Verheißung Unbeschadeten Fortschritts Wird in Der Ideologie Der Kommu- UNIVERSITY PRESS Nistischen Partei Chinas (Kpch) Durchgängig Aufrechterhalten

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Verheißung Unbeschadeten Fortschritts Wird in Der Ideologie Der Kommu- UNIVERSITY PRESS Nistischen Partei Chinas (Kpch) Durchgängig Aufrechterhalten Die Verheißung unbeschadeten Fortschritts wird in der Ideologie der Kommu- UNIVERSITY PRESS nistischen Partei Chinas (KPCh) durchgängig aufrechterhalten. Ideologeme bringen die Überzeugung der KPCh zum Ausdruck, dass Entwicklung und Fortschritt unter ihrer Lenkung plan- und durchführbar sind, Entwicklungsziele somit erreichbar werden und zukünftiger Fortschritt generiert werden kann. Ideologeme werden als Legitimationsinstrumente eingesetzt, die sowohl eine konkrete Handlung oder Aufforderung beinhalten, wie Ziele erreicht werden können, als auch auf der Überzeugung basieren, dass der Entwicklungsweg der VR China sowie der angestrebte Fortschritt richtig sind. Sie wirken sinn- stiftend in den jeweiligen Kontext hinein und ermöglichen, dass auch über die Äußerungen der Partei hinaus deren ideologische Inhalte Kontinuität behalten. Herausforderungen wie die Realisierung planungsintensiver Großprojekte mit weitreichenden wirtschaftlichen, ökologischen und sozialen Auswirkungen, z.B. der Bau von Atomkraftwerken oder des Drei-Schluchten-Staudamms, und das Erfordernis einer Auseinandersetzung mit der Nuklearkatastrophe von Fukushima und Naturkatastrophen, wie dem Erdbeben von Wenchuan, bieten Anlass für ein Hinterfragen des von der KPCh propagierten Fortschrittsdenkens. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Fortschritts- und Entwicklungsideologeme in der KPCh seit dem Jahr 1949 sowie ihr Aufscheinen in den Fallbeispielen, Diskussion der Atomenergie in der VR China, des Wenchuan-Erdbebens und FAU Studien aus der Philosophischen Fakultät 12 des Drei-Schluchten-Staudamm-Projektes, untersucht. Hierbei wird besonders der Diskurs kritischer Stimmen beleuchtet. Julia Hauser Verheißung unbeschadeten Fortschritts Verheißung Verheißung unbeschadeten Fortschritts ISBN 978-3-96147-164-5 Ideologeme und ihre Funktion in der VR China FAU UNIVERSITY PRESS 2018 FAU Julia Hauser UNIVERSITY PRESS Julia Hauser Verheißung unbeschadeten Fortschritts FAU Studien aus der Philosophischen Fakultät Band 12 Herausgeber der Reihe: Prof. Dr. Michele C. Ferrari und Prof. Dr. Rainer Trinczek Julia Hauser Verheißung unbeschadeten Fortschritts Ideologeme und ihre Funktion in der VR China Erlangen FAU University Press 2018 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek: Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Bitte zitieren als Hauser, Julia. 2018. Verheißung unbeschadeten Fortschritts. FAU Studien aus der Philosophischen Fakultät 12. Erlangen: FAU University Press. DOI: 10.25593/978-3-96147-165-2 Das Werk, einschließlich seiner Teile, ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Die Rechte an allen Inhalten liegen bei ihren jeweiligen Autoren. Sie sind nutzbar unter der Creative Commons Lizenz BY. Der vollständige Inhalt des Buchs ist als PDF über den OPUS Server der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg abrufbar: https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-fau/home Verlag und Auslieferung: FAU University Press, Universitätsstraße 4, 91054 Erlangen Druck: docupoint GmbH ISBN: 978-3-96147-164-5 (Druckausgabe) eISBN: 978-3-96147-165-2 (Online-Ausgabe) ISSN: 2363-720X DOI: 10.25593/978-3-96147-165-2 Verheißung unbeschadeten Fortschritts Ideologeme und ihre Funktion in der VR China Der Philosophischen Fakultät und Fachbereich Theologie der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dr. phil. vorgelegt von Julia Hauser aus Nürnberg Als Dissertation genehmigt͒ von der Philosophischen Fakultät und Fachbereich Theologie der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 02.03.2018 Vorsitzende des Promotionsorgans: Prof. Dr. Heike Paul Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Thomas Fröhlich Prof. Dr. Marc André Matten Zusammenfassung Die Verheißung unbeschadeten Fortschritts wird in der Ideolo- gie der Kommunistischen Partei Chinas (KPCh) durchgängig aufrechterhalten, wenngleich das Verständnis politisch-gesell- schaftlichen und wissenschaftlich-technologischen Fortschritts unter den verschiedenen Machthabern von Mao Zedong bis Hu Jintao in Anpassung an deren Konzeptionen Modifizierungen erfährt und unterschiedlich gewichtet wird. Um zu prüfen, wie Ideologeme zur Stabilisierung und Persistenz der Überzeugung eines determinierten Entwicklungsablaufs und unbegrenzten Fortschritts beitragen, werden Fortschritts- und Entwicklungs- ideologeme identifiziert und ihre Funktionen in verschiedenen Kontexten analysiert. Untersucht werden Ideologeme in der KPCh seit dem Jahr 1949 sowie ihr Aufscheinen in Fallbeispielen (Diskussion der Atomenergie in der VR China, des Wenchuan- Erdbebens 2008 und des Drei-Schluchten-Staudamm-Projek- tes) und hierbei besonders der Diskurs kritischer Stimmen. Das umfangreiche zu diesem Thema existierende schriftliche Material, welches im Hinblick auf die Fragestellung bislang noch nicht erforscht worden ist, wird mittels Textanalyse, die auch ideengeschichtliche, diskursanalytische und hermeneuti- sche Ansätze berücksichtigt, untersucht. Die Arbeit hat folgenden Aufbau. Nach einer Begriffsbestim- mung von Fortschritt, Entwicklung sowie Ideologie und einem historischen Abriss der Fortschrittskonzeptionen unter Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin und Hu Jintao unter Berücksichtigung des jeweiligen Ideologieverständnisses wer- den Fortschritts- und Entwicklungsideologeme definiert. Diese werden in einem weiteren Schritt in Texten der Parteiführung beleuchtet und analysiert. Auf dieser Grundlage werden das Auftreten und die Funktion der Ideologeme im Kontext der übergeordneten Thematik einer Naturbeherrschung durch iii Zusammenfassung Technologie in den Fallbeispielen untersucht. Dabei steht die Diskussion der chinesischen Atomenergie nach den Gescheh- nissen von Fukushima im Vordergrund. Daran schließt sich die Untersuchung der Ideologeme im Themenbereich der Diskus- sion des Erdbebens von Wenchuan und kursorisch im Zusam- menhang mit dem Drei-Schluchten-Staudamm-Projekt an. Die in der Arbeit nachgewiesenen Fortschritts- und Entwick- lungsideologeme umfassen Vokabular in Zusammenhang mit der Bewertung des Entwicklungsstandes, der Realisierung von Fortschritt, den Wegen nachholender Modernisierung und der Geschwindigkeit von Entwicklung und Fortschritt. Sie bringen die Überzeugung der KPCh zum Ausdruck, dass Entwicklung und Fortschritt unter ihrer Lenkung plan- und durchführbar sind, Entwicklungsziele somit erreichbar werden und zukünf- tiger Fortschritt generiert werden kann. Ideologeme werden darüber hinaus als Legitimationsinstrumente eingesetzt, die so- wohl eine konkrete Handlung oder Aufforderung beinhalten, wie Ziele erreicht werden können, als auch auf der Überzeugung basieren, dass der Entwicklungsweg der VR China sowie der angestrebte Fortschritt richtig sind. In den Fallbeispielen lässt sich eine Persistenz dieses Fort- schrittsdenkens konstatieren. Ein Hinterfragen desselben findet nur in geringem Ausmaß statt. Die Bandbreite der Diskussionen zeigt sich in den verschiedenen Abstufungen der Kritik und der Art und Weise, wie Standpunkte geäußert werden: von der Verwendung zahlreicher Ideologeme bis hin zur vollständigen Abwesenheit dieser; von konstruktiv bis hin zu radikal; von ideologischer Nähe zur Partei bis hin zu Abweichungen und Distanz. Ideologeme wirken sinnstiftend in den jeweiligen Kontext hin- ein und ermöglichen eine ideologische Kohärenz zwischen KPCh, Regierung, parteinahen Stimmen und denjenigen Kriti- kern, die sich ihrer bedienen. iv Summary Der Gebrauch der Ideologeme gewährleistet, ungeachtet der damit verfolgten Intention, dass auch über die Äußerungen der Partei hinaus deren ideologische Inhalte Kontinuität behalten. Dies trägt dazu bei, dass das propagierte Entwicklungs- und Fortschrittsverständnis in den schriftlichen Quellen Bestand hat, somit auch den Herrschaftsanspruch der KPCh stärkt und für eine implizite Verwurzelung eines bestimmten Gedankengu- tes sorgt, welches, abgesehen von Dissidenten und Bloggern, nicht hinterfragt wird. Summary The promise of unblemished progress is consistently maintained in the ideology of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), albeit the understanding of political-social and scientific-technologi- cal progress among the rulers from Mao Zedong to Hu Jintao is modified and weighted differently, in adaptation to their conceptions. In order to examine how ideologemes contribute to stabilization and persistence of conviction of a determinate course of de- velopment and unlimited progress, progress and development ideologemes are identified and their functions analyzed in diffe- rent contexts. Investigated are ideologemes in the CCP since 1949 and their emergence in case studies (discussion of nuclear energy in the People's Republic of China (PRC), the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and the Three Gorges Dam project) and especially the discourse of critical voices. The ideologemes, which are demonstrated in this work, include vocabulary related to evaluation of the state of development, realization of progress, paths of catching-up modernization, and speed of development and progress. v Summary They express the CCP's belief that under their authority devel- pment and progress are predictable and feasible, that deveǦ opment goals can be achieved and future progress can be generated. Ideologemes as legitimizing tools imply actions and requests how to achieve goals as well as a belief that the development path of the PRC and the aspired progress are right. In the case studies a persistence of this belief in progress
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