DOCSLIB.ORG

International Workshop on Groundnuts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Workshop on Groundnuts Proceedings International Workshop on Groundnuts International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Proceedings of the International Workshop on Groundnuts ICRISAT Center Patancheru, India 1 3 - 1 7 October 1980 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ICRISAT Patancheru P.O. Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India Correct citation: ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics). 1980. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Groundnuts, 13-17 October, 1980, Patancheru, A.P., India. Workshop Coordinator and Scientific Editor R. W. Gibbons Publication Editor J. V. Mertin The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is a nonprofit scientific educational institute receiving support from a variety of donors. Responsibility for the information in this publication rests with ICRISAT or the individual authors. Where trade names are used this does not constitute endorsement of or discrimination against any product by the Institute. Contents F o r e w o r d vii O p e n i n g S e s s i o n 1 Welcome and Overview of ICRISAT L. D. Swindale 3 Research at ICRISAT — An Overview J. S. Kanwar 6 ICRISAT's International Cooperative Program J. C. Davies 8 The ICRISAT Groundnut Program R. W. Gibbons 12 S e s s i o n 2 — Research O r g a n i z a t i o n a n d D e v e l o p m e n t 17 Indian Coordinated Research Project on Vikram Singh 19 Oilseeds with Special Reference to Groundnut The Role and Function of the IHRO in P. Gillier 25 Groundnut Research and Development Peanut Collaborative Research Support C. R. Jackson and 31 Program Planning D. G. Cummins Research and Extension Inputs Resulting Ray O. Hammons 33 in High Yields of Groundnuts in the USA Summary of Discussion — Session 2 40 S e s s i o n 3 — G e n e t i c s a n d B r e e d i n g 45 Groundnut Genetic Resources at ICRISAT V. R. Rao 47 Breeding Methodology for Groundnuts A. J. Norden 58 Groundnut Breeding at ICRISAT S. N. Nigam, S. L. Dwivedi, 62 and R. W. Gibbons Summary of Discussion — Session 3 69 S e s s i o n 4 — C y t o g e n e t i c s a n d Utilization of W i l d S p e c i e s 71 Cytogenetic Investigations in the Genus H. T. Stalker 73 Arachis Utilization of Wild Arachis Species at A. K. Singh, D. C. Sastri, 82 ICRISAT and J. P. Moss Summary of Discussion — Session 4 91 S e s s i o n 5 — C r o p N u t r i t i o n a n d A g r o n o m y 93 Increasing Nitrogen Fixation of the J. C. Wynne, G. H. Elkan, 95 Groundnut by Strain and Host Selection and T. J. Schneeweis Studies on Nitrogen Fixation by Groundnut P. T. C. Nambiar and 110 at ICRISAT P. J. Dart Physiological Basis for Increased Yield D. E. McCloud, W. G. Duncan, 125 Potential in Peanuts R. L. McGraw, P. K. Sibale, K. T. Ingram, J. Dreyer, and I. S. Campbell Groundnut in Intercropping Systems M. S. Reddy, C. N. Floyd, 133 and R. W. Willey Summary of Discussion — Session 5 143 S e s s i o n 6 — G r o u n d n u t E n t o m o l o g y 147 Resistance of Groundnuts to Insects W. V. Campbell and 149 and Mites J. C. Wynne Groundnut Pest Research at ICRISAT P. W. Amin and 158 A. B. Mohammad Summary of Discussion — Session 6 167 Session 7 — G r o u n d n u t P a t h o l o g y 169 Cylindrocladium Black Rot (CBR) Disease Marvin K. Beute 171 of Peanut Sclerotinia Blight of Groundnut — a D. Morris Porter 177 Disease of Major Importance in the USA Groundnut Foliar Diseases in the United States D. H. Smith 186 Research on Fungal Diseases of Groundnut P. Subrahmanyam, 193 at ICRISAT V. K. Mehan, D. J. Nevill, and D. McDonald Studies of Resistance to Foliar Pathogens D. J. Nevill 199 International Aspects of Groundnut Virus D. V. R. Reddy 203 Research Groundnut Virus Research at ICRISAT A. M. Ghanekar 211 Summary of Discussion — Session 7 217 S e s s i o n 8 — C o u n t r y R e p o r t s 221 Asia and Australia Australia K. J. Middleton 223 Bangladesh M. A. Hamid 226 Burma U. Win Naing 230 Malaysia Halim B. Hamat and 233 Ramli B. Mohd. Noor Thailand Arwooth Na Lampang, 237 Terd Charoenwatana and Dumrong Tiyawalee South America Argentina Jose R. Pietrarelli 241 Brazil A. S. Pompeu 244 Venezuela Bruno Mazzani 247 iv Africa Malawi P. K. Sibale and C. T. Kisyombe 249 Mali D. Soumano 254 Mozambique A. D. Malithano 257 Niger A. Mounkaila 262 Nigeria S. M. Misari, C. Harkness, 264 and A. M. Fowler Senegal J. Gautreau and O. De Pins 274 Sudan H. M. Ishag, M. A. Ali, 282 and A. B. Ahmadi Tanzania A. Bolton 285 Zimbabwe G. L. Hildebrand 290 Summary of Discussion — Session 8 297 S e s s i o n 9 — P l e n a r y S e s s i o n 301 Chairmen Summaries 303 General Discussion 308 A p p e n d i x 1 — Poster S e s s i o n P a p e r s 313 A p p e n d i x II — P a r t i c i p a n t s 319 v F o r e w o r d One of the important functions of an international research institute is the holding of workshops, conferences, and symposia where delegates from many parts of the world can meet together to discuss research problems and progress. ICRISAT has hosted many such workshops, but this is the first one that has been held solely for groundnuts. It was an appropriate time to hold such a meeting, as our program at ICRISAT Center is almost fully staffed and we are preparing to place staff at research stations in Africa. The research program of ICRISAT presented at the Groundnut Workshop and the deliberations and discussions thereon clearly indicate that the Institute's main lines of research, aimed at overcoming major yield-reducing constraints, are appropriate and welcome. One area that undoubtedly needs early and more concentrated attention is drought resistance. It is alarming to hear of the devastation that has affected groundnut production and reduced the cultivated area, particularly in the drier zones of West Africa. We are pleased that the groundnut physiology program is now under way, and we look forward to fruitful cooperation with our colleagues in national programs. It is also pleasing to find that the Indian groundnut research program is being strengthened and that a new national center is being formed in the high production area of Gujarat State. This is very appropriate because of the large deficit of vegetable oils in India, which in turn means that precious foreign exchange has to be spent on imports despite India being the largest groundnut producer in the world. There is undoubtedly also a pressing need in many other parts of the world to increase groundnut production and initiate more research. We believe that ICRISAT can help. On behalf of ICRISAT I would like to thank all the delegates, many of w h o m travelled far to Hyderabad, for making this workshop a success. L D. Swindale Director General vii Opening Session Chairman: R. W. Gibbons W e l c o m e and O v e r v i e w o f I C R I S A T L. D. Swindale* It is with very considerable pleasure that I ceeds PET giving us normally enough water to welcome you to ICRISAT and to our first Interna- grow crops, and a little extra. One of the things tional Workshop on Groundnuts. This morning I that we are doing in ICRISAT is trying to deter- want to give you an overview of ICRISAT and its mine if we can make good use of that little extra. activities. I will not deal very much with The semi-arid tropics cover a very large area of groundnuts because you are going to discuss the world including a large part of the African this subject in depth over the next f e w days. continent, most of the South Asian subconti- ICRISAT is the International Crops Research nent, appreciable and significant areas in the Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. Our logo Americas, other parts of Asia, and Australasia. shows that we work on cereals, and on legumes, Much of the world production of the five and because we are working in the semi-arid ICRISAT crops is consumed as human food in tropics, our logo also reminds us of the impor- the SAT. The crops are low in cash value and tance of every drop of water, the scarcest with one exception (groundnuts), do not enter natural resource in the region. world trade to any extent. There has been very There are four objectives in the mandate little research in the developed countries on statement of ICRISAT — (1) to serve as a world most of these crops, mainly because they are center for the improvement of the genetic po- tropical and subtropical crops, and inadequate tential for grain yield and quality of groundnuts, research in the developing countries.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biology of the Bruchidae +6178
    Ann. Rev. Entomol 1979. 24:449-73 Copyright @ 1979 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved BIOLOGY OF THE BRUCHIDAE +6178 B. J. Southgate Biology Department, Pest Infestation Control Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food, Slough SL3 7HJ, Berks, England INTRODUCTION Species of Bruchidae breed in every continent except Antarctica. The larg­ est number of species live in the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. Many species have obvious economic importance because they breed on grain legumes and consume valuable proteins that would otherwise be eaten by man. Other species, however, destroy seeds of an immense number of leguminous trees and shrubs, which, though they have no obvious economic value, stem the advance of the deserts into the marginal cultivated areas of the world. When this ecosystem is mismanaged by practices such as over­ grazing, then any organism that restricts the normal regeneration of seed­ lings will, in the long run, affect agriculture adversely. This has been demonstrated recently in some African and Middle Eastern semiarid zones (65). The present interest in the management of arid areas and in the introduc­ Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1979.24:449-473. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by Copyright Clearance Center on 11/01/20. For personal use only. tion of alternative tree species to provide timber, fodder, or shade has stimulated a detailed study of the ecology of some leguminous trees and shrubs that has revealed some deleterious effects of bruchid beetles on the seeds of these plants (42, 43, 59). It has also emphasized the inadequacy of our knowledge of the taxonomy and biology of these beetles.
    [Show full text]
  • EVALUATION of IMPROVED GRAIN STORAGE PRACTICES for the MANAGEMENT of GROUNDNUT BRUCHID Caryedon Serratus OLIVIER (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE)
    EVALUATION OF IMPROVED GRAIN STORAGE PRACTICES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDNUT BRUCHID Caryedon serratus OLIVIER (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) YELLAGONI SWATHI B. Sc. (Ag.) MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE (ENTOMOLOGY) 2016 EVALUATION OF IMPROVED GRAIN STORAGE PRACTICES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDNUT BRUCHID Caryedon serratus OLIVIER (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) BY YELLAGONI SWATHI B. Sc. (Ag.) THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE (ENTOMOLOGY) CHAIRPERSON: Dr. P. RAJANIKANTH DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD – 500 030 PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY 2016 DECLARATION I, Ms. Y. SWATHI, hereby declare that the thesis entitled “EVALUATION OF IMPROVED GRAIN STORAGE PRACTICES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDNUT BRUCHID Caryedon serratus OLIVIER. (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE)” submitted to the PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY for the degree of Master of Science in Agriculture is the result of original research work done by me. I also declare that any material contained in the thesis has not been published earlier in any manner. Place: Hyderabad (Y. SWATHI) Date: 18-7-16 I. D. No. RAM/14-32 CERTIFICATE Ms. Y. SWATHI has satisfactorily prosecuted the course of research and that the thesis entitled “EVALUATION OF IMPROVED GRAIN STORAGE PRACTICES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDNUT BRUCHID Caryedon serratus OLIVIER. (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE)” submitted is the result of original research work and is of sufficiently high standard to warrant its presentation to the examination. I also certify that neither the thesis nor its part thereof has been previously submitted by him for a degree of any University.
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook on Groundnut Insect Pests Identification and Management
    ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium Science with a human face The International Crops Research ICRISAT-Patancheru ICRISAT-Bamako ICRISAT-Nairobi Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (Headquarters) (Regional hub WCA) (Regional hub ESA) (ICRISAT) is a non-profit, non-political Patancheru 502 324 BP 320 PO Box 39063, Nairobi, organization that conducts agricultural Andhra Pradesh, India Bamako, Mali Kenya research for development in Asia and Tel +91 40 30713071 Tel +223 20 709200 Tel +254 20 7224550 sub-Saharan Africa with a wide array Fax +91 40 30713074 Fax +223 20 709201 Fax +254 20 7224001 of partners throughout the world. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Covering 6.5 million square kilometers of land in 55 countries, the semi-arid ICRISAT-Liaison Office ICRISAT-Bulawayo ICRISAT-Maputo tropics have over 2 billion people, of CG Centers Block Matopos Research Station c/o IIAM, Av. das FPLM No 2698 whom 644 million are the poorest of NASC Complex PO Box 776 Caixa Postal 1906 ICRISAT the poor. ICRISAT innovations help Dev Prakash Shastri Marg Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Maputo, Mozambique the dryland poor move from poverty New Delhi 110 012, India Tel +263 383 311 to 15 Tel +258 21 461657 to prosperity by harnessing markets Tel +91 11 32472306 to 08 Fax +263 383 307 Fax +258 21 461581 www.icrisat.org while managing risks – a strategy About Fax +91 11 25841294 [email protected] [email protected] called Inclusive Market-Oriented Development (IMOD). ICRISAT- Kano ICRISAT-Niamey ICRISAT-Lilongwe ICRISAT is headquartered in PMB 3491 BP 12404, Niamey Chitedze Agricultural Patancheru near Hyderabad, Andhra Sabo Bakin Zuwo Road, Niger (Via Paris) Research Station Pradesh, India, with two regional hubs Tarauni, Kano, Nigeria Tel +227 20722529, PO Box 1096 and five country offices in sub-Saharan Tel: +234 7034889836; 20722725 Lilongwe, Malawi Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on Cocoa Beans Upm
    UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA EFFICIENT SOLAR HEATER BOX FOR CONTROL OF Tribolium castaneum (HERBST) (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) ON COCOA BEANS UPM GAMBO ABDULLAHI COPYRIGHT © FP 2017 33 EFFICIENT SOLAR HEATER BOX FOR CONTROL OF Tribolium castaneum (HERBST) (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) ON COCOA BEANS UPM By GAMBO ABDULLAHI COPYRIGHT Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, in © Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2017 COPYRIGHT All material contained within the thesis, including without limitation text, logos, icons, photographs and all other artwork, is copyright material of Universiti Putra Malaysia unless otherwise stated. Use may be made of any material contained within the thesis for non-commercial purposes from the copyright holder. Commercial use of material may only be made with the express, prior, written permission of Universiti Putra Malaysia. Copyright © Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM COPYRIGHT © DEDICATION To my family members UPM COPYRIGHT © Abstract of thesis presented to Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy EFFICIENT SOLAR HEATER BOX FOR CONTROL OF Tribolium castaneum (HERBST) (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) ON COCOA BEANS By GAMBO ABDULLAHI October 2017 UPM Chairman : Professor Rita Muhamad Awang, PhD Faculty : Agriculture Insect infestation is one of the factors that is normally considered during the grading of cocoa beans. Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is one of the insect pests that has been consistently found attacking cocoa beans in Malaysia. Solar heater boxes of smaller sizes have been found to be effective in collection and retention of solar radiation as heat at levels lethal to stored product arthropod pest inside the box.
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook of the Bruchidae of the United States and Canada Introduction to the Acrobat Pdf Edition
    Handbook of the Bruchidae of the United States and Canada Introduction to the Acrobat pdf edition The Acrobat pdf version of this publication, though identical in content to the print version, differs slightly in format from the print version. Also, in volume 2 the items on the errata list for the print version have been corrected. [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK] United States Department of Agriculture Handbook of the Agricultural Research Bruchidae of the United Service Technical States and Canada Bulletin Number 1912 November 2004 (Insecta, Coleoptera) Volume I I II United States Department of Agriculture Handbook of the Agricultural Research Bruchidae of the United Service Technical States and Canada Bulletin Number 1912 November 2004 (Insecta, Coleoptera) John M. Kingsolver Volume I Kingsolver was research entomologist, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. He is presently research associate with the Florida State Collection of Arthropods. III Abstract Hemisphere. It provides the means to identify these insects for taxonomists, students, museum curators, biodiver- Kingsolver, John M. 2004. Handbook of sity workers, port identifiers, and ecolo- the Bruchidae of the United States and gists conducting studies in rangeland, Canada (Insecta, Coleoptera). U.S. Depart- pasture, and forest management in the ment of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin United States and Canada. 1912, 2 vol., 636 pp. Mention of commercial products in this Distinguishing characteristics and diag- publication is solely for the purpose of nostic keys are given for the 5 subfami- providing specific information and does lies, 24 genera, and 156 species of the not imply recommendation or endorse- seed beetle family Bruchidae of the Unit- ment by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Bio-Efficacy of Certain Grain Protectants Against Groundnut Bruchid, Caryedon Serratus (Olivier) HASANAB A
    Research Paper : Bio-efficacy of certain grain protectants against groundnut bruchid, Caryedon serratus (Olivier) HASANAB A. NADAF, S.R.K. RAO, N.R.G. VERMA AND V.R.K. MURTHY International Journal of Plant Protection (April, 2010), Vol. 3 No. 1 : 60-64 See end of the article for authors’ affiliations SUMMARY Correspondence to : Effect of certain grain protectants against groundnut bruchid Caryedon serratus was studied in the S.R.K. RAO Department of laboratory. It indicated that the treatment with sweet flag rhizome powder (10 g/kg ) was found to be Entomology, College of effective in disrupting the bruchid development by recording pods with no eggs, no pod damage and no Agriculture, Acharya adult emergence for the first two months. The pods treated with neem seed kernel powder (10 g/kg) N.G. Ranga Agricultural protected the pods effectively against C. serratus for the first two months by recording 1.69 and 2.06% University, pod damage. Spinosad and deltamethrin proved their merit throughout experimental period by achieving HYDERABAD (A.P.) zero per cent pods with egg, pod damage for first two months and adult emergence for first three months INDIA after treatment. roundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an and quantity of stored groundnut. The extent Gimportant oilseed crop in many parts of of damage of bruchid was recorded as 77 per the tropics, particularly in semi-arid areas. It is cent in pods by Kumari et al. (2002) and 50 to the world’s fourth most important source of 70 per cent by Devi and Rao (2000). edible oil and third most important source of Indiscriminate use of toxic pesticides for vegetable protein.
    [Show full text]
  • The Stored Product Pest Tribolium Castaneum and the Forest Pest Predator Dastarcus Helophoroides
    Olfactory Responses of Two Coleopteran Species: The Stored Product Pest Tribolium castaneum and The Forest Pest Predator Dastarcus helophoroides DISSERTATION In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) of the Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology Georg-August-University Göttingen submitted by Karthi Balakrishnan born on 13th May 1984, Nambarai, Tamil Nadu, India Göttingen, 2019 Thesis committee --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1st Reviewer Prof. Dr. Andreas Schuldt Department of Forest Nature Conservation Georg-August-University, Göttingen 2nd Reviewer Prof. Dr. Ernst A. Wimmer Department of Developmental Biology Georg-August-University, Göttingen Members of the Examination Board 1st Examiner Prof. Dr. Andreas Schuldt Department of Forest Nature Conservation Georg-August-University, Göttingen 2nd Examiner Prof. Dr. Ernst A. Wimmer Department of Developmental Biology Georg-August-University, Göttingen 3rd Examiner Prof. Dr. Michael Rostás Department for Crop Sciences, Agricultural Entomology Georg-August University Goettingen Date of Oral Examination: 10th May 2019 Abstract --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Olfaction is unavoidable in guiding insect behaviors. Detection of odorant molecules by the principle anatomical structure, the antenna, is thought to result from direct activation of odorant receptors (ORs) by odor molecules.
    [Show full text]
  • Drosophila | Other Diptera | Ephemeroptera
    NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY ARCHIVED FILE Archived files are provided for reference purposes only. This file was current when produced, but is no longer maintained and may now be outdated. Content may not appear in full or in its original format. All links external to the document have been deactivated. For additional information, see http://pubs.nal.usda.gov. United States Department of Agriculture Information Resources on the Care and Use of Insects Agricultural 1968-2004 Research Service AWIC Resource Series No. 25 National Agricultural June 2004 Library Compiled by: Animal Welfare Gregg B. Goodman, M.S. Information Center Animal Welfare Information Center National Agricultural Library U.S. Department of Agriculture Published by: U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Library Animal Welfare Information Center Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Contact us : http://awic.nal.usda.gov/contact-us Web site: http://awic.nal.usda.gov Policies and Links Adult Giant Brown Cricket Insecta > Orthoptera > Acrididae Tropidacris dux (Drury) Photographer: Ronald F. Billings Texas Forest Service www.insectimages.org Contents How to Use This Guide Insect Models for Biomedical Research [pdf] Laboratory Care / Research | Biocontrol | Toxicology World Wide Web Resources How to Use This Guide* Insects offer an incredible advantage for many different fields of research. They are relatively easy to rear and maintain. Their short life spans also allow for reduced times to complete comprehensive experimental studies. The introductory chapter in this publication highlights some extraordinary biomedical applications. Since insects are so ubiquitous in modeling various complex systems such as nervous, reproduction, digestive, and respiratory, they are the obvious choice for alternative research strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxic, Repellent and Antifeedant
    UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DEL MOLISE Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences PhD Course in: AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (CURRICULUM: Sustainable plant production and protection) (CYCLE XXIX) PhD thesis TOXIC, REPELLENT AND ANTIFEEDANT ACTIVITIES OF LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA MILLER (LAMIACEAE) ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST SITOPHILUS GRANARIUS (L.) (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) ADULTS S.S.D. AGR/11 Coordinator of the PhD Course: Prof. Giuseppe Maiorano Supervisor: Prof. Giuseppe Rotundo Co-Supervisor: Prof. Antonio De Cristofaro PhD Student: Maria Giovanna Di Stefano Matr: 151609 Academic Year 2015/2016 INDEX RIASSUNTO pag. 4 1. INTRODUCTION pag. 6 1.1. ESSENTIAL OIL (EO) pag. 7 1.2 PLANT pag. 8 1.2.1 THE LAMIACEAE FAMILY pag. 8 1.2.2 LAVANDULA GENUS pag. 8 1.2.3 LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA MILLER pag. 11 1.3 INSECT pag. 12 1.3.1 COLEOPTERA pag. 12 1.3.2 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BEETLES pag. 13 1.3.3 FAMILY CURCULIONIDAE, THE SNOUT BEETLES pag. 16 1.3.4 THE GRANARY WEEVIL, SITOPHILUS GRANARIUS (L.) pag. 16 1.3.5 PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF S.GRANARIUS pag.20 1.4. INERT DUSTS pag. 22 1.4.1 GROUPS pag. 22 1.4.2 APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE pag 24 2. AIM OF THE WORK pag 29 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS pag. 30 3.1. PLANT MATERIAL pag. 30 3.2. EXTRACTION pag. 31 3.3 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS pag. 31 3.4. INSECT pag. 32 3.5. BIOASSAY TO EVALUATE ACTIVITY OF EO pag. 32 3.5.1 CONTACT TOXICITY pag. 32 3.5.2 FUMIGANT TOXICITY pag. 33 3.5.3 REPELLENCY ON FILTER PAPER DISC pag.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants in the Genus Tephrosia: Valuable Resources for Botanical Insecticides
    insects Review Plants in the Genus Tephrosia: Valuable Resources for Botanical Insecticides Peiwen Zhang 1,2, Deqiang Qin 1, Jianjun Chen 2,* and Zhixiang Zhang 1,* 1 A Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; peiwen.zhang@ufl.edu (P.Z.); [email protected] (D.Q.) 2 Department of Environmental Horticulture and Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA * Correspondence: jjchen@ufl.edu (J.C.); [email protected] (Z.Z.) Received: 1 October 2020; Accepted: 19 October 2020; Published: 21 October 2020 Simple Summary: There is an increasing interest in botanical insecticides worldwide. Plants from the genus Tephrosia are rich in bioactive phytochemicals, particularly rotenoids which include rotenone, deguelin, rotenolone, and tephrosin. Rotenoids have strong insecticidal activities against a wider range of pests. However, there has been no treatise thus far focusing on Tephrosia as insecticidal plants. This article is intended to review phytochemicals produced by selected species, their insecticidal activities, and the current status on the use of Tephrosia as botanical insecticidal plants for insect pest control. Abstract: Synthetic insecticides are effective in controlling insect pests but can also harm nontarget organisms and the environment. During the last 40 years, there has been an increasing interest in alternative insecticides, particularly those derived from plants, commonly known as botanical insecticides. However, commercially available botanical insecticides remain limited. Rotenone is one of the earliest identified compounds and was used as fish poison and pest management.
    [Show full text]
  • Biocidal Effect of Leaves of Crataeva Religiosa Forst on a Resistant Strain of Groundnut Bean Caryedon Serratus (Olivier)
    Advances in Entomology, 2019, 7, 81-91 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ae ISSN Online: 2331-2017 ISSN Print: 2331-1991 Biocidal Effect of Leaves of Crataeva religiosa Forst on a Resistant Strain of Groundnut Bean Caryedon serratus (Olivier) Aminata Gningue, Toffène Diome, Khady Fall, Mbacké Sembène Genetic Team and Population Management, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal How to cite this paper: Gningue, A., Di- Abstract ome, T., Fall, K. and Sembène, M. (2019) Biocidal Effect of Leaves of Crataeva religi- Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a legume that is highly coveted by West osa Forst on a Resistant Strain of Ground- African populations, particularly those in Senegal. However, it suffers enormous nut Bean Caryedon serratus (Olivier). Ad- damage caused by a bruchidae beetle, Caryedon serratus. This lust rests on its vances in Entomology, 7, 81-91. richness in proteins, calories and the absence of major constraints for its https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2019.74007 production. Losses recorded can reach 83% for a period of 4 months of sto- Received: August 12, 2019 rage. To counter this damage, several authors have looked for alternative Accepted: September 15, 2019 methods to the use of synthetic insecticides, often harmful to animal popula- Published: September 18, 2019 tions and the environment. In this logic, we tested the biological impact of a Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and leaf-based formulation of plants indigenous to Senegal (Crateva religiosa) on Scientific Research Publishing Inc. the external forms of C. serratus. In this study, analysis of the biological pa- This work is licensed under the Creative rameters of strain C.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Paper Effect of Insecticides on Adult Ground Nut Beetle In
    Volume : 5 | Issue : 6 | June 2016 ISSN - 2250-1991 | IF : 5.215 | IC Value : 77.65 Research Paper Agricultural Science Effect of Insecticides on Adult Ground Nut Beetle in Storage Condition Pravasini Behera College of Agriculture, OUAT, BBSR, ODISHA Dibyasunder Kar KVK Dhenkanal, OUAT ,Bhubaneswar,ODISHA Dharitri Patra KVK Jajpur, OUAT, Bhubaneswar,ODISHA KVK Puri, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology ,Bhu- Anita Mohanty baneswar, ODISHA Ground nut seed beetle is a serious pest of ground nut in stored condition. The groundnut seed infestation by Caryedon serratus (Coleoptera) whose larva develop within the seed by consuming the reserves contained in the cotyledon, brings about great losses from 70 to 83% between 4 and 6 months of storage .The experiment on the management of the ground nut beetle was conducted in the laboratory condition. The purpose of this study was to identify the relative efficacy of five popular chemicals used in storage condition to determine their LC50 doses to the adult beetles. Relative toxicity of these ABSTRACT insecticides followed by cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos, endosulfan, deltamethrin and mlathion. KEYWORDS Insecticides, Relative toxicity, Ground nut beetle, cotyledon, Adult , Larvae INTRODUCTION Table-1 List of insecticides used for base-line toxicity. Groundnut is among the oil seed productions which contrib- Strength of ute more widely to the covering of nutritional needs (in par- Sl. No. Insecticides Trade name insecticides tried ticular, proteinic and calorific). Groundnut is rich in vitamins, (%) minerals and oil. Its other importance is in the livestock in- 1 Endosulfan Hildan 35 EC 0.0004 to 0.8 dustry, fibre production and restoration of soil fertility/erosion 2 Malathion Suthion 50EC 0.001 to 0.01 control (Okigbo, 1978).
    [Show full text]