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On the Government of God: a Treatise Wherein Are Shown by Argument and by Examples Drawn from the Abandoned Society of the Times the Ways of God Towards His Creatures

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On the Government of God: a Treatise Wherein Are Shown by Argument and by Examples Drawn from the Abandoned Society of the Times the Ways of God Towards His Creatures On the Government of God: A Treatise Wherein Are Shown by Argument and by Examples Drawn from the Abandoned Society of the Times the Ways of God Towards His Creatures. Author(s): Salvian (c. 424) Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library i Contents Title Page 1 Prefatory Material 3 Dedication 3 Contents 4 Introduction 8 I. A Fifth Century Tract for the Times 9 II. The Life of Salvian 11 III. Salvian’s Literary Work 18 IV. On The Government of God 21 V. Style and Latinity 28 VI. The Editions of Salvian’s Works 31 VII. Estimates of Salvian’s Work 32 On the Government of God 34 Preface 35 The First Book 36 The Second Book 55 The Third Book 63 The Fourth Book 78 The Fifth Book 102 The Sixth Book 119 The Seventh Book 141 The Eighth Book 165 Bibliography and Index 171 Bibliography 171 Index 173 Indexes 186 ii Index of Scripture References 187 Latin Words and Phrases 190 Index of Pages of the Print Edition 192 iii This PDF file is from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library, www.ccel.org. The mission of the CCEL is to make classic Christian books available to the world. • This book is available in PDF, HTML, and other formats. See http://www.ccel.org/ccel/salvian/govt.html. • Discuss this book online at http://www.ccel.org/node/3133. The CCEL makes CDs of classic Christian literature available around the world through the Web and through CDs. We have distributed thousands of such CDs free in developing countries. If you are in a developing country and would like to receive a free CD, please send a request by email to [email protected]. The Christian Classics Ethereal Library is a self supporting non-profit organization at Calvin College. If you wish to give of your time or money to support the CCEL, please visit http://www.ccel.org/give. This PDF file is copyrighted by the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. It may be freely copied for non-commercial purposes as long as it is not modified. All other rights are re- served. Written permission is required for commercial use. iv Title Page Title Page On the Government of God iii A Treatise wherein are shown by Argument and by Examples drawn from the Abandoned Society of the Times the Ways of GOD toward His Creatures INDITED BY SALVIAN Presbyter of Marseilles and Master of Bishops as a Warning and Counsel This Fifth Century Polemic Done into English by EVA M. SANFORD Western Reserve University New York COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS M · CM · XXX iv Copyright 1930 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS Published December, 1930 1 Title Page Printed in the United States of America The Torch Press, Cedar Rapids, Iowa v 2 Prefatory Material PrefatoryDedication Material TO MY FATHER EDGAR LEWIS SANFORD AND TO THE LEWISES AND SANFORDS BEFORE HIM WHO LIKE SALVIAN HAVE PREACHED CONCERNING THE GOVERNMENT OF GOD AND HIS PRESENT JUDGMENT vi vii 3 Contents Contents CONTENTS Introduction I. A Fifth Century Tract for the Times 3 II. The Life of Salvian 5 III. Salvian’s Literary Work 15 IV. On the Government of God 18 V. Style and Latinity 28 VI. The Editions of Salvian ‘s Works 31 VII. Estimates of Salvian ‘s Work 32 On the Government of God Preface, to Salonius.—That the salutary purpose of the present 37 work should atone for its lack of the vain adornments of rhetoric Book I.—The government of God proved by the general convic- 39 tion of mankind, and by his judgment recounted in the books of Moses 1. On the general belief in God’s government. 2. That good Christians cannot be wretched. 3. Of the infirmities of the saints. 4. God’s guidance and judgments of the world. 5. On the meaning of prayer. 6. The earliest instances of God’s judgment. 7. God’s judgment shown in the Flood. 8. The examples of Abraham, of Sodom and Gomorrah. 9. The Exodus. 10. Man’s ingratitude for his present blessings. 11. Examples of God’s mercy and of his severity. 12. God’s judgments of the Hebrews. Book II.—The immediate judgment of God as seen in the history 66 of King David 1. Of the presence of God. 2. God’s watchful care. 3. His vengeance. 4. The punishment of David. 5. David’s exile. 6. The immediacy of God’s judgment. 4 Contents Book III.—On the obligations of the Christian life 77 1. Divine authority and human reason. 2. Christian belief. 3. The obligations of the Christian life. 4. The apostle’s im- itation of Christ. 5. The services due to God. 6. How men follow Christ’s precepts. 7. The necessity of impartial obedience. 8. The lesser commands of God. 9. The vices of Christians. 10. The guilt of rich men and nobles. 11. Their vain hope of salvation. Book IV.—On the oppressions wrought by the Roman nobles, 98 and the guilt of Christians as compared with pagans 1. The necessity of faith and good works. 2. Faith without works. 3. The sins of slaves compared with those of their masters. 4. The oppression of the nobles. 5. The enormity of their crimes. 6. The rich compared with their slaves; the burdens of taxation. 7. The penalties of conversion. 8. That men’s crimes are the cause of their misfortunes. 9. The Father’s love for his creatures. 10. The fulness of God’s love. 11. The ingratitude of man. 12. The guilt of Christians. 13. Comparison of Christians with barbarians. 14. The peculiar viii guilt of Christians. 15. Their oaths. 16. Their transgressions of the divine law. 17. Pagan ideas of the Christians. 18. Blasphemy. 19. The guilt of Christians compared with that of heathen. Book V.—On heresy, and on the oppression of the poor by the 133 powerful throughout the Roman Empire 1. Men’s opposition to the law. 2. Heresy among the barbar- ians. 3. Heresy among the Romans. 4. The oppression of the many by the few. 5. The flight of Romans to the barbar- ians. 6. The revolt of the Bagaudae. 7. The oppression of the poor by the rich. 8. Means of relief. 9. The seeming injustice of God’s mercy. 10. The character of true repentance. 11. The true meaning of power. Book VI.—On the ruinous influence of circuses and spectacles 157 5 Contents 1. The infection of evil. 2. The evil influence of the public games. 3. The circuses and theaters. 4. God’s hatred of the theaters. 5. The contrast between the circus and Christ’s precepts. 6. On renunciation of the devil and his pomps. 7. How men desert the churches for the spectacles. 8. On their folly in the midst of ruin. 9. How the disasters of Rome have failed to bring repentance. 10. That no dishonor to God can be trivial. 11. Men’s unworthiness of God’s gifts. 12. The failure of adversity to amend men’s lives. 13. The capture of Trèves. 14. The destruction of other cities. 15. Destruction and the circuses. 16. On the corrective of peace. 17. The gratitude due for peace. 18. The captivity of the Romans. Book VII.—Wherein Roman vice is contrasted with Vandal virtue 189 1. On the wretched gayety of Rome. 2. On the corruption of southern Gaul. 3. On the lusts of its men. 4. The corrup- tion of their households. 5. That their vices are increased by their distress. 6. On the chastity of the Goths. 7. The Vandals in Spain. 8. The punishment due to presumption. 9. Humility and pride. 10. God’s judgment in time of battle. 11. The judgment of God shown in the strength of the en- emy. 12. On the invasions of the barbarians. 13. The Vandals in Africa. 14. Their devastation of Africa. 15. The wickedness of Africa. 16. Its obscenity. 17. The corruption of the African churches. 18. The continuance of their general guilt. 19. Their prevalent vice of effeminacy. 20. The contrast between the Romans and the Vandals. 21. On the discipline of the Vandals. 22. On the reform of Africa. 23. On the regulation of marriage. Book VIII.—That the sins of the Romans are alone responsible 224 for their ruin 1. The responsibility for Rome’s misfortunes. 2. The blas- phemies of Africa. 31. Of their injury to God. 4. On perse- cution. 5. On the recompense due. 6 Contents Bibliography 233 Index 235 1 7 Introduction Introduction INTRODUCTION Salvus, incolumisque Salvianus, Magnus Scriptor, Episcopus probatus, 2 Antiquum reparatus in decorem, In lucem venit omine auspicato, Vitae Regula, Episcopon Magister; Dignus nomine, et hoc honore dignus. Scriptorum decus elegantiorum; Dignus, quem studiis, modisque cunctis Mirentur, celebrent, legant frequentes Quot sunt, aut aliis erunt in annis. Hunc, lector, precor, accipe explicata Fronte, hunc delicias tuas putabis. Illum plus oculis tuis amabis, Meras delicias, meros lepores, Inscriptum simul, et tibi dicatum, Salvum, incolumemque Salvianum. —Brassicanus INTRODUCTION 3 8 I. A Fifth Century Tract for the Times I. A Fifth Century Tract for the Times I. A Fifth Century Tract for the Times “Be ashamed, ye Roman people everywhere, be ashamed of the lives you lead! . It is neither the strength of their bodies that makes the barbarians conquer, nor the weakness of our nature that makes us subject to defeat. Let no one think or persuade himself otherwise—it is our vicious lives alone that have conquered us.”1 These are the words which Salvian would have made echo throughout the Roman world, had his human frailty permitted, the words which have earned him the title of the “Jeremiah of his times.” The problem of the decline of the Roman power was not relegated to the his- torians at that time, but was the chief concern of all thinking men, and many solutions were proposed.
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