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LOS CONFLICTOS SOCIALES EN LA EDAD MEDIA Temas De Historia Medieval Coordinador: José María Monsalvo Antón LOS CONFLICTOS SOCIALES EN LA EDAD MEDIA

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LOS CONFLICTOS SOCIALES EN LA EDAD MEDIA Temas De Historia Medieval Coordinador: José María Monsalvo Antón LOS CONFLICTOS SOCIALES EN LA EDAD MEDIA LOS CONFLICTOS SOCIALES EN LA EDAD MEDIA Temas de Historia Medieval Coordinador: JOSÉ MARÍA MONSALVO ANTÓN LOS CONFLICTOS SOCIALES EN LA EDAD MEDIA José María Monsalvo Antón Consulte nuestra página web: www.sintesis.com En ella encontrará el catálogo completo y comentado Imagen de cubierta: John Ball anima a Wat Tyler y sus rebeldes en 1381. Crónicas de Foissart, ms. Royal 18 E i f. 165v, British Library. © José María Monsalvo Antón © EDITORIAL SÍNTESIS, S. A. Vallehermoso, 34. 28015 Madrid Teléfono 91 593 20 98 www.sintesis.com ISBN: 978-84-9077-422-9 Depósito Legal: M-40.790-2016 Impreso en España - Printed in Spain Reservados todos los derechos. Está prohibido, bajo las sanciones penales y el resarcimiento civil previstos en las leyes, reproducir, registrar o transmitir esta publicación, íntegra o parcialmente, por cualquier sistema de recuperación y por cualquier medio, sea mecánico, electrónico, magnético, electroóptico, por fotocopia o por cualquier otro, sin la autorización previa por escrito de Editorial Síntesis, S. A. ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN. LOS HISTORIADORES Y LOS CONFLICTOS SOCIALES MEDIEVALES . 13 1. RESISTENCIAS CAMPESINAS EN EL PERIODO ALTOMEDIEVAL . 25 1 .1 . Acciones contra la señorialización . 25 1 .1 .1 . Siervos y campesinos libres contra la dependencia y la pérdida de espacios económicos . 27 1 .1 .2 . Grandes revueltas regionales: los Stellinga y los campesinos normandos . 32 1 .2 . Resistencias altomedievales en la península ibérica . 35 2. CONFLICTOS CAMPESINOS EN LA ÉPOCA DE LA EXPANSIÓN AGRARIA . 39 2 .1 . El cuadro básico: campesinos frente a señores . 39 2 .2 . Comunidades, resistencias y logros campesinos . 50 2 .2 .1 . Luchas y comunidades rurales en Francia, Italia y Alemania . 51 2 .2 .2 . Acción campesina en Inglaterra . 63 2 .2 .3 . Los Stedinger y otras guerras campesinas en regiones europeas poco señorializadas o periféricas . 66 2 .3 . Peculiaridades hispánicas . 69 3. REVUELTAS COMUNALES Y PRIMEROS MOVIMIENTOS ANTIPATRICIOS EN LAS CIUDADES . 73 3 .1 . Los burgenses y la emancipación ciudadana en los siglos XI y XII . 73 3 .1 .1 . Aparición de las soberanías municipales y comunales . 73 5 Los conflictos sociales en la Edad Media 3 .1 .2 . Conflictos en los burgos y ciudades de la Península . 81 3 .2 . La nueva conflictividad en el siglo XIII . 85 3 .2 .1 . Revueltas comunales tardías y movimientos antiseñoriales urbanos . 85 3 .2 .2 . Las primeras revueltas antifiscales, gremiales y antipatricias . 87 3 .2 .3 . Singularidades italianas del siglo XIII: triunfo del popolo . 93 4. RELIGIÓN Y TENSIONES SOCIALES EN LA PLENITUD DEL MEDIEVO . .. 99 4 .1 . Pauperismo y desviación religiosa . 99 4 .1 .1 . Los inicios de la contestación herética . 100 4 .1 .2 Movilización. y grandes herejías: predicación de la pobreza evangélica, valdenses y cátaros . 101 4 .1 .3 . Milenarismo profético, cruzadas populares y pastoureaux . 107 4 .1 .4 . El inicio del movimiento de los franciscanos espirituales . .. 109 4 .2 . La movilización social contra los judíos en la Plena Edad Media . 112 4 .2 .1 . Los pogromos de 1096 . Activación de las violencias antisemitas . 112 4 .2 .2 . Criminalización y persecución . 113 5. CONFLICTOS EN LAS ÉLITES Y LAS CAPAS MODESTAS EN LAS CIUDADES BAJOMEDIEVALES: LUCHAS POR EL PODER Y CONTRA EL PATRICIADO . .. 117 5 .1 . Los conflictos y la sociedad urbana bajomedieval . .. 117 5 .1 .1 . La revuelta social, un fenómeno habitual . 118 5 .1 .2 . El marco general del conflicto: élites y pueblo urbano . 122 5 .2 . Luchas gremiales y por el poder en las ciudades alemanas . 129 5 .3 . Italia: tensiones entre el patriciado tradicional y las nuevas élites . 132 5 .4 . Conflictos urbanos, luchas por el poder y rebeliones ciudadanas en Francia . 135 5 .4 .1 . Agitaciones en la primera mitad del siglo XIV . 135 5 .4 .2 . Levantamiento de Étienne Marcel en París . 136 5 .4 .3 . La rebelión cabochienne y las luchas políticas a principios del siglo XV . .. 138 6 Índice 5 .5 . Conflictos sociales en las ciudades inglesas . 140 5 .6 . Portugal: giro político y social con el cambio de di nastía . 142 5 .7 . Conflictos sociales en las ciudades de la península ibérica . .. 144 5 .7 .1 . Castilla: lucha de bandos y patriciado frente al común . 145 5 .7 .2 . Conflictos contra señores eclesiásticos . 151 5 .7 .3 . Revueltas contra la carestía y luchas estamentales en las ciudades de la Corona aragonesa . 153 6. LAS GRANDES REVUELTAS URBANAS: MOVILIZACIONES POPULARES Y DE LOS TRABAJADORES . 157 6 .1 . Flandes, de la “revolución de los oficios” a las violencias obreras . .. 157 6 .1 .1 . El impulso social de la victoria de Courtrai . 158 6 .1 Uñas.2 .azules : las revueltas de Gante y otros movimientos populares . 160 6 .2 . Revueltas urbanas en la Francia del siglo XIV . 164 6 .2 .1 . Los grandes movimientos del norte de Francia: Harelle de Ruan, Maillotins de París . 164 6 .2 .2 Protestas. urbanas y revueltas en el Mediodía francés . 168 6 .3 . Revueltas del pueblo bajo y de los trabajadores pobres en la Italia del Trescientos . 169 6 .3 .1 . Revueltas de la primera mitad del siglo XIV . 169 6 .3 .2 . Los grandes movimientos: Siena, Perugia y los ciompi florentinos . 172 7. LOS MOVIMIENTOS CAMPESINOS DE LA BAJA EDAD MEDIA EN FLANDES, FRANCIA E INGLATERRA . 183 7 .1 . Un contexto de crisis y transformaciones rurales . .. 183 7 .2 . Revueltas campesinas en Flandes . 190 7 .2 .1 . Levantamiento en el Flandes marítimo . 190 7 .2 .2 . Otros movimientos de la región . 194 7 .3 . Conflictos campesinos en Francia . .. 195 7 .3 .1 . La revuelta de Laon . 196 7 .3 .2 . La Jacquerie y otras revueltas campesinas . 197 7 .3 .3 . Más allá de la revuelta campesina: los Tuchins del Languedoc y otros movimientos de bandidaje rural . 208 7 Los conflictos sociales en la Edad Media 7 3. 4. Microrresistencias y pequeñas acciones campesinas . 211 7 .4 . Movimientos campesinos en Inglaterra . 213 7 .4 .1 . Antecedentes de la gran revuelta . 213 7 .4 .2 . El Gran Levantamiento . 220 7 .4 .3 . La resaca tras la gran convulsión campesina . 232 8. CONFLICTOS CAMPESINOS DE LA BAJA EDAD MEDIA EN ITALIA, EUROPA CENTRAL Y REINOS HISPÁNICOS . 235 8 .1 . Los conflictos rurales en Italia, a la sombra de las luchas urbanas . 236 8 .2 . Conflictos en Europa central y oriental: revueltas en Alemania y en los países eslavos y nórdicos . 238 8 .2 .1 . Malestar campesino en el Sacro Imperio antes de la guerra de los Campesinos alemanes 238 8 .2 .2 . Revueltas en la periferia continental: países bálticos, eslavos y nórdicos . 240 8 .3 . Conflictos campesinos y antiseñoriales en la Castilla bajomedieval . 242 8 3. 1. Hermandades y luchas antiseñoriales en los concejos del centro y sur de la Corona de Cas tilla . 243 8 .3 .2 . Resistencias y luchas legales campesinas en Castilla . 249 8 .3 .3 . Banderizos vascos . 251 8 .3 .4 . El movimiento de los irmandiños en Galicia . 255 8 .4 . Principales movimientos campesinos en Navarra y Corona de Aragón . 257 8 .4 .1 . Pequeños conflictos en Navarra . 258 8 .4 Forans.2 . de Mallorca . 258 8 .4 .3 . Los conflictos y guerras de los remensas en Cataluña . 260 9. RADICALISMOS CRISTIANOS Y PERSECUCIÓN RELIGIOSA EN EL PERIODO BAJOMEDIEVAL . 265 9 .1 . Movimientos de contestación religiosa . 266 9 .1 .1 . Libre Espíritu y continuación de los movimientos de pobreza . 267 9 .1 .2 . Los lolardos, más allá del levantamiento inglés 270 8 Índice 9 .1 .3 . Predicadores radicales y movilización de masas . 271 9 .1 .4 . El movimiento husita y los taboritas en Bohemia . 274 9 .1 .5 . Otros movimientos milenaristas . El Tambor de Niklashausen . 280 9 .2 . Del odio religioso al conflicto social: las persecuciones antisemitas . .. 281 9 .2 .1 . Calamidades del siglo XIV y eclosión del antisemitismo de masas . 282 9 .2 .2 . El antisemitismo hispánico: de los grandes pogromos antijudíos al problema converso . 286 10. LO QUE MUESTRAN LOS CONFLICTOS SOCIALES: ESTRUCTURAS, DISCURSOS Y MENTALIDADES MEDIEVALES . 291 10 .1 . El papel de las revueltas sociales en la historia . 293 10 .2 . Causas y secuencia histórica de los conflictos . 295 10 .3 . Gradación de las protestas y represión . 304 10 .4 . Actores sociales, organización, comunicación . 308 10 .5 . Idearios, discursos y lenguajes simbólicos . 317 CRONOLOGÍA. EL GRAN CICLO HISTÓRICO DE LOS CONFLICTOS SOCIALES MEDIEVALES (MEDIADOS DEL SIGLO XIII-PRIMER CUARTO DEL SIGLO XV) . 329 Segunda mitad del siglo XIII . 329 Francia (excepto Flandes) . 329 Flandes y regiones limítrofes . 330 Alemania y Centroeuropa . 330 Inglaterra . 330 Italia . 331 Primera mitad del siglo XIV . 331 Francia (excepto Flandes) . 331 Flandes y regiones limítrofes . 332 Alemania y Centroeuropa . 332 Inglaterra . 333 Italia . 333 Segunda mitad del siglo XIV . 335 Francia (excepto Flandes) . 335 Flandes y regiones limítrofes . 335 Alemania y Centroeuropa . 336 9 Los conflictos sociales en la Edad Media Inglaterra . 336 Italia . 336 Primer tercio del siglo XV . 338 Francia (excepto Flandes) . 338 Flandes y regiones limítrofes . 339 Alemania y Centroeuropa . 339 Inglaterra . 339 Italia . 339 Aclaraciones sobre las áreas geográficas . 340 SELECCIÓN DE TEXTOS . 341 1. Revuelta de los burgueses compostelanos contra el obispo Diego Gelmírez, 1116-1117 . 341 2. Pierre “Le Roy” (Pierre Coninc o Pieter de Coninck) en la Chronique Artésienne . 345 3. Pierre Le Roy en la Crónica de Villani . 346 4. Fray Dolcino y sus herejes en las montañas de Novara . 347 5. Revuelta de Flandes de 1323 según Villani . 348 6. Peste Negra, flagelantes y quema de judíos, según el cronista Jean Le Bel . 349 7. La Jacquerie en la crónica atribuida a Jean de Venette . 351 8. La Jacquerie según el cronista Jean Le Bel . 354 9. Jacquerie de 1358. Destrucción de los sublevados en Meaux-en-Brie, según el cronista Jean Le Bel . 357 10. Jacquerie de 1358.
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