contains arabic acid combined with calcium, magnesium and potassium. In traditional medicine, it is used for bleeding diseases, prolapsed, leucorrhoea, antihypertensive, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant activity, etc. The present review is an attempt to explore and comprehensively highlight use for osteoporosis, phytochemical properties and pharmacological uses of A. nilotica reported till date. Keywords: Acacia arabica; Acacia nilotica , Pharmacological study, Tannin, Arabic acid, Uses Introduction More than 30% healthcare industry from all over the world relies on medicinal plants. In India, traditional system of medicine such as Ayurveda since ancient times is root of medicine. About 750 species are being utilized in Ayurveda system of medicine and in modern medicine around 30 species only.1 Medicinal plants are playing continuously essential part of Indian system of medicine. Acacia genus belongs to shrubs and trees, subfamily Mimosoideae, 2,3 of the family Fabaceae (Leguminosae).4,5 The species name is nilotica/arebica/scorpioides.
  • Breeding System Diversification and Evolution in American Poa Supersect. Homalopoa (Poaceae: Poeae: Poinae)

    Breeding System Diversification and Evolution in American Poa Supersect. Homalopoa (Poaceae: Poeae: Poinae)

    Annals of Botany Page 1 of 23 doi:10.1093/aob/mcw108, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org Breeding system diversification and evolution in American Poa supersect. Homalopoa (Poaceae: Poeae: Poinae) Liliana M. Giussani1,*, Lynn J. Gillespie2, M. Amalia Scataglini1,Marıa A. Negritto3, Ana M. Anton4 and Robert J. Soreng5 1Instituto de Botanica Darwinion, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2Research and Collections Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 3Universidad de Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia, 4Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologıa Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-UNC, Cordoba, Argentina and 5Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA *For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] Received: 11 December 2015 Returned for revision: 18 February 2016 Accepted: 18 March 2016 Downloaded from Background and Aims Poa subgenus Poa supersect. Homalopoa has diversified extensively in the Americas. Over half of the species in the supersection are diclinous; most of these are from the New World, while a few are from South-East Asia. Diclinism in Homalopoa can be divided into three main types: gynomonoecism, gynodioe- cism and dioecism. Here the sampling of species of New World Homalopoa is expanded to date its origin and diver- sification in North and South America and examine the evolution and origin of the breeding system diversity. Methods A total of 124 specimens were included in the matrix, of which 89 are species of Poa supersect. http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/ Homalopoa sections Acutifoliae, Anthochloa, Brizoides, Dasypoa, Dioicopoa, Dissanthelium, Homalopoa sensu lato (s.l.), Madropoa and Tovarochloa, and the informal Punapoa group. Bayesian and parsimony analyses were conducted on the data sets based on four markers: the nuclear ribosomal internal tanscribed spacer (ITS) and exter- nal transcribed spacer (ETS), and plastid trnT-L and trnL-F.
  • Restricted Invasive Plants of Queensland

    Restricted Invasive Plants of Queensland

    Restricted invasive plants Restricted invasive plants of Queensland Restricted invasive plants of Queensland Hudson pear (Cylindropuntia rosea syn. Cylindropuntia pallida) Fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) Mother-of-millions (Kalanchoe delagoense) Bunny ears (Opuntia microdasys) The new Biosecurity Act The Biosecurity Act 2014 protects Queensland’s economy, Species not listed as restricted may be listed as prohibited biodiversity and people’s lifestyles from the threats posed under the Act or may be listed by a local government level by invasive pests and diseases under local laws. Under the Act, certain species of invasive plants are listed Australian Government legislation administered by the as ‘restricted’ biosecurity matter. Australian Department of Agriculture also applies to the import of all plants into Australia. What is restricted matter? • Mexican bean tree (Cecropia pachystachya, C. palmata and C. peltata) Restricted matter is listed in the Act and includes a range • Mexican feather grass (Nassella tenuissima) of invasive plants that are present in Queensland. These invasive plants are having significant adverse impacts • miconia (M. calvescens, M. cionotricha, M. nervosa in Queensland and it is desirable to manage them and and M. racemosa) prevent their spread, thereby protecting un-infested • mikania vine (Mikania micrantha) parts of the State. • mimosa pigra (Mimosa pigra) The Act requires everyone to take all reasonable and practical measures to minimise the biosecurity risks • bunny ears (Opuntia microdasys) associated with invasive plants and animals under • riverina prickly pear (Opunita elata) their control. This is called a general biosecurity obligation (GBO). • water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea and N. plena). The specific restriction requirements also apply to a Restricted invasive plants that are person when dealing with restricted invasive matter.
  • Early Growth and Survival of Different Woody Plant Species Established Through Direct Sowing in a Degraded Land, Southern Ethiopia

    Early Growth and Survival of Different Woody Plant Species Established Through Direct Sowing in a Degraded Land, Southern Ethiopia

    JOURNAL OF DEGRADED AND MINING LANDS MANAGEMENT ISSN: 2339-076X (p); 2502-2458 (e), Volume 6, Number 4 (July 2019):1861-1873 DOI:10.15243/jdmlm.2019.064.1861 Research Article Early growth and survival of different woody plant species established through direct sowing in a degraded land, Southern Ethiopia Shiferaw Alem*, Hana Habrova Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geo-biocenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3/61300, Brno, Czech Republic *corresponding author: [email protected] Received 2 May 2019, Accepted 30 May 2019 Abstract: In addition to tree planting activities, finding an alternative method to restore degraded land in semi-arid areas is necessary, and direct seeding of woody plants might be an alternative option. The objectives of this study paper were (1) evaluate the growth, biomass and survival of different woody plant species established through direct seeding in a semi-arid degraded land; (2) identify woody plant species that could be further used for restoration of degraded lands. To achieve the objectives eight woody plant species seeds were gathered, their seeds were sown in a degraded land, in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) (n=4). Data on germination, growth and survival of the different woody plants were collected at regular intervals during an eleven-month period. At the end of the study period, the remaining woody plants' dry biomasses were assessed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the data analysis and mean separation was performed using Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) test (p=0.05). The result revealed significant differences on the mean heights, root length, root collar diameters, root to shoot ratio, dry root biomasses and dry shoot biomasses of the different species (p < 0.05).
  • Stapeliads, Morphology and Pollination, Welwitchia 5

    Stapeliads, Morphology and Pollination, Welwitchia 5

    Morfologija in opra{evanje stapelijevk Stapeliads, morphology and pollination Iztok Mulej Matija Strli~ Stapelijevke so so~nice s ~udovitimi cvetovi in Stapeliads are succulents with beautiful flowers vonjem, ki ga taki cvetovi ne zaslu`ijo. Raz{irjene with a smell that does not match their beauty at so ve~inoma v Afriki, dotikajo se Evrope, v Aziji all. Distributed mainly in Africa, a few species can pa imajo tudi precej predstavnikov. Cvetovi so also be found in Europe, and quite a few in Asia. nekaj posebnega, ne samo po bizarni lepoti am- Their flowers are unique, not only due to the pak tudi po zgradbi. Prav tako je tudi opra{itev bizarre beauty, but also due to the unusual repro- samosvoja, saj podobne ne najdemo nikjer drug- ductive structures. Even the pollination mecha- je v rastlinskem svetu. nism has no parallel in the plant kingdom. Klju~ne besede: Keywords: stapelijevke, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Stapeliads, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, mor- morfologija, opra{evanje. fology, pollination. Stapeliads, which are stem succulents, belong World" is the title of the web pages of Jerry to the family Apocynaceae and subfamily As- Barad from New Jersey, USA. The title says clepiadoideae. Until recently, they were everything. The flowers have a beauty and placed into the Asclepiadaceae family. The colour that can only be compared with or- stem shapes are very similar in most genera, chids. And they also share another character- but when they bloom, the beauty of the flow- istic. The pollen mass is fused in a wax pollen ers is striking as well as their unpleasant sack - pollinium, which is transferred by pol- smell! "Stapeliads, Orchids of the Succulent linators to the style.
  • Phylogeny and Subfamilial Classification of the Grasses (Poaceae) Author(S): Grass Phylogeny Working Group, Nigel P

    Phylogeny and Subfamilial Classification of the Grasses (Poaceae) Author(S): Grass Phylogeny Working Group, Nigel P

    Phylogeny and Subfamilial Classification of the Grasses (Poaceae) Author(s): Grass Phylogeny Working Group, Nigel P. Barker, Lynn G. Clark, Jerrold I. Davis, Melvin R. Duvall, Gerald F. Guala, Catherine Hsiao, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, H. Peter Linder Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 88, No. 3 (Summer, 2001), pp. 373-457 Published by: Missouri Botanical Garden Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3298585 Accessed: 06/10/2008 11:05 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=mobot. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

  • TUSSOCK GRASSLAND ASSOCIATIONS One Hundred ‘Years of Farmin,G Have Resulted in Some Marked Changes in the Tussock Grassland Associa- Tions

    TUSSOCK GRASSLAND ASS,OCIATIONS S. H. Saxby, Agrostologist, Department of Agriculture,. Wellington. DISTRIBUTION OF THE; TUSSOCK GRAS’SLANDS At the time colonisation commenced in New Zea- land, about one hundred years ago, there were two main and distinct types of ve,getation. First, there was the tall-growing association of forest trees, shrubs, and fern, which was confined in the main to the North Island and to the higher rainfall areas of the South Island. Second, there was the xerophytic grass-dom- inated association, which was present in the lower rainfall areas on the eastern side of the main divide of the South Island. This association was able to survive under the conditions of low rainfall, high summer temperatures, and low winter temperatures, and the constant desiccating winds. This grass as- sociation extended from high altitudes to sea level and was, in general, present in all areas where forest was unable to survive. A similar association was also present in the high altitudes of the central plateau of the North Island. NATURE OF THE TUSSOCK GRASSLANDS Though the tussock grasslands represent a dis- tinct over-all vegetative association, they are very variable in composition, this variation depending on factors such as moisture, aspect, and soil fertility. There are, however, four grasses the dominance of which can divide the tussock country into as many fairly distinct types. 1. Snow grass (Danthonia flavescens). This tall growing .grass thrives chiefly in the high altitudes, but in the southern parts of the South Island it des- cends to sea level. When allowed to grow unhindered snow grass forms almost pure associations in many areas.
  • Effect of Fire Regime on the Grass Community of the Humid Savanna Of

    Effect of Fire Regime on the Grass Community of the Humid Savanna Of

    Journal of Tropical Ecology Effect of fire regime on the grass community of www.cambridge.org/tro the humid savanna of Lamto, Ivory Coast Kouamé Fulgence Koffi1,2,*, Aya Brigitte N’Dri1, Jean-Christophe Lata2,3, Souleymane Konaté1, Tharaniya Srikanthasamy2, Marcel Konan1 and Research Article Sébastien Barot2 Cite this article: Koffi KF, N’Dri AB, Lata J-C, 1UFR des Sciences de la Nature, Station d’Ecologie de Lamto/CRE, Pôle de Recherche Environnement et Konaté S, Srikanthasamy T, Konan M, and Développement Durable, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire; 2Sorbonne Barot S. Effect of fire regime on the grass Université, UMR 7618 IEES-Paris (IRD, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, UPEC, INRA), 6 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, community of the humid savanna of Lamto, France and 3Department of Geoecology and Geochemistry, Institute of Natural Resources, Tomsk Polytechnic Ivory Coast. Journal of Tropical Ecology University, 30, Lenin Street, 634050, Tomsk, Russia https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467418000391 Received: 6 December 2017 Abstract Revised: 10 November 2018 This study assesses the impact of four fire treatments applied yearly over 3 y, i.e. early fire, mid- Accepted: 11 November 2018 season fire, late fire and no fire treatments, on the grass communities of Lamto savanna, Ivory Keywords: Coast. We describe communities of perennial tussock grasses on three replicated 5 × 5-m or 10 × Fire regimes; humid savanna; perennial grass; 5-m plots of each fire treatment. Tussock density did not vary with fire treatment. The relative savanna fire; tussock circumference; tussock abundance of grass species, the circumference of grass tussocks and the probability of having a density tussock with a central die-back, varied with fire treatment.
  • National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996

    National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996

    National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary Indicator by Region and Subregion Scientific Name/ North North Central South Inter- National Subregion Northeast Southeast Central Plains Plains Plains Southwest mountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii Indicator Range Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes FACU FACU UPL UPL,FACU Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FAC FACW FAC,FACW Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. NI NI NI NI NI UPL UPL Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. FACU FACU FACU Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. FACU-* NI FACU-* Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. NI NI FACU+ FACU- FACU FAC UPL UPL,FAC Abies magnifica A. Murr. NI UPL NI FACU UPL,FACU Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral FACW+ FAC+ FAC+,FACW+ Abutilon theophrasti Medik. UPL FACU- FACU- UPL UPL UPL UPL UPL NI NI UPL,FACU- Acacia choriophylla Benth. FAC* FAC* Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. FACU NI NI* NI NI FACU Acacia greggii Gray UPL UPL FACU FACU UPL,FACU Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. NI FAC FAC Acacia minuta ssp. minuta (M.E. Jones) Beauchamp FACU FACU Acaena exigua Gray OBL OBL Acalypha bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng. FACW FACW Acalypha virginica L. FACU- FACU- FAC- FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider FACU- FAC- FACU FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm. FAC* NI NI FAC* Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray) Gray FAC* FAC* Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl OBL OBL Acer circinatum Pursh FAC- FAC NI FAC-,FAC Acer glabrum Torr. FAC FAC FAC FACU FACU* FAC FACU FACU*,FAC Acer grandidentatum Nutt.