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A Preliminary Checklist of Spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India

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A Preliminary Checklist of Spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2016 | 8(4): 8703–8713 A preliminary checklist of spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India 1 2 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) C.K. Adarsh & P.O. Nameer Communication Short ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1,2 Centre for Wildlife Sciences, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala 680656, India 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] (corresponding author) OPEN ACCESS Abstract: A preliminary study was conducted to document spider the spiders are regarded as poisonous creatures, and the diversity in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Idukki District, Kerala State in general perception about them among the people are southern India. The study was conducted from October to November 2012. A total of 101 species of spiders belonging to 65 genera from negative. But the fact is that very few spiders are actually 29 families were identified from the sanctuary. This accounted for poisonous and harmful to human beings (Mathew et 6.98% of Indian spider species, 17.81% of Indian spider genera and 48.33% of the spider families of India. The dominant families were al. 2009). However, the services these creature do to Lycosidae (11 species) and Araneidae (10). Two endemic genera of mankind by way of controlling pest species have been Indian spiders such as Annandaliella and Neoheterophrictus were well documented (Riechert & Lockley 1984; Tanaka found at Chinnar, each representing one species each, and belonging to the family Theraphosidae. A guild structure analysis of the spiders 1989; Bishop & Riechert 1990). Being a less charismatic revealed seven feeding guilds such as orb weavers, stalkers, ground species and the scarcity of biologists studying spiders, runners, foliage runners, sheet web builders, space web builders and studies on the spiders of India in general and Western ambushers. Ghats in particular remain scant. One of the earliest Keywords: Endemism, guild structure, Idukki, Kerala. taxonomical documentations of the spider diversity of the country was by Pocock (1895, 1899, 1900). The important studies on spider diversity of the Western Spiders serve an important ecological role in the Ghats were by Hirst (1909), Gravely (1915, 1935), ecosystem functioning as they are predatory in nature and Sherriff (1919, 1920 a,b,c), Sinha (1951), Subramanian feed on several other insects and even small vertebrates. (1955), Smith (2004), and Sugumaran et al. (2005). Spiders are also considered as indicators of the health of Some of the recent published work on spider diversity the ecosystem (Mathew et al. 2009). A world without of the Western Ghats are as follows: Sudhikumar et al. spiders would have serious problems affecting the whole (2005a), reported 94 species from the Kuttanad rice food chain and cause an imbalance in the ecosystem; ecosystem, central Kerala Sudhikumar et al. (2005b), also however, their study has always remained neglected. reported 72 species from Mannavan Shola, which is part And there exist lots of misunderstanding about this of Anamudi Shola National Park. Sebastian et al. (2005) most ubiquitous and diverse groups of organisms. All reported 51 species from Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2740.8.4.8703-8713 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3C3B994D-DE71-431C-B6AA-ABF7907F53DF Editor: Manju Siliwal, WILD, Coimbatore, India. Date of publication: 26 April 2016 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # 2740 | Received 11 March 2015 | Final received 01 April 2016 | Finally accepted 05 April 2016 Citation: Adarsh, C.K. & P.O. Nameer (2016). A preliminary checklist of spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(4): 8703–8713; http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2740.8.4.8703-8713 Copyright: © Adarsh & Nameer 2016. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium, reproduc- tion and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. Funding: Kerala Agricultural University. Conflict of Interest:The authors declare no competing interests. Acknowledgements: We thank the Wildlife Warden, Munnar Wildlife Division and the Assistant Wildlife Warden Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary for the logistical support. Our sincere thanks to Dr. A.V. Sudhikumar for helping us with the confirmation of the identification of the spiders. Our thanks are due to the Dean, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University for encouragement and support and R. Sreehari for the map of the study area. We also thank the anonymous reviewers and the subject editor for their critical comments which greatly improved the manuscript. 8703 Spfders fn Chfnnar Wfldlffe Sanctuary Adar sh & Nameer whfle Jose et al. (2008) documented 147 specfes from Udumalpet road, SH-17 passes through the Sanctuary Parambfkulam Tfger Reserve, all from the Kerala part of for 16km and dfvfdes ft fnto nearly equal porfons. It fs the Western Ghats, except Kutanad and Magalavanam confguous wfth Eravfkulam Nafonal Park to the South whfch are coastal wetlands fn central Kerala. Adarsh & and Indfra Gandhf Wfldlffe Sanctuary fs to the north. It Nameer (2015) reported 86 specfes of spfders from the forms an fntegral part of the 1,187km 2 block of protected Kerala Agrfcultural Unfversfty campus, Thrfssur, Kerala. forests fn the Anamalaf Hflls, Western Ghats. The terrafn fs undulafng wfth hflls and hfllocks of Study Area varyfng hefghts. The alftude ranges from 400–2372 m. Chfnnar Wfldlffe Sanctuary fs located 18km north of The sanctuary fs sftuated fn the rafn shadow regfon and Marayoor fn the Marayoor and Kanthalloor Panchayaths hence the area experfences a prolonged hot/dry season of Devfkulam Taluk fn the Idukkf Dfstrfct of Kerala State and fewer rafny days. The Chfnnar plafns are generally (Ffg. 1). It fs located between 10 015’–10 021’N and 77 05’– hot, but the hfgher alftudes are cool. The major rafnfall 77 016’E and has a total area of 90.44km². The Munnar- season fs durfng the north-east monsoons occurrfng Ffgure 1. Locafon map of Chfnnar Wfldlffe Sanctuary, southern Western Ghats 8704 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 Aprfl 2016 | 8(4): 8703–8713 Spfders fn Chfnnar Wfldlffe Sanctuary Adar sh & Nameer from October to December. The rafny days fn a year range from between 30–40 days whfch account for about 300–500 mm rafnfall fn Chfnnar. But the hfgher alftudes areas lfke Olfkkudy and Mangappara recefve rafn durfng both the north-east and south-west monsoons wfth comparafvely much hfgher rafnfall. The recorded lowest temperature fs 12 0C and the hfghest fs 38 0C. The vegetafon shows an enfre spectrum rangfng from temperate shola to dry scrub of the arfd plafns. The vegetafon of the sanctuary can be broadly classffed fnto the followfng types accordfng to Champfon & Seth (1968). They are southern tropfcal thorn forest (scrub jungle), southern dry mfxed decfduous forest (dry decfduous forest), southern mofst mfxed decfduous forest (mofst decfduous forest), tropfcal rfparfan frfngfng forest (rfparfan forest), southern montane wet Ffgure 2. Gufld structure of spfders recorded from Chfnnar Wfldlffe temperate forest (montane shola forest) and southern Sanctuary montane wet grassland (grasslands). Methods genera, of whfch two are endemfc to Indfa. The endemfc The study was conducted from October to November genera of spfders seen at Chfnnar are Annandalfella and 2012. Bushes, tree trunks, ferns, forest loor, folfage and Neoheterophrfctus (Image 65), and belongfng to the grasslands were all searched for spfders and collected famfly Theraphosfdae. by handpfck method as suggested by Tfkader (1987). The spfders of Chfnnar Wfldlffe Sanctuary can be The fdenffcafon of spfders was done followfng Tfkader dfvfded fnto seven feedfng guflds based on the foragfng (1970, 1977, 1980, 1982, 1987), Koh (1996), Murphy behavfor (Uetz et al.1999). They are the orb weavers, & Murphy (2000), Sebasfan & Peter (2009). The stalkers, ground runners, folfage runners, sheet web checklfst of the spfders of Chfnnar Wfldlffe Sanctuary fs buflders, space web buflders and ambushers. The prepared and fs presented fn thfs paper. The taxonomy domfnant gufld was of the ground runners wfth 26 and nomenclature followed fs as per the world spfder specfes and fs followed by orb weavers (23 specfes), catalogue (Platnfck 2014). stalkers (14 specfes), ambushers (13 specfes), space web buflders (12 specfes), folfage runners (10 specfes) and Results and Dfscussfon sheet web buflders (3 specfes) (Table 1, Ffg. 2). Out of 1447 spfders recorded from Indfa (Sflfwal & The present report of Latrodectus hasself (Image Molur 2005, 2007), 101 specfes belongfng to 65 genera 56) from Chfnnar Wfldlffe Sanctuary fs the frst record of 29 famflfes were recorded durfng the present study of the specfes from Kerala State. There are only very (Appendfx 1). Thfs accounts for 6.98% of the total few reports on the occurrence of Latrodectus hasself specfes of spfders and 48.33% of the total spfder famflfes from Indfa. It was frst reported from Pune (Sfmon, recorded fn Indfa. Stegodyphus sarasfnorum (Image 10) 1897; Pocock, 1900), later by Danfel & Soman (1961) was found to be the most abundant specfes followed from Surfamal fn northern Thana, Bombay, then from by Hersflfa savfgnyf (Image 16) , Palpfmanus gfbbulus Vadodara (Baroda) by Sflfwal & Kumar (2001) and fnally (Image 33) , Cyclosa hexatuberculata (Image 2) , Selenops
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