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Spider Diversity Along Altitudinal Gradient in Milam Valley Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Western Himalaya

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Spider Diversity Along Altitudinal Gradient in Milam Valley Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Western Himalaya 1206 Indian Forester [October 2011] 1207 I PAPILIONIDAE SPIDER DIVERSITY ALONG ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT IN MILAM VALLEY NANDA DEVI BIOSPHERE RESERVE, WESTERN HIMALAYA 53 Common lineblue Prosotas nora (C.Felder) C 54 Pea blue Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus) VC SHAZIA QUASIN AND V.P.UNIYAL 55 Large oak blue Arhopoda amantes (Hewitson) C 56 Plum judy Abisara echerius (Stoll) VC Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun 248001 Uttarakhand. 57 Forget-me-not Catochrysops Strabo (Fabricius) C V Fam HESPIRIIDAE Introduction area falls under Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, the 58 Rice swift Borbo cinnare (Wallace) VC th World Heritage Site. Milam Glacier originates from the 59 Indian skipper Spialia galba (Fabricius) C Spiders are diverse groups of animals attaining 7 60 Common banded demon Notocrypta paralyos (Wood-Mason & de Niceville) C number in diversity (Nyffeler and Benz, 1980). They are slopes of Trishul peak and is the source of the Milam River 61 Dark palm dart Telicota ancilla (Herrich-Schaffer) R abundant generalist predators in terrestrial habitats and and a tributary of the Pindar River. Some areas along this 62 Common dartlet Oriens goloides (Moore) C are themselves an important food source for other valley towards Milam were semi-arid in nature. The area * New Record, VC-Very Common, C- Common, R-Rare animals and are a valuable component of ecosystem is rich and diverse in both floral and fauna species. The major vegetation types ranges from tropical moist Acknowledgements function (Wise, 1993). The knowledge on diversity and distribution of spiders in India is sparse as compared to deciduous Forests to alpine moist and semi arid pastures. The authors are grateful to Orissa Forest Department for giving permission and logistic support to carry out the other regions of the world. Little information is available The sampling sites included Munsiyari (latitude 30°4' study. They are also thankful to Sri B.R. Rout, D.F.O. and S.Md.T. Rahman, ACF, Sunabeda Wildlife Sanctuary for their from the Northern part of India especially from the 17.4'' N; longitude 80° 13' 57.7'' E; Elevation 2310 m); valuable advices and guidance. Himalayan region. A total of 96 species/morphospecies Lilam (latitude 30°09'8''N; longitude 80°14' 56''E; Elevation 1850 m); Rargari (latitude 30°11'2''N; longitude SUMMARY of spiders belonging to 52 genera and 24 families were also reported from Chir pine forest habitat of Nanda Devi 80°14'00''E; Elevation 2256 m); Bogudyar (latitude 62 species belonging to 43 genera representing five families of the order Lepidoptera were recorded from Sunabeda Wildlife Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserve (Quasin and Uniyal, 2010a). Quasin 80°13'24.5''E; longitude30°12'51.1''N; Elevation 2450 Orissa. Family Nymphalidae was dominant with 20 genera having 28 species followed by Papilionidae (11), Pieridae (9), Lycaenidae (9) and m); Rilkot (latitude 30°18'38.15''N; longitude Hesperiidae, represented by five species. Analysis of encounter rates revealed the fact that common Indian crow, common tiger, common grass and Uniyal (2010b) also reported 64 species/ yellow, common rose, pea blue, tawny coster, common evening brown were widespread species, where 18 species were listed as very common, morphospecies (40 genus and 19 families) of spiders 80°12'30.78'' E; Elevation 3135m) and Milam (latitude 31 species as common and 13 species as rare inside the sanctuary. During the study period, three species of butterflies including Banded tree from Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary. Thus a serious need 30°25'58''N; longitude 80°9'11''E; Elevation 3900 m) Fig. brown, Fluffy tit and Common tit were observed from the sanctuary first time. exists to explore spider diversity in the Northern part of 1. The survey was conducted during June 2010. Keywords: Butterflies, Sunabeda Wildlife Sanctuary, New Records. the country. The present study was carried out in Milam Fig. 1 valley (Munsiyari to Milam Glacier) area of Pithoragarh lwukcsM+k oU; izk.kh vH;kj.; dh frrfy;ksa dk izkjfEHkd v/;;u&mM+hlk esa muds rhu u, vkys[kksa lfgr iM+rky lwph district of Uttarakhand to provide base line information lquhr ds nkl o ,p- ds- lkgq for future studies. It is the first approach in this region to Lkkjka'k study the spider fauna and aims to investigate the spider 'kfYd i{khx.k ds ikap oa'kksa dk izfrfuf/kRo djrh 43 iztkfr;ksa dh 62 tkfr;ksa dks lwukcsM+k oU; izk.kh vH;kj.; mM+hlk ls vkysf[kr fd;k x;k gSA blesa species composition in this region which will help in assessing the status of spider diversity in this region fuEQSfyM+h oa'k dk ckgqY; gS ftldh 20 iztkfr;ksa dh 28 tkfr;ksa dh frrfy;ka ;gka feyh gSA blds mijkUr vkrs gSa iksfify;ksfuMh oa'k (11) fi;fjMh (9)] keeping in mind its conservational value. ykgflfuM+h (9) gsLisfjvkbMh ftldk ikap tkfr;ka ;gka feyh gSA HksaV gksus dh njksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls ;g rF; irk yxk fd lkekU; Hkkjrh; dkSok] lkekU; O;k?kz] Material and Methods lkekU; ?kklihr] lkekU; xqykch] eVj tSlh uhyh] Vouh dksLVj] lkekU; la/;k Hkwjh frrfy;ka ;gka Hkh nwj&nwj rd QSyh tkfr;ka gSa ftuesa ls 18 tkfr;ka vkerkSj ls feyrh lwph esa vkrh gSA bl vH;kj.; esa 31 tkfr;ka vke tkfr;ka gSA 13 nqyZHk tkfr;ka gSA v/;;u ds nkSjku frrfy;ksa dh rhu tkfr;ka ftuds iV~Vhnkj o`{k Spider species were visually searched in shrubs, Hkwjh] ¶yQh fVV vkSj lkekU; fVV frrfy;ka lfEefyr gSaA bl vH;kj.; esa igyh ckj gh ns[kus dks feyh gSA trees and ground cover and also different microhabitats like under fallen rocks, stones and logs. The methods References employed for spider collection were vegetation beating, Arun, P.R. and P.A. Azeez (2003). On the butterflies of Puyankutty forest, Kerala, India. Zoos' Print, 18(12):1276-1279. hand picking and net sweeping. Collected specimens Result and Discussion Boonvanno, K., S. Watanasit and S. Permkam (2000). Butterfly Diversity at Ton Nga Chang Wildlife Sanctuary, Songkhla Province, Southern were transferred to 70% alcohol. All adult specimens Thailand. Science Asia 26: 105-110. were identified up to family, genus and species level. A total of 86 species/morphospecies under 39 Evans,W.H.(1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies. Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay. Accurate identification was only feasible with adult genus and 16 families (Table 1) were recorded during the Gaonkar, H. (1996). Butterflies of the Western Ghats with notes on those of Sri Lanka. A report to Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian specimen as the identification of the spider groups rely survey. In the preliminary findings, it was observed that Institute of Science, Bangalore; Zoological Museum, Copenhagen and Natural History Museum, London. heavily on the genitalia, the most accessible and likely Araneidae was found to be most diverse in terms of Haribal, M. (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya. Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation (SNCF), Gangtok. identification of specific identity. Thus, identifying species diversity. The 16 families recorded in the area Kehimkar, I. (2008). The Book of Indian Butterflies. Oxford University Press, Walton street, oxford OX26DP. immature spiders to species level was considered represent 26.6% of the total families in India (Sebastian Kunte, K,(2000). A lifescape of Butterflies of Peninsular India. Universities Press (India) Private Limited, Hyderabad. impractical because sexual characters were needed for and Peter, 2009). The families with the highest number of total species were Araneidae with 26 species (19.5% of all Mandal, D.K and D.N. Nandi (1984). On collections of Papilionidae from Orissa, India. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 81:355-368. species level identification (Edwards, 1993). All voucher specimens were deposited at the Wildlife Institute of the species), followed by Gnaphosidae (9.8%, 9 species); Mandal, D.K. and Maulik (1991). Insecta: Lepidoptera: Rhopalcera: Papilionidae, Papilioninae. A Checklist. State Fauna Series-I, Fauna of Linyphiidae, Salticidae, Lycosidae and Theridiidae (7.3 % Orissa, Part-I, Z.S.I. Calcutta. pp. 235-238. India, Dehradun. of the total species each) followed by Thomisidae, Sahu, H. K., J. Jena, S. K. Dutta and S. D. Rout (2006). Common Butterflies of Chahala Range of Similipal Tiger Reserve, Orissa, India. Indian Study Area Forester, 132 (10):1363-1366. Uloboridae, Philodromidae and Clubionidae (4.9% of the total species each). While the other families represented Sethy, J and J. Jena(2009). Notes on Butterflies of Gudgudia range of Similipal Tiger Reserve, Orissa, India. Indian Forester,135(10):1442- The study was conducted along the Milam Valley 1445. (Munsiyari to Milam Glacier) located in the district of the remaining 9.6% of total species (Fig. 2). Taylor, D.J. and De Niceville (1988). List of Butterflies of Khurda in Orissa, Insecta: Lepidoptera:Satridae. Pp 181-184. Pithoragarh, Kumaoun Himalayas in Uttarakhand. The Spiders were divided into three major functional 1208 Indian Forester [October 2011] Spider diversity along altitudinal gradient in Milam valley..... 1209 Sampling transect in the study area Fig. 4 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Spider families recorded from Milam Valley. Functional groups (%) of spiders from Milam Valley Table 1 Study Area Landscape Spiders recorded in Millam Valley 48 Family Genus Species Guild Araneidae Araniella Araniella sp.1 Web Builder Araniella sp.2 Web Builder Araneus Araneus sp.1 Web Builder Araneus sp.2 Web Builder Araneus sp.3 Web Builder Cyclosa Cyclosa insulana (Costa, 1834) Web Builder Cyclosa confraga (Thorell, 1892) Web Builder Cyclosa sp.1 Web Builder Cyclosa sp.2 Web Builder Cyrtophora Cyrtophora moluccensis (Doleschall,1857) Web Builder Cyrtophora sp.1 Web Builder Parawixia Parawixia dehaani (Doleschall, 1859) Web Builder Parawixia sp.1 Web Builder Parawixia sp.2 Web Builder Thelacantha Thelicantha brevispina (Doleschall, 1857) Web Builder Luloborus sp.
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