Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Volume 72 February 2006 No. 2

GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Identification of Genes Associated with Survival of Raul I. Clavijo, Cindy Loui, Gary L. 1055–1064 Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis in Chicken Egg Andersen, Lee W. Riley, and Albumen Sangwei Lu The Naphthalene Catabolic (nag) Genes of Polaromonas Che Ok Jeon, Minjeong Park, 1086–1095 naphthalenivorans CJ2: Evolutionary Implications for Two Hyun-Su Ro, Woojun Park, and Gene Clusters and Novel Regulatory Control Eugene L. Madsen The Aflatoxin Biosynthesis Cluster Gene, aflX, Encodes an Jeffrey W. Cary, Kenneth C. 1096–1101 Oxidoreductase Involved in Conversion of Versicolorin A Ehrlich, John M. Bland, and Beverly to Demethylsterigmatocystin G. Montalbano Isolation and Expression of the Lysis Genes of Actinomyces Allan L. Delisle, Gerard J. Barcak, 1110–1117 naeslundii Phage Av-1 and Ming Guo Construction and Complementation of In-Frame Deletions David-Nicolas Chaperon 1288–1294 of the Essential Escherichia coli Thymidylate Kinase Gene Strategy for Identification of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus Daniele Daffonchio, Noura 1295–1301 thuringiensis Strains Closely Related to Bacillus anthracis Raddadi, Maya Merabishvili, Ameur Cherif, Lorenzo Carmagnola, Lorenzo Brusetti, Aurora Rizzi, Nina Chanishvili, Paolo Visca, Richard Sharp, and Sara Borin Natural Transformation-Mediated Transfer of Erythromycin Joo-Sung Kim, Donna K. Carver, 1316–1321 Resistance in Campylobacter coli Strains from Turkeys and and Sophia Kathariou Swine A Bacillus megaterium Plasmid System for the Production, Marco Malten, Rebekka 1677–1679 Export, and One-Step Purification of Affinity-Tagged Biedendieck, Martin Gamer, Ann- Heterologous Levansucrase from Growth Medium Christin Drews, Simon Stammen, Klaus Buchholz, Lubbert Dijkhuizen, and Dieter Jahn Probing In Vivo Promoter Activities in Mycoplasma Sven Halbedel and Jo¨rg Stu¨lke 1696–1699 pneumoniae: a System for Generation of Single-Copy Reporter Constructs

ENZYMOLOGY AND PROTEIN ENGINEERING

Identification of an endo-␤-1,4-D-Xylanase from Magnaporthe Sheng-Cheng Wu, Jeffrey E. Halley, 986–993 grisea by Gene Knockout Analysis, Purification, and Christopher Luttig, Linda M. Heterologous Expression Fernekes, Gerardo Gutie´rrez- Sanchez, Alan G. Darvill, and Peter Albersheim Purification, Characterization, and Gene Cloning of a Novel Kazuhisa Mukai, Hikaru Watanabe, 1065–1071 Maltosyltransferase from an Arthrobacter globiformis Strain Michio Kubota, Hiroto Chaen, That Produces an Alternating ␣-1,4- and ␣-1,6-Cyclic Shigeharu Fukuda, and Masashi Tetrasaccharide from Starch Kurimoto Catabolism of 1,5-Anhydro-D-Fructose in Sinorhizobium Annette Ku¨hn, Shukun Yu, and 1248–1257 morelense S-30.7.5: Discovery, Characterization, and Friedrich Giffhorn Overexpression of a New 1,5-Anhydro-D-Fructose Reductase and Its Application in Sugar Analysis and Rare Sugar Synthesis Pyrroloquinoline Quinone-Dependent Dehydrogenases from Taro Miyazaki, Teruhide Sugisawa, 1487–1495 Ketogulonicigenium vulgare Catalyze the Direct Conversion of and Tatsuo Hoshino L-Sorbosone to L-Ascorbic Acid

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Functional and Structural Characterization of Thermostable Seung-Goo Lee, Seung-Pyo Hong, 1588–1594 D-Amino Acid Aminotransferases from Geobacillus spp. Jae Jun Song, Su-Jin Kim, Mi-Sun Kwak, and Moon-Hee Sung

PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Characterization of an Agrobacterium tumefaciens D-Psicose Hye-Jung Kim, Eun-Kyung Hyun, 981–985 3-Epimerase That Converts D-Fructose to D-Psicose Yeong-Su Kim, Yong-Joo Lee, and Deok-Kun Oh In Vitro Kinetic Analysis of Oligofructose Consumption by Roel Van der Meulen, Lefteris 1006–1012 Bacteroides and Biﬁdobacterium spp. Indicates Different Makras, Kristof Verbrugghe, Tom Degradation Mechanisms Adriany, and Luc De Vuyst Pure-Culture Growth of Fermentative Bacteria, Facilitated Cameron J. Adams, Molly C. 1079–1085

by H2 Removal: Bioenergetics and H2 Production Redmond, and David L. Valentine Engineering Plant-Microbe Symbiosis for Rhizoremediation Cindy H. Wu, Thomas K. Wood, 1129–1134 of Heavy Metals Ashok Mulchandani, and Wilfred Chen Nonlinear Dependency of Intracellular Fluxes on Growth Annik Nanchen, Alexander 1164–1172 Rate in Miniaturized Continuous Cultures of Escherichia coli Schicker, and Uwe Sauer Identification of QuiP, the Product of Gene PA1032, as the Jean J. Huang, Ashley Petersen, 1190–1197 Second Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Acylase of Pseudomonas Marvin Whiteley, and Jared R. aeruginosa PAO1 Leadbetter Characterization of the tre Locus and Analysis of Trehalose Tri Duong, Rodolphe Barrangou, 1218–1225 Cryoprotection in Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM W. Michael Russell, and Todd R. Klaenhammer Evidence for Autotrophy via the Reverse Tricarboxylic Acid Timothy J. Williams, Chuanlun L. 1322–1329 Cycle in the Marine Magnetotactic Coccus Strain MC-1 Zhang, James H. Scott, and Dennis A. Bazylinski Involvement of Two Specific Causes of Cell Mortality in Fre´de´ric Dumont, Pierre-Andre´ 1330–1335 Freeze-Thaw Cycles with Freezing to ؊196°C Marechal, and Patrick Gervais Neutral Lipid Biosynthesis in Engineered Escherichia coli: Rainer Kalscheuer, Tim Sto¨veken, 1373–1379 Jojoba Oil-Like Wax Esters and Fatty Acid Butyl Esters Heinrich Luftmann, Ursula Malkus, Rudolf Reichelt, and Alexander Steinbu¨chel The Thin Pili of Acinetobacter sp. Strain BD413 Mediate Olivia Gohl, Alexandra Friedrich, 1394–1401 Adhesion to Biotic and Abiotic Surfaces Michael Hoppert, and Beate Averhoff Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activity Can Be Transmitted Catherine Tanous, Emilie 1402–1409 Naturally to Lactococcus lactis Strains To Stimulate Amino Chambellon, Dominique Le Bars, Acid Conversion to Aroma Compounds Gilbert Delespaul, and Mireille Yvon Engineering the Genotype of Acinetobacter sp. Strain ADP1 Yasser Elbahloul and Alexander 1410–1419 To Enhance Biosynthesis of Cyanophycin Steinbu¨chel In Situ and In Vitro Gene Expression by Vibrio vulnificus Ben Smith and James D. Oliver 1445–1451 during Entry into, Persistence within, and Resuscitation from the Viable but Nonculturable State Production of the Lantibiotic Salivaricin A and Its Variants Philip A. Wescombe, Mathew 1459–1466 by Oral Streptococci and Use of a Specific Induction Assay Upton, Karen P. Dierksen, Nancy L. To Detect Their Presence in Human Saliva Ragland, Senthuran Sivabalan, Ruth E. Wirawan, Megan A. Inglis, Chris J. Moore, Glenn V. Walker, Chris N. Chilcott, Howard F. Jenkinson, and John R. Tagg

Paenibacillus sp. Strain JDR-2 and XynA1: a Novel System Franz J. St. John, John D. Rice, and 1496–1506 for Methylglucuronoxylan Utilization James F. Preston In Vivo Functional Assay of a Recombinant Aquaporin in Mark J. Daniels, Malcolm R. Wood, 1507–1514 Pichia pastoris and Mark Yeager Continued on following page Continued from preceding page

Use of PMA1 as a Housekeeping Biomarker for Assessment Marcel Schmitt, Petra Schwanewilm, 1515–1522 of Toxicant-Induced Stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Jost Ludwig, and Hella Lichtenberg- Frate´ Characterization of Metabolism in the Fe(III)-Reducing R. Mahadevan, D. R. Bond, J. E. 1558–1568 Organism Geobacter sulfurreducens by Constraint-Based Butler, A. Esteve-Nun˜ez, M. V. Modeling Coppi, B. O. Palsson, C. H. Schilling, and D. R. Lovley A Quorum-Quenching Approach To Investigate the Julia Wopperer, Silvia T. Cardona, 1579–1587 Conservation of Quorum-Sensing-Regulated Functions Birgit Huber, Christoph A. Jacobi, within the Burkholderia cepacia Complex Miguel A. Valvano, and Leo Eberl Enhanced Benzaldehyde Tolerance in Zymomonas mobilis Xuan Zhong Li, Jeremy S. Webb, 1639–1644 Bioﬁlms and the Potential of Bioﬁlm Applications in Fine- Staffan Kjelleberg, and Bettina Chemical Production Rosche

MYCOLOGY

Effect of Ammonia Production by Colletotrichum H. Kramer-Haimovich, E. Servi, T. 1034–1039 gloeosporioides on pelB Activation, Pectate Lyase Secretion, Katan, J. Rollins, Y. Okon, and D. and Fruit Pathogenicity Prusky Only a Few Fungal Species Dominate Highly Diverse Karin Neubert, Kurt Mendgen, 1118–1128 Mycoﬂoras Associated with the Common Reed Henner Brinkmann, and Stefan G. R. Wirsel Colonization of Tomato Root by Pathogenic and Chantal Olivain, Claude Humbert, 1523–1531 Nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Strains Inoculated Jarmila Nahalkova, Jamshid Fatehi, Together and Separately into the Soil Floriane L’Haridon, and Claude Alabouvette Induction by Klebsiella aerogenes of a Melanin-Like Pigment Susana Frases, Stuart Chaskes, 1542–1550 in Cryptococcus neoformans Ekaterina Dadachova, and Arturo Casadevall GIP2, a Putative Transcription Factor That Regulates the Jung-Eun Kim, Jianming Jin, Hun 1645–1652 Aurofusarin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in Gibberella zeae Kim, Jin-Cheol Kim, Sung-Hwan Yun, and Yin-Won Lee Analysis of Expressed Sequence Tag Data and Gene Ye Deng, Haitao Dong, Qingchao 1667–1671 Expression Proﬁles Involved in Conidial Germination of Jin, Cheng’en Dai, Yongqi Fang, Fusarium oxysporum Shen Liang, Ke Wang, Jing Shao, Yichun Lou, Wenqin Shi, Demetrios J. Vakalounakis, and Debao Li

PUBLIC HEALTH MICROBIOLOGY

Comparison of the Efﬁcacies of Disinfectants To Control A. J. Schel, P. D. Marsh, D. J. 1380–1387 Microbial Contamination in Dental Unit Water Systems Bradshaw, M. Finney, M. R. in General Dental Practices across the European Union Fulford, E. Frandsen, E. Østergaard, J. M. ten Cate, W. R. Moorer, A. Mavridou, J. J. Kamma, G. Mandilara, L. Sto¨sser, S. Kneist, R. Araujo, N. Contreras, P. Goroncy-Bermes, D. O’Mullane, F. Burke, P. O’Reilly, G. Hourigan, M. O’Sullivan, R. Holman, and J. T. Walker Multiple-Locus Sequence Typing Analysis of Bacillus cereus Alexei Sorokin, Benjamin Candelon, 1569–1578 and Bacillus thuringiensis Reveals Separate Clustering and Ke´vin Guilloux, Nathalie Galleron, a Distinct Population Structure of Psychrotrophic Strains Natalia Wackerow-Kouzova, S. Dusko Ehrlich, Denis Bourguet, and Vincent Sanchis

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Multitiered Approach Using Quantitative PCR To Track Rachel T. Noble, John F. Grifﬁth, 1604–1612 Sources of Fecal Pollution Affecting Santa Monica Bay, A. Denene Blackwood, Jed A. California Fuhrman, Jason B. Gregory, Ximena Hernandez, Xiaolin Liang, Angie A. Bera, and Kenneth Schiff

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

In Vivo Emission of Dinitrogen by Earthworms via Marcus A. Horn, Ralph Mertel, 1013–1018 Denitrifying Bacteria in the Gut Matthias Gehre, Matthias Ka¨stner, and Harold L. Drake Nitrous Oxide Reductase Genes (nosZ) of Denitrifying Marcus A. Horn, Harold L. Drake, 1019–1026 Microbial Populations in Soil and the Earthworm Gut and Andreas Schramm Are Phylogenetically Similar Carbon Isotope Fractionation during Anaerobic Degradation Piyapawn Somsamak, Hans H. 1157–1163 of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether under Sulfate-Reducing and Richnow, and Max M. Ha¨ggblom Methanogenic Conditions Sequence Variation among Group III F-Specific RNA Jill R. Stewart, Jan Vinje´, Sjon J. G. 1226–1230 Coliphages from Water Samples and Swine Lagoons Oudejans, Geoff I. Scott, and Mark D. Sobsey Isolation and Characterization of a Cyanophage Infecting Takashi Yoshida, Yukari 1239–1247 the Toxic Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa Takashima, Yuji Tomaru, Yoko Shirai, Yoshitake Takao, Shingo Hiroishi, and Keizo Nagasaki Cloning and Functional Characterization of the styE Gene, Aisling Mooney, Niall D. O’Leary, 1302–1309 Involved in Styrene Transport in Pseudomonas putida CA-3 and Alan D. W. Dobson Unstable Lysogeny and Pseudolysogeny in Vibrio harveyi Krit Khemayan, Tirasak 1355–1363 Siphovirus-Like Phage 1 Pasharawipas, Orapim Puiprom, Siriporn Sriurairatana, Orasa Suthienkul, and Timothy W. Flegel Identification of a Thiomicrospira denitrificans-Like Ingrid Brettar, Matthias Labrenz, 1364–1372 Epsilonproteobacterium as a Catalyst for Autotrophic Se´bastien Flavier, Julia Bo¨tel, Denitrification in the Central Baltic Sea Harri Kuosa, Richard Christen, and Manfred G. Ho¨fle Temperature-Regulated Formation of Mycelial Mat-Like Zhenyu Piao, Chun Chau Sze, 1613–1622 Biofilms by Legionella pneumophila Oksana Barysheva, Ken-ichiro Iida, and Shin-ichi Yoshida Characterization of Bacterial Communities Associated Kevin Penn, Dongying Wu, 1680–1683 with Deep-Sea Corals on Gulf of Alaska Seamounts Jonathan A. Eisen, and Naomi Ward Diversity of Microorganisms within Rock Varnish in the K. R. Kuhlman, W. G. Fusco, M. T. 1708–1715 Whipple Mountains, California La Duc, L. B. Allenbach, C. L. Ball, G. M. Kuhlman, R. C. Anderson, I. K. Erickson, T. Stuecker, J. Benardini, J. L. Strap, and R. L. Crawford

MICROBIAL ECOLOGY

Differences in Fecal Microbiota in Different European Study Susanne Mueller, Katiana Saunier, 1027–1033 Populations in Relation to Age, Gender, and Country: Christiana Hanisch, Elisabeth Norin, a Cross-Sectional Study Livia Alm, Tore Midtvedt, Alberto Cresci, Stefania Silvi, Carla Orpianesi, Maria Cristina Verdenelli, Thomas Clavel, Corinna Koebnick, Hans-Joachim Franz Zunft, Joe¨l Dore´, and Michael Blaut

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Novel Genetic Variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Makoto Kawahara, Yasuko Rikihisa, 1102–1109 Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma centrale, and a Novel Ehrlichia Quan Lin, Emiko Isogai, Kenji sp. in Wild Deer and Ticks on Two Major Islands in Japan Tahara, Asao Itagaki, Yoshimichi Hiramitsu, and Tomoko Tajima Genetic Variance in the Composition of Two Functional Anthony C. Yannarell, Timothy F. 1207–1217 Groups (Diazotrophs and Cyanobacteria) from a Steppe, and Hans W. Paerl Hypersaline Microbial Mat Differential Effects of Nitrogenous Fertilizers on Methane- Santosh R. Mohanty, Paul L. E. 1346–1354 Consuming Microbes in Rice Field and Forest Soils Bodelier, Virgilio Floris, and Ralf Conrad Phosphorus Scavenging in the Unicellular Marine Sonya T. Dyhrman and Sheean T. 1452–1458 Diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii Haley Degradation of 4-Chloro-2-Methylphenoxyacetic Acid in Jacob Bælum, Trine Henriksen, 1476–1486 Top- and Subsoil Is Quantitatively Linked to the Class III Hans Christian Bruun Hansen, and tfdA Gene Carsten Suhr Jacobsen Dynamic Transition of a Methanogenic Population in Tomoyuki Hori, Shin Haruta, 1623–1630 Response to the Concentration of Volatile Fatty Acids in a Yoshiyuki Ueno, Masaharu Ishii, Thermophlic Anaerobic Digester and Yasuo Igarashi Biodiversity of Methanogenic and Other Archaea in the Elizabeth A. Karr, Joshua M. Ng, 1663–1666 Permanently Frozen Lake Fryxell, Antarctica Sara M. Belchik, W. Matthew Sattley, Michael T. Madigan, and Laurie A. Achenbach Cumulative Effects of Short-Term Polymetal Contamination L. Ranjard, L. Lignier, and R. 1684–1687 on Soil Bacterial Community Structure Chaussod

GEOMICROBIOLOGY

Root-Associated Bacteria Contribute to Mineral Weathering Christophe Calvaruso, Marie-Pierre 1258–1266 and to Mineral Nutrition in Trees: a Budgeting Analysis Turpault, and Pascale Frey-Klett

FOOD MICROBIOLOGY

Reliable and Rapid Identiﬁcation of Listeria monocytogenes Cecilia A. Rebuffo, Ju¨rgen Schmitt, 994–1000 and Listeria Species by Artiﬁcial Neural Network-Based Mareike Wenning, Felix von Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Stetten, and Siegfried Scherer Bioassay for Nisin in Milk, Processed Cheese, Salad J. Hakovirta, J. Reunanen, and 1001–1005 Dressings, Canned Tomatoes, and Liquid Egg Products P. E. J. Saris Biocontrol of the Food-Borne Pathogens Listeria Britta Leverentz, William S. 1135–1140 monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica Serovar Poona on Conway, Wojciech Janisiewicz, Fresh-Cut Apples with Naturally Occurring Bacterial and Maribel Abadias, Cletus P. Yeast Antagonists Kurtzman, and Mary J. Camp Determination of Essential and Variable Residues in Tatsuya Tominaga and Yoshinori 1141–1147 Pediocin PA-1 by NNK Scanning Hatakeyama Molecular and Genetic Characterization of a Novel Nisin Ruth E. Wirawan, Nikolai A. 1148–1156 Variant Produced by Streptococcus uberis Klesse, Ralph W. Jack, and John R. Tagg Differential Expression of Proteins and Genes in the Lag Nadja Larsen, Mette Boye, Henrik 1173–1179 Phase of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Grown in Synthetic Siegumfeldt, and Mogens Jakobsen Medium and Reconstituted Skim Milk Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Maria Fiorella Mazzeo, Alida 1180–1189 Mass Spectrometry for the Discrimination of Food-Borne Sorrentino, Marcello Gaita, Microorganisms Giuseppina Cacace, Michele Di Stasio, Angelo Facchiano, Giuseppe Comi, Antonio Malorni, and Rosa Anna Siciliano

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Two Subpopulations of Listeria monocytogenes Occur at Tina Hornbæk, Per B. Brockhoff, 1631–1638 Subinhibitory Concentrations of Leucocin 4010 and Nisin Henrik Siegumfeldt, and Birgitte Bjørn Budde

PLANT MICROBIOLOGY

Speciﬁc Detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Isabelle Robe`ne-Soustrade, Philippe 1072–1078 dieffenbachiae in Anthurium (Anthurium andreanum) Tissues Laurent, Lionel Gagnevin, by Nested PCR Emmanuel Jouen, and Olivier Pruvost Coexistence of Burkholderia, Cupriavidus, and Rhizobium sp. Craig F. Barrett and Matthew A. 1198–1206 Nodule Bacteria on two Mimosa spp. in Costa Rica Parker

INVERTEBRATE MICROBIOLOGY

Host-Symbiont Relationships in Hydrothermal Vent Yohey Suzuki, Shigeaki Kojima, 1388–1393 Gastropods of the Genus Alviniconcha from the Southwest Takenori Sasaki, Masae Suzuki, Pacific Takashi Utsumi, Hiromi Watanabe, Hidetoshi Urakawa, Shinji Tsuchida, Takuro Nunoura, Hisako Hirayama, Ken Takai, Kenneth H. Nealson, and Koki Horikoshi A Novel Bacteroidetes Symbiont Is Localized in Scaphoideus Massimo Marzorati, Alberto Alma, 1467–1475 titanus, the Insect Vector of Flavescence Doreé in Vitis Luciano Sacchi, Massimo Pajoro, vinifera Simona Palermo, Lorenzo Brusetti, Noura Raddadi, Annalisa Balloi, Rosemarie Tedeschi, Emanuela Clementi, Silvia Corona, Fabio Quaglino, Piero Attilio Bianco, Tiziana Beninati, Claudio Bandi, and Daniele Daffonchio Lack of Detrimental Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis Ana Rodrigo-Simoń, Ruud A. de 1595–1603 Cry Toxins on the Insect Predator Chrysoperla carnea: Maagd, Carlos Avilla, Petra L. a Toxicological, Histopathological, and Biochemical Bakker, Jos Molthoff, Jose E. Analysis Gonza´lez-Zamora, and Juan Ferre´ Txp40, a Ubiquitous Insecticidal Toxin Protein from S. E. Brown, A. T. Cao, P. Dobson, 1653–1662 Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus Bacteria E. R. Hines, R. J. Akhurst, and P. D. East Caenorhabditis elegans Is a Model Host for Listeria Line E. Thomsen, Sandra S. Slutz, 1700–1701 monocytogenes Man-Wah Tan, and Hanne Ingmer

METHODS

Detection of Type A, B, E, and F Clostridium botulinum Shashi K. Sharma, Joseph L. 1231–1238 Neurotoxins in Foods by Using an Amplified Enzyme-Linked Ferreira, Brian S. Eblen, and Immunosorbent Assay with Digoxigenin-Labeled Antibodies Richard C. Whiting RNA-Mediated Gene Silencing in Monokaryons and Jan F. de Jong, Heine J. Deelstra, 1267–1269 Dikaryons of Schizophyllum commune Han A. B. Wo¨sten, and Luis G. Lugones New Threshold and Confidence Estimates for Terminal Catherine A. Osborne, Gavin N. 1270–1278 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Rees, Yaniv Bernstein, and Peter H. Complex Bacterial Communities Janssen Rapid High-Throughput Assessment of Aerobic Bacteria Fiach C. O’Mahony and Dmitri B. 1279–1287 in Complex Samples by Fluorescence-Based Oxygen Papkovsky Respirometry Genetic Modification of Bacillus subtilis for Production of Ken-ichi Yoshida, Masanori 1310–1315 D-chiro-Inositol, an Investigational Drug Candidate for Yamaguchi, Tetsuro Morinaga, Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Polycystic Ovary Maya Ikeuchi, Masaki Kinehara, Syndrome and Hitoshi Ashida

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Molecular Assays for Detecting Aphanomyces invadans in Mark W. Vandersea, R. Wayne 1551–1557 Ulcerative Mycotic Fish Lesions Litaker, Bryan Yonnish, Emilio Sosa, Jan H. Landsberg, Chris Pullinger, Paula Moon-Butzin, Jason Green, James A. Morris, Howard Kator, Edward J. Noga, and Patricia A. Tester mRNA-Based Parallel Detection of Active Methanotroph Levente Bodrossy, Nancy Stralis- 1672–1676 Populations by Use of a Diagnostic Microarray Pavese, Marianne Konrad-Ko¨szler, Alexandra Weilharter, Thomas G. Reichenauer, David Scho¨fer, and Angela Sessitsch Improvement of Oligonucleotide Probe Design Criteria for Jost Liebich, Christopher W. Schadt, 1688–1691 Functional Gene Microarrays in Environmental Applications Song C. Chong, Zhili He, Sung- Keun Rhee, and Jizhong Zhou Measurement of Respiration Rates of Methylobacterium Tim J. Strovas, Joe M. Dragavon, 1692–1695 extorquens AM1 Cultures by Use of a Phosphorescence- Tyler J. Hankins, James B. Callis, Based Sensor Lloyd W. Burgess, and Mary E. Lidstrom Freezing Induces Biased Results in the Molecular Detection Lotta-Riina Suomalainen, Hilkka 1702–1704 of Flavobacterium columnare Reunanen, Ritva Ija¨s, E. Tellervo Valtonen, and Marja Tiirola Isolation of Rickettsia felis in the Mosquito Cell Line C6/36 Maurı´cio C. Horta, Marcelo B. 1705–1707 Labruna, Edison L. Durigon, and Teresinha T. S. Schumaker

BIODEGRADATION

Biodegradation of 3-Nitrotyrosine by Burkholderia sp. Strain Shirley F. Nishino and Jim C. Spain 1040–1044 JS165 and Variovorax paradoxus JS171 Molecular Cloning and Expression of Genes Encoding a Seong-Jae Kim, Ohgew Kweon, 1045–1054 Novel Dioxygenase Involved in Low- and High-Molecular- James P. Freeman, Richard C. Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation in Jones, Michael D. Adjei, Jin-Woo Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 Jhoo, Ricky D. Edmondson, and Carl E. Cerniglia Degradation of 2,3-Diethyl-5-Methylpyrazine by a Newly Sugima Rappert, Kathrin Caroline 1437–1444 Discovered Bacterium, Mycobacterium sp. Strain DM-11 Botsch, Stephanie Nagorny, Wittko Francke, and Rudolf Mu¨ller

EVOLUTIONARY AND GENOMIC MICROBIOLOGY

Several Archaeal Homologs of Oligopeptide-Binding Dhaval M. Nanavati, Kamolwan 1336–1345 Proteins Encoded by Thermotoga maritima Bind Sugars Thirangoon, and Kenneth M. Noll First Insights into the Evolution of Streptococcus uberis: Tracey J. Coffey, Gillian D. 1420–1428 a Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme That Enables Pullinger, Rachel Urwin, Keith A. Investigation of Its Population Biology Jolley, Stephen M. Wilson, Martin C. Maiden, and James A. Leigh Application of Streptococcus uberis Multilocus Sequence Gillian D. Pullinger, Mario Lo´pez- 1429–1436 Typing: Analysis of the Population Structure Detected Benavides, Tracey J. Coffey, John among Environmental and Bovine Isolates from New H. Williamson, Ray T. Cursons, Zealand and the United Kingdom Emma Summers, Jane Lacy- Hulbert, Martin C. Maiden, and James A. Leigh Comparative Genomics of DNA Fragments from Six Joseph J. Grzymski, Brandon J. 1532–1541 Antarctic Marine Planktonic Bacteria Carter, Edward F. DeLong, Robert A. Feldman, Amir Ghadiri, and Alison E. Murray

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ERRATA

Enhanced Hydrogen Production from Formic Acid by Akihito Yoshida, Taku Nishimura, 1716 Formate Hydrogen Lyase-Overexpressing Escherichia coli Hideo Kawaguchi, Masayuki Inui, Strains and Hideaki Yukawa Sequential Reductive Dechlorination of meta-Chlorinated Sonja K. Fagervold, Joy E. M. 1717 Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Sediment Watts, Harold D. May, and Kevin Microcosms of Two Different Chloroﬂexi Phylotypes R. Sowers

Cover photograph (Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.): Tomato root and attached soil particles colonized by hyphae of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici expressing the DsRed2 gene, 4 days after transplantation of a tomato seedling into soil infested with 105 conidia per ml of soil. The image is a superposition of a confocal ﬂuorescent projection onto a light micrograph. (See related article on page 1523.)