DOCSLIB.ORG

Glossary of T'ien-T'ai/Tendai Terms

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Glossary of T'ien-T'ai/Tendai Terms Glossary of T’ien-t’ai/Tendai Terms © 2013 Paul L. Swanson [as of 25 October 2013; not final version] [This glossary is currently under construction. There are still many gaps, unfilled blanks, inconsistencies, and unanswered questions. Constant revi- sions, additions, emendations, and corrections are under way, aiming for eventual completion at an unknown date in the future. (French terminology and definitions from works by Jean-Noël Robert and Etienne Lamotte) Basic Pattern of Entries: English term *** Chn. Chinese reading (Wade-Giles; Pin-yin) Jpn. Japanese reading Frn. French translation/term Skt. Sanskrit term Def: Definition in English Def-Frn. Definition in French Ref. Major references in T’ien-t’ai-related works and canonical texts see also: Related terms A ability to receive 能契 Chn. neng ch’i; néng qì Jpn. nōkai Frn. Def: the varying capacities of sentient beings to practice and realize enlight- enment. Def-Frn. Ref. Fa-hua hsüan-i, 691a–b absolute 絶待 Chn. chü tai; jué dài Jpn. zettai Frn. absolu Def: Chih-i uses the term “relative” to refer to a sense of something (e.g., for cessation and contemplation) in contrast to or with respect to a compa- rable or opposite item. The term “absolute” is used to indicates its intrinsic meaning without regard to or in contrast to something else. Def-Frn. Ref. Fa-hua hsüan-i, 696b13–c24; Mo-ho chih-kuan 21c21–22b20 1 2 | Swanson (10_2013) see also: relative absolute subtlety 絶待妙 Chn. chü tai miao; jué dài miào Jpn. zettaimyō (zetsudaimyō) Frn. Def: that which is subtle in itself, and not in contrast to that which is crude. Def-Frn. Ref. Fa-hua hsüan-i, 696c24–97b3 see also: relative subtlety actual repentance 事懺 Chn. shih tz’an; shì chàn Jpn. jisan Frn. Def: repentance in deed, the actual performance of confession, or repentance of offenses, in contrast to “ideal repentance,” or repentance in principle. The ceremonial performance of praises, worship, chanting or sutras, and so forth involved in ritual repentance. Def-Frn. Ref. Ssu-chiao-i, 779a18, Mo-ho chih-kuan, 13c22 see also: ideal repentance acquired qualities 修徳 Chn. hsiu te; xiū dé Jpn. shutoku Frn. maintiennent les attributs Def: virtuous qualities attained through practice, in contrast to inherent qualities. Def-Frn. Ref. Mo-ho chih-kuan, 54a25–c8 see also: inherent qualities adapted (teachings) 融通 Chn. jung t’ung; róng tōng Jpn. yūzū Frn. l’intention d’intégrer Def: “adapted” or “fused” teachings, a characteristic feature of the fourth Prajñā Period, where distinctions such as “great” and “small” are removed, or fused, and the intention is to “integrate” the teachings. Def-Frn. Ref. Ssu-chiao-i, 775a23; Gishū, 268c; Mo-ho chih-kuan, 97c17–98a10 see also: adorn and purify the meditation chamber 嚴淨道場 Chn. yen ching tao ch’ang; yán jìng dào chång Jpn. gonjō dōjō Frn. orner et purifier le Lieu de pratique (d’Eveil) Def: one of the ten items involved in the practice of the Lotus Samādhi. Def-Frn. Ref. Mo-ho chih-kuan, 14a6–9; Fa-hua san-mei ch’an-i, 950a25–b7 glossary of t’ien-t’ai/tendai terms | 3 see also: Lotus Samādhi adornment of virtue 福徳道場 Chn. fu te chuang yen; fú dé zhuāng yán Jpn. fukutoku shōgon Frn. les ornements des mérites Skt. puṇya-sambhāra Def: An Abhidharma term, but Chih-i refers to its use in the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra where it speaks of two adornments of a Bud- dha, that of wisdom and virtuous qualities (the other five perfections [pāramitā]). For Chih-i, this is the “condition” [necessary but not sufficient cause] for Buddhahood. Def-Frn. Ref. Nirvāṇa Sūtra, T 12.767b15–c2 ; Fa-hua hsüan-i, 695a9–10; Mo-ho chih- kuan, 11c13, 42a8, 53c19. see also: adornment of wisdom adornment of wisdom 智慧莊嚴 Chn. chih huei chuang yen; zhì huì zhuāng yán Jpn. chie shōgon Frn. l’ornement de la sagesse Skt. jñāna-sambhāra Def: An Abhidharma term, but Chih-i refers to its use in the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra where it speaks of the “two adornments” of a Bud- dha, that of wisdom and that of virtuous qualities (the other five perfec- tions [pāramitā]). According to the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, the śrāvaka, pratyekabuddha, and bodhisattvas up to the ninth bodhisattva stage are adorned with virtue, but only the highest bodhisattvas and the Buddhas are adorned with wisdom. For Chih-i, this is the “cause” of Buddhahood. Def-Frn. Ref. Nirvāṇa Sūtra, T 12.767b15–c2; Fa-hua hsüan-i, 695a9–10; Mo-ho chih- kuan, 11c13, 42a9, 53c18. see also: adornment of virtue; perfect in the adornment of mastery adventitious afflictions 客塵 Chn. k’e ch’en; kè chén Jpn. kyakujin Frn. Skt. *āgantukakleśaprahāṇa Def: An expression for passionate afflictions (kleśa) found in the Vimalakīrti Sūtra. In Chih-i’s scheme of things, these “adventitious afflictions” refer to the surface passionate afflictions that must be severed first, before one attempts to sever the deeper afflictions such as fundamental ignorance. Def-Frn. Ref. Vimalakīrti Sūtra, T 14.545a28; Mo-ho chih-kuan 7c12; see also: fundamental ignorance 4 | Swanson (10_2013) aggregates (skandha), sense entrances (āyatana) and sense realms (dhātu), as objects (of contemplation) 陰入界境 Chn. yin ju chieh ching; yīn rù jiè jìng Jpn. on-nyū-kai-kyō Frn. Skt. skandha-āyatana-dhātu Def: The first of the ten objects of contemplation, the discussion of which takes up more than a third of the entire contents of the Mo-ho chih-kuan. Hurvitz (p. 329): “This refers to the five skandhas, the twelve āyatanas, and the eighteen dhātus … this ching is believed to be ever present, whether being contemplated or not.” Def-Frn. Ref. Mo-ho chih-kuan, 49b, 51c–101c see also: ten objects of contemplation ālaya-consciousness 阿黎耶 Chn. a-li yeh; ā lí yē Jpn. araya Frn. Skt. ālaya-vijñāna Def: the “store consciousness.” A concept of the Yogācāra school, which taught the existence of an underlying consciousness, a “pre-consciousness,” that unifies into one experiential whole all the diverse operations of con- scious activity. Def-Frn. Ref. Mo-ho chih-kuan, 54a26 all wisdom contained in a single thought 一念相應慧 Chn. i nien hsiang ying huei; yī niàn xiāng yìng huì Jpn. ichinen sōō no e Frn. la Sagesse conforme d’une seule pensée Skt. eka-[citta-]kṣana-prayukta-prajñā (samāyukta-prajñā ) Def: one thought in which all insight and wisdom are united. The wisdom of Buddhahood in the Shared Teachings. For all wisdom to be contained in a single thought. Where one’s mind or thoughts correspond to reality as emptiness. Def-Frn. cette expression signifie qu’en une seule pensée (=instant) le bodhisattva se trouve parfaitement conformé (mushō shitai) et se débar- rassé de toutes les imprégnations des passions. C’est l’ultime instant précé- dant l’Eveil pour les bodhisattva de cette doctrine, qui contraste avec les 34 pensées (sanjūshi-shin) par lesquelles doivent passer les bodhisattva de la doctrine des trois corbeilles. Ref. Ssu-chiao-i, 777c23–24; Gishū, 281b see also: analytical method 析法 Chn. hsi fa; xī få Jpn. -shakuho Frn. glossary of t’ien-t’ai/tendai terms | 5 Skt. Def: an analytical method of “breaking down” that involves only an analysis and negative breaking down of conceptualizations, passions, delusions, and so forth; Chih-i criticizes it as an inferior method of contemplation or real- izing emptiness at the level of the Tripitaka Teaching. Def-Frn. Ref. Mo-ho chih-kuan, 24a1 see also: analyze (phenomena) and realize emptiness 析空觀 Chn. hsi k’ung kuan; xī kōng guān Jpn. -shakukūkan (shakushiki nyūkū 析色入空) Frn. contemplation analytique de la vacuité Def: to analyze phenomena and conclude that they are empty; the method of realizing emptiness at the level of the Tripitaka Teaching. Def-Frn. malhabile parce qu’elle ne parvient à la vacuité que par l’analyse de la forme. Ref. Fa-hua hsüan-i, 695b29; Andō, 118; Mo-ho chih-kuan, 7a25–28; Gishū, 266a see also: essential emptiness analogy of the color of milk Def: an analogy in the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra that illustrates the inability of non-Buddhists to understand the Dharma, just as a blind person cannot truly know the color of milk even if compared to a shell, rice, snow, or a white crane. Def-Frn. Ref. Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, 688c15–23 see also: analogy of the three (stages of) illumination 三照喩 Chn. san chao yü; sān zhào yù Jpn. sanshōyu Frn. les trois lieux illuminés Def: an analogy from the Avataṃsaka Sūtra that the rising sun first illu- mines the highest peaks (the preaching of the sūtra) at the time of Bud- dha’s enlightenment), then illumines the dark valleys (the preaching of Hīnayāna doctrines at Benares), and finally illumines the wide plains (preaching the vast Mahāyāna teachings); a way of classifying the Bud- dha’s teaching that overlaps with the analogy of the five flavors (from the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra). Def-Frn. d’abord les hauts sommets (kōzan 高山), puis les vallées (yūkoku 幽谷), et enfin la plaine (heichi 平地); cette dernière phase est divisée en trois afin de faire correspondre cette comparaison aux 5 périodes; a) shokuji 食事, l’heure de repas du matin; b) guchūji 禺中時, “ensoleille- 6 | Swanson (10_2013) ment”; c) shōgo 正午, midi; cette dernière heure correspondant au goût du nectar. Ref. Avataṃsaka Sūtra, T 9.611–631 see also: five flavors annihilationism 斷(滅)見 Chn. tuan (mieh) chien; duàn (miè) jiàn Jpn. dan (metsu no) ken Frn. nihilisme Skt. uccheda-dṛṣṭi Def: 1) the mistaken (materialistic) view that everything is annihilated at the time of death. “Nihilism” or “annihilationism” in contrast to the view that the soul lives on forever (“eternalism”).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tian-Tai Metaphysics Vs. Hua-Yan Metaphysics
    Tian-tai Metaphysics vs. Hua-yan Metaphysics A Comparative Study [Online Version Only] By JeeLoo Liu 2 Tian-tai Metaphysics vs. Hua-yan Metaphysics A Comparative Study Introduction Tian-tai Buddhism and Hua-yan Buddhism can be viewed as the two most philosophically important schools in Chinese Buddhism. The Tian-tai school was founded by Zhi-yi (Chih-i) (538-597 A.D.). The major Buddhist text endorsed by this school is the Lotus Sutra, short for “the Sutra of the Lotus Blossom of the Subtle Dharma.” Hua-yan Buddhism derived its name from the Hua-yan Sutra, translated as “The Flower Ornament Scripture” or as “The Flowery Splendor Scripture.”1 The founder of the Hua-yan school was a Chinese monk named Du-shun (557-640 A.D.). The second patriarch of Hua-yan is Zhi-yan (602-668 A.D.), who studied with Du-shun. However, it is generally acknowledged that the real founder of Hua-yan Buddhism is its third patriarch, Fa-zang (643-712 A.D.). He introduced the division of “the Realm of Principle” and “the Realm of Things,”2 which was developed by Hua-yan’s fourth patriarch Cheng-guan (738-839? A.D.) into the defining thesis for Hua-yan Buddhism – the “four dharma realms”: the Realm of Principle, the Realm of Things,3 the Realm of the Noninterference between Principle and Things, and the Realm of the Noninterference of All Things. 3 In this paper, I shall give a comprehensive explanation of the metaphysical views presented by both Tian-tai and Hua-yan schools.
    [Show full text]
  • Histoire Du Thé Au Japon : Techniques Culturales Et De Fabrication Du Thé À L’Époque Edo Guillaume Hurpeau
    Histoire du thé au Japon : techniques culturales et de fabrication du thé à l’époque Edo Guillaume Hurpeau To cite this version: Guillaume Hurpeau. Histoire du thé au Japon : techniques culturales et de fabrication du thé à l’époque Edo. Histoire. PSL Research University, 2018. Français. NNT : 2018PSLEP059. tel- 02271404 HAL Id: tel-02271404 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02271404 Submitted on 26 Aug 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE DE DOCTORAT de l’Université de recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres PSL Research University Préparée à l’École Pratique des Hautes Études Histoire du thé au Japon : Techniques culturales et de fabrication du thé à l’époque Edo École doctorale de l’EPHE – ED 472 Spécialité : Études de l’Extrême-Orient COMPOSITION DU JURY : M. Guillaume CARRE Maître de conférences, EHESS Rapporteur Mme Annick HORIUCHI Professeur des Universités, Université Paris Diderot Rapporteur Mme Charlotte von VERSCHUER Directeur d’études, EPHE Directrice de recherche Soutenue par : M. François LACHAUD Guillaume HURPEAU
    [Show full text]
  • Discourses on Religious Violence in Premodern Japan
    The Numata Conference on Buddhist Studies: Violence, Nonviolence, and Japanese Religions: Past, Present, and Future. University of Hawaii, March 2014. Discourses on Religious Violence in Premodern Japan Mickey Adolphson University of Alberta 2014 What is religious violence and why is it relevant to us? This may seem like an odd question, for 20–21, surely we can easily identify it, especially considering the events of 9/11 and other instances of violence in the name of religion over the past decade or so? Of course, it is relevant not just permission March because of acts done in the name of religion but also because many observers find violence noa, involving religious followers or justified by religious ideologies especially disturbing. But such a ā author's M notion is based on an overall assumption that religions are, or should be, inherently peaceful and at the harmonious, and on the modern Western ideal of a separation of religion and politics. As one Future scholar opined, religious ideologies are particularly dangerous since they are “a powerful and Hawai‘i without resource to mobilize individuals and groups to do violence (whether physical or ideological of violence) against modern states and political ideologies.”1 But are such assumptions tenable? Is a quote Present, determination toward self-sacrifice, often exemplified by suicide bombers, a unique aspect of not violence motivated by religious doctrines? In order to understand the concept of “religious do Past, University violence,” we must ask ourselves what it is that sets it apart from other violence. In this essay, I the and at will discuss the notion of religious violence in the premodern Japanese setting by looking at a 2 paper Religions: number of incidents involving Buddhist temples.
    [Show full text]
  • Interpreting Zheng Chenggong: the Politics of Dramatizing
    , - 'I ., . UN1VERSIlY OF HAWAII UBRARY 3~31 INTERPRETING ZHENG CHENGGONG: THE POLITICS OF DRAMATIZING A HISTORICAL FIGURE IN JAPAN, CHINA, AND TAIWAN (1700-1963) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAW AI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THEATRE AUGUST 2007 By Chong Wang Thesis Committee: Julie A. Iezzi, Chairperson Lurana D. O'Malley Elizabeth Wichmann-Walczak · - ii .' --, L-' ~ J HAWN CB5 \ .H3 \ no. YI,\ © Copyright 2007 By Chong Wang We certity that we have read this thesis and that, in our opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in Theatre. TIIESIS COMMITTEE Chairperson iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to give my wannest thanks to my family for their strong support. I also want to give my since're thanks to Dr. Julie Iezzi for her careful guidance and tremendous patience during each stage of the writing process. Finally, I want to thank my proofreaders, Takenouchi Kaori and Vance McCoy, without whom this thesis could not have been completed. - . iv ABSTRACT Zheng Chenggong (1624 - 1662) was sired by Chinese merchant-pirate in Hirado, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. A general at the end of the Chinese Ming Dynasty, he was a prominent leader of the movement opposing the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and in recovering Taiwan from Dutch colonial occupation in 1661. Honored as a hero in Japan, China, and Taiwan, he has been dramatized in many plays in various theatre forms in Japan (since about 1700), China (since 1906), and Taiwan (since the 1920s).
    [Show full text]
  • Chih-I's System of Sign Interpretation
    中華佛學學報第 15 期 (pp.495-584)： (民國 91 年)， 臺北：中華佛學研究所，http://www.chibs.edu.tw Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal, No. 15, (2002) Taipei: Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies ISSN: 1017-7132 Chih-i's System of Sign Interpretation Haiyan Shen Doctorate Candidate, Oriental Languages & Cultures Ghent University, Belgium Summary As the founder of the first Buddhist school － T'ien-t'ai Buddhism in China, master Chih-i's indispensable contribution toward the establishment of Chinese Buddhism is reflected mainly in his ingenious interpretation of one of the most important Buddhist scriptures － the Lotus Sūtra (Saddharmapuṇḍrīkasūtra). This is because such an interpretation is not simply the interpretation of the scripture, but more significantly, through his systematic exposition of the Lotus Sūtra, Chih-i expresses his own philosophical thought. Precisely speaking, the interpretation itself is a concrete demonstration of Chih-i's own philosophical system of understanding Buddhism. In this paper, I will deal with Chih-i's system of sign interpretation, which is discussed under eight categories. The source work of this study is based on Chih-i's gigantic work The Abstruse Meaning of the Sūtra of the Lotus Flower of the Fine Dharma (Taishō vol. 33, no. 1716). This study reveals how Chih-i creatively interprets the Lotus Sūtra, and how his perfect harmonization philosophy is at work through his system of sign interpretation. Keywords: 1.Sign interpretation 2.Lotus Sūtra 3.Hsüan-i 4.Perfect harmonization philosophy 5.Middle Way-Ultimate Truth p. 496 ↴ Contents Introduction 1. The interpretation of sign to investigate different meanings of a word 2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Goddesses' Shrine Family: the Munakata Through The
    THE GODDESSES' SHRINE FAMILY: THE MUNAKATA THROUGH THE KAMAKURA ERA by BRENDAN ARKELL MORLEY A THESIS Presented to the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: Asian Studies and the Graduate School ofthe University ofOregon in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree of Master ofArts June 2009 11 "The Goddesses' Shrine Family: The Munakata through the Kamakura Era," a thesis prepared by Brendan Morley in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the Master of Arts degree in the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: Asian Studies. This thesis has been approved and accepted by: e, Chair ofthe Examining Committee ~_ ..., ,;J,.." \\ e,. (.) I Date Committee in Charge: Andrew Edmund Goble, Chair Ina Asim Jason P. Webb Accepted by: Dean ofthe Graduate School III © 2009 Brendan Arkell Morley IV An Abstract ofthe Thesis of Brendan A. Morley for the degree of Master ofArts in the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: Asian Studies to be taken June 2009 Title: THE GODDESSES' SHRINE FAMILY: THE MUNAKATA THROUGH THE KAMAKURA ERA This thesis presents an historical study ofthe Kyushu shrine family known as the Munakata, beginning in the fourth century and ending with the onset ofJapan's medieval age in the fourteenth century. The tutelary deities ofthe Munakata Shrine are held to be the progeny ofthe Sun Goddess, the most powerful deity in the Shinto pantheon; this fact speaks to the long-standing historical relationship the Munakata enjoyed with Japan's ruling elites. Traditional tropes ofJapanese history have generally cast Kyushu as the periphery ofJapanese civilization, but in light ofrecent scholarship, this view has become untenable. Drawing upon extensive primary source material, this thesis will provide a detailed narrative ofMunakata family history while also building upon current trends in Japanese historiography that locate Kyushu within a broader East Asian cultural matrix and reveal it to be a central locus of cultural production on the Japanese archipelago.
    [Show full text]
  • Nihontō Compendium
    Markus Sesko NIHONTŌ COMPENDIUM © 2015 Markus Sesko – 1 – Contents Characters used in sword signatures 3 The nengō Eras 39 The Chinese Sexagenary cycle and the corresponding years 45 The old Lunar Months 51 Other terms that can be found in datings 55 The Provinces along the Main Roads 57 Map of the old provinces of Japan 59 Sayagaki, hakogaki, and origami signatures 60 List of wazamono 70 List of honorary title bearing swordsmiths 75 – 2 – CHARACTERS USED IN SWORD SIGNATURES The following is a list of many characters you will find on a Japanese sword. The list does not contain every Japanese (on-yomi, 音読み) or Sino-Japanese (kun-yomi, 訓読み) reading of a character as its main focus is, as indicated, on sword context. Sorting takes place by the number of strokes and four different grades of cursive writing are presented. Voiced readings are pointed out in brackets. Uncommon readings that were chosen by a smith for a certain character are quoted in italics. 1 Stroke 一 一 一 一 Ichi, (voiced) Itt, Iss, Ipp, Kazu 乙 乙 乙 乙 Oto 2 Strokes 人 人 人 人 Hito 入 入 入 入 Iri, Nyū 卜 卜 卜 卜 Boku 力 力 力 力 Chika 十 十 十 十 Jū, Michi, Mitsu 刀 刀 刀 刀 Tō 又 又 又 又 Mata 八 八 八 八 Hachi – 3 – 3 Strokes 三 三 三 三 Mitsu, San 工 工 工 工 Kō 口 口 口 口 Aki 久 久 久 久 Hisa, Kyū, Ku 山 山 山 山 Yama, Taka 氏 氏 氏 氏 Uji 円 円 円 円 Maru, En, Kazu (unsimplified 圓 13 str.) 也 也 也 也 Nari 之 之 之 之 Yuki, Kore 大 大 大 大 Ō, Dai, Hiro 小 小 小 小 Ko 上 上 上 上 Kami, Taka, Jō 下 下 下 下 Shimo, Shita, Moto 丸 丸 丸 丸 Maru 女 女 女 女 Yoshi, Taka 及 及 及 及 Chika 子 子 子 子 Shi 千 千 千 千 Sen, Kazu, Chi 才 才 才 才 Toshi 与 与 与 与 Yo (unsimplified 與 13
    [Show full text]
  • Ab Initio Search for Novel Bxhy Building Blocks with Potential for Hydrogen Storage
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 12-2010 Ab Initio Search for Novel BxHy Building Blocks with Potential for Hydrogen Storage Jared K. Olson Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Physical Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Olson, Jared K., "Ab Initio Search for Novel BxHy Building Blocks with Potential for Hydrogen Storage" (2010). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 844. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/844 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AB INITIO SEARCH FOR NOVEL BXHY BUILDING BLOCKS WITH POTENTIAL FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE by Jared K. Olson A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Chemistry (Physical Chemistry) Approved: Dr. Alexander I. Boldyrev Dr. Steve Scheiner Major Professor Committee Member Dr. David Farrelly Dr. Stephen Bialkowski Committee Member Committee Member Dr. T.C. Shen Byron Burnham Committee Member Dean of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2010 ii Copyright © Jared K. Olson 2010 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Ab Initio Search for Novel BxHy Building Blocks with Potential for Hydrogen Storage by Jared K. Olson, Doctor of Philosophy Utah State University, 2010 Major Professor: Dr. Alexander I. Boldyrev Department: Chemistry and Biochemistry On-board hydrogen storage presents a challenging barrier to the use of hydrogen as an energy source because the performance of current storage materials falls short of platform requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • 横組：Jean-Noël Robert
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ICPBS Digital Cllections 国際仏教学大学院大学研究紀要 Journal of the International College for Postgraduate Buddhist Studies 第 15 号（平成 23 年) Vol. XV, 2011 On a Possible Origin of the « Ten Suchnesses » List in Kumārajīvaʼs Translation of the Lotus Sutra Jean-Noël Robert 国際仏教学大学院大学研究紀要第 15 号 平成 23年5月 143 On a Possible Origin of the « Ten Suchnesses » List in Kumārajīvaʼs Translation of the Lotus Sutra Jean-Noël Robert A Hubert Durt, en toute amitié et reconnaissance One of the most vexed questions concerning the Chinese translation of the Lotus Sutra made by Kumārajīva and his « workshop » at the beginning of the fifth century is probably the origin of the passage on the « Ten Suchnesses » 十如是 (ch. shí rúshì, jpn. jū-nyoze). The wide discrepancy between the Chinese text and the Sanskrit original has been intriguing monks and scholars for centuries and led them to suggest a number of solutions which have mostly done little to solve the riddle. Some sort of consensus seems to be prevailing about the probability of either a defect or variant in the manuscript used by Kumārajīva, or of his knowledge of oral or esoteric traditions about that passage that he would have reflected in his own translation. Everybody seems to concur on the fact that, whatever be the correct solution, the problem lies in translating the Sanskrit original into Chinese, the issue being so to say bilateral. Either the Sanskrit text the Chinese translators had under their eyes was defective in some way, or their own understanding was faulty, with barely the third possibility of an interference from some unknown exegetical tradition, perchance a Central Asian one.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    On the Periphery of a Great “Empire”: Secondary Formation of States and Their Material Basis in the Shandong Peninsula during the Late Bronze Age, ca. 1000-500 B.C.E Minna Wu Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMIBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 @2013 Minna Wu All rights reserved ABSTRACT On the Periphery of a Great “Empire”: Secondary Formation of States and Their Material Basis in the Shandong Peninsula during the Late Bronze-Age, ca. 1000-500 B.C.E. Minna Wu The Shandong region has been of considerable interest to the study of ancient China due to its location in the eastern periphery of the central culture. For the Western Zhou state, Shandong was the “Far East” and it was a vast region of diverse landscape and complex cultural traditions during the Late Bronze-Age (1000-500 BCE). In this research, the developmental trajectories of three different types of secondary states are examined. The first type is the regional states established by the Zhou court; the second type is the indigenous Non-Zhou states with Dong Yi origins; the third type is the states that may have been formerly Shang polities and accepted Zhou rule after the Zhou conquest of Shang. On the one hand, this dissertation examines the dynamic social and cultural process in the eastern periphery in relation to the expansion and colonization of the Western Zhou state; on the other hand, it emphasizes the agency of the periphery during the formation of secondary states by examining how the polities in the periphery responded to the advances of the Western Zhou state and how local traditions impacted the composition of the local material assemblage which lay the foundation for the future prosperity of the regional culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Approximations to the Birthday Problem with Unequal Occurrence Probabilities and Their Application to the Surname Problem in Japan*
    Ann. Inst. Statist. Math. Vol. 44, No. 3, 479-499 (1992) APPROXIMATIONS TO THE BIRTHDAY PROBLEM WITH UNEQUAL OCCURRENCE PROBABILITIES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE SURNAME PROBLEM IN JAPAN* SHIGERU MASE Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730, Japan (Received July 4, 1990; revised September 2, 1991) Abstract. Let X1,X2,...,X~ be iid random variables with a discrete dis- tribution {Pi}~=l. We will discuss the coincidence probability Rn, i.e., the probability that there are members of {Xi} having the same value. If m = 365 and p~ ~ 1/365, this is the famous birthday problem. Also we will give two kinds of approximation to this probability. Finally we will give two applica- tions. The first is the estimation of the coincidence probability of surnames in Japan. For this purpose, we will fit a generalized zeta distribution to a fre- quency data of surnames in Japan. The second is the true birthday problem, that is, we will evaluate the birthday probability in Japan using the actual (non-uniform) distribution of birthdays in Japan. Key words and phrases: Birthday problem, coincidence probability, non-uni- formness, Bell polynomial, approximation, surname. I. Introduction It is frequently observed that, even within a small group, there are people with the same surname. It may not be considered so curious to find persons with the same surname in a group compared to those with the same birthday. But if we consider the variety of surnames and the relatively small portions of each surname in some countries, this fact becomes less trivial than is first seen.
    [Show full text]
  • From Jien (1155-1225) to Son.En (1298-1356): the Evolution of Exegetical Poetry in Medieval Japan
    From Jien (1155-1225) to Son.en (1298-1356): The Evolution of Exegetical Poetry in Medieval Japan 著者 ROBERT Jean-Noel journal or FIGURES AND PLACES OF THE SACRED publication title volume 18 page range 149-172 year 2003-03-31 その他のタイトル 慈円から尊円へ 風景と言語の和歌における秘儀化 URL http://doi.org/10.15055/00002958 From Jien (1155-1225) to Son.en (1298-1356): The Evolution of Exegetical Poetry in Medieval Japan Jean-No~lROBERT EcolePratique des Hautes Etudes Sciences Religieuses Thispaper reflects the presentstage of a researchthat has beengoing on for a few yearsnow, the startingpoint of whichhaving been what was, at firstglance, a rather simple,or perhapsirrelevant question: << Cain Japanese be considereda mystical language? )>.I understandthat the verywording of this questionraises in turn many furtherquestions, the most important one being without any doubt <<what is a 'mystical language'?> > There are twopossible answers to that. Themore obviousone is that a mystical language is a languagein whichis writtena substantialbody of literaturepurporting to relatemystical experiences. On this account,,most of the Europeanlanguages could be heldas such:from English (Brigitof Norwitch;The Cloudof Unknowing)to German(with Meister Eckhart, Tauler)or Dutch(Ruysbroek), from Spanish (John of the Cross,Theresa of Avila)to Italian(Francis of Assisi),or evenFrench (i.a. Blaise Pascal in a famousfragment), and probablymany others (Russian for examplewith Talesof a Pilgrim);so are too mostof the languagesof Moslemcultures, be it, foremostly,Persian, or Urdu,Turkish or Malay,or the 'vernacular'languages of India.Actually, it wouldbe ratherdifficult to find, in the vast field of Eurasianliteratures, a languagewhich would not be a rmysticallanguage' according to this first definition.
    [Show full text]