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Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) De onontkoombare afkomst van Eli d’Oliveira: Een Portugees-Joodse familiegeschiedenis Cohen, J.F. Publication date 2015 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Cohen, J. F. (2015). De onontkoombare afkomst van Eli d’Oliveira: Een Portugees-Joodse familiegeschiedenis. Querido. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:27 Sep 2021 Verklarende woordenlijst Aby Jetomim: ‘Vader der Wezen’. Jongensweeshuis van de Portugees-Joodse ge- meente Al-Andalus: benaming die de Moren gaven aan het door hen beheerste gedeelte van het Iberisch Schiereiland aprova: openbare proefdienst apuntador: aanwijzer ascamoth: reglementen van de Portugees-Joodse gemeente aspacoth: maandgelden Baal darsjan: de laagste van de drie graden van godsdienstonderwijzer baälat tesjoeva: ‘vrouwen die tot inkeer komen’. Tot het Jodendom bekeerde vrou- wen Beth Jacob: ‘Huis van Jacob’. Een van de drie Portugees-Joodse gemeenten in Am- sterdam die in 1639 samen de K.K. de Talmud Torah zouden vormen bret mila: besnijdenis cabana: loofhut chacham: opperrabbijn van een Sefardische gemeente chaloetsa: Joodse kinderloze weduwe die via een zogenoemde chalitsa-procedure ontheven is van de plicht om een zwagerhuwelijk aan te gaan chanoekia: chanoekalamp, vaak een kandelaar, voor acht lichten plus een extra licht waarmee de andere worden aangestoken chatan Beresjiet: ‘bruidegom van de Genesis’. Degene die op het feest van Sim- chat Tora de Tora opnieuw begint voor te lezen (erefunctie) chatan tora: ‘bruidegom der wet’. Degene die op het feest van Simchat Tora de Tora uitleest (erefunctie) chazan (mv. chazaniem): voorzanger/voorlezer in de synagoge choepa: huwelijksplechtigheid congregante (mv. congregantes): niet-contribuerend lid van een Sefardische ge- meente zonder stemrecht conversos: Joodse bekeerlingen tot het christendom op het Iberisch Schiereiland. Zij worden ook ‘maranen’ of ‘nieuwchristenen’ genoemd 535 convivencia: benaming voor het relatief vreedzaam samenleven van moslims, jo- den en christenen in Moorse koninkrijken tussen 711 en 1492 creatura: overleden kind ouder dan een maand despachados: ‘weggestuurden’. Lidmaten die een uitkering ontvangen om ten minste voor vijftien jaar naar elders te vertrekken dhimmi: aanduiding voor een niet-moslim onder islamitisch bestuur die onder voorwaarden de eigen religie mag blijven aanhangen dote: bruidsschat Ets Haim: ‘Boom des Levens’. Benaming van het rabbijnenseminarium van de Amsterdamse Portugees-Joodse gemeente finta: de vaste belasting voor contribuerende leden van een Sefardische gemeente gabay: penningmeester gabay de sedaca: penningmeester van de armenkas Gemara: commentaren van geestelijken op de mondelinge uitleggingen van de Tora halacha: het geheel van voorschriften hascaba: gebed voor de zielenrust van de overledene in de Sefardische ritus Hase Hamaharacha: ‘Brandstapel op het altaar’. Broederschap dat brandhout on- der de armen verdeelde Haskala: de Joodse Verlichting Hateret Tipheret: ‘Kroon van Schoonheid’. Jongerenvereniging die religieuze stu- die combineerde met charitatief werk Hebra de Casar Orfas: ‘Vereniging tot het Uithuwelijken van Weesmeisjes’ van de Venetiaanse Sefardische gemeente Honen Dalim: ‘Bescherming van de Armen’. Naam van een charitatieve vereni- ging die zieke gemeenteleden en arme weduwen bijstond imposta: belasting, bestaande uit een percentage op de (ver)koop van voc- en wic-aandelen en allerhande producten als goud, zilver en diamanten jachied (mv. jechiediem): contribuerend lid van een Sefardische gemeente met stemrecht Kaddiesj: Aramees gebed dat onder andere wordt gezegd ter herdenking van de doden kehila: Joodse gemeente 536 kemia: een Joodse amulet ketoeba: huwelijkscontract levaja: begrafenis limpieza de sangre: ‘zuiverheid van het bloed’. Aanduiding voor Iberische rassen- wetten Livro de segredos: ‘Boek van geheimen’. Hierin werden personen opgenomen die rechtstreeks geld hadden ontvangen van de parnasiem, maar van wie dat niet bekend mocht worden maämad: bestuur van een Sefardische gemeente. Tevens benaming voor de zaal waarin het bestuur vergadert magied: de middelste van de drie graden van godsdienstonderwijzer mamzer: kind uit een niet-geoorloofde relatie, bastaard Maskil el Dal: ‘Die de Armen Gadeslaat’. Broederschap die behoeftige gemeen- teleden ondersteunde die om een of andere reden niet in aanmerking kwamen voor uitdeling uit de armenkas van de gemeente maskiliem: verlichte, ontwikkelde Joden. Aanhangers van de Haskala mediene: provincie medras grande: grote leerschool medras pequeno: kleine leerschool Meil Sedaca: ‘Mantel der liefdadigheid’. Broederschap dat winterjassen onder de armen verdeelde Mesib Nefes: ‘Zielsverkwikking’. Negentiende-eeuws oudevrouwen- en zieken- huis mezoeza: kokertje met gebedsteksten dat volgens traditioneel Joods gebruik op deurposten wordt aangebracht midrasj: bepaald genre rabbijnse uitleg van de Tenach mikwe: ritueel Joods badhuis Mishenet Zequenim: ‘Steun der Ouden’. Oudemannenhuis mitswe (mv. mitswot): gebod, goede daad moree: de hoogste van de drie graden van godsdienstonderwijzer Neveh Salim: ‘Oase van Vrede’. Portugese synagoge in Maarssen parnas (mv. parnasiem): bestuurder van een Joodse gemeente Pesach: Joods paasfeest waarop de uittocht van de Israëlieten uit Egypte wordt gevierd. pobres: armlastigen Poeriem: ‘Lotenfeest’, waarbij de Joden vieren dat ze niet meer door vijanden als Maman worden bedreigd 537 promessas: vrijwillige bijdragen die tijdens diensten werden geïnd in de snoge purimshpiln: parodieën op gebeden en heilige teksten die tijdens Poeriem in mo- noloogvorm werden opgevoerd Reconquista: de christelijke verovering van het Iberisch Schiereiland, voltooid in 1492 Registro dos despachados: register van uitkeringen aan lidmaten om ten minste voor vijftien jaar naar elders te vertrekken ros: hoofd Rosj Hasjana: Joods Nieuwjaar samaas: koster van een Joodse gemeente Santa Companhia de Dotar Orfas e Donzelas: ‘Heilige Broederschap tot het Uithu- welijken van Weesmeisjes en Jongedochters’ van de Amsterdamse Portugees- Joodse gemeente, doorgaans afgekort tot ‘Dotar’ sedaca: liefdadigheid, armenkas van de gemeente Sefarad: de Hebreeuwse naam voor Spanje Simchat Tora: ‘Vreugde der Wet’. Feestdag waarop de jaarlijkse cyclus van Torale- zingen wordt afgesloten en opnieuw wordt begonnen Sjavoeot: ‘Wekenfeest’, genoemd naar de zeven weken die worden geteld vanaf Pesach sjofar: ramshoorn Soekot: Loofhuttenfeest sofeer: schrijver van religieuze documenten; dichter talliet (mv. tallitot): gebedskleed, vierkante doek die om de schouder wordt gesla- gen met aan elke hoek een kwast Talmud Thora: ‘Studie der Wet’. In 1616 opgerichte vereniging om het onderwijs voor de Sefardische jongeren in Amsterdam te verzorgen teba: het verhoogde platform in de synagoge waarop de chazan staat bij het leiden van de dienst tefilien: gebedsriemen Tenach: Joodse Bijbel, oude testament tokeang: de blazer van de ramshoorn tudescos: door Sefardische Joden gebruikte term voor Asjkenazische Joden. Let- terlijk: ‘Duitsers’ Vestiaria: de kledingbedeling Vestiaria dos Talmidim: ‘Kleren voor de Leerlingen’. Broederschap dat kleren on- der scholieren en studenten verdeelde 538 Afkortingen adb: Antwerpse Diamantbewerkersbond andb: Algemeene Nederlandsche Diamantbewerkers Bond bwp: Belgische Werkliedenpartij cbg: Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie cjo: Centraal Joods Overleg gdh: Gemeentearchief Den Haag ggb: Vereeniging Gemeenschappelijk Grondbezit gi: Mischlinge i. Grades, door de nazi’s gebruikte benaming voor mensen met twee Joodse grootouders, maar zonder Joodse huwelijkspartner en geen lidmaat- schap van een Joods kerkgenootschap gii: Mischlinge ii. Grades, door de nazi’s gebruikte benaming voor mensen met slechts één Joodse grootouder, maar zonder Joodse huwelijkspartner en geen lid- maatschap van een Joods kerkgenootschap hua: Het Utrechts Archief iisg: Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis jmw: Joods Maatschappelijk Werk knaw: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen kwi-a: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Anthropologie, menschliche Erblehre und Eugenik Liro: Lippmann-Rosenthal & Co. (Sarphatistraat). Duitse bank, in de oorlog op- gericht om systematisch Joods bezit te registreren en vervolgens te roven ljg: Liberaal Joodse Gemeente na: Nationaal Archief nik: Nederlands-Israëlietisch Kerkgenootschap nsb: Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging nzso: Nederlandse Zionistische Studenten Organisatie nsdap: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterspartei ohs: Openbare Handelsschool pbc: Persoonsbewijzen Centrale pig: Portugees-Israëlietische Gemeente pik: Portugees-Israëlitisch
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