DOCSLIB.ORG

The Stored Product Pest Tribolium Castaneum and the Forest Pest Predator Dastarcus Helophoroides

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Stored Product Pest Tribolium Castaneum and the Forest Pest Predator Dastarcus Helophoroides Olfactory Responses of Two Coleopteran Species: The Stored Product Pest Tribolium castaneum and The Forest Pest Predator Dastarcus helophoroides DISSERTATION In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) of the Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology Georg-August-University Göttingen submitted by Karthi Balakrishnan born on 13th May 1984, Nambarai, Tamil Nadu, India Göttingen, 2019 Thesis committee --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1st Reviewer Prof. Dr. Andreas Schuldt Department of Forest Nature Conservation Georg-August-University, Göttingen 2nd Reviewer Prof. Dr. Ernst A. Wimmer Department of Developmental Biology Georg-August-University, Göttingen Members of the Examination Board 1st Examiner Prof. Dr. Andreas Schuldt Department of Forest Nature Conservation Georg-August-University, Göttingen 2nd Examiner Prof. Dr. Ernst A. Wimmer Department of Developmental Biology Georg-August-University, Göttingen 3rd Examiner Prof. Dr. Michael Rostás Department for Crop Sciences, Agricultural Entomology Georg-August University Goettingen Date of Oral Examination: 10th May 2019 Abstract --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Olfaction is unavoidable in guiding insect behaviors. Detection of odorant molecules by the principle anatomical structure, the antenna, is thought to result from direct activation of odorant receptors (ORs) by odor molecules. Besides ORs, several other olfactory components are involved in insect olfaction, e.g. odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are highly expressed in insect olfactory tissues, mainly antenna and involved in the first step of odorant reception. Improved knowledge of the olfaction of pest insects or beneficial insects may contribute to identifying new attractants/repellents and support in the development of pest insect control strategies. The overall objective of this study was to identify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that could modulate the olfactory responses of the stored product pest Tribolium castaneum and the forest insect predator Dastarcus helophoroides. The first part of this research work, began with the investigation of the electroantennographic (EAG) responses of the most destructive stored product pest insect T. castaneum. Despite the importance of this beetle as “model organism” in population ecology, evolution, and mathematical studies, there is no systemic olfactory information available on this beetle. EAG responses from both sexes of T. castaneum to 94 VOCs were recorded and identified more than 90% of tested compounds to elicit antennal responses at high concentration (10-1). Specifically, the volatile compounds undecane, 1-hexen-3-ol, octanal, 2-heptanone, 2-pentanone, hexanoic acid, and ethyl hexanoate were eliciting the strongest EAG responses within the compound group of chemical similarity. Additionally, comparison of vapor pressure with the strength of the EAG amplitudes revealed these compounds were outstanding within a homologous series of compounds. This effort is the first to identify several perceived compounds by both sexes of T. castaneum beetles. RNAi experiments and EAG recordings were performed to investigate the roles of the highly expressed OBPs TcasOBP9A and TcasOBP9B in the olfactory reception of both sexes of T. castaneum. RNAi-treated dsTcasOBP9A and dsTcasOBP9B beetles were injected into the conjunctivum between fourth and fifth abdominal segments of each T. castaneum pupae. It was found that the dsTcasOBP9A injected beetles showed highly significant EAG response reduction to 4,8-dimethyldecanal, (E)-2-heptenal, 2-hexanone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, and β-ionone at most tested dilutions (10-1-10-8). In male beetles, knock-down of TcasOBP9B shows less effective and both gene knock-down revealed a similar effect as the TcasOBP9A single knock-down. But in female beetles, the TcasOBP9B knock-down caused a significant EAG response reduction to all tested VOCs. Similar to the double knock-down situation, which reveal significantly high pronounced response reduction to all tested VOCs at all dilutions. These results provide the first evidence that both TcasOBP9A and TcasOBP9B play important crucial roles in the perception of diverse VOCs. i A practical application of using OBPs is to develop a portable biosensor device with sensing element for detecting disease marker compounds. The above EAG results and the RNAi knockdown studies enabled me to select two OBPs, TcasOBP9A and TcasOBP9B, from T. castaneum and their respective binding ligand 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and 3-octanol. Consequently, for a proof of principle study. These two OBPs were used as sensing element functionalized in a reduced graphene oxide field effect transistor (rGO-FET). Real-time binding affinity measurements by the rGO-FET sensor with selected OBPs to their ligands (in-vitro) and antennal responses of T. castaneum (in-vivo) to the aforementioned ligands revealed to follow the Langmuir model for ligand-OBP interactions. The results demonstrate that TcasOBP9A and TcasOBP9B are able to bind selected odorants when immobilized on rGO-FET and discriminate between ligands binding within a range of concentrations. These results led to a promising possibility to develop a portable sensor system based on rGO-FET and OBP as a sensing element to detect the compound that acts as an indicator for the toxin, early insect infestation on stored products, food contamination, and food degradation by microbial organisms. The second part of this research work, the bothriderid predatory beetle D. helophoroides was selected for examining its olfactory perception, since this beetle’s life cycle is strongly related to several of the most important cerambycid forest tree insect pests. For instance, Monochamus spp., Anoplophora glabripennis, Massicus raddei, Apriona germari, A. swainsoni and Batocera horsfieldi were considered major prey species for D. helophoroides. Antennae of both sexes of D. helophoroides were tested for EAG and behavioral responses to VOCs emitted from their prey infested trees, prey perceiving host volatiles, and larval frass of many preys. Both sexes of the beetle elicited EAG responses to nonanal, octanal, cis-3-hexenol, 3-carene, (R)-(+)-α-pinene, (S)- (-)-α-pinene, (R)-(+)-limonene, and (S)-(-)-limonene. In addition, behavioral tests of D. helophoroides showed that both sexes were significantly attracted to nonanal, cis-3-hexenol, 3- carene, or (R)-(+)-limonene even at low concentrations but were repelled to high concentrations of cis-3-hexenol or (S)-(-)-limonene. These highly attracted compounds might be useful either individually or in mixtures for developing efficient attractants to lure this predatory beetle into forest stands damaged by different cerambycids. By using all these results together with available molecular information of both coleopterans, it should be possible to develop semiochemicals, RNAi approach, or rGO-FET biosensor based integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for controlling stored product pest like T. castaneum and forest insect pests. Furthermore, understanding the regulation of olfactory responses in the model organism T. castaneum will enhance our understanding of the olfaction in beetles in general, and in the long term may lead to developing new pest control strategies. ii Acknowledgements --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. Ernst A. Wimmer. His endless support in difficult situation, encouragement and resourcefulness make him the ultimate co-supervisor. I wish to thank my supervisor, Prof. Dr. Andreas Schuldt, for his support in hard time. I wish to also thank Prof. Dr. Michael Rostás for accepting as an examiner of my PhD defense. I would like to also thank my former supervisor, Prof. Dr. Stefan Schütz, for providing me with guidance, ideas, support, encouragement and assistance during my research studies. I wish to express my deepest gratitude to Dr. Gerrit Holighaus and Dr. Bernhard Weissbecker for their timely help, critical comments, support and discussions during my whole research studies. During my PhD studies the following individuals have contributed resources, ideas and support: Prof. Dr. Niko Balkenhol, Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Rohe, Dr. Martin Gabriel, Dr. Heinrich Lehmann- Danzinger, Lena Marie Simon, Christine Rachow, Jan Seelig, Dr. Maximilian von Fragstein, Thi Phuong Hoang, Andrea Hopf-Biziks, Daniel Jestrzemski, Yadanar Oo, Karly Rayne, Sara Nicke Mühlfeit, Ulrike Eisenwiener, Evelin Kistner, and Andreas Teichmann. I further like to thank all the external persons who supported my research work Dr. Stefan Dippel, Dr. Alice Christine Montino née Metzger, Dr. Lili Ren, Prof. Wolfgang Knoll, Prof. Dr. Petr Karlovsky, Dr. Maria Vinas and Elke Küster. I would also like to thank my beloved parents and sisters for all their love and support Finally, I thank my dear wife Revathi Selvam and my dear child Kathrina Rizpah for giving me forever moral support and love. iii CONTENTS Abstract i Acknowledgements iii Contents iv Abbreviations ix Lists of figures xi Lists of tables xiv Chapter 1 General Introduction 1 1.1. The nature and mechanism of the insect olfaction 1 1.2. Components of the insect olfactory system 3 1.2.1. Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) 3 1.2.2. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Beetle Appreciation Diversity and Classification of Common Beetle Families Christopher E
    Beetle Appreciation Diversity and Classification of Common Beetle Families Christopher E. Carlton Louisiana State Arthropod Museum Coleoptera Families Everyone Should Know (Checklist) Suborder Adephaga Suborder Polyphaga, cont. •Carabidae Superfamily Scarabaeoidea •Dytiscidae •Lucanidae •Gyrinidae •Passalidae Suborder Polyphaga •Scarabaeidae Superfamily Staphylinoidea Superfamily Buprestoidea •Ptiliidae •Buprestidae •Silphidae Superfamily Byrroidea •Staphylinidae •Heteroceridae Superfamily Hydrophiloidea •Dryopidae •Hydrophilidae •Elmidae •Histeridae Superfamily Elateroidea •Elateridae Coleoptera Families Everyone Should Know (Checklist, cont.) Suborder Polyphaga, cont. Suborder Polyphaga, cont. Superfamily Cantharoidea Superfamily Cucujoidea •Lycidae •Nitidulidae •Cantharidae •Silvanidae •Lampyridae •Cucujidae Superfamily Bostrichoidea •Erotylidae •Dermestidae •Coccinellidae Bostrichidae Superfamily Tenebrionoidea •Anobiidae •Tenebrionidae Superfamily Cleroidea •Mordellidae •Cleridae •Meloidae •Anthicidae Coleoptera Families Everyone Should Know (Checklist, cont.) Suborder Polyphaga, cont. Superfamily Chrysomeloidea •Chrysomelidae •Cerambycidae Superfamily Curculionoidea •Brentidae •Curculionidae Total: 35 families of 131 in the U.S. Suborder Adephaga Family Carabidae “Ground and Tiger Beetles” Terrestrial predators or herbivores (few). 2600 N. A. spp. Suborder Adephaga Family Dytiscidae “Predacious diving beetles” Adults and larvae aquatic predators. 500 N. A. spp. Suborder Adephaga Family Gyrindae “Whirligig beetles” Aquatic, on water
    [Show full text]
  • Topic Paper Chilterns Beechwoods
    . O O o . 0 O . 0 . O Shoping growth in Docorum Appendices for Topic Paper for the Chilterns Beechwoods SAC A summary/overview of available evidence BOROUGH Dacorum Local Plan (2020-2038) Emerging Strategy for Growth COUNCIL November 2020 Appendices Natural England reports 5 Chilterns Beechwoods Special Area of Conservation 6 Appendix 1: Citation for Chilterns Beechwoods Special Area of Conservation (SAC) 7 Appendix 2: Chilterns Beechwoods SAC Features Matrix 9 Appendix 3: European Site Conservation Objectives for Chilterns Beechwoods Special Area of Conservation Site Code: UK0012724 11 Appendix 4: Site Improvement Plan for Chilterns Beechwoods SAC, 2015 13 Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI 27 Appendix 5: Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI citation 28 Appendix 6: Condition summary from Natural England’s website for Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI 31 Appendix 7: Condition Assessment from Natural England’s website for Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI 33 Appendix 8: Operations likely to damage the special interest features at Ashridge Commons and Woods, SSSI, Hertfordshire/Buckinghamshire 38 Appendix 9: Views About Management: A statement of English Nature’s views about the management of Ashridge Commons and Woods Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), 2003 40 Tring Woodlands SSSI 44 Appendix 10: Tring Woodlands SSSI citation 45 Appendix 11: Condition summary from Natural England’s website for Tring Woodlands SSSI 48 Appendix 12: Condition Assessment from Natural England’s website for Tring Woodlands SSSI 51 Appendix 13: Operations likely to damage the special interest features at Tring Woodlands SSSI 53 Appendix 14: Views About Management: A statement of English Nature’s views about the management of Tring Woodlands Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), 2003.
    [Show full text]
  • Green-Tree Retention and Controlled Burning in Restoration and Conservation of Beetle Diversity in Boreal Forests
    Dissertationes Forestales 21 Green-tree retention and controlled burning in restoration and conservation of beetle diversity in boreal forests Esko Hyvärinen Faculty of Forestry University of Joensuu Academic dissertation To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Forestry of the University of Joensuu, for public criticism in auditorium C2 of the University of Joensuu, Yliopistonkatu 4, Joensuu, on 9th June 2006, at 12 o’clock noon. 2 Title: Green-tree retention and controlled burning in restoration and conservation of beetle diversity in boreal forests Author: Esko Hyvärinen Dissertationes Forestales 21 Supervisors: Prof. Jari Kouki, Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, Finland Docent Petri Martikainen, Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, Finland Pre-examiners: Docent Jyrki Muona, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoological Museum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Docent Tomas Roslin, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Division of Population Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Opponent: Prof. Bengt Gunnar Jonsson, Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden ISSN 1795-7389 ISBN-13: 978-951-651-130-9 (PDF) ISBN-10: 951-651-130-9 (PDF) Paper copy printed: Joensuun yliopistopaino, 2006 Publishers: The Finnish Society of Forest Science Finnish Forest Research Institute Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Helsinki Faculty of Forestry of the University of Joensuu Editorial Office: The Finnish Society of Forest Science Unioninkatu 40A, 00170 Helsinki, Finland http://www.metla.fi/dissertationes 3 Hyvärinen, Esko 2006. Green-tree retention and controlled burning in restoration and conservation of beetle diversity in boreal forests. University of Joensuu, Faculty of Forestry. ABSTRACT The main aim of this thesis was to demonstrate the effects of green-tree retention and controlled burning on beetles (Coleoptera) in order to provide information applicable to the restoration and conservation of beetle species diversity in boreal forests.
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Pests of Stored Grain Blog
    Insect Pests of Stored Grain Insect Pest Population Potential • Insects are 1/16 to ½ inch depending on the species. • Large numbers insects in small amounts of debris. • 500 female insects • each female produces 200 offspring • 10 million insects in two generations. Adapted from the Penn State University Agronomy Guide Store Grain Insects Economic Damage • Lose up to 10% of the grain weight in a full storage bin • grain bin containing 30,000 bushels of corn valued at $3.00 per bushel would lose $9,000 • The loss does not include dockage or the cost of eliminating the insects from the grain. Adapted from the Penn State University Agronomy Guide Sampling for Bugs Looking for Bugs Docking screens can be used to separate beetles from the grain. Primary Stored Grain Feeders in NYS Weevils • Granary Weevil • Rice Weevil • Maize Weevil Beetles • Lesser Grain Borer Moths • Angoumois grain moth Weevils Have Snouts! Snout No Snout Gary Alpert, Harvard University, Bugwood.org Gary Alpert, Harvard University, Bugwood.org Maize Weevil Lesser Grain Borer Granary weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.) • polished, blackish or brown. • 3/16 of an inch long • no wings • Not in the field • longitudinal punctures- thorax • 80-300 eggs laid • One egg per grain kernel • corn, oats, barley, rye, and wheat Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series , Bugwood.org Rice Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) • 3/32 of an inch. • reddish brown to black • Small round pits-thorax • Has wings with yellow markings • Lays 80-500 eggs inside of grain • One egg per grain kernel • Start in the field • wheat, corn, oats, rye, Joseph Berger, Bugwood.org barley, sorghum, buckwheat, dried beans Maize Weevil Sitophilus zeamais • Very similar to rice weevil • slightly larger • 1/8 of an inch long • Small round pits on thorax with a mid line.
    [Show full text]
  • Jordan Beans RA RMO Dir
    Importation of Fresh Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Shelled or in Pods, from Jordan into the Continental United States A Qualitative, Pathway-Initiated Risk Assessment February 14, 2011 Version 2 Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Pest Risk Assessment for Beans from Jordan Executive Summary In this risk assessment we examined the risks associated with the importation of fresh beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), in pods (French, green, snap, and string beans) or shelled, from the Kingdom of Jordan into the continental United States. We developed a list of pests associated with beans (in any country) that occur in Jordan on any host based on scientific literature, previous commodity risk assessments, records of intercepted pests at ports-of-entry, and information from experts on bean production. This is a qualitative risk assessment, as we express estimates of risk in descriptive terms (High, Medium, and Low) rather than numerically in probabilities or frequencies. We identified seven quarantine pests likely to follow the pathway of introduction. We estimated Consequences of Introduction by assessing five elements that reflect the biology and ecology of the pests: climate-host interaction, host range, dispersal potential, economic impact, and environmental impact. We estimated Likelihood of Introduction values by considering both the quantity of the commodity imported annually and the potential for pest introduction and establishment. We summed the Consequences of Introduction and Likelihood of Introduction values to estimate overall Pest Risk Potentials, which describe risk in the absence of mitigation.
    [Show full text]
  • 4 Reproductive Biology of Cerambycids
    4 Reproductive Biology of Cerambycids Lawrence M. Hanks University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois Qiao Wang Massey University Palmerston North, New Zealand CONTENTS 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 133 4.2 Phenology of Adults ..................................................................................................................... 134 4.3 Diet of Adults ............................................................................................................................... 138 4.4 Location of Host Plants and Mates .............................................................................................. 138 4.5 Recognition of Mates ................................................................................................................... 140 4.6 Copulation .................................................................................................................................... 141 4.7 Larval Host Plants, Oviposition Behavior, and Larval Development .......................................... 142 4.8 Mating Strategy ............................................................................................................................ 144 4.9 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 148 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Download Whole Issue
    ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN ET MEDITERRANEENNE PLANT PROTECTION POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES ORGANIZATION EPPO Reporting Service NO. 7 PARIS, 2009-07-01 CONTENTS _____________________________________________________________________ Pests & Diseases 2009/128 - First record of Monilinia fructicola in Switzerland 2009/129 - First report of Gymnosporangium yamadae in the USA 2009/130 - Isolated finding of Diaporthe vaccinii in the Netherlands 2009/131 - Hymenoscyphus albidus is the teleomorph of Chalara fraxinea 2009/132 - A new real-time PCR assay to detect Chalara fraxinea 2009/133 - Acidovorax citrulli: addition to the EPPO Alert List 2009/134 - First report of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid in Finland 2009/135 - First report of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in Finland 2009/136 - Transmission of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid by tomato seeds 2009/137 - Potato spindle tuber viroid detected on tomatoes growing near infected Solanum jasminoides in Liguria, Italy 2009/138 - Strawberry vein banding virus detected in Italy 2009/139 - Incursion of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Finland 2009/140 - Incursion of Bemisia tabaci in Finland 2009/141 - Incursion of Liriomyza huidobrensis in Finland 2009/142 - New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List 2009/143 - Quarantine List of Moldova 2009/144 - EPPO report on notifications of non-compliance CONTENTS _______________________________________________________________________Invasive Plants 2009/145 - New records of Hydrocotyle ranunculoides in France 2009/146 - Report of the Bern Convention meeting on Invasive Alien Species, Brijuni National Park (HR), 2009-05-05/07 2009/147 - “Plant invasion in Italy, an overview”: a new publication 2009/148 - New data on alien plants in Italy 2009/149 - Lists of invasive alien plants in Russia 2009/150 - The new NOBANIS Newsletter 2009/151 - The Convention on Biological Diversity magazine “business 2010” dedicated to invasive alien species 1, rue Le Nôtre Tel.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT MITCHELL III, ROBERT DRAKE. Global Human Health
    ABSTRACT MITCHELL III, ROBERT DRAKE. Global Human Health Risks for Arthropod Repellents or Insecticides and Alternative Control Strategies. (Under the direction of Dr. R. Michael Roe). Protein-coding genes and environmental chemicals. New paradigms for human health risk assessment of environmental chemicals emphasize the use of molecular methods and human-derived cell lines. In this study, we examined the effects of the insect repellent DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and the phenylpyrazole insecticide fipronil (fluocyanobenpyrazole) on transcript levels in primary human hepatocytes. These chemicals were tested individually and as a mixture. RNA-Seq showed that 100 µM DEET significantly increased transcript levels for 108 genes and lowered transcript levels for 64 genes and fipronil at 10 µM increased the levels of 2,246 transcripts and decreased the levels for 1,428 transcripts. Fipronil was 21-times more effective than DEET in eliciting changes, even though the treatment concentration was 10-fold lower for fipronil versus DEET. The mixture of DEET and fipronil produced a more than additive effect (levels increased for 3,017 transcripts and decreased for 2,087 transcripts). The transcripts affected in our treatments influenced various biological pathways and processes important to normal cellular functions. Long non-protein coding RNAs and environmental chemicals. While the synthesis and use of new chemical compounds is at an all-time high, the study of their potential impact on human health is quickly falling behind. We chose to examine the effects of two common environmental chemicals, the insect repellent DEET and the insecticide fipronil, on transcript levels of long non-protein coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in primary human hepatocytes.
    [Show full text]
  • Beetles of the Tristan Da Cunha Islands
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Koleopterologische Rundschau Jahr/Year: 2013 Band/Volume: 83_2013 Autor(en)/Author(s): Hänel Christine, Jäch Manfred A. Artikel/Article: Beetles of the Tristan da Cunha Islands: Poignant new findings, and checklist of the archipelagos species, mapping an exponential increase in alien composition (Coleoptera). 257-282 ©Wiener Coleopterologenverein (WCV), download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Koleopterologische Rundschau 83 257–282 Wien, September 2013 Beetles of the Tristan da Cunha Islands: Dr. Hildegard Winkler Poignant new findings, and checklist of the archipelagos species, mapping an exponential Fachgeschäft & Buchhandlung für Entomologie increase in alien composition (Coleoptera) C. HÄNEL & M.A. JÄCH Abstract Results of a Coleoptera collection from the Tristan da Cunha Islands (Tristan and Nightingale) made in 2005 are presented, revealing 16 new records: Eleven species from eight families are new records for Tristan Island, and five species from four families are new records for Nightingale Island. Two families (Anthribidae, Corylophidae), five genera (Bisnius STEPHENS, Bledius LEACH, Homoe- odera WOLLASTON, Micrambe THOMSON, Sericoderus STEPHENS) and seven species Homoeodera pumilio WOLLASTON, 1877 (Anthribidae), Sericoderus sp. (Corylophidae), Micrambe gracilipes WOLLASTON, 1871 (Cryptophagidae), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (STEPHENS, 1831) (Laemophloeidae), Cartodere ? constricta (GYLLENHAL,
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution and Genomic Basis of Beetle Diversity
    The evolution and genomic basis of beetle diversity Duane D. McKennaa,b,1,2, Seunggwan Shina,b,2, Dirk Ahrensc, Michael Balked, Cristian Beza-Bezaa,b, Dave J. Clarkea,b, Alexander Donathe, Hermes E. Escalonae,f,g, Frank Friedrichh, Harald Letschi, Shanlin Liuj, David Maddisonk, Christoph Mayere, Bernhard Misofe, Peyton J. Murina, Oliver Niehuisg, Ralph S. Petersc, Lars Podsiadlowskie, l m l,n o f l Hans Pohl , Erin D. Scully , Evgeny V. Yan , Xin Zhou , Adam Slipinski , and Rolf G. Beutel aDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; bCenter for Biodiversity Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; cCenter for Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Arthropoda Department, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany; dBavarian State Collection of Zoology, Bavarian Natural History Collections, 81247 Munich, Germany; eCenter for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany; fAustralian National Insect Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; gDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Institute for Biology I (Zoology), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; hInstitute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; iDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Wien, Wien 1030, Austria; jChina National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; kDepartment of Integrative Biology, Oregon State
    [Show full text]
  • Transcriptome and Gene Expression Analysis of Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) During Developmental Stages
    Transcriptome and gene expression analysis of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) during developmental stages Hongjun Yang1,2, Danping Xu1, Zhihang Zhuo1,2,3, Jiameng Hu2 and Baoqian Lu4 1 College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China 2 Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 3 Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 4 Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture China, Environ- ment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China ABSTRACT Background. Red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is one of the most destructive pests harming palm trees. However, genomic resources for R. ferrugineus are still lacking, limiting the ability to discover molecular and genetic means of pest control. Methods. In this study, PacBio Iso-Seq and Illumina RNA-seq were used to generate transcriptome from three developmental stages of R. ferrugineus (pupa, 7th-instar larva, adult) to increase the understanding of the life cycle and molecular characteristics of the pest. Results. Sequencing generated 625,983,256 clean reads, from which 63,801 full-length transcripts were assembled with N50 of 3,547 bp. Expression analyses revealed 8,583 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Moreover, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that these Submitted 5 March 2020 Accepted 29 September 2020 DEGs were mainly related to the peroxisome pathway which associated with metabolic Published 2 November 2020 pathways, material transportation and organ tissue formation.
    [Show full text]
  • Screening Aid Mountain Oak Longhorned Beetle Massicus Raddei (Blessig)
    Screening Aid Mountain Oak Longhorned Beetle Massicus raddei (Blessig) Joseph Benzel 1) Identification Technology Program (ITP) / Colorado State University, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology (S&T), 2301 Research Boulevard, Suite 108, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526 U.S.A. (Email: [email protected]) This CAPS (Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey) screening aid produced for and distributed by: Version 3 USDA-APHIS-PPQ National Identification Services (NIS) 6 July 2015 This and other identification resources are available at: http://caps.ceris.purdue.edu/taxonomic_services The mountain oak longhorned beetle (Massicus raddei) (Figs. 1-2) is a serious pest of oaks in China and has recently received widespread attention as a potentially invasive pest in other parts of the world. The beetle feeds primarily on oaks (Quercus) and chestnuts (Castanea) but has also been associated with a variety of other trees. Larvae of Massicus are wood borers which feed on the phloem of the tree, and the adults feed on the sap bleeding from wounds they inflict on branches. While feeding causes heavy crown dieback, no actual tree mortality has been reported. This species is not associated with any phytoparasites. Massicus belongs to the family Cerambycidae which is comprised of the longhorned beetles. Members of this family are recognized by their highly elongate antennae, sometimes reaching several times the length of the body. This beetle belongs to the subfamily Cerambycinae, typified by a large, undivided, stridulatory plate on the mesonotum. Massicus is a member of the tribe Cerambycini: a group of 30 genera mostly confined to the tropics and distinguished by a rounded pronotum.
    [Show full text]