A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 745: 101–378Annotated (2018) catalog and bibliography of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles... 101 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.745.23685 CATALOGUE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Annotated catalog and bibliography of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae, Cyclocephalini) Matthew R. Moore1, Ronald D. Cave2, Marc A. Branham1 1 Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Building 1881 Natural Area Drive, Steinmetz Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA 2 Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Indian River Research and Education Center, 2199 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA Corresponding author: Matthew R. Moore ([email protected]) Academic editor: A. Frolov | Received 17 January 2017 | Accepted 30 January2018 | Published 22 March 2018 http://zoobank.org/8785DC6B-C2A2-44FD-94B6-243EB07C717F Citation: Moore MR, Cave RD, Branham MA (2018) Annotated catalog and bibliography of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae, Cyclocephalini). ZooKeys 745: 101–378. https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.745.23685 Abstract Cyclocephaline scarab beetles represent the second largest tribe of the subfamily Dynastinae, and the group includes the most speciose genus of dynastines, Cyclocephala. The period following publication of Sebő Endrődi’s The Dynastinae of the Worldhas seen a huge increase in research interest on cyclocepha- lines, and much of this research has not been synthesized. The objective of this catalog and bibliography is to compile an exhaustive list of taxa in Cyclocephalini. This paper provides an updated foundation for understanding the taxonomy and classification of 14 genera and over 500 species in the tribe. It dis- cusses the history of cataloging dynastine species, clarifies issues surrounding the neotype designations in Endrődi’s revision of Cyclocephalini, synthesizes all published distribution data for cyclocephaline species, and increases accessibility to the voluminous literature on the group by providing an easily searchable bibliography for each species. We propose the nomen novum Cyclocephala rogerpauli, new replacement name, for C. nigra Dechambre. Keywords masked chafers, rhinoceros beetles, catalog, bibliography Copyright Matthew R. Moore et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 102 Matthew R. Moore et al. / ZooKeys 745: 101–378 (2018) Table of contents Introduction ......................................................................................................... 102 Brief history of cyclocephalines in catalogs, checklists, and bibliographies ............ 104 Materials and methods ......................................................................................... 105 How to use this catalog ........................................................................................ 109 Annotated catalog and bibliography of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae, Cyclocephalini) ........................................................... 110 Tribe Cyclocephalini Laporte 1840 ................................................................ 110 Genus Acrobolbia Ohaus, 1912 ..................................................................... 110 Genus Ancognatha Erichson, 1847 ................................................................ 111 Genus Arriguttia Martínez, 1960 .................................................................. 120 Genus Aspidolea Bates, 1888 ......................................................................... 121 Genus Augoderia Burmeister, 1847 ............................................................... 129 Genus Chalepides Casey, 1915 ...................................................................... 131 Genus Cyclocephala Dejean, 1821 ................................................................ 137 Genus Dyscinetus Harold, 1869 .................................................................... 264 Genus Erioscelis Burmeister, 1847 ................................................................. 275 Genus Harposceles Burmeister, 1847 ............................................................. 277 Genus Peltonotus Burmeister, 1847 ............................................................... 278 Genus Rutelorcytes Arrow, 1908 .................................................................... 284 Genus Stenocrates Burmeister, 1847 ............................................................. 285 Genus Surutu Martínez, 1955 ....................................................................... 300 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 301 References ............................................................................................................ 301 Introduction The Cyclocephalini, a group first defined by French naturalist Francis de Laporte de Castelnau in 1840, represents the second largest tribe of the subfamily Dynastinae. Cyclocephala Dejean, the type genus of Cyclocephalini, is the most speciose dynastine genus and comprises over 350 species-group taxa as of 2017. The last comprehensive, synoptic treatment of the tribe was The Dynastinae of the World(Endrődi 1985a). Endrődi’s foundational book revolutionized the study of the subfamily and paved the way for a veritable explosion of new research into dynastines. This influence is most apparent in the scientific literature covering cyclocephaline scarab beetles. The post-Endrődi era of cyclocephaline research has been marked by ever diversifying in- terests and approaches to the group. Papers on cyclocephalines now span all modern entomological disciplines from taxonomy, evolutionary biology, ecology, ethology, agronomics, and physiology. Annotated catalog and bibliography of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles... 103 Figure 1. Cumulative number of described cyclocephaline species-group taxa by decade. Species descrip- tion accumulation was based on the compiled catalog. The synonymy curve also includes names that were homonyms and later replaced. Ever-growing numbers of cyclocephaline species have, at times, engendered light- hearted dismay among researchers of the group. For example, the Costa Rican C. una- mas Ratcliffe (Spanish “una mas”) was named after the overwhelming feeling one gets after the discovery of yet another new Cyclocephala species, epitomized by the species name C. nodanotherwon Ratcliffe. Over 170 new cyclocephaline species-group taxa have been described since 1985, and this has created challenges for species identifica- tion in several genera. While the most intense period of new species descriptions has probably passed (Fig. 1), many new South American taxa are likely to be discovered, especially in the genera Cyclocephala and Stenocrates Burmeister (Ratcliffe 2015). Starting in the mid-1970s, a growing body of research covering the floral ecol- ogy of cyclocephalines began to develop. Many faunistic studies in Mesoamerica (especially Mexico) and South America have reported a great deal of cyclocephaline locality data that has yet to be synthesized. Additionally, researchers in the United States and South America have greatly expanded the agronomic literature on the tribe since publication of The Dynastinae of the World. This hugely expanded litera- ture for the tribe has not been adequately synthesized and is unwieldy and inacces- sible as a result. The objective of this catalog is to: 1) provide an updated founda- tion for understanding the taxonomic history of 14 genera and over 500 species of cyclocephaline scarab beetles; 2) identify destabilizing issues in the classification and nomenclature of the genera and species; 3) create an easily searchable bibliography to further promote research on these beetles; and 4) synthesize known distribution data for all species in the tribe. 104 Matthew R. Moore et al. / ZooKeys 745: 101–378 (2018) Brief history of cyclocephalines in catalogs, checklists, and bibliographies Coleopterists have a long history of compiling species catalogs at a global or regional scale. Prior to the Information Age, these catalogs were invaluable resources for the entomological community because they served to organize biodiversity research. Cata- loging the diversity of cyclocephaline species began in Germany with the fourth volume of Catalogus Coleopterorum Hucusque Descriptorum Synonymicus et Systematicus (Harold 1869b). This catalog included information on over 120 valid species in the group and provided a brief list of citations for each taxon along with locality information. French entomologists Louis Chevrolat, Albert Fauvel, Auguste Sallé, and Edmond Fleutriaux provided early lists of cyclocephaline diversity in French Guiana (Fauvel 1861), Cuba (Chevrolat 1865), and Guadeloupe (Fleutiaux and Sallé 1889). Gilbert Arrow (1937b) published a comprehensive catalog of Dynastinae in the Coleoptorum Catalogus series. Arrow’s catalog featured an updated classification of the subfamily and the tribe Cyclo- cephalini. His concept of Cyclocephalini was broader than that of later workers, and he included several genera in the tribe that would be subsequently included in Oryctoder- ini. This new catalog also updated the bibliographic information