DOCSLIB.ORG

Foundations I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Foundations I Petri_Democracy02E_CH01_Printer PDF.qxd 7/23/09 10:43 PM Page 1 Property of Kendall Hunt Publishing Ch. 1 from Petri/Azarcon's Democracy and Action ISBN: 978-0-7575-6509-0 | 2009 www.kendallhunt.com/petri_azarcon PART Foundations I DEMOCRACY DIRECT REPRESENTATIVE PARLIAMENTARY PRESIDENTIAL SEMI-PRESIDENTIAL CONSTITUTION FEDERALISM Petri_Democracy02E_CH01_Printer PDF.qxd 7/23/09 10:43 PM Page 2 Property of Kendall Hunt Publishing Ch. 1 from Petri/Azarcon's Democracy and Action ISBN: 978-0-7575-6509-0 | 2009 www.kendallhunt.com/petri_azarcon CHAPTER 1 The Citizen and Government CHAPTER OUTLINE • Democracy and Government: The Right to Vote and Electronic Voting • Why Do We Need Government? • Different Types of Government • Profiles in Politics: Socrates • The Democratic Ideal • Profiles in Politics: Alice Stone Blackwell • For Your Consideration: Increasing Access the Motor Voter Law • Types of Democratic Governments • For Your Consideration: A Pause in Democracy’s March • How Do We Compare? Comparative Politics and Thinkers Petri_Democracy02E_CH01_Printer PDF.qxd 7/23/09 10:43 PM Page 3 Property of Kendall Hunt Publishing Ch. 1 from Petri/Azarcon's Democracy and Action ISBN: 978-0-7575-6509-0 | 2009 Democracy andwww.kendallhunt.com/petri_azarcon Action The Right to Vote and Electronic Voting The right to vote is taken for granted by many pass, regardless of their level of education. How- people in the United States nowadays. However, the ever, if a white man failed, that man could still vote right to vote, or under the grandfather clause, which provided that A Closer Look universal suffrage, all men whose ancestors had voted prior to 1867 www.michaelpetri.info is one of the would be able to vote as well. In addition to these video: Overview minimum require- laws and intimidation by the Ku Klux Klan, many ments needed by black voters were disenfranchised for approxi- citizens in order to control their government in a mately the next 100 years. This disenfranchisement democracy. Many groups had to fight long and hard was not remedied until the Civil Rights Act, the Vot- to receive the right to vote and with each advance- ing Rights Act, and the Twenty-Fourth Amendment, ment of technology, there is worry that we are per- all passed between 1964 and 1965. haps increasingly disenfranchising voters. Officially, women were not allowed to vote (with Our founding fathers at first did not offer the right very little and short lived exceptions) until the early to vote to all citizens of their new union; only twentieth century. When the Constitution was white male landowners were given that privilege. being drafted, Abigail Adams wrote several letters However, the founders did relinquish to the to her husband, John Adams, who was one of the individual states the right to decide who was framers. In these letters she reminded him of the allowed to vote. During the first half of the nine- role women played during the Revolution. Abigail teenth century, reminded him that “the ladies” should not be for- A Closer Look there was much gotten when it was decided who should have the www.michaelpetri.info political infighting right to vote in the fledgling nation. She also gen- video: The Right to regarding the tly asserted that decisions should not be left in the Vote removal of prop- hands of men alone because by their “sex [they] are erty requirements naturally tyrannical.” As history shows, her plea fell for white males. This was finally realized in the on deaf ears. However, in the nineteenth century, 1850s, prior to the Civil War. women became outspoken visible leaders in many political movements, including the abolition move- Following the Civil War and the technical end of ment, the temperance movement, and of course, slavery, the Fif- the women’s suffrage movement. In 1869, teenth Amend- Wyoming Territory became the first to allow ment was ratified. women the right to vote, shortly followed by Utah, The amendment afforded all males over the age of 21 the right to vote, “regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servi- (Courtesy of the Library of Congress) tude.” This was the first time the Constitution set a determining measure on suffrage, instead of deferring to the states. This upset many southern states, and, in retaliation, implemented laws which have become known as Jim Crow laws in an attempt to prevent black men from exercising their right to vote. These laws included intimidation tactics such as a poll tax required of all voters. Newly freed slaves were New York City, 1909 unable to pay such a tax and were therefore denied Two young girls stand out in a crowd of the right to vote. Another popular tactic was a voter protesters. Their banners read “ABOLISH CHILD literacy test, which was a test administered by local SLAVERY!!” in both Yiddish and English. officials. These officials rarely allowed blacks to (Courtesy of the Library of Congress) Petri_Democracy02E_CH01_Printer PDF.qxd 7/23/09 10:43 PM Page 4 Property of Kendall Hunt Publishing Ch. 1 from Petri/Azarcon's Democracy and Action ISBN: 978-0-7575-6509-0 | 2009 4 PART I - FOUNDATIONSwww.kendallhunt.com/petri_azarcon Colorado, and Idaho. The women’s suffrage move- much controversy, because, as seen in many ment fought hard for more than 150 years and computer-based machines, there is always the pos- finally gained the full-fledged right to vote across sibility of “bugs” affecting the data. In a democracy, the nation with the passage of the Nineteenth where one of the most treasured rights is exercising Amendment in 1920. Lastly, the Twenty-Sixth the right to vote, the integrity of the electronic bal- Amendment was ratified in 1971. This lowered the lot poses a myriad of questions about the accuracy voting age from 21 years to 18, the age at which of the vote count. Without a paper trail to confirm one reaches adulthood. the count, there is no guarantee that a true count has been tabulated. How many votes may have With all the strife that Americans have endured to been lost due to malfunction? Has each vote been guarantee any person of adult age the right to vote, correctly logged into the proper category accord- one would think that this right is a fairly secure one. ing to the voter’s intention? Can these machines be Unfortunately, with the advancement of technology, easily manipulated? new voting machines have once again brought the fear of disenfranchisement to the forefront of The main question becomes, how can we make voting. sure that each vote is secure, private, and counted correctly? Some states have addressed this prob- Since the 2000 lem by including some form of paper audit trail election, most that works in conjunction with the machines. states have These paper trails are not traceable back to the implemented individual voter, thus protecting the privacy of use of at least the ballot. Additionally, they provide a secure some direct compartment where the voter can actually ver- recording elec- ify their vote on the paper log in addition to dig- tronic voting itally confirming their choice. This remedy is, at systems. These the present time, the most logical and accurate appropriately one; however, in a world of rapidly changing named sys- technology, there may yet be a better way for tems directly the citizens of a democracy to exercise their right record each (Courtesy of the Library of Congress) to vote.1 vote as it is cast into their servers, most leaving no paper trail behind for verification. This has caused Petri_Democracy02E_CH01_Printer PDF.qxd 7/23/09 10:43 PM Page 5 Property of Kendall Hunt Publishing Ch. 1 from Petri/Azarcon's Democracy and Action ISBN: 978-0-7575-6509-0 | 2009 CHAPTERwww.kendallhunt.com/petri_azarcon 1 - THE CITIZEN AND GOVERNMENT 5 Why Do We Need Government? We the people of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare and secure the Blessing of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution of the United States of America. ~ Preamble to the Constitution of the United States of America As seen through various examples throughout the book, all governments perform the same tasks. For example, some of these tasks are to provide national defense, both foreign and domestic, and to develop social welfare policies. In order to pay for these programs, governments must collect taxes. The United States govern- ment is no different than other government with regards to these tasks. What sets the United States apart from other countries in the late 1700s was its belief that government should serve the people and it should derive its power from the consent of the people. The preamble serves as a contract that was drawn up between the American people and the government, meaning the “We the people,” consent to be governed as long as government fulfills its part of the contract. To fully understand this, one must examine the components of the Preamble in greater detail. To Establish Justice and Insure Domestic Tranquility Some of the government’s responsibilities are to maintain order and security. Because of this, the Constitution may be seen as a social contract, in which people allow themselves to be ruled in exchange for protection of their property and lives. No civil society can allow the vigilante justice that arises as a result of the “state of nature,” as described by philosopher Thomas Hobbes. For Hobbes the current state of civil society was intolerable. After many bloody years of English civil wars, he wanted a clearly identifiable political figurehead.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CAMBRIDGE SUFFRAGE HISTORY CAMBRIDGE SUFFRAGE HISTORY a Long March for Suffrage
    CAMBRIDGE SUFFRAGE HISTORY CAMBRIDGE SUFFRAGE HISTORY A long march for suffrage. Margaret Fuller was born in Cambridge in1810. By her late teens, she was considered a prodigy and equal or superior in intelligence to her male friends. As an adult she hosted “Conversations” for men and women on topics that ranged from women’s rights to philosophy. She joined Ralph Waldo Emerson in editing and writing for the Transcendentalist journal, The Dial from 1840-1842. It was in this publication that she wrote an article about women’s rights titled, “The Great Lawsuit,” which she would go on to expand into a book a few years later. In 1844, she moved to NYC to write for the New York Tribune. Her book, Woman in the Nineteenth Century was published in1845. She traveled to Europe as the Tribune’s foreign correspondent, the first woman to hold such a role. She died in a shipwreck off the coast of NY in July 1850 just as she was returning to life in the U.S. Her husband and infant also perished. It was hoped that she would be a leader in the equal rights and suffrage movements but her life was tragically cut short. 02 SARAH BURKS, CAMBRIDGE HISTORICAL COMMISSION December 2019 CAMBRIDGE SUFFRAGE HISTORY A long march for suffrage. Harriet A. Jacobs (1813-1897) was born into slavery in Edenton, NC. She escaped her sexually abusive owner in 1835 and lived in hiding for seven years. In 1842 she escaped to the north. She eventually was able to secure freedom for her children and herself.
    [Show full text]
  • The 19Th Amendment
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Women Making History: The 19th Amendment Women The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. —19th Amendment to the United States Constitution In 1920, after decades of tireless activism by countless determined suffragists, American women were finally guaranteed the right to vote. The year 2020 marks the 100th anniversary of the 19th Amendment. It was ratified by the states on August 18, 1920 and certified as an amendment to the US Constitution on August 26, 1920. Developed in partnership with the National Park Service, this publication weaves together multiple stories about the quest for women’s suffrage across the country, including those who opposed it, the role of allies and other civil rights movements, who was left behind, and how the battle differed in communities across the United States. Explore the complex history and pivotal moments that led to ratification of the 19th Amendment as well as the places where that history happened and its continued impact today. 0-31857-0 Cover Barcode-Arial.pdf 1 2/17/20 1:58 PM $14.95 ISBN 978-1-68184-267-7 51495 9 781681 842677 The National Park Service is a bureau within the Department Front cover: League of Women Voters poster, 1920. of the Interior. It preserves unimpaired the natural and Back cover: Mary B. Talbert, ca. 1901. cultural resources and values of the National Park System for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this work future generations.
    [Show full text]
  • Suffrage Organizations Chart.Indd
    U.S. WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE ORGANIZATIONS 1 National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA), American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA), 1869 - 1890 1869 - 1890 “The National” “The American” Key Leaders Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Lucy Stone, Henry Browne Blackwell, Julia Ward Howe, Mott, Matilda Joslyn Gage, Anna Howard Shaw Mary Livermore, Henry Ward Beecher Key Facts • Headquartered in New York City • Headquartered in Boston • Started The Revolution, a newspaper that focused • Established the Woman’s Journal, a successful on a range of women’s issues, including suffrage suffrage newspaper o Funded by a pro-slavery man, George o Funded by subscriptions Francis Train • Permitted both men and women to be a part of • Men were able to join the organization as organization and leadership members but women controlled the leadership • Considered more moderate • Considered radical and controversial Key Stances & • Against the 15th Amendment • Supported the 15th Amendment and the Republican Strategies • Sought a national amendment guaranteeing Party women’s suffrage • Adopted a state-by-state strategy to win suffrage • Held their conventions in Washington, D.C • Held their conventions in various cities across the • Advocated for women’s right to education and country divorce and for equal pay • Supported traditional social institutions, such as • Argued for the vote to be given to the “educated” marriage and religion • Willing to work with anyone as long as they • Unwilling to work with polygamous women and championed women’s rights and suffrage others considered radical, for fear of alienating the o Leadership allowed Mormon polygamist public women to join the organization • Employed less militant lobbying tactics, such as • Made attempts to vote in various places across the petition drives, testifying before legislatures, and country even though it was considered illegal giving public speeches © Better Days 2020 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Woman Suffrage Debate 1865-1919
    Dialectic of the Enlightenment in America: The Woman Suffrage Debate 1865-1919 Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät für Sprach-, Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaften der Universität Regensburg vorgelegt von Frau Borislava Borisova Probst, geboren Marinova Wohnadresse: Ludwig-Thoma-Str. 19, 93051 Regensburg Vorlage der Arbeit bei der Fakultät für Sprach-, Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaften im Jahre 2014 Druckort: Regensburg, 2015 Erstgutachter: Herr Prof. Dr. Volker Depkat, Lehrstuhl für Amerikanistik, Universität Regensburg Zweitgutachter: Frau Prof. Dr. Nassim Balestrini, Institut für Amerikanistik, Karl-Franzens- Universität Graz Dialectic of the Enlightenment in America: The Woman Suffrage Debate 1865-1919 Table of Contents: I. Introduction: I. 1. Aim of Study…………………………………………………………………..…1 I. 2. Research Situation ………………………………………………………………9 I. 2.1. Scholarly Situation on Female Suffrage ……………………………10 I. 2.2. The Enlightenment in America…………………………………..……12 I. 2.3. Dialectic of Enlightenment in America………………………….……16 I. 3. Mothodology und Sources ……………………………………………………..18 I. 3.1. Methodology………………………………………………………….18 I. 3.2. Sources………………………………………………………………30 II. Suffragist and Anti-Suffragist Pragmatics of Communication II. 1. The Progressive Era, Women and the Enlightenment…………………………33 II. 1.2. The Communication of the Suffrage Debate: The Institutionalization of the Movements…………………………….……42 II. 1.3. Organized, Public Suffrage Communication………………………………43 II. 1.4. Organized Public Anti-Suffrage Communication……………………….….67 III. Enlightenment and Inclusion: Suffrage Voices…………………………………………88 III. 1. Isabella Beecher Hooker: “The Constitutional Rights of the Women in the United States” (1888)……………90 III. 2. Carrie Chapman Catt: “Will of the People” (1910)………………………………..104 III. 3. Further Suffrage Voices………………………………………………………….…114 III. 3.1. Suffragists’ Self-understanding…………………………..……………….115 III. 3.2. Rights…………………………………………………………………..…120 III. Suffragism and Progress……………………………………………………….126 IV.
    [Show full text]
  • Background Guide
    The National American Woman Suffrage Association 1890 (NAWSA) MUNUC 33 ONLINE1 The National American Woman Suffrage Association 1890 (NAWSA)| MUNUC 33 Online TABLE OF CONTENTS ______________________________________________________ A NOTE ON INTERSECTIONALITY FROM THE DAIS………...……….………3 CHAIR LETTERS………………………….….…………………..…….…….....…5 COMMITTEE STRUCTURE.……………..………………………………………..9 TOPIC A: ORGANIZING THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT……….14 Statement of the Problem……………….……………..………….…14 History of the Problem………………………………………………….26 Roster……………………………………………………………………..30 Bibliography……………………………………………………………..66 2 The National American Woman Suffrage Association 1890 (NAWSA)| MUNUC 33 Online A NOTE ON INTERSECTIONALITY FROM THE DAIS ____________________________________________________ Dear Delegates, Welcome to the National American Woman’s Suffrage Association - where you will spend your weekend writing and voting on policy that will advance gender equality and grant women the rights that they deserve. We hope this committee will provoke conversations, creativity, and a hard (and even critical) look at the movement that led to the enfranchisement of the largest group of voters at a single time. Our goal with running this committee is to teach you about how to organize and run a political movement. However, we also want you to understand and critique how political movements have worked in the past. In order to do this, we must confront both the parts of our history that are commendable and inspiring, as well as the parts of our history in which people were discriminatory or acted in a manner that we would not support today. The history we will be discussing is not faultless, and deals with racist, antisemitic, and homophobic actors both outside and within the suffrage movement. Some of you have been assigned characters who hold problematic, prejudiced beliefs.
    [Show full text]
  • Lucy Hargrett Draper Center and Archives for the Study of the Rights
    Lucy Hargrett Draper Center and Archives for the Study of the Rights of Women in History and Law Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library Special Collections Libraries University of Georgia Index 1. Legal Treatises. Ca. 1575-2007 (29). Age of Enlightenment. An Awareness of Social Justice for Women. Women in History and Law. 2. American First Wave. 1849-1949 (35). American Pamphlets timeline with Susan B. Anthony’s letters: 1853-1918. American Pamphlets: 1849-1970. 3. American Pamphlets (44) American pamphlets time-line with Susan B. Anthony’s letters: 1853-1918. 4. American Pamphlets. 1849-1970 (47). 5. U.K. First Wave: 1871-1908 (18). 6. U.K. Pamphlets. 1852-1921 (15). 7. Letter, autographs, notes, etc. U.S. & U.K. 1807-1985 (116). 8. Individual Collections: 1873-1980 (165). Myra Bradwell - Susan B. Anthony Correspondence. The Emily Duval Collection - British Suffragette. Ablerta Martie Hill Collection - American Suffragist. N.O.W. Collection - West Point ‘8’. Photographs. Lucy Hargrett Draper Personal Papers (not yet received) 9. Postcards, Woman’s Suffrage, U.S. (235). 10. Postcards, Women’s Suffrage, U.K. (92). 11. Women’s Suffrage Advocacy Campaigns (300). Leaflets. Broadsides. Extracts Fliers, handbills, handouts, circulars, etc. Off-Prints. 12. Suffrage Iconography (115). Posters. Drawings. Cartoons. Original Art. 13. Suffrage Artifacts: U.S. & U.K. (81). 14. Photographs, U.S. & U.K. Women of Achievement (83). 15. Artifacts, Political Pins, Badges, Ribbons, Lapel Pins (460). First Wave: 1840-1960. Second Wave: Feminist Movement - 1960-1990s. Third Wave: Liberation Movement - 1990-to present. 16. Ephemera, Printed material, etc (114). 17. U.S. & U.K.
    [Show full text]
  • “A Religious Recognition of Equality”: Liberal Spirituality and the Marriage Question in America, 1835–1850
    religions Article “A Religious Recognition of Equality”: Liberal Spirituality and the Marriage Question in America, 1835–1850 Gregory Garvey Department of English, The College at Brockport, State University of New York, Brockport, NY 14420, USA; [email protected] Received: 16 July 2017; Accepted: 10 August 2017; Published: 8 September 2017 Abstract: Studying texts by Lydia Maria Child, Sarah Grimke, and Margaret Fuller, this article seeks to recover the early phases of a dialogue that moved marriage away from an institution grounded in ideas of unification and toward a concept of marriage grounded in liberal ideas about equality. It seeks to situate the “marriage question” within both the rhetoric of American antebellum reform and of liberal religious thought. Rather than concluding that these early texts facilitated a movement toward a contractarian ideal of marriage this article concludes that Child, Grimke, and Fuller, sought to discredit unification as an organizing idea for marriage and replace it with a definition that placed a spiritual commitment to equality between the partners as the animating core of the idea of marriage. Keywords: Transcendentalism; marriage reform; liberalism; Margaret Fuller; Lydia Maria Child; Sarah Grimke Questions about marriage reform began to accelerate onto reformers’ agendas after Lydia Maria Child and Sarah Grimke published texts of women’s history in the 1830s. Serving both religious and civil functions, the marriage tie was at the very center of adult life for the vast majority of Americans. But marriage was also profoundly anti-egalitarian, demanding sacrifices for women that contradicted basic assumptions about individual rights that by the mid-nineteenth century had transformed political, economic, and religious life.
    [Show full text]
  • Mary Mcleod Bethune
    MANAGING EDITOR COPY EDITOR Lynne M. O’Hara Noralee Frankel NHD IS ENDORSED BY American Association for State and Local History National Council for History Education American Historical Association National Council on Public History Federation of State Humanities Councils Organization of American Historians Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation Society for American Archivists National Association of Secondary School Principals THIS PUBLICATION IS SPONSORED BY NHD IS ALSO GENEROUSLY SUPPORTED BY Mary Abroe Crown Family Foundation James F. Harris Celie Niehaus Pritzker Military Foundation 4511 Knox Road Suite 205 College Park, MD 20740 Phone: 301-314-9739 Fax: 301-314-9767 Email: [email protected] Website: nhd.org ©2018 National History Day. May be duplicated for educational purposes. Not for resale. ISBN: 978-0-9962189-6-2 TABLE OF CONTENTS FORWARD 2 INTRODUCTION: WOMEN’S HISTORY IS HISTORY 3 WHAT IS NATIONAL HISTORY DAY®? 7 LESSON PLANS 8 ANNE MARBURY HUTCHINSON 8 MERCY OTIS WARREN 12 SOJOURNER TRUTH 17 DOROTHEA LYNDE DIX 20 HARRIET BEECHER STOWE 24 CLARA BARTON 28 ANNIE OAKLEY 32 JULIETTE GORDON LOW 36 IDA B. WELLS-BARNETT 41 MARY MCLEOD BETHUNE 45 FRANCES PERKINS 50 JEANETTE RANKIN 56 ALICE PAUL 60 MARIAN ANDERSON 64 FANNIE LOU HAMER 69 SHIRLEY CHISHOLM 73 MARIA TALLCHIEF 78 PATSY TAKEMOTO MINK 81 DOLORES HUERTA 85 SALLY RIDE 89 1 FORWARD What if everything you knew about the world came only from one of the history books I used in school? It’s safe to say there would be substantial gaps in your knowledge. There’s also a pretty good chance that you would conclude that most everyone on earth—at least most everyone worth remembering—was both white and male.
    [Show full text]
  • Dedication Planned for New National Suffrage Memorial
    Equality Day is August 26 March is Women's History Month NATIONAL WOMEN'S HISTORY ALLIANCE Women Win the Vote Before1920 Celebrating the Centennial of Women's Suffrage 1920 & Beyond You're Invited! Celebrate the 100th Anniversary of Women’s Right to Vote Learn What’s Happening in Your State and Online HROUGHOUT 2020, Americans will celebrate the Tcentennial of the extension of the right to vote to women. When Congress passed the 19th Amendment in 1919, and 36 states ratified it by August 1920, women’s right to vote was enshrined in the U.S. Constitution. Now there are local, state and national centennial celebrations in the works including shows and © Trevor Stamp © Trevor parades, parties and plays, films The Women’s Suffrage Centennial float in the Rose Parade in Pasadena, California, was seen by millions on January 1, 2020. On the float were the and performers, teas and more. descendants of suffragists including Ida B. Wells, Susan B. Anthony, Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Ten rows of Learn more, get involved, enjoy the ten women in white followed, waving to the crowd. Trevor Stamp photo. activities, and recognize as never before that women’s hard fought Dedication Planned for New achievements are an important part of American history. National Suffrage Memorial HE TURNING POINT Suffra- were jailed over 100 years ago. This gist Memorial, a permanent marked a critical turning point in suffrage Inside This Issue: tribute to the American women’s history. Great Resources T © Robert Beach suffrage movement, will be unveiled on Spread over an acre, the park-like A rendering of the Memorial August 26, 2020 in Lorton, Virginia.
    [Show full text]
  • The National American Woman Suffrage Association 1890 (NAWSA) MUNUC 33 1 the National American Woman Suffrage Association 1890 (NAWSA)| MUNUC 33
    The National American Woman Suffrage Association 1890 (NAWSA) MUNUC 33 1 The National American Woman Suffrage Association 1890 (NAWSA)| MUNUC 33 TABLE OF CONTENTS ______________________________________________________ A NOTE ON INTERSECTIONALITY FROM THE DAIS………...……….………3 CHAIR LETTERS………………………….….…………………..…….…….....…5 COMMITTEE STRUCTURE.……………..………………………………………..9 TOPIC A: ORGANIZING THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT……….14 Statement of the Problem……………….……………..………….…14 History of the Problem………………………………………………….26 Roster……………………………………………………………………..30 Bibliography……………………………………………………………..66 2 The National American Woman Suffrage Association 1890 (NAWSA)| MUNUC 33 A NOTE ON INTERSECTIONALITY FROM THE DAIS ____________________________________________________ Dear Delegates, Welcome to the National American Woman’s Suffrage Association - where you will spend your weekend writing and voting on policy that will advance gender equality and grant women the rights that they deserve. We hope this committee will provoke conversations, creativity, and a hard (and even critical) look at the movement that led to the enfranchisement of the largest group of voters at a single time. Our goal with running this committee is to teach you about how to organize and run a political movement. However, we also want you to understand and critique how political movements have worked in the past. In order to do this, we must confront both the parts of our history that are commendable and inspiring, as well as the parts of our history in which people were discriminatory or acted in a manner that we would not support today. The history we will be discussing is not faultless, and deals with racist, antisemitic, and homophobic actors both outside and within the suffrage movement. Some of you have been assigned characters who hold problematic, prejudiced beliefs.
    [Show full text]
  • Reclaiming Our Voice Levin G
    Women at NJ Women's Party headquarters in Newark doing both suffrage and war work. When the United States entered World War I, suffragists and anti-suffragists worked with the Red Cross in relief work, organized women to sew, knit, and prepare surgical dressings for the military, and, like the women in this photo, raise money in Liberty Loan drives. Suffragists believed their active loyalty and support would make woman suffrage inevitable. Reclaiming Our Voice | Carol Simon Levin | www.GardenStateLegacy.com GSL 47 March 2020 n March 31, 1776, Abigail Adams was minding farm, family, and Ofinances in Massachusetts when she wrote a letter to her husband John, a delegate at the Continental Congress in Philadelphia: I long to hear that you have declared independence—and by the way in the new code of laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would remember the ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands. Remember all men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice, or representation . Abigail Adams (1744-1818) Two weeks later, on April 14, 1776, her husband replied that she was by Crina Magalio “so saucy” and he could not “but laugh” at her “extraordinary code of laws.” After commenting that freed northern slaves, apprentices, and the poor were demanding equal rights, he worried “Another tribe Abigail Adams and the other drawings of women's rights [women], more numerous and powerful than all the rest,” would also be activists are the work of some of the talented artists arguing for equality.
    [Show full text]
  • Lucy Stone and Her Legacy As a Defiant Pioneer for Feminism Sabrina Calazans Arcadia University, [email protected]
    Arcadia University ScholarWorks@Arcadia Faculty Curated Undergraduate Works Undergraduate Research Fall 2015 Lucy Stone and Her Legacy as a Defiant Pioneer for Feminism Sabrina Calazans Arcadia University, [email protected] Arcadia University has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits ouy . Your story matters. Thank you. Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.arcadia.edu/undergrad_works Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Calazans, Sabrina, "Lucy Stone and Her Legacy as a Defiant Pioneer for Feminism" (2015). Faculty Curated Undergraduate Works. Paper 27. http://scholarworks.arcadia.edu/undergrad_works/27 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Research at ScholarWorks@Arcadia. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Curated Undergraduate Works by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@Arcadia. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Running head: LUCY STONE PIONEER 1 Lucy Stone and Her Legacy as a Defiant Pioneer for Feminism Sabrina Calazans Well-Behaved Women Seldom Make History, Dr. Jeanne Buckley 08 December 2015 Running head: LUCY STONE PIONEER 2 Abstract According to society, Lucy Stone was a badly-behaved woman, but according to her impact on feminism today, Stone was just an intelligent, courageous and outspoken woman. Stone succeeded in becoming the first woman from her state of Massachusetts to earn a college degree and became the first woman to not take her husband’s last name. By not letting societal norms and ideals hold her back from doing what she wanted, Stone worked through hardships and challenges in both her personal and professional life, but she soldiered on and continued voicing her thoughts and opinions to women nationwide.
    [Show full text]