CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION Job Service North Dakota’s Labor Market Information Center has released the 2021 edition of Careers in North Dakota. This report covers nearly everything you ever wanted to know about career opportunities in North Dakota including employment projections, wages, core tasks, generalized work activities, work context factors, skills, abilities, work styles, knowledge, and typical education/training requirements. Additionally, we’ve tagged those occupations that are high demand, high wage, and belong to one of fi ve skill clusters. Occupations are grouped by the 16 career clusters and arranged by a six-digit 2018 Standard Occupational Classifi cation (SOC) code. The top interest category for each occupation is also available. For your convenience, an Occupation Title Index is available at the end of the report. Nondisclosable occupations and ‘All Other’ categories are excluded from this report, though the data are included in any aggregate totals. This report should be used as a general guide for career exploration, not as the sole determinant of a career direction or choice.

An occupation’s 2019 base employment estimate must be equal to or greater than 50 to be included in this report. The employment projections data reference the 2019-2029 time period, the latest available at the time of publication, and are a product of the Labor Market Information Center. The numeric change is diff erence between base year and projected employment and measures net job gains or losses over the next ten years. Numeric changes of 50 or greater have been bolded and lightly shaded. The percent change, or growth rate, is the rate at which new jobs will be created over the next ten years. High growth rates (20 percent or greater) have been bolded and lightly shaded. Labor force exit openings are the projected number of workers permanently leaving an occupation and exiting the labor force entirely. Occupational transfer openings are the projected number of workers leaving an occupation and transferring to a diff erent occupation. Occupational wage data, the latest available at the time of publication, originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program. Occupational wage data exclude overtime pay and earnings from self-employed workers. Above-average wages have been bolded and lightly- shaded. The education and training classifi cation system assigns typical entry-level education, related work experience, and typical on-the-job training to each occupation. Additionally, the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) supplies key characteristics of an occupation by describing the day-to-day aspects of the job and the qualifi cations and interests of the typical worker. Every occupation requires a diff erent mix of skills, knowledge, and abilities and is performed using a variety of general work activities and core tasks. Updates to the O*NET database occur on an annual basis. The latest O*NET database available at the time of publication was version 25.1 released November 2020. While O*NET data are the result of a national survey and not specifi c to North Dakota, they are generally comparable to the local job market.

HIGH DEMAND OCCUPATIONS

High demand occupations have a projected numeric change of 50 or greater. High demand occupations should not be the sole focus of a career exploration plan since potentially promising occupation choices may have just missed the cutoff . This designation does not constitute an endorsement, but instead highlights a group of diverse occupations adding the largest number of new jobs over the projections period.

HIGH WAGE OCCUPATIONS

High wage occupations are those with an average wage at least 25 percent greater than the average for all occupations. For 2019, North Dakota’s annual average wage was $50,430 or $24.25 per hour assuming full-time, year-round employment. A designated high wage occupation pays at least $63,000 annually. High wage occupations should not be the sole focus of a career exploration plan since potentially promising occupation choices may have just missed the cutoff . This designation does not constitute an endorsement, but instead highlights a group of diverse occupations with considerably higher-than-average wages.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 1 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION SKILL CLUSTERS

Each occupation’s experience, education, and EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS 2019-2029 job training requirements, as defi ned by O*NET NUMERIC CHANGE 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 job zones, are the primary determinants of a skill cluster assignment. After an internal review by North Dakota labor market analysts, 134 skill LOW SKILL 4,965 cluster assignments were modifi ed to better refl ect North Dakota’s labor market. Therefore, SOME SKILL this publication may not match the orginal O*NET 4,427 source material. Occupations fall within one of fi ve skill cluster categories outlined below: MEDIUM 4,123 SKILL

Low skill occupations need little or no previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience. Some of these occupations HIGH SKILL 6,970 may require a high school diploma or GED certifi cate. Employees in these occupations need anywhere from a few ADVANCED days to a few months of training. Usually, an experienced 2,014 worker could show you how to do the job. Based on O*NET job SKILL zone category 1. PERCENT CHANGE 0% 5% 10%

Some skill occupations usually need some previous work- LOW SKILL 4.4% related skill, knowledge, or experience. These occupations usually require a high school diploma. Employees in these occupations need anywhere from a few months to one year of working with experienced employees. A recognized SOME SKILL 2.9% apprenticeship program may be associated with these occupations. Based on O*NET job zone category 2. MEDIUM 3.5% SKILL

Medium skill occupations require previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience. Most occupations in this HIGH SKILL 9.0% cluster require training in vocational schools, related on- the-job experience, or an associate’s degree. Employees in ADVANCED these occupations usually need one or two years of training 8.5% involving both on-the-job experience and informal training with SKILL experienced workers. A recognized apprenticeship program may be associated with these occupations. Based on O*NET job zone category 3. AVERAGE 2019 WAGES

$0 $60,000 $120,000

High skill occupations need a considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience. Most of these LOW SKILL $31,480 occupations require a four-year bachelor’s degree, but some do not. Employees in these occupations usually need several years of work-related experience, on-the-job training, and/or SOME SKILL $42,590 vocational training. Based on O*NET job zone category 4.

MEDIUM $54,090 SKILL Advanced skill occupations need extensive skill, knowledge, and experience. Many require more than fi ve years of

experience. Most of these occupations require graduate HIGH SKILL $74,830 school. Employees may need some on-the-job training, but most of these occupations assume that the person will already

have the required skills, knowledge, work-related experience, ADVANCED $100,760 and/or training. Based on O*NET job zone category 5. SKILL

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 2 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTERS

Career clusters are groupings of related occupations in the same fi eld of work that require similar skills (for more information, visit www.careertech.org/career-clusters). Students, parents, and educators can use career clusters to help focus postsecondary educational goals toward obtaining the necessary knowledge, competencies, and training for success in a particular career pathway. Occupations are assigned to a singular career cluster using crosswalks initially developed in 2012 by the Crosswalk Validation project, a joint eff ort by the National Research Center for Career and Technical Education (NRCCTE) and the National Association of State Directors of Career-Technical Education Consortium (NASDCTEc). The 16 career clusters are defi ned below:

Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources: The production, processing, marketing, distribution, fi nancing, and development of agricultural commodities and resources including food, fi ber, wood products, natural resources, horticulture, and other plant and animal products and resources. Also includes energy production and processing activities related to oil, gas, and coal.

Architecture and Construction: Designing, planning, managing, building, and maintaining the built environment.

Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications: Designing, producing, exhibiting, performing, writing, and publishing multimedia content including visual and performing arts and design, journalism, and entertainment services.

Business Management and Administration: Planning, organizing, directing and evaluating business functions essential to effi cient and productive business operations. Business Management and Administration career opportunities are available in every sector of the economy.

Education and Training: Planning, managing, and providing education and training services, and related learning support services.

Finance: Financial and investment planning, banking, insurance, and business fi nancial management.

Government and Public Administration: Executing governmental functions to include governance, national security, foreign service, planning, revenue and taxation, regulation, and management and administration at the local, state, and federal levels.

Health Science: Planning, managing, and providing therapeutic services, diagnostic services, health informatics, support services, and biotechnology research and development.

Hospitality and Tourism: The management, marketing, and operations of restaurants and other food services, lodging, attractions, recreation events, and travel-related services.

Human Services: Preparing individuals for employment in career pathways that relate to families and human needs such as counseling and mental health services, family and community services, personal care, and consumer services.

Information Technology: Building linkages in IT occupations for entry level, technical and professional careers related to the design, development, support, and management of hardware, software, multimedia, and systems integration services.

Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security: Planning, managing, and providing legal, public safety, protective services, and homeland security, including professional and technical support services.

Manufacturing: Planning, managing, and performing the processing of materials into intermediate or fi nal products and related professional and technical support activities such as production planning and control, maintenance, and manufacturing and process engineering.

Marketing: Planning, managing, and performing marketing activities to reach organizational objectives.

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics: Planning, managing, and providing scientifi c research and professional and technical services (e.g., physical science, social science, engineering) including laboratory and testing services, and research and development services.

Transportation, Distribution and Logistics: Planning, management, and movement of people, materials, and goods by road, pipeline, air, rail, and water and related professional support services such as transportation infrastructure planning and management, logistics services, mobile equipment, and facility maintenance.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 3 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTERS EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS 2019-2029 NUMERIC CHANGE

-5,000 0 5,000 10,000

AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND NATURAL RESOURCES -2,689

ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION 3,123

ARTS, AUDIO/VIDEO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS -215

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION -254

EDUCATION AND TRAINING 1,577

FINANCE 1,539

GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 280

HEALTH SCIENCE 7,997

HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM 3,826

HUMAN SERVICES 1,422

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 815

LAW, PUBLIC SAFETY, CORRECTIONS AND SECURITY 430

MANUFACTURING 1,629

MARKETING 730

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS 403

TRANSPORTATION, DISTRIBUTION AND LOGISTICS 1,886

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 4 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTERS EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS 2019-2029 PERCENT CHANGE ND AVG 4.7%

-10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND NATURAL RESOURCES -6.0%

ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION 7.7%

ARTS, AUDIO/VIDEO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS -4.3%

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION -0.4%

EDUCATION AND TRAINING 5.6%

FINANCE 9.4%

GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 4.4%

HEALTH SCIENCE 16.1%

HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM 6.6%

HUMAN SERVICES 6.7%

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 11.3%

LAW, PUBLIC SAFETY, CORRECTIONS AND SECURITY 3.8%

MANUFACTURING 4.4%

MARKETING 1.7%

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS 9.2%

TRANSPORTATION, DISTRIBUTION AND LOGISTICS 3.9%

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 5 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTERS EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS 2019-2029 LABOR FORCE EXIT OPENINGS

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000

AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND NATURAL RESOURCES 21,342

ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION 12,410

ARTS, AUDIO/VIDEO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS 1,771

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 25,742

EDUCATION AND TRAINING 11,846

FINANCE 5,081

GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1,911

HEALTH SCIENCE 20,116

HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM 40,692

HUMAN SERVICES 11,628

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 1,299

LAW, PUBLIC SAFETY, CORRECTIONS AND SECURITY 4,335

MANUFACTURING 12,924

MARKETING 22,700

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS 886

TRANSPORTATION, DISTRIBUTION AND LOGISTICS 19,771

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 6 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTERS EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS 2019-2029 OCCUPATIONAL TRANSFER OPENINGS

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000

AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND NATURAL RESOURCES 24,978

ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION 26,102

ARTS, AUDIO/VIDEO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS 2,963

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 33,265

EDUCATION AND TRAINING 12,106

FINANCE 9,100

GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 2,798

HEALTH SCIENCE 19,658

HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM 49,262

HUMAN SERVICES 13,422

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 3,597

LAW, PUBLIC SAFETY, CORRECTIONS AND SECURITY 5,491

MANUFACTURING 22,521

MARKETING 31,143

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS 2,288

TRANSPORTATION, DISTRIBUTION AND LOGISTICS 31,250

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 7 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTERS EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS 2019-2029 OCCUPATIONAL SEPARATION OPENINGS

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000

AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND NATURAL RESOURCES 46,320

ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION 38,512

ARTS, AUDIO/VIDEO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS 4,734

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 59,007

EDUCATION AND TRAINING 23,952

FINANCE 14,181

Labor Force Exit Openings Occupational Transfer Openings GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 4,709

HEALTH SCIENCE 39,774

HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM 89,954

HUMAN SERVICES 25,050

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 4,896

LAW, PUBLIC SAFETY, CORRECTIONS AND SECURITY 9,826

MANUFACTURING 35,445

MARKETING 53,843

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS 3,174

TRANSPORTATION, DISTRIBUTION AND LOGISTICS 51,021

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 8 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTERS EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS 2019-2029 TOTAL OPENINGS

-30,000 0 30,000 60,000 90,000 120,000

AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND NATURAL RESOURCES 43,631

ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION 41,635

ARTS, AUDIO/VIDEO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS 4,519

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 58,753

EDUCATION AND TRAINING 25,529

FINANCE 15,720

Labor Force Exit Openings Occupational Transfer Openings GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 4,989 Numeric Change

HEALTH SCIENCE 47,771

HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM 93,780

HUMAN SERVICES 26,472

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 5,711

LAW, PUBLIC SAFETY, CORRECTIONS AND SECURITY 10,256

MANUFACTURING 37,074

MARKETING 54,573

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS 3,577

TRANSPORTATION, DISTRIBUTION AND LOGISTICS 52,907

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 9 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTERS AVERAGE 2019 WAGES

ND AVG $50,430

$0 $30,000 $60,000 $90,000

AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND NATURAL RESOURCES $52,630

ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION $58,010

ARTS, AUDIO/VIDEO TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS $49,310

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION $56,760

EDUCATION AND TRAINING $54,870

FINANCE $67,930

GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION $61,060

HEALTH SCIENCE $59,190

HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM $28,300

HUMAN SERVICES $40,530

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY $67,600

LAW, PUBLIC SAFETY, CORRECTIONS AND SECURITY $57,150

MANUFACTURING $50,110

MARKETING $42,890

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS $86,800

TRANSPORTATION, DISTRIBUTION AND LOGISTICS $46,950

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 10 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION OCCUPATIONAL SEPARATIONS

Projections of job growth provide valuable insight into future employment opportunities because each new job created is an opening for a worker entering an occupation. However, opportunities also arise when existing workers separate from their occupations. In most occupations, openings due to separations of existing workers provide many more opportunities than employment growth does. Occupational separation openings, when added to job growth, provide an estimate of future job opportunities.

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) calculates national occupational separation rates for each detail occupation. BLS projects occupational separations using two diff erent models, one for labor force exits and another for occupational transfers. Both models use a regression analysis of historical data to identify the characteristics of a worker, such as age and educational attainment, that make them likely to separate from their occupation. These patterns from historical data are then applied to the current distribution of employment for each occupation to project future separations. For a detailed methodology on occupational separations, please visit the BLS website (www.bls.gov/emp/documentation/separations-methods.htm).

Labor force exits are the projected number of workers leaving an occupation and exiting the labor force. Labor force exit rates, presented as annual averages over the projections period, are the percent of workers projected to leave an occupation and exit the labor force. Labor force exits are more common at older ages as workers retire, but can occur at any age. Labor force exits are not necessarily permanent exits from the labor force; for example, some workers exit the labor force to pursue additional education with the intention of returning to the labor force. They do represent permanent separations from an occupation. Occupational transfers are the projected number of workers leaving an occupation and transferring to a diff erent occupation. Occupational transfer rates, presented as annual averages over the projections period, are the percent of workers projected to leave an occupation and transfer to a diff erent occupation. Transfers represent permanent separations from an occupation, not temporary movements where the worker is expected to return to the same occupation in the future.

Some things to keep in mind when using occupational separations data:

• Occupational separation rates are not specifi c to North Dakota. National rates, supplied by BLS, are applied to state- specifi c occupation projections data.

• The separation of a worker reduces the number of people employed in an occupation. For growing occupations, the separation creates an opening for a new worker to enter the occupation. For declining occupations, not all workers who separate need to be replaced.

• Occupational separation rates are occupation specifi c, not job specifi c. Occupational separations do not count workers who change jobs but remain in the same occupation. In other words, if a waitress exits employment at a restaurant and gets hired as a waitress at a competing restaurant, she is not counted as an occupational separation.

• The separations method is designed to estimate the number of workers who leave their occupation and need to be replaced by new entrants into the occupation. It is not a measure of all movement in and out of occupations, but instead an estimate of workers who permanently leave an occupation.

• Occupational separation openings are not necessarily an indicator of training needs for an occupation. Prospective entrants may or may not need training depending on their prior work experience, education, and training. The number of entrants who need training depends on the characteristics and source of the supply of workers, and North Dakota does not produce projections of supply. As a result, occupational separation openings are not direct estimates of training needs for an occupation, as not all of the workers who will fi ll openings require training. Occupational separation openings, and projections in general, are not intended to be used as specifi c targets, such as the exact number of people who should go through a training program.

• For many occupations, the number of openings that arise from the need to replace workers who separate from an occupation is much larger than the number of openings that arise from growth in the occupation. Openings from separations are determined by the rate at which people leave an occupation, while openings from growth are determined by the rate at which new jobs are created.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 11 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION OCCUPATIONAL SEPARATIONS [cont’d]

The occupational separations method was fi rst used with the 2016-2026 projections. Before then, BLS used a cohort-component method for estimating job openings due to replacement needs. This method is no longer in use because BLS identifi ed statistical and conceptual issues with the implementation of this method that compromised the accuracy and validity of the resulting estimates. BLS began developing the separations method in 2011 and only adopted it after a lengthy development process, including considerable outreach to users. Due to this methodology change, data published prior to the 2016-2026 projections are not comparable.

The occupational separations method does a better job of capturing all the movements of workers out of an occupation that result in opportunities for new entrants. The old replacements method undercounted openings because it only accurately measured workers who follow the traditional concept of a career path– entering an occupation at a young age, working in the same occupation for many years, then retiring–which is not the case for many workers in most occupations. The new method measures more of the separations that are actually occurring and therefore yields higher values of projected separations and openings for occupations. The larger values for projected openings by occupation do not refl ect actual increases in opportunities for workers but rather a better estimate of the opportunities that were already occurring.

In summary, the major diff erences between the new occupational separations method and the old replacements method:

• The occupational separations method directly measures workers who leave an occupation, taking advantage of the longitudinal aspects of the monthly Current Population Survey (CPS) and supplements. The replacements method indirectly measured leavers by measuring employment change by age group.

• In addition to measuring total separations, the occupational separations method provides discrete estimates of labor force leavers and occupational transfers for each occupation. The replacements method provided just a single, total, measure for each occupation.

• The occupational separations method uses a regression to model projected separations, while the replacements method extrapolated from historical trends. The regression approach allows the occupational separations method to incorporate many diff erent demographic characteristics, where the replacements method only accounts for age.

• The occupational separations method better accounts for future growth or declines by incorporating the results of the projections of employment change for occupations. The replacements method assumed historical patterns of growth or decline of occupations would continue.

• The occupational separations method allows for estimates for occupations newly added to classifi cation systems, while the replacements method required 10 years of comparable historical data to create estimates for an occupation.

• The occupational separations method more accurately estimates replacement needs for small occupations, while the replacements method required proxies for many small occupations.

• The replacements method generated results for some occupations that varied considerably from year to year, due to survey error. The regression approach used in the occupational separations method reduces survey error resulting in more consistent results.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 12 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION INTERESTS

Interests are defi ned as preferences for work environments and outcomes. These national data are collected, disseminated, and published by the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) and are based on the six Holland interest areas. The top interest for each occupation is based on its highest occupational interest score. The six interest categories are defi ned below:

Realistic: Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.

Investigative: Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and fi guring out problems mentally.

Artistic: Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.

Social: Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.

Enterprising: Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk-taking and often deal with business.

Conventional: Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.

CORE TASKS

Tasks are functions performed by most workers in a specifi c occupation. There are two types of tasks: core and supplemental. Core tasks are central to the occupation and could be expected to be performed by a majority of workers. Supplemental tasks are not central to the occupation and are considered support tasks. This publication focuses on core tasks. These national data are collected, disseminated, and published by the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). The top core tasks for each occupation are based on their highest importance scores and must be greater than or equal to 3 on an O*NET scale of 1 to 5. There are more than 19,000 unique tasks.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 13 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION GENERALIZED WORK ACTIVITIES

Generalized activities are defi ned as job behaviors that are common across a large number of occupations and performed in almost all industries. These national data are collected, disseminated, and published by the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). The top generalized work activities for each occupation are based on their highest importance scores and must be greater than or equal to 3 on an O*NET scale of 1 to 5. The 41 generalized work activities are defi ned below:

Analyzing Data or Information: Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.

Assisting and Caring for Others: Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as co-workers, customers, or patients.

Coaching and Developing Others: Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge and/or skills.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization: Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates: Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Controlling Machines and Processes: Using control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).

Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others: Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.

Developing and Building Teams: Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.

Developing Objectives and Strategies: Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.

Documenting and Recording Information: Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic and magnetic form.

Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment: Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifi cations to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modifi ed, maintained, or used.

Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships: Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.

Estimating the Quantifi able Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information: Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.

Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards: Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.

Getting Information: Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates: Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.

Handling and Moving Objects: Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events: Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing diff erences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material: Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 14 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION GENERALIZED WORK ACTIVITIES [cont’d]

Interacting With Computers: Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others: Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.

Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People: Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems: Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings: Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Monitoring and Controlling Resources: Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.

Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment: Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or water craft.

Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work: Developing specifi c goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish work.

Performing Administrative Activities: Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information fi les and processing paperwork.

Performing for or Working Directly with the Public: Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.

Performing General Physical Activities: Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.

Processing Information: Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.

Provide Consultation and Advice to Others: Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.

Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment: Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fi ne-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.

Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment : Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Resolving Confl icts and Negotiating with Others: Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and confl icts, or otherwise negotiating with others.

Scheduling Work and Activities: Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.

Selling or Infl uencing Others: Convincing others to buy merchandise and/or goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.

Staffi ng Organizational Units: Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.

Thinking Creatively: Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.

Training and Teaching Others: Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.

Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge: Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to the job.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 15 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION WORK CONTEXT FACTORS

Work context is defi ned as physical and social factors that infl uence the nature of work. These national data are collected, disseminated, and published by the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). The top work context factors for each occupation are based on their highest importance scores and must be greater than or equal to 3 on an O*NET scale of 1 to 5. The 55 work context factors are defi ned below:

Consequence of Error: How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?

Contact With Others: How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?

Coordinate or Lead Others: How important is it to coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities in this job?

Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions: How often does this job require working in cramped work spaces that requires getting into awkward positions?

Deal With External Customers: How important is it to work with external customers or the public in this job?

Deal With Physically Aggressive People: How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?

Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People: How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?

Degree of Automation: How automated is the job?

Electronic Mail: How often do you use electronic mail in this job?

Exposed to Contaminants: How often does this job require working exposed to contaminants (such as pollutants, gases, dust or odors)?

Exposed to Disease or Infections: How often does this job require exposure to disease/infections?

Exposed to Hazardous Conditions: How often does this job require exposure to hazardous conditions?

Exposed to Hazardous Equipment: How often does this job require exposure to hazardous equipment?

Exposed to High Places: How often does this job require exposure to high places?

Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings: How often does this job require exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings?

Exposed to Radiation: How often does this job require exposure to radiation?

Exposed to Whole Body Vibration: How often does this job require exposure to whole body vibration (e.g., operate a jackhammer)?

Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting: How often does this job require working in extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?

Face-to-Face Discussions: How often do you have to have face-to-face discussions with individuals or teams in this job?

Freedom to Make Decisions: How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job off er?

Frequency of Confl ict Situations: How often are there confl ict situations the employee has to face in this job?

Frequency of Decision Making: How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that aff ect other people, the fi nancial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?

Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results: How do the decisions an employee makes impact the results of co-workers, clients or the company?

Importance of Being Exact or Accurate: How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 16 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION WORK CONTEXT FACTORS [cont’d]

Importance of Repeating Same Tasks: How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?

In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment: How often does this job require working in a closed vehicle or equipment (e.g., car)?

In an Open Vehicle or Equipment: How often does this job require working in an open vehicle or equipment (e.g., tractor)?

Indoors, Environmentally Controlled: How often does this job require working indoors in environmentally controlled conditions?

Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled: How often does this job require working indoors in non-controlled environmental conditions (e.g., warehouse without heat)?

Letters and Memos: How often does the job require written letters and memos?

Level of Competition: To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?

Outdoors, Exposed to Weather: How often does this job require working outdoors, exposed to all weather conditions?

Outdoors, Under Cover: How often does this job require working outdoors, under cover (e.g., structure with roof but no walls)?

Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment: How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)

Physical Proximity: To what extent does this job require the worker to perform job tasks in close physical proximity to other people?

Public Speaking: How often do you have to perform public speaking in this job?

Responsibility for Outcomes and Results: How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?

Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety: How much responsibility is there for the health and safety of others in this job?

Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable: How often does this job require working exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable?

Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body: How much does this job require bending or twisting your body?

Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaff olds, or Poles: How much does this job require climbing ladders, scaff olds, or poles?

Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance: How much does this job require keeping or regaining your balance?

Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling: How much does this job require kneeling, crouching, stooping or crawling?

Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions: How much does this job require making repetitive motions?

=Spend Time Sitting: How much does this job require sitting?

=Spend Time Standing: How much does this job require standing?

=Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls: How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?

=Spend Time Walking and Running: How much does this job require walking and running?

Structured versus Unstructured Work: To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?

Telephone: How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?

Time Pressure: How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 17 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION WORK CONTEXT FACTORS [cont’d]

Very Hot or Cold Temperatures: How often does this job require working in very hot (above 90 F degrees) or very cold (below 32 F degrees) temperatures?

Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets: How much does this job require wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hard hats or life jackets?

Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection: How much does this job require wearing specialized protective or safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, safety harness, full protection suits, or radiation protection?

Work With Work Group or Team: How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 18 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION SKILLS

Skills are defi ned as basic (capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge) or cross-functional (capacities that facilitate performance of activities that occur across jobs). These national data are collected, disseminated, and published by the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). The top skills for each occupation are based on their highest importance scores and must be greater than or equal to 3 on an O*NET scale of 1 to 5. The 35 skill categories are defi ned below:

Active Learning [basic]: Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Active Listening [basic]: Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Complex Problem Solving [cross-functional]: Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.

Coordination [cross-functional]: Adjusting actions in relation to others’ actions.

Critical Thinking [basic]: Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Equipment Maintenance [cross-functional]: Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.

Equipment Selection [cross-functional]: Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.

Installation [cross-functional]: Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifi cations.

Instructing [cross-functional]: Teaching others how to do something.

Judgment and Decision Making [cross-functional]: Considering the relative costs and benefi ts of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.

Learning Strategies [basic]: Selecting and using training and instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.

Management of Financial Resources [cross-functional]: Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.

Management of Material Resources [cross-functional]: Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.

Management of Personnel Resources [cross-functional]: Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.

Mathematics [basic]: Using mathematics to solve problems.

Monitoring [basic]: Monitoring and/or assessing the performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.

Negotiation [cross-functional]: Bringing others together and trying to reconcile diff erences.

Operation and Control [cross-functional]: Controlling operations of equipment or systems.

Operation Monitoring [cross-functional]: Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.

Operations Analysis [cross-functional]: Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.

Persuasion [cross-functional]: Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.

Programming [cross-functional]: Writing computer programs for various purposes.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 19 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION SKILLS [cont’d]

Quality Control Analysis [cross-functional]: Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.

Reading Comprehension [basic]: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Repairing [cross-functional]: Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

Science [basic]: Using scientifi c rules and methods to solve problems.

Service Orientation [cross-functional]: Actively looking for ways to help people.

Social Perceptiveness [cross-functional]: Being aware of others’ reactions and understanding why they react as they do.

Speaking [basic]: Talking to others to convey information eff ectively.

Systems Analysis [cross-functional]: Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will aff ect outcomes.

Systems Evaluation [cross-functional]: Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.

Technology Design [cross-functional]: Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.

Time Management [cross-functional]: Managing one’s own time and the time of others.

Troubleshooting [cross-functional]: Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about them.

Writing [basic]: Communicating eff ectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 20 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION ABILITIES

Abilities are defi ned as enduring attributes of the individual that infl uence performance. These national data are collected, disseminated, and published by the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). The top abilities for each occupation are based on their highest importance scores and must be greater than or equal to 3 on an O*NET scale of 1 to 5. The 52 ability categories are defi ned below:

Arm-Hand Steadiness: The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.

Auditory Attention: The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.

Category Flexibility: The ability to generate or use diff erent sets of rules for combining or grouping things in diff erent ways.

Control Precision: The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.

Deductive Reasoning: The ability to apply general rules to specifi c problems to produce answers that make sense.

Depth Perception: The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.

Dynamic Flexibility: The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.

Dynamic Strength: The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.

Explosive Strength: The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.

Extent Flexibility: The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.

Far Vision: The ability to see details at a distance.

Finger Dexterity: The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fi ngers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.

Flexibility of Closure: The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a fi gure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.

Fluency of Ideas: The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).

Glare Sensitivity: The ability to see objects in the presence of glare or bright lighting.

Gross Body Coordination: The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.

Gross Body Equilibrium: The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.

Hearing Sensitivity: The ability to detect or tell the diff erences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.

Inductive Reasoning: The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes fi nding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Information Ordering: The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specifi c rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Manual Dexterity: The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.

Mathematical Reasoning: The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.

Memorization: The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 21 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION ABILITIES [cont’d]

Multilimb Coordination: The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.

Near Vision: The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Night Vision: The ability to see under low light conditions.

Number Facility: The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.

Oral Comprehension: The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Oral Expression: The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Originality: The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.

Perceptual Speed: The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and diff erences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.

Peripheral Vision: The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one’s side when the eyes are looking ahead.

Problem Sensitivity: The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Rate Control: The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.

Reaction Time: The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, fi nger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.

Response Orientation: The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more diff erent signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.

Selective Attention: The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.

Sound Localization: The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

Spatial Orientation: The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.

Speech Clarity: The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Speech Recognition: The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Speed of Closure: The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.

Speed of Limb Movement: The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.

Stamina: The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.

Static Strength: The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.

Time Sharing: The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).

Trunk Strength: The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without ‘giving out’ or fatiguing.

Visual Color Discrimination: The ability to match or detect diff erences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 22 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION ABILITIES [cont’d]

Visualization: The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.

Wrist-Finger Speed: The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fi ngers, hands, and wrists.

Written Comprehension: The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Written Expression: The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 23 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION WORK STYLES

Work styles are defi ned as personal characteristics that can aff ect how well someone performs a job. These national data are collected, disseminated, and published by the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). The top work styles for each occupation are based on their highest importance scores and must be greater than or equal to 3 on an O*NET scale of 1 to 5. The 16 work style categories are defi ned below:

Achievement/Eff ort: Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting eff ort toward mastering tasks.

Adaptability/Flexibility: Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.

Analytical Thinking: Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.

Attention to Detail: Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.

Concern for Others: Job requires being sensitive to others’ needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.

Cooperation: Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.

Dependability: Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfi lling obligations.

Independence: Job requires developing one’s own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.

Initiative: Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.

Innovation: Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.

Integrity: Job requires being honest and ethical.

Leadership: Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and off er opinions and direction.

Persistence: Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.

Self Control: Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very diffi cult situations.

Social Orientation: Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.

Stress Tolerance: Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and eff ectively with high stress situations.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 24 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION KNOWLEDGE

Knowledge is defi ned as organized sets of principles and facts applying in general domains. These national data are collected, disseminated, and published by the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). The top knowledge areas for each occupation are based on their highest importance scores and must be greater than or equal to 3 on an O*NET scale of 1 to 5. The 33 knowledge categories are defi ned below:

Administration and Management: Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.

Biology: Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.

Building and Construction: Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.

Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.

Clerical: Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing fi les and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other offi ce procedures and terminology.

Communications and Media: Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.

Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Design: Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.

Economics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the fi nancial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of fi nancial data.

Education and Training: Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training eff ects.

Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.

English Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Fine Arts: Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.

Food Production: Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage and handling techniques.

Foreign Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.

Geography: Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.

History and Archeology: Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and eff ects on civilizations and cultures.

Law and Government: Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 25 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION KNOWLEDGE [cont’d]

Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

Mechanical: Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.

Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive healthcare measures.

Personnel and Human Resources: Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefi ts, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.

Philosophy and Theology: Knowledge of diff erent philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.

Physics: Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fl uid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.

Production and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the eff ective manufacture and distribution of goods.

Psychology: Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual diff erences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and aff ective disorders.

Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote eff ective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.

Sales and Marketing: Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.

Sociology and Anthropology: Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and infl uences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.

Telecommunications: Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.

Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.

Transportation: Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefi ts.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 26 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION EDUCATION AND TRAINING CLASSIFICATION

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) created the education and training classifi cation system which assigns education, work experience, and on-the-job training categories to hundreds of detailed occupations. This classifi cation system was fi rst used with the 2010-2020 projections and replaced an earlier system that was used up until 2008. The two systems are not comparable. This classifi cation system does not show the extent to which there are multiple paths of entry into an occupation. When an occupation has more than one path of entry, BLS identifi es the path that research suggests is applicable to most current entrants. For example, the typical entry path for registered nurses is a bachelor’s degree, with no work experience and no on-the-job training requirements. However, registered nurses can also obtain an associate’s degree in nursing or a diploma from an approved nursing program. BLS economists make each assignment based on their knowledge, judgment, and analysis of data and interviews with educators, employers, training experts, and experts in professional and trade associations. Assignments are reviewed every projections cycle and modifi ed or updated as necessary. Though the classifi cation assignments are based on national research and may or may not refl ect state-specifi c requirements for North Dakota, our review indicates a reasonable match for a vast majority of the occupations. The three assignments complement each other in that they represent a typical path of entry into an occupation, but they are not necessarily equal in importance for entry into the occupation.

TYPICAL ENTRY-LEVEL EDUCATION This category best describes the typical level of education that most workers need to enter an occupation. Occupations are assigned one of the education levels below:

• Doctoral or professional degree [DD]: Completion of a doctoral degree (Ph.D.) usually requires at least 3 years of full-time academic work beyond a bachelor’s degree. Completion of a professional degree usually requires at least 3 years of full-time academic study beyond a bachelor’s degree. Examples of occupations for which a doctoral or professional degree is the typical form of entry-level education include lawyers, physicists, and dentists.

• Master’s degree [MD]: Completion of this degree usually requires 1 or 2 years of full-time academic study beyond a bachelor’s degree. Examples of occupations in this category include statisticians, physician assistants, and educational, guidance, school, and vocational counselors.

• Bachelor’s degree [BD]: Completion of this degree generally requires at least 4 years, but not more than 5 years, of full- time academic study beyond high school. Examples of occupations in this category include budget analysts, dietitians and nutritionists, and civil engineers.

• Associate’s degree [AD]: Completion of this degree usually requires at least 2 years but not more than 4 years of full- time academic study beyond high school. Examples of occupations in this category include mechanical drafters, respiratory therapists, and dental hygienists.

• Postsecondary nondegree award [PA]: These programs lead to a certifi cate or other award, but not a degree. The certifi cate is awarded by the educational institution and is the result of completing formal postsecondary schooling. Certifi cation, issued by a professional organization or certifying body, is not included here. Some postsecondary nondegree award programs last only a few weeks, while others may last 1 to 2 years. Examples of occupations in this category include nursing assistants, emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics, and hairstylists.

• High school diploma or equivalent [HS]: This category signifi es the completion of high school or an equivalent program resulting in the award of a high school diploma or an equivalent, such as the General Education Development (GED) credential. Examples of occupations in this category include social and human service assistants, carpenters, and pharmacy technicians.

• No formal educational credential [NC]: This category signifi es that a formal credential issued by an educational institution, such as a high school diploma or postsecondary certifi cate, is not typically needed for entry into the occupation. Examples of occupations in this category include janitors and cleaners, cashiers, and agricultural equipment operators.

RELATED WORK EXPERIENCE For some occupations, work experience in a related occupation may be a typical method of entry. The majority of occupations in this category are fi rst-line supervisors of service, sales, and production occupations or managers of all occupations. Although work experience in a related occupation is benefi cial for all occupations, this metric captures

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 27 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION EDUCATION AND TRAINING CLASSIFICATION [cont’d]

work experience that is commonly considered necessary by employers, or is a commonly accepted substitute for other, more formal types of training or education. Occupations are assigned one of the categories below:

• 5 years or more [Y5]: This is assigned to occupations if 5 or more years of work experience in a related occupation is typically needed for entry. Examples include fi nancial managers and computer and information systems managers.

• Less than 5 years [Y1]: To enter occupations in this category, workers typically need less than 5 years of work experience in a related occupation. Examples include food service managers and information security analysts.

• None [NX]: No work experience in a related occupation is typically needed. Examples are audiologists and actuaries.

TYPICAL ON-THE-JOB TRAINING This category encompasses any additional training or preparation that is typically needed, once employed in an occupation, to attain competency in the skills needed in that occupation. Training is occupation-specifi c rather than job-specifi c; therefore, skills learned can be transferred to another job in the same occupation. Occupations are assigned one of the training categories below:

• Internship or residency [IR]: An internship or residency is a formal period of training during which individuals work under the supervision of experienced workers in a professional setting, such as a hospital. Internships and residencies occur after the completion of a formal postsecondary degree program and generally are required for state licensure or certifi cation in fi elds including medicine, counseling, and architecture. During an internship or residency, trainees may be restricted from independently performing all of the functions of the occupation. Examples of occupations in the internship or residency category include physicians and surgeons and marriage and family therapists. This category does not include internships that are suggested for advancement in one’s career, such as a marketing internship, or internships that take place as part of a formal degree program.

• Apprenticeship [AP]: An apprenticeship is a formal relationship between a worker and sponsor that consists of a combination of on-the-job training and related occupation-specifi c technical instruction in which the worker learns the practical and theoretical aspects of an occupation. Apprenticeship programs are sponsored by individual employers, joint employer-and- labor groups, and employer associations. The typical apprenticeship program provides at least 144 hours of occupation- specifi c technical instruction and 2,000 hours of on-the-job training per year, over a 3- to 5-year period. Examples of occupations in the apprenticeship category include electricians and structural iron and steel workers.

• Long-term, on-the-job training [LT]: More than 12 months of on-the-job training or, alternatively, combined work experience and formal classroom instruction, is needed for workers to develop the skills to attain competency. Training is occupation- specifi c rather than job-specifi c; therefore, skills learned can be transferred to another job in the same occupation. This category also includes employer-sponsored training programs. Such programs include those off ered by fi re academies and schools for air traffi c controllers. In other occupations—nuclear power reactor operators, for example—trainees take formal courses, often provided at the jobsite, to prepare for the required licensing exams. Also included in this category are occupations in which workers typically need to possess a natural ability or talent—including musicians and singers, athletes, dancers, photographers, and actors—and that ability or talent must be cultivated over several years, sometimes in a nonwork setting. This category excludes apprenticeships. Examples of occupations in the long-term category include opticians, dancers, and power plant operators.

• Moderate-term, on-the-job training [MT]: More than 1 month and up to 12 months of combined on-the-job experience and informal training is needed for workers to develop the skills needed to attain competency. Training is occupation-specifi c rather than job-specifi c; therefore, skills learned can be transferred to another job in the same occupation. This category also includes employer-sponsored training programs. Examples of occupations in the moderate-term category include transit and intercity bus drivers and advertising sales agents.

• Short-term, on-the-job training [ST]: The skills needed for a worker to attain competency in an occupation can be acquired during 1 month or less of on-the-job experience and informal training. Training is occupation-specifi c rather than job-specifi c; therefore, skills learned can be transferred to another job in the same occupation. This category also includes employer- sponsored training programs. Examples of occupations in the short-term category include retail salespersons and maids and housekeeping cleaners.

• None [NT]: There is no additional occupation-specifi c training or preparation typically required to attain competency in the occupation. Examples of occupations that do not require occupation-specifi c on-the-job training include geographers and pharmacists.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 28 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

11-9013 Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate the management or operation of farms, ranches, greenhouses, aquacultural operations, nurseries, timber tracts, or other agricultural establishments. May hire, train, and supervise farm workers or contract for services to carry out the day-to-day activities of the managed operation. May engage in or supervise planting, cultivating, harvesting, and financial and marketing activities. Excludes First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers (45-1011). Alternate Job Title(s): Animal Husbandry Manager; Dairy Farm Manager; Fish Hatchery Manager; Orchard Manager

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 23,145 21,409 -7.5 -1,736 14,404 6,636 19,304 N/A

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Collect and record growth, production, and environmental data. Manage nurseries that grow horticultural plants for sale to trade or retail customers, for display or exhibition, or for research. Direct and monitor trapping and spawning of fish, egg incubation, and fry rearing, applying knowledge of management and fish culturing techniques. Direct and monitor the transfer of mature fish to lakes, ponds, streams, or commercial tanks. Determine how to allocate resources and to respond to unanticipated problems, such as insect infestation, drought, and fire.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Dependability Administration and Management Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Production and Processing Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Initiative Biology Judgment and Decision Making Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Mathematics Time Management Inductive Reasoning Leadership English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 29 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

11-9121 Natural Sciences Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, statistics, and research and development in these fields. Excludes Computer and Information Systems Managers (11-3021) and Architecture and Engineering Managers (11-9041). Alternate Job Title(s): Agricultural Research Director; Geophysical Manager; Ocean Program Administrator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 143 152 6.39 22 71 102 $119,230

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Confer with scientists, engineers, regulators, or others to plan or review projects or to provide technical assistance. Develop client relationships and communicate with clients to explain proposals, present research findings, establish specifications, or discuss project status. Plan or direct research, development, or production activities. Review project activities and prepare and review research, testing, or operational reports. Determine scientific or technical goals within broad outlines provided by top management and make detailed plans to accomplish these goals.

Top Generalized Work Activities Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge Communicating with Persons Outside Organization Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Writing Oral Expression Integrity Administration and Management Reading Comprehension Inductive Reasoning Dependability English Language Speaking Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Written Expression Analytical Thinking Mathematics Active Listening Written Comprehension Independence Biology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 30 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

17-2081 Environmental Engineers

Occupation Description: Research, design, plan, or perform engineering duties in the prevention, control, and remediation of environmental hazards using various engineering disciplines. Work may include waste treatment, site remediation, or pollution control technology. Alternate Job Title(s): Environmental Remediation Engineer; Pollution Control Engineer; Soil Engineer; Water Treatment Plant Engineer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 157 163 3.86 38 63 107 $79,200

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Provide technical support for environmental remediation or litigation projects, including remediation system design or determination of regulatory applicability. Collaborate with environmental scientists, planners, hazardous waste technicians, engineers, experts in law or business, or other specialists to address environmental problems. Assess the existing or potential environmental impact of land use projects on air, water, or land. Advise corporations or government agencies of procedures to follow in cleaning up contaminated sites to protect people and the environment. Inspect industrial or municipal facilities or programs to evaluate operational effectiveness or ensure compliance with environmental regulations.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards Analyzing Data or Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Integrity Engineering and Technology Writing Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Mathematics Reading Comprehension Inductive Reasoning Cooperation Chemistry Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Complex Problem Solving Oral Expression Analytical Thinking Design

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 31 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

19-1013 Soil and Plant Scientists

Occupation Description: Conduct research in breeding, physiology, production, yield, and management of crops and agricultural plants or trees, shrubs, and nursery stock, their growth in soils, and control of pests; or study the chemical, physical, biological, and mineralogical composition of soils as they relate to plant or crop growth. May classify and map soils and investigate effects of alternative practices on soil and crop productivity. Alternate Job Title(s): Arboreal Scientist; Horticulturist; Plant Physiologist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 386 412 6.726 58 319 403 $78,080

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Communicate research or project results to other professionals or the public or teach related courses, seminars, or workshops. Conduct experiments to develop new or improved varieties of field crops, focusing on characteristics such as yield, quality, disease resistance, nutritional value, or adaptation to specific soils or climates. Develop new or improved methods or products for controlling or eliminating weeds, crop diseases, or insect pests. Provide information or recommendations to farmers or other landowners regarding ways in which they can best use land, promote plant growth, or avoid or correct problems such as erosion. Develop environmentally safe methods or products for controlling or eliminating weeds, crop diseases, or pests.

Top Generalized Work Activities Analyzing Data or Information Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge Processing Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Science Oral Comprehension Integrity Biology Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Speaking Category Flexibility Dependability Mathematics Critical Thinking Written Expression Achievement/Effort Education and Training Complex Problem Solving Deductive Reasoning Initiative Chemistry

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 32 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

19-1023 Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists

Occupation Description: Study the origins, behavior, diseases, genetics, and life processes of animals and wildlife. May specialize in wildlife research and management. May collect and analyze biological data to determine the environmental effects of present and potential use of land and water habitats. Alternate Job Title(s): Herpetologist; Ichthyologist; Marine Biologist; Ornithologist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 119 118 -0.8 -1 18 75 92 $70,160

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Make recommendations on management systems and planning for wildlife populations and habitat, consulting with stakeholders and the public at large to explore options. Inventory or estimate plant and wildlife populations. Disseminate information by writing reports and scientific papers or journal articles, and by making presentations and giving talks for schools, clubs, interest groups and park interpretive programs. Check for, and ensure compliance with, environmental laws, and notify law enforcement when violations are identified. Study animals in their natural habitats, assessing effects of environment and industry on animals, interpreting findings and recommending alternative operating conditions for industry.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Interacting With Computers Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Cooperation Biology Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Integrity English Language Critical Thinking Written Expression Attention to Detail Law and Government Science Oral Expression Initiative Mathematics Writing Deductive Reasoning Independence Geography

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 33 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

19-4010 Agricultural and Food Science Technicians

Occupation Description: Work with agricultural and food scientists in food, fiber, and animal research, production, and processing; and assist with animal breeding and nutrition. Conduct tests and experiments to improve yield and quality of crops or to increase the resistance of plants and animals to disease or insects. Includes technicians who assist food scientists or technologists in the research and development of production technology, quality control, packaging, processing, and use of foods. Alternate Job Title(s): N/A

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 107 107 0.00 26 89 115 $47,890

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Record data pertaining to experimentation, research, or animal care. Measure or weigh ingredients used in laboratory testing. Prepare data summaries, reports, or analyses that include results, charts, or graphs to document research findings and results. Set up laboratory or field equipment as required for site testing. Prepare laboratory samples for analysis, following proper protocols to ensure that they will be stored, prepared, and disposed of efficiently and effectively.

Top Generalized Work Activities Documenting/Recording Information Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Contact With Others [Contact with others most of the time]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Mathematics Critical Thinking Near Vision Integrity Biology Complex Problem Solving Oral Comprehension Dependability Chemistry Writing Oral Expression Analytical Thinking Administration and Management Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Achievement/Effort English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 34 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

19-4021 Biological Technicians

Occupation Description: Assist biological and medical scientists. Set up, operate, and maintain laboratory instruments and equipment, monitor experiments, collect data and samples, make observations, and calculate and record results. May analyze organic substances, such as blood, food, and drugs. Alternate Job Title(s): Bacteriology Technician; Marine Fisheries Technician; Wildlife Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 271 284 4.813 53 225 291 $38,600

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Conduct research or assist in the conduct of research, including the collection of information and samples, such as blood, water, soil, plants and animals. Use computers, computer-interfaced equipment, robotics or high-technology industrial applications to perform work duties. Monitor and observe experiments, recording production and test data for evaluation by research personnel. Analyze experimental data and interpret results to write reports and summaries of findings. Provide technical support and services for scientists and engineers working in fields such as agriculture, environmental science, resource management, biology, and health sciences.

Top Generalized Work Activities Documenting/Recording Information Processing Information Analyzing Data or Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Very important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Near Vision Attention to Detail Biology Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Active Listening Inductive Reasoning Integrity Mathematics Science Oral Expression Independence Computers and Electronics Active Learning Information Ordering Cooperation Chemistry

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 35 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

19-4042 Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health

Occupation Description: Perform laboratory and field tests to monitor the environment and investigate sources of pollution, including those that affect health, under the direction of an environmental scientist, engineer, or other specialist. May collect samples of gases, soil, water, and other materials for testing. Alternate Job Title(s): Certified Indoor Environmentalist; Environmental Science Technician; Infectious Waste Technician; Pollution Control Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 154 172 11.718 47 132 197 $54,720

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 9.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Discuss test results and analyses with customers. Record test data and prepare reports, summaries, or charts that interpret test results. Develop or implement programs for monitoring of environmental pollution or radiation. Investigate hazardous conditions or spills or outbreaks of disease or food poisoning, collecting samples for analysis. Calibrate microscopes or test instruments.

Top Generalized Work Activities Documenting/Recording Information Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Written Comprehension Integrity English Language Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Dependability Biology Critical Thinking Oral Expression Attention to Detail Law and Government Speaking Problem Sensitivity Analytical Thinking Mathematics Science Written Expression Initiative Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 36 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

19-4071 Forest and Conservation Technicians

Occupation Description: Provide technical assistance regarding the conservation of soil, water, forests, or related natural resources. May compile data pertaining to size, content, condition, and other characteristics of forest tracts under the direction of foresters, or train and lead forest workers in forest propagation and fire prevention and suppression. May assist conservation scientists in managing, improving, and protecting rangelands and wildlife habitats. Excludes Conservation Scientists (19-1031) and Foresters (19-1032). Alternate Job Title(s): Forestry Aide; Soil Conservation Technician; Timber Management Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 113 117 3.54 33 93 130 $46,010

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 96.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Thin and space trees and control weeds and undergrowth, using manual tools and chemicals, or supervise workers performing these tasks. Train and lead forest and conservation workers in seasonal activities, such as planting tree seedlings, putting out forest fires, and maintaining recreational facilities. Provide information about, and enforce, regulations, such as those concerning environmental protection, resource utilization, fire safety, and accident prevention. Patrol park or forest areas to protect resources and prevent damage. Map forest tract data using digital mapping systems.

Top Generalized Work Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Making Decisions and Solving Problems Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Integrity Public Safety and Security Critical Thinking Information Ordering Adaptability/Flexibility English Language Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Time Management Oral Expression Cooperation Law and Government Speaking Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Geography

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 37 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

37-2021 Pest Control Workers

Occupation Description: Apply or release chemical solutions or toxic gases and set traps to kill or remove pests and vermin that infest buildings and surrounding areas. Alternate Job Title(s): Exterminator; Fumigator; Rodent Exterminator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 82 98 19.516 27 85 128 $36,290

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 87.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Record work activities performed. Inspect premises to identify infestation source and extent of damage to property, wall, or roof porosity and access to infested locations. Recommend treatment and prevention methods for pest problems to clients. Spray or dust chemical solutions, powders, or gases into rooms, onto clothing, furnishings, or wood, or over marshlands, ditches, or catch basins. Clean work site after completion of job.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Near Vision Integrity Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Expression Dependability Public Safety and Security Writing Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Speaking Speech Clarity Independence Monitoring Written Expression Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 38 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

37-3012 Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation

Occupation Description: Mix or apply pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, or insecticides through sprays, dusts, vapors, soil incorporation, or chemical application on trees, shrubs, lawns, or crops. Usually requires specific training and state or federal certification. Crop dusters are included in Commercial Pilots (53-2012). Alternate Job Title(s): Fruit Sprayer; Weed Sprayer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 682 754 10.672 305 541 918 $47,270

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Mix pesticides, herbicides, or fungicides for application to trees, shrubs, lawns, or botanical crops. Fill sprayer tanks with water and chemicals, according to formulas. Lift, push, and swing nozzles, hoses, and tubes to direct spray over designated areas. Identify lawn or plant diseases to determine the appropriate course of treatment. Cover areas to specified depths with pesticides, applying knowledge of weather conditions, droplet sizes, elevation-to-distance ratios, and obstructions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Near Vision Dependability Customer and Personal Service Speaking Arm-Hand Steadiness Attention to Detail Biology Critical Thinking Control Precision Independence Production and Processing Time Management Oral Comprehension Cooperation English Language Social Perceptiveness Speech Recognition Integrity Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 39 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

37-3013 Tree Trimmers and Pruners

Occupation Description: Using sophisticated climbing and rigging techniques, cut away dead or excess branches from trees or shrubs to maintain right-of-way for roads, sidewalks, or utilities, or to improve appearance, health, and value of tree. Prune or treat trees or shrubs using handsaws, hand pruners, clippers, and power pruners. Works off the ground in the tree canopy and may use truck-mounted lifts. Excludes workers who primarily perform duties of Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (37-3011) and Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation (37-3012). Alternate Job Title(s): Tree Specialist; Tree Surgeon; Utility Arborist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 232 275 18.543 108 191 342 $43,020

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 87.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Operate shredding and chipping equipment, and feed limbs and brush into the machines. Operate boom trucks, loaders, stump chippers, brush chippers, tractors, power saws, trucks, sprayers, and other equipment and tools. Cut away dead and excess branches from trees, or clear branches around power lines, using climbing equipment or buckets of extended truck booms, or chainsaws, hooks, handsaws, shears, and clippers. Clean, sharpen, and lubricate tools and equipment. Hoist tools and equipment to tree trimmers, and lower branches with ropes or block and tackle.

Top Generalized Work Activities Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Performing General Physical Activities

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Control Precision Cooperation Customer and Personal Service Operation Monitoring Multilimb Coordination Attention to Detail Mechanical Critical Thinking Reaction Time Concern for Others Complex Problem Solving Manual Dexterity Dependability Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 40 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

39-2021 Animal Caretakers

Occupation Description: Feed, water, groom, bathe, exercise, or otherwise provide care to promote and maintain the well-being of pets and other animals that are not raised for consumption, such as dogs, cats, race horses, ornamental fish or birds, zoo animals, and mice. Work in settings such as kennels, animal shelters, zoos, circuses, and aquariums. May keep records of feedings, treatments, and animals received or discharged. May clean, disinfect, and repair cages, pens, or fish tanks. Excludes Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers (31-9096) and Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals (45-2093). Alternate Job Title(s): Animal Shelter Worker; Dog Groomer; Kennel Worker; Zookeeper

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 787 974 23.8 187 588 673 1,448 $25,710

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 87.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration). Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Other Services (except Public Administration). The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 30% and 39%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Feed and water animals according to schedules and feeding instructions. Provide treatment to sick or injured animals, or contact veterinarians to secure treatment. Examine and observe animals to detect signs of illness, disease, or injury. Mix food, liquid formulas, medications, or food supplements according to instructions, prescriptions, and knowledge of animal species. Do facility laundry and clean, organize, maintain, and disinfect animal quarters, such as pens and stables, and equipment, such as saddles and bridles.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Performing General Physical Activities

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Judgment and Decision Making Information Ordering Dependability Clerical Service Orientation Near Vision Self Control English Language Active Listening Static Strength Attention to Detail Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 41 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

45-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers

Occupation Description: Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of agricultural, forestry, aquacultural, and related workers. Excludes First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers (37-1012). Alternate Job Title(s): Corral Boss; Cranberry Bog Supervisor; Fish Hatchery Supervisor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 169 172 1.83 60 164 227 $59,580

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Assign tasks such as feeding and treatment of animals, and cleaning and maintenance of animal quarters. Record the numbers and types of fish or shellfish reared, harvested, released, sold, and shipped. Monitor workers to ensure that safety regulations are followed, warning or disciplining those who violate safety regulations. Observe animals for signs of illness, injury, or unusual behavior, notifying veterinarians or managers as warranted. Observe fish and beds or ponds to detect diseases, monitor fish growth, determine quality of fish, or determine completeness of harvesting.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [Some freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Dependability Administration and Management Judgment and Decision Making Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Production and Processing Monitoring Oral Comprehension Integrity Mechanical Speaking Deductive Reasoning Leadership Education and Training Management of Personnel Resources Inductive Reasoning Cooperation English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 42 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

45-2041 Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products

Occupation Description: Grade, sort, or classify unprocessed food and other agricultural products by size, weight, color, or condition. Excludes Agricultural Inspectors (45-2011). Alternate Job Title(s): Cotton Grader; Egg Grader; Fruit Sorter; Meat Grader

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 274 288 5.114 105 263 382 $36,460

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 96.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Place products in containers according to grade and mark grades on containers. Weigh products or estimate their weight, visually or by feel. Discard inferior or defective products or foreign matter, and place acceptable products in containers for further processing. Grade and sort products according to factors such as color, species, length, width, appearance, feel, smell, and quality to ensure correct processing and usage.

Top Generalized Work Activities Handling and Moving Objects Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [More than half the time]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge [information not available] Near Vision Dependability Production and Processing Manual Dexterity Attention to Detail English Language Category Flexibility Cooperation Finger Dexterity Self Control Oral Comprehension Initiative

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 43 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

45-2091 Agricultural Equipment Operators

Occupation Description: Drive and control equipment to support agricultural activities such as tilling soil; planting, cultivating, and harvesting crops; feeding and herding livestock; or removing animal waste. May perform tasks such as crop baling or hay bucking. May operate stationary equipment to perform post-harvest tasks such as husking, shelling, threshing, and ginning. Alternate Job Title(s): Combine Operator; Feed Mixer Operator; Hay Baler; Tractor Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 466 487 4.521 194 496 711 $42,920

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Load and unload crops or containers of materials, manually or using conveyors, handtrucks, forklifts, or transfer augers. Mix specified materials or chemicals, and dump solutions, powders, or seeds into planter or sprayer machinery. Spray fertilizer or pesticide solutions to control insects, fungus and weed growth, and diseases, using hand sprayers. Observe and listen to machinery operation to detect equipment malfunctions. Manipulate controls to set, activate, and adjust mechanisms on machinery.

Top Generalized Work Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Once a week or more but not every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day] In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Control Precision Persistence English Language Operation Monitoring Multilimb Coordination Dependability Troubleshooting Near Vision Cooperation Quality Control Analysis Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Equipment Maintenance Depth Perception Independence

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 44 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

45-2092 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse

Occupation Description: Manually plant, cultivate, and harvest vegetables, fruits, nuts, horticultural specialties, and field crops. Use hand tools, such as shovels, trowels, hoes, tampers, pruning hooks, shears, and knives. Duties may include tilling soil and applying fertilizers; transplanting, weeding, thinning, or pruning crops; applying pesticides; or cleaning, grading, sorting, packing, and loading harvested products. May construct trellises, repair fences and farm buildings, or participate in irrigation activities. Excludes Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation (37-3012), Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products (45-2041), and Forest, Conservation, and Logging Workers (45-4011 through 45-4029). Alternate Job Title(s): Greenhouse Transplanter; Pecan Gatherer; Pepper Picker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 3,416 3,240 -5.2 -176 1,356 3,465 4,645 $31,750

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Harvest plants, and transplant or pot and label them. Set up and operate irrigation equipment. Operate tractors, tractor-drawn machinery, and self-propelled machinery to plow, harrow and fertilize soil, or to plant, cultivate, spray and harvest crops. Repair and maintain farm vehicles, implements, and mechanical equipment. Harvest fruits and vegetables by hand.

Top Generalized Work Activities Handling and Moving Objects Performing General Physical Activities Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [More than half the time] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Static Strength Dependability [information not available] Operation and Control Multilimb Coordination Attention to Detail Active Listening Trunk Strength Cooperation Speaking Manual Dexterity Integrity Critical Thinking Arm-Hand Steadiness Adaptability/Flexibility

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 45 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

45-2093 Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals

Occupation Description: Attend to live farm, ranch, open range or aquacultural animals that may include cattle, sheep, swine, goats, horses and other equines, poultry, rabbits, finfish, shellfish, and bees. Attend to animals produced for animal products, such as meat, fur, skins, feathers, eggs, milk, and honey. Duties may include feeding, watering, herding, grazing, milking, castrating, branding, de-beaking, weighing, catching, and loading animals. May maintain records on animals; examine animals to detect diseases and injuries; assist in birth deliveries; and administer medications, vaccinations, or insecticides as appropriate. May clean and maintain animal housing areas. Includes workers who shear wool from sheep and collect eggs in hatcheries. Alternate Job Title(s): Cattle Brander; Sheep Shearer; Shrimp Pond Laborer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 841 798 -5.1 -43 334 853 1,144 $28,500

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Feed and water livestock and monitor food and water supplies. Herd livestock to pastures for grazing or to scales, trucks, or other enclosures. Examine animals to detect illness, injury, or disease, and to check physical characteristics, such as rate of weight gain. Provide medical treatment, such as administering medications and vaccinations, or arrange for veterinarians to provide more extensive treatment. Mark livestock to identify ownership and grade, using brands, tags, paint, or tattoos.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing General Physical Activities Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Exposed to Contaminants [Once a week or more but not every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day] Spend Time Standing [More than half the time]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Dependability Production and Processing Monitoring Control Precision Independence Biology Judgment and Decision Making Arm-Hand Steadiness Attention to Detail Administration and Management Operation and Control Deductive Reasoning Adaptability/Flexibility English Language Operation Monitoring Oral Comprehension Integrity Mechanical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 46 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

45-3031 Fishing and Hunting Workers

Occupation Description: Hunt, trap, catch, or gather wild animals or aquatic animals and plants. May use nets, traps, or other equipment. May haul catch onto ship or other vessel. Aquacultural laborers who work on fish farms are included in Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals (45-2093). Alternate Job Title(s): Bird Trapper; Deer Hunter; Predatory Animal Trapper; Seaweed Harvester; Wild Oyster Harvester

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 378 331 -12.4 -47 143 348 444 N/A

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally greater than 75%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Patrol trap lines or nets to inspect settings, remove catch, and reset or relocate traps. Obtain permission from landowners to hunt or trap on their land. Travel on foot, by vehicle, or by equipment such as boats, snowmobiles, helicopters, snowshoes, or skis to reach hunting areas. Steer vessels and operate navigational instruments. Skin quarry, using knives, and stretch pelts on frames to be cured.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing General Physical Activities Handling and Moving Objects Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [More than half the time]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Arm-Hand Steadiness Dependability Law and Government Operation and Control Multilimb Coordination Initiative Mechanical Manual Dexterity Attention to Detail Static Strength Independence Extent Flexibility Integrity

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 47 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

47-5011 Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas

Occupation Description: Rig derrick equipment and operate pumps to circulate mud or fluid through drill hole. Alternate Job Title(s): Fracturing Derrick Operator; Rotary Derrick Operator; Well Service Derrick Worker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 770 657 -14.7 -113 189 672 748 $53,320

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Inspect derricks, or order their inspection, prior to being raised or lowered. Inspect derricks for flaws, and clean and oil derricks to maintain proper working conditions. Control the viscosity and weight of the drilling fluid. Repair pumps, mud tanks, and related equipment. Set and bolt crown blocks to posts at tops of derricks.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Exposed to Contaminants [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Multilimb Coordination Dependability Mechanical Operation and Control Control Precision Cooperation Mathematics Critical Thinking Manual Dexterity Stress Tolerance English Language Repairing Reaction Time Concern for Others Education and Training Speaking Arm-Hand Steadiness Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 48 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

47-5012 Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas

Occupation Description: Set up or operate a variety of drills to remove underground oil and gas, or remove core samples for testing during oil and gas exploration. Excludes Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas (47-5023). Alternate Job Title(s): Fracturing Rotary Drill Operator; Oil Well Cable Tool Operator; Oil Well Driller

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 869 757 -12.9 -112 215 766 869 $60,140

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Train crews, and introduce procedures to make drill work more safe and effective. Observe pressure gauge and move throttles and levers to control the speed of rotary tables, and to regulate pressure of tools at bottoms of boreholes. Count sections of drill rod to determine depths of boreholes. Push levers and brake pedals to control gasoline, diesel, electric, or steam draw works that lower and raise drill pipes and casings in and out of wells. Connect sections of drill pipe, using hand tools and powered wrenches and tongs.

Top Generalized Work Activities Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Controlling Machines and Processes Handling and Moving Objects

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Problem Sensitivity Dependability Mechanical Operation Monitoring Control Precision Attention to Detail Mathematics Critical Thinking Near Vision Leadership Administration and Management Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Cooperation Education and Training Active Listening Manual Dexterity Initiative Personnel and Human Resources

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 49 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

47-5013 Service Unit Operators, Oil and Gas

Occupation Description: Operate equipment to increase oil flow from producing wells or to remove stuck pipe, casing, tools, or other obstructions from drilling wells. Includes fishing-tool technicians. Alternate Job Title(s): Well Servicing Rig Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 3,073 2,861 -6.9 -212 784 2,796 3,368 $57,990

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Maintain and perform safety inspections on equipment and tools. Operate controls that raise derricks or level rigs. Listen to engines, rotary chains, or other equipment to detect faulty operations or unusual well conditions. Prepare reports of services rendered, tools used, or time required, for billing purposes. Install pressure-control devices onto wellheads.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Frequency of Decision Making [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Control Precision Dependability Mechanical Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Initiative Mathematics Operation and Control Arm-Hand Steadiness Leadership Customer and Personal Service Monitoring Multilimb Coordination Attention to Detail Engineering and Technology Active Listening Near Vision Persistence Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 50 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

47-5022 Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators, Surface Mining

Occupation Description: Operate or tend machinery at surface mining site, equipped with scoops, shovels, or buckets to excavate and load loose materials. Alternate Job Title(s): Mining Bulldozer Operator; Mining Shovel Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 329 295 -10.3 -34 115 213 294 $60,160

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Move levers, depress foot pedals, and turn dials to operate power machinery, such as power shovels, stripping shovels, scraper loaders, or backhoes. Set up or inspect equipment prior to operation. Become familiar with digging plans, machine capabilities and limitations, and with efficient and safe digging procedures in a given application. Observe hand signals, grade stakes, or other markings when operating machines so that work can be performed to specifications. Operate machinery to perform activities such as backfilling excavations, vibrating or breaking rock or concrete, or making winter roads.

Top Generalized Work Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Controlling Machines and Processes Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Multilimb Coordination Dependability Mechanical Operation Monitoring Control Precision Attention to Detail Building and Construction Monitoring Depth Perception Stress Tolerance Time Management Reaction Time Integrity Equipment Selection Manual Dexterity Adaptability/Flexibility

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 51 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

47-5071 Roustabouts, Oil and Gas

Occupation Description: Assemble or repair oil field equipment using hand and power tools. Perform other tasks as needed. Alternate Job Title(s): Gas Floorhand; Oil Field Roustabout; Oil Rig Roughneck

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 4,554 3,978 -12.6 -576 1,142 3,600 4,166 $52,600

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Keep pipe deck and main deck areas clean and tidy. Unscrew or tighten pipes, casing, tubing, and pump rods, using hand and power wrenches and tongs. Walk flow lines to locate leaks, using electronic detectors and by making visual inspections, and repair the leaks. Move pipes to and from trucks, using truck winches and motorized lifts, or by hand. Bolt together pump and engine parts.

Top Generalized Work Activities Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Handling and Moving Objects Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Manual Dexterity Dependability Public Safety and Security Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Mechanical Operation Monitoring Multilimb Coordination Integrity Troubleshooting Near Vision Cooperation Quality Control Analysis Control Precision Concern for Others

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 52 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

49-3041 Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians

Occupation Description: Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul farm machinery and vehicles, such as tractors, harvesters, dairy equipment, and irrigation systems. Excludes Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists (49-3031). Alternate Job Title(s): Combine Mechanic; Dairy Equipment Repairer; Irrigation Equipment Mechanic

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 723 781 8.058 233 432 723 $49,200

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Wholesale Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Maintain, repair, and overhaul farm machinery and vehicles, such as tractors, harvesters, and irrigation systems. Dismantle defective machines for repair, using hand tools. Record details of repairs made and parts used. Reassemble machines and equipment following repair, testing operation and making adjustments, as necessary. Clean and lubricate parts.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Equipment Maintenance Multilimb Coordination Dependability Mechanical Repairing Manual Dexterity Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Troubleshooting Control Precision Self Control Computers and Electronics Operation and Control Finger Dexterity Integrity English Language Operation Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Persistence Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 53 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

51-8031 Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators

Occupation Description: Operate or control an entire process or system of machines, often through the use of control boards, to transfer or treat water or wastewater. Alternate Job Title(s): Liquid Waste Treatment Plant Operator; Sewage Plant Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 572 557 -2.6 -15 163 282 430 $41,290

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Add chemicals, such as ammonia, chlorine, or lime, to disinfect and deodorize water and other liquids. Collect and test water and sewage samples, using test equipment and color analysis standards. Record operational data, personnel attendance, or meter and gauge readings on specified forms. Operate and adjust controls on equipment to purify and clarify water, process or dispose of sewage, and generate power. Inspect equipment or monitor operating conditions, meters, and gauges to determine load requirements and detect malfunctions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards Controlling Machines and Processes Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Oral Expression Integrity Chemistry Operation and Control Oral Comprehension Dependability Biology Monitoring Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Mechanical Active Listening Near Vision Independence Mathematics Quality Control Analysis Deductive Reasoning Initiative Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 54 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

53-7081 Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors

Occupation Description: Collect and dump refuse or recyclable materials from containers into truck. May drive truck. Alternate Job Title(s): Garbage Collector; Recyclable Materials Collector; Trash Collector

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 453 499 10.246 228 354 628 $42,870

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Operate automated or semi-automated hoisting devices that raise refuse bins and dump contents into openings in truck bodies. Inspect trucks prior to beginning routes to ensure safe operating condition. Drive trucks, following established routes, through residential streets or alleys or through business or industrial areas. Operate equipment that compresses collected refuse. Dump refuse or recyclable materials at disposal sites.

Top Generalized Work Activities Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Controlling Machines and Processes

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Multilimb Coordination Dependability Customer and Personal Service Equipment Maintenance Near Vision Self Control Transportation Operation Monitoring Oral Comprehension Stress Tolerance Public Safety and Security Coordination Oral Expression Integrity Mechanical Critical Thinking Reaction Time Independence

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 55 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

11-9021 Construction Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate, usually through subordinate supervisory personnel, activities concerned with the construction and maintenance of structures, facilities, and systems. Participate in the conceptual development of a construction project and oversee its organization, scheduling, budgeting, and implementation. Includes managers in specialized construction fields, such as carpentry or plumbing. Alternate Job Title(s): Construction Coordinator; Construction Superintendent; General Contractor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,445 1,644 13.8199 314 639 1,152 $106,090

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 17.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 82.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Plan, schedule, or coordinate construction project activities to meet deadlines. Prepare and submit budget estimates, progress reports, or cost tracking reports. Interpret and explain plans and contract terms to representatives of the owner or developer, including administrative staff, workers, or clients. Direct and supervise construction or related workers. Confer with supervisory personnel, owners, contractors, or design professionals to discuss and resolve matters, such as work procedures, complaints, or construction problems.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Scheduling Work and Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Coordination Information Ordering Integrity Building and Construction Management of Personnel Resources Problem Sensitivity Dependability Administration and Management Monitoring Visualization Attention to Detail Engineering and Technology Active Listening Deductive Reasoning Leadership English Language Time Management Inductive Reasoning Initiative Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 56 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

13-1051 Cost Estimators

Occupation Description: Prepare cost estimates for product manufacturing, construction projects, or services to aid management in bidding on or determining price of product or service. May specialize according to particular service performed or type of product manufactured. Alternate Job Title(s): Construction Job Cost Estimator; Crating and Moving Estimator; Production Cost Estimator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 726 758 4.432 208 412 652 $69,730

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Collect historical cost data to estimate costs for current or future products. Consult with clients, vendors, personnel in other departments, or construction foremen to discuss and formulate estimates and resolve issues. Prepare estimates used by management for purposes such as planning, organizing, and scheduling work. Analyze blueprints and other documentation to prepare time, cost, materials, and labor estimates. Confer with engineers, architects, owners, contractors, and subcontractors on changes and adjustments to cost estimates.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Analyzing Data or Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Mathematics Oral Expression Attention to Detail Mathematics Reading Comprehension Mathematical Reasoning Analytical Thinking Engineering and Technology Critical Thinking Number Facility Integrity English Language Judgment and Decision Making Oral Comprehension Dependability Building and Construction Active Listening Inductive Reasoning Persistence Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 57 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

17-1011 Architects, Except Landscape and Naval

Occupation Description: Plan and design structures, such as private residences, office buildings, theaters, factories, and other structural property. Excludes Landscape Architects (17-1012) and Marine Engineers and Naval Architects (17-2121). Alternate Job Title(s): Building Architect; Building Architectural Designer; Structural Architect

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 222 250 12.628 61 95 184 $72,990

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 15.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 84.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare scale drawings or architectural designs, using computer-aided design or other tools. Plan or design structures such as residences, office buildings, theatres, factories, or other structural properties in accordance with environmental, safety, or other regulations. Direct activities of technicians engaged in preparing drawings or specification documents. Prepare contract documents for building contractors. Prepare information regarding design, structure specifications, materials, color, equipment, estimated costs, or construction time.

Top Generalized Work Activities Thinking Creatively Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Artistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Visualization Attention to Detail Design Critical Thinking Fluency of Ideas Dependability Building and Construction Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Analytical Thinking Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Information Ordering Initiative English Language Judgment and Decision Making Near Vision Integrity Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Internship/residency

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 58 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

17-1012 Landscape Architects

Occupation Description: Plan and design land areas for projects such as parks and other recreational facilities, airports, highways, hospitals, schools, land subdivisions, and commercial, industrial, and residential sites. Alternate Job Title(s): Golf Course Architect; Golf Course Designer; Landscape Designer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 60 67 11.77 16 25 48 $62,050

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 14.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 85.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Confer with clients, engineering personnel, or architects on landscape projects. Prepare site plans, specifications, or cost estimates for land development. Analyze data on conditions such as site location, drainage, or structure location for environmental reports or landscaping plans. Develop marketing materials, proposals, or presentation to generate new work opportunities. Inspect landscape work to ensure compliance with specifications, evaluate quality of materials or work, or advise clients or construction personnel.

Top Generalized Work Activities Thinking Creatively Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Artistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Design Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Attention to Detail Building and Construction Coordination Written Comprehension Dependability English Language Speaking Visualization Initiative Customer and Personal Service Writing Deductive Reasoning Innovation Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Internship/residency

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 59 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

17-1022 Surveyors

Occupation Description: Make exact measurements and determine property boundaries. Provide data relevant to the shape, contour, gravitation, location, elevation, or dimension of land or land features on or near the earth's surface for engineering, mapmaking, mining, land evaluation, construction, and other purposes. Alternate Job Title(s): Geodetic Surveyor; Land Surveyor; Mineral Surveyor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 309 351 13.642 111 131 284 $75,390

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 14.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 85.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Verify the accuracy of survey data, including measurements and calculations conducted at survey sites. Direct or conduct surveys to establish legal boundaries for properties, based on legal deeds and titles. Prepare or supervise preparation of all data, charts, plots, maps, records, and documents related to surveys. Prepare and maintain sketches, maps, reports, and legal descriptions of surveys to describe, certify, and assume liability for work performed. Write descriptions of property boundary surveys for use in deeds, leases, or other legal documents.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Interacting With Computers Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Mathematics Deductive Reasoning Integrity Mathematics Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Engineering and Technology Speaking Mathematical Reasoning Dependability Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Analytical Thinking Law and Government Active Listening Speech Recognition Cooperation English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Internship/residency

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 60 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

17-2051 Civil Engineers

Occupation Description: Perform engineering duties in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures and facilities, such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, and water and sewage systems. Includes architectural, structural, traffic, and geotechnical engineers. Excludes Hydrologists (19-2043). Alternate Job Title(s): Bridge Engineer; Construction Engineer; Highway Engineer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,359 1,488 9.5129 299 662 1,090 $86,480

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Inspect project sites to monitor progress and ensure conformance to design specifications and safety or sanitation standards. Compute load and grade requirements, water flow rates, or material stress factors to determine design specifications. Provide technical advice to industrial or managerial personnel regarding design, construction, program modifications, or structural repairs. Test soils or materials to determine the adequacy and strength of foundations, concrete, asphalt, or steel. Manage and direct the construction, operations, or maintenance activities at project site.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Integrity Engineering and Technology Reading Comprehension Inductive Reasoning Dependability Building and Construction Operations Analysis Information Ordering Attention to Detail Mathematics Systems Analysis Deductive Reasoning Analytical Thinking Design Complex Problem Solving Oral Expression Initiative English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 61 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

17-3011 Architectural and Civil Drafters

Occupation Description: Prepare detailed drawings of architectural and structural features of buildings or drawings and topographical relief maps used in civil engineering projects, such as highways, bridges, and public works. Use knowledge of building materials, engineering practices, and mathematics to complete drawings. Alternate Job Title(s): Building Drafter; Civil Computer-Aided Design and Drafting Technician; Structural Drafter

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 392 407 3.815 125 220 360 $56,460

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Produce drawings, using computer-assisted drafting systems (CAD) or drafting machines, or by hand, using compasses, dividers, protractors, triangles, and other drafting devices. Draft plans and detailed drawings for structures, installations, and construction projects, such as highways, sewage disposal systems, and dikes, working from sketches or notes. Coordinate structural, electrical, and mechanical designs and determine a method of presentation to graphically represent building plans. Analyze building codes, by-laws, space and site requirements, and other technical documents and reports to determine their effect on architectural designs. Draw maps, diagrams, and profiles, using cross-sections and surveys, to represent elevations, topographical contours, subsurface formations, and structures.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Near Vision Attention to Detail Design Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Dependability Building and Construction Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Cooperation Engineering and Technology Speaking Problem Sensitivity Analytical Thinking English Language Writing Oral Expression Adaptability/Flexibility Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 62 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

17-3022 Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians

Occupation Description: Apply theory and principles of civil engineering in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of structures and facilities under the direction of engineering staff or physical scientists. Alternate Job Title(s): Geotechnical Engineering Technician; Highway Engineering Technician; Structural Engineering Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 497 552 11.155 162 274 491 $58,170

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Calculate dimensions, square footage, profile and component specifications, and material quantities using calculator or computer. Read and review project blueprints and structural specifications to determine dimensions of structure or system and material requirements. Draft detailed dimensional drawings and design layouts for projects and to ensure conformance to specifications. Confer with supervisor to determine project details such as plan preparation, acceptance testing, and evaluation of field conditions. Analyze proposed site factors and design maps, graphs, tracings, and diagrams to illustrate findings.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Interacting With Computers Processing Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Deductive Reasoning Integrity Engineering and Technology Active Listening Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Mathematics Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Dependability Building and Construction Mathematics Near Vision Cooperation Design Speaking Mathematical Reasoning Initiative Clerical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 63 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

17-3031 Surveying and Mapping Technicians

Occupation Description: Perform surveying and mapping duties, usually under the direction of an engineer, surveyor, cartographer, or photogrammetrist, to obtain data used for construction, mapmaking, boundary location, mining, or other purposes. May calculate mapmaking information and create maps from source data, such as surveying notes, aerial photography, satellite data, or other maps to show topographical features, political boundaries, and other features. May verify accuracy and completeness of maps. Excludes Cartographers and Photogrammetrists (17-1021), Surveyors (17-1022), and Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers (19-2042). Alternate Job Title(s): Cartographic Technician; Field Map Technician; GIS Mapping Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 186 204 9.718 64 149 231 $54,780

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Position and hold the vertical rods, or targets, that theodolite operators use for sighting to measure angles, distances, and elevations. Check all layers of maps to ensure accuracy, identifying and marking errors and making corrections. Design or develop information databases that include geographic or topographic data. Monitor mapping work or the updating of maps to ensure accuracy, inclusion of new or changed information, or compliance with rules and regulations. Produce or update overlay maps to show information boundaries, water locations, or topographic features on various base maps or at different scales.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Documenting/Recording Information Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Near Vision Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Dependability Geography Mathematics Mathematical Reasoning Cooperation Mathematics Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Analytical Thinking English Language Speaking Deductive Reasoning Integrity Engineering and Technology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 64 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

27-1025 Interior Designers

Occupation Description: Plan, design, and furnish the internal space of rooms or buildings. Design interior environments or create physical layouts that are practical, aesthetic, and conducive to the intended purposes. May specialize in a particular field, style, or phase of interior design. Excludes Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers (27-1026). Alternate Job Title(s): Home Lighting Adviser; Interior Decorator; Kitchen Designer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 244 256 4.912 77 138 227 $47,000

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Design plans to be safe and to be compliant with the American Disabilities Act (ADA). Coordinate with other professionals, such as contractors, architects, engineers, and plumbers, to ensure job success. Inspect construction work on site to ensure its adherence to the design plans. Use computer-aided drafting (CAD) and related software to produce construction documents. Advise client on interior design factors such as space planning, layout and use of furnishings or equipment, and color coordination.

Top Generalized Work Activities Thinking Creatively Interacting With Computers Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Artistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Originality Attention to Detail Design Speaking Oral Expression Innovation Building and Construction Critical Thinking Near Vision Dependability Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Visualization Stress Tolerance English Language Service Orientation Written Comprehension Initiative Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 65 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

37-1012 First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers

Occupation Description: Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in landscaping or groundskeeping activities. Work may involve reviewing contracts to ascertain service, machine, and workforce requirements; answering inquiries from potential customers regarding methods, material, and price ranges; and preparing estimates according to labor, material, and machine costs. Alternate Job Title(s): Grounds Maintenance Supervisor; Head Greenskeeper; Horticultural Services Supervisor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 417 474 13.757 151 267 475 $67,220

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 30% and 39%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor project activities to ensure that instructions are followed, deadlines are met, and schedules are maintained. Establish and enforce operating procedures and work standards that will ensure adequate performance and personnel safety. Inspect completed work to ensure conformance to specifications, standards, and contract requirements. Direct activities of workers who perform duties, such as landscaping, cultivating lawns, or pruning trees and shrubs. Provide workers with assistance in performing duties as necessary to meet deadlines.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Making Decisions and Solving Problems Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Frequency of Decision Making [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Dependability English Language Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Integrity Administration and Management Coordination Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Monitoring Deductive Reasoning Initiative Mathematics Management of Personnel Resources Speech Clarity Self Control Personnel and Human Resources

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 66 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

37-3011 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers

Occupation Description: Landscape or maintain grounds of property using hand or power tools or equipment. Workers typically perform a variety of tasks, which may include any combination of the following: sod laying, mowing, trimming, planting, watering, fertilizing, digging, raking, sprinkler installation, and installation of mortarless segmental concrete masonry wall units. Excludes Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse (45-2092). Alternate Job Title(s): Greenskeeper; Hedge Trimmer; Lawn Caretaker; Shrub Planter

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 2,817 3,256 15.6439 1,289 2,287 4,015 $35,200

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Gather and remove litter. Use hand tools, such as shovels, rakes, pruning saws, saws, hedge or brush trimmers, or axes. Operate vehicles or powered equipment, such as mowers, tractors, twin-axle vehicles, snow blowers, chain-saws, electric clippers, sod cutters, or pruning saws. Water lawns, trees, or plants, using portable sprinkler systems, hoses, or watering cans. Prune or trim trees, shrubs, or hedges, using shears, pruners, or chain saws.

Top Generalized Work Activities Handling and Moving Objects Controlling Machines and Processes Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable [Every day] Very Hot or Cold Temperatures [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Multilimb Coordination Integrity English Language Manual Dexterity Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Trunk Strength Self Control Extent Flexibility Cooperation Static Strength Dependability

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 67 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers

Occupation Description: Directly supervise and coordinate activities of construction or extraction workers. Alternate Job Title(s): Carpenter Supervisor; Quarry Boss; Rig Supervisor; Solar Panel Installation Supervisor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 3,967 4,014 1.247 1,119 2,418 3,584 $77,860

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Inspect work progress, equipment, or construction sites to verify safety or to ensure that specifications are met. Read specifications, such as blueprints, to determine construction requirements or to plan procedures. Supervise, coordinate, or schedule the activities of construction or extractive workers. Assign work to employees, based on material or worker requirements of specific jobs. Coordinate work activities with other construction project activities.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Making Decisions and Solving Problems Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Coordination Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Administration and Management Speaking Oral Expression Leadership Building and Construction Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Dependability Mechanical Management of Personnel Resources Near Vision Self Control Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Information Ordering Integrity English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 68 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2011 Boilermakers

Occupation Description: Construct, assemble, maintain, and repair stationary steam boilers and boiler house auxiliaries. Align structures or plate sections to assemble boiler frame tanks or vats, following blueprints. Work involves use of hand and power tools, plumb bobs, levels, wedges, dogs, or turnbuckles. Assist in testing assembled vessels. Direct cleaning of boilers and boiler furnaces. Inspect and repair boiler fittings, such as safety valves, regulators, automatic-control mechanisms, water columns, and auxiliary machines. Alternate Job Title(s): Boiler Installer; Boiler Mechanic; Boiler Tester

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 63 57 -9.5 -6 11 40 45 $72,630

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Attach rigging and signal crane or hoist operators to lift heavy frame and plate sections or other parts into place. Study blueprints to determine locations, relationships, or dimensions of parts. Repair or replace defective pressure vessel parts, such as safety valves or regulators, using torches, jacks, caulking hammers, power saws, threading dies, welding equipment, or metalworking machinery. Locate and mark reference points for columns or plates on boiler foundations, following blueprints and using straightedges, squares, transits, or measuring instruments. Bolt or arc weld pressure vessel structures and parts together, using wrenches or welding equipment.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Handling and Moving Objects Performing General Physical Activities

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Exposed to Contaminants [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Dependability Mathematics Operation and Control Near Vision Attention to Detail Design Critical Thinking Control Precision Initiative Building and Construction Equipment Maintenance Problem Sensitivity Persistence Mechanical Quality Control Analysis Finger Dexterity Achievement/Effort Production and Processing

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 69 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2021 Brickmasons and Blockmasons

Occupation Description: Lay and bind building materials, such as brick, structural tile, concrete block, cinder block, glass block, and terra- cotta block, with mortar and other substances, to construct or repair walls, partitions, arches, sewers, and other structures. Installers of mortarless segmental concrete masonry wall units are classified in Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (37-3011). Excludes Stonemasons (47-2022). Alternate Job Title(s): Adobe Layer; Brick Chimney Builder; Refractory Bricklayer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 270 268 -0.7 -2 81 154 233 $56,390

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Measure distance from reference points and mark guidelines to lay out work, using plumb bobs and levels. Construct corners by fastening in plumb position a corner pole or building a corner pyramid of bricks, and filling in between the corners using a line from corner to corner to guide each course, or layer, of brick. Apply and smooth mortar or other mixture over work surface. Calculate angles and courses and determine vertical and horizontal alignment of courses. Break or cut bricks, tiles, or blocks to size, using trowel edge, hammer, or power saw.

Top Generalized Work Activities Handling and Moving Objects Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Coordination Trunk Strength Attention to Detail Building and Construction Critical Thinking Extent Flexibility Dependability Mathematics Time Management Arm-Hand Steadiness Integrity English Language Quality Control Analysis Static Strength Cooperation Public Safety and Security Speaking Near Vision Independence Production and Processing

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 70 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2031 Carpenters

Occupation Description: Construct, erect, install, or repair structures and fixtures made of wood and comparable materials, such as concrete forms; building frameworks, including partitions, joists, studding, and rafters; and wood stairways, window and door frames, and hardwood floors. May also install cabinets, siding, drywall, and batt or roll insulation. Includes brattice builders who build doors or brattices (ventilation walls or partitions) in underground passageways. Alternate Job Title(s): Building Carpenter; Custom Wood Stair Builder; Wood Floor Layer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 2,725 2,790 2.465 797 1,617 2,479 $43,780

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 20% and 29%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Follow established safety rules and regulations and maintain a safe and clean environment. Study specifications in blueprints, sketches, or building plans to prepare project layout and determine dimensions and materials required. Measure and mark cutting lines on materials, using a ruler, pencil, chalk, and marking gauge. Shape or cut materials to specified measurements, using hand tools, machines, or power saws. Install structures or fixtures, such as windows, frames, floorings, trim, or hardware, using carpenters' hand or power tools.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing General Physical Activities Getting Information Handling and Moving Objects

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Manual Dexterity Attention to Detail Building and Construction Speaking Problem Sensitivity Dependability Mathematics Monitoring Trunk Strength Cooperation Design Critical Thinking Visualization Integrity Mechanical Coordination Near Vision Self Control English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 71 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2041 Carpet Installers

Occupation Description: Lay and install carpet from rolls or blocks on floors. Install padding and trim flooring materials. Excludes Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles (47-2042). Alternate Job Title(s): Carpet Layer; Wall-to-Wall Carpet Installer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 105 100 -4.8 -5 26 58 79 $33,710

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 20% and 29%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Inspect the surface to be covered to determine its condition, and correct any imperfections that might show through carpet or cause carpet to wear unevenly. Roll out, measure, mark, and cut carpeting to size with a carpet knife, following floor sketches and allowing extra carpet for final fitting. Join edges of carpet and seam edges where necessary, by sewing or by using tape with glue and heated carpet iron. Cut and trim carpet to fit along wall edges, openings, and projections, finishing the edges with a wall trimmer. Plan the layout of the carpet, allowing for expected traffic patterns and placing seams for best appearance and longest wear.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing General Physical Activities Handling and Moving Objects Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Trunk Strength Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Coordination Extent Flexibility Dependability Mathematics Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Integrity Administration and Management Mathematics Near Vision Cooperation English Language Time Management Static Strength Independence Building and Construction

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 72 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2044 Tile and Stone Setters

Occupation Description: Apply hard tile, stone, and comparable materials to walls, floors, ceilings, countertops, and roof decks. Alternate Job Title(s): Ceramic Tile Installer; Hard Tile Setter; Marble Ceiling Installer; Parquet Floor Layer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 106 120 13.214 29 64 107 $44,510

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 13.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 86.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 30% and 39%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Cut and shape tile to fit around obstacles and into odd spaces and corners, using hand and power cutting tools. Lay and set mosaic tiles to create decorative wall, mural, and floor designs. Align and straighten tile using levels, squares, and straightedges. Determine and implement the best layout to achieve a desired pattern. Measure and mark surfaces to be tiled, following blueprints.

Top Generalized Work Activities Handling and Moving Objects Getting Information Performing General Physical Activities

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Extent Flexibility Attention to Detail Building and Construction Coordination Trunk Strength Dependability English Language Active Listening Visualization Integrity Mathematics Speaking Near Vision Independence Time Management Problem Sensitivity Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 73 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2051 Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers

Occupation Description: Smooth and finish surfaces of poured concrete, such as floors, walks, sidewalks, roads, or curbs using a variety of hand and power tools. Align forms for sidewalks, curbs, or gutters; patch voids; and use saws to cut expansion joints. Installers of mortarless segmental concrete masonry wall units are classified in Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (37-3011). Alternate Job Title(s): Cement Patcher; Concrete Floor Installer; Concrete Swimming Pool Installer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 767 802 4.635 200 479 714 $51,050

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Check the forms that hold the concrete to see that they are properly constructed. Set the forms that hold concrete to the desired pitch and depth, and align them. Spread, level, and smooth concrete, using rake, shovel, hand or power trowel, hand or power screed, and float. Monitor how the wind, heat, or cold affect the curing of the concrete throughout the entire process. Mold expansion joints and edges, using edging tools, jointers, and straightedge.

Top Generalized Work Activities Handling and Moving Objects Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Manual Dexterity Dependability English Language Coordination Trunk Strength Attention to Detail Building and Construction Time Management Multilimb Coordination Persistence Mathematics Quality Control Analysis Near Vision Self Control Public Safety and Security Speaking Control Precision Stress Tolerance

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 74 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2061 Construction Laborers

Occupation Description: Perform tasks involving physical labor at construction sites. May operate hand and power tools of all types: air hammers, earth tampers, cement mixers, small mechanical hoists, surveying and measuring equipment, and a variety of other equipment and instruments. May clean and prepare sites, dig trenches, set braces to support the sides of excavations, erect scaffolding, and clean up rubble, debris, and other waste materials. May assist other craft workers. Construction laborers who primarily assist a particular craft worker are classified under Helpers, Construction Trades (47-3010). Excludes Hazardous Materials Removal Workers (47-4041). Alternate Job Title(s): Air Hammer Operator; Construction Craft Laborer; Construction Trench Digger

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 5,505 5,986 8.7481 1,692 3,652 5,825 $41,560

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt. Lubricate, clean, or repair machinery, equipment, or tools. Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, or adjustment of machinery, equipment, or materials. Read plans, instructions, or specifications to determine work activities. Measure, mark, or record openings or distances to layout areas where construction work will be performed.

Top Generalized Work Activities Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Getting Information Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Manual Dexterity Attention to Detail Building and Construction Coordination Static Strength Dependability Public Safety and Security Operation and Control Multilimb Coordination Cooperation Mechanical Active Listening Arm-Hand Steadiness Integrity Operation Monitoring Oral Comprehension Stress Tolerance

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 75 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2071 Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators

Occupation Description: Operate equipment used for applying concrete, asphalt, or other materials to road beds, parking lots, or airport runways and taxiways or for tamping gravel, dirt, or other materials. Includes concrete and asphalt paving machine operators, form tampers, tamping machine operators, and stone spreader operators. Alternate Job Title(s): Asphalt Roller Operator; Blacktop-Paver Operator; Road Grader

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 200 215 7.515 77 138 230 $51,900

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Government. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Start machine, engage clutch, and push and move levers to guide machine along forms or guidelines and to control the operation of machine attachments. Fill tanks, hoppers, or machines with paving materials. Control paving machines to push dump trucks and to maintain a constant flow of asphalt or other material into hoppers or screeds. Observe distribution of paving material to adjust machine settings or material flow, and indicate low spots for workers to add material. Coordinate truck dumping.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Once a week or more but not every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day] Exposed to Hazardous Equipment [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Control Precision Attention to Detail Building and Construction Operation and Control Problem Sensitivity Dependability Mechanical Monitoring Multilimb Coordination Integrity Repairing Rate Control Independence Critical Thinking Reaction Time Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 76 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2073 Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators

Occupation Description: Operate one or several types of power construction equipment, such as motor graders, bulldozers, scrapers, compressors, pumps, derricks, shovels, tractors, or front-end loaders to excavate, move, and grade earth, erect structures, or pour concrete or other hard surface pavement. May repair and maintain equipment in addition to other duties. Excludes Extraction Workers (47-5000) and Crane and Tower Operators (53-7021). Alternate Job Title(s): Construction Bulldozer Operator; Road Grader; Steam Shovel Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 3,752 3,876 3.3124 1,232 2,547 3,903 $55,190

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 96.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Learn and follow safety regulations. Take actions to avoid potential hazards or obstructions, such as utility lines, other equipment, other workers, or falling objects. Start engines, move throttles, switches, or levers, or depress pedals to operate machines, such as bulldozers, trench excavators, road graders, or backhoes. Coordinate machine actions with other activities, positioning or moving loads in response to hand or audio signals from crew members. Align machines, cutterheads, or depth gauge makers with reference stakes and guidelines or ground or position equipment, following hand signals of other workers.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Consequence of Error [Extremely serious]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Control Precision Dependability Mechanical Operation Monitoring Depth Perception Initiative English Language Equipment Maintenance Near Vision Cooperation Public Safety and Security Monitoring Multilimb Coordination Attention to Detail Troubleshooting Far Vision Adaptability/Flexibility

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 77 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2082 Tapers

Occupation Description: Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall surface for painting or papering. Alternate Job Title(s): Drywall Taper; Sheet Rock Taper; Wall Taper

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 90 94 4.44 23 51 78 $46,660

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Spread sealing compound between boards or panels or over cracks, holes, nail heads, or screw heads, using trowels, broadknives, or spatulas. Press paper tape over joints to embed tape into sealing compound and to seal joints. Apply additional coats to fill in holes and make surfaces smooth. Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall surfaces for painting or papering. Spread and smooth cementing material over tape, using trowels or floating machines to blend joints with wall surfaces.

Top Generalized Work Activities Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Performing General Physical Activities Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge [information not available] Near Vision Dependability Building and Construction Arm-Hand Steadiness Attention to Detail Trunk Strength Leadership Extent Flexibility Independence Manual Dexterity Integrity

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 78 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2111 Electricians

Occupation Description: Install, maintain, and repair electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures. Ensure that work is in accordance with relevant codes. May install or service street lights, intercom systems, or electrical control systems. Excludes Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers (49-2098). Alternate Job Title(s): Electrical Sign Wirer; Master Electrician; Solar Photovoltaic Electrician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 3,563 4,239 19.0676 1,105 2,741 4,522 $64,620

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 14.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 85.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Plan layout and installation of electrical wiring, equipment, or fixtures, based on job specifications and local codes. Connect wires to circuit breakers, transformers, or other components. Test electrical systems or continuity of circuits in electrical wiring, equipment, or fixtures, using testing devices, such as ohmmeters, voltmeters, or oscilloscopes, to ensure compatibility and safety of system. Use a variety of tools or equipment, such as power construction equipment, measuring devices, power tools, and testing equipment, such as oscilloscopes, ammeters, or test lamps. Inspect electrical systems, equipment, or components to identify hazards, defects, or the need for adjustment or repair, and to ensure compliance with codes.

Top Generalized Work Activities Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Troubleshooting Problem Sensitivity Dependability Building and Construction Repairing Inductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Mechanical Active Listening Near Vision Integrity Mathematics Judgment and Decision Making Deductive Reasoning Analytical Thinking English Language Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Initiative Design

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 79 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2121 Glaziers

Occupation Description: Install glass in windows, skylights, store fronts, and display cases, or on surfaces, such as building fronts, interior walls, ceilings, and tabletops. Alternate Job Title(s): Plate Glass Installer; Stained Glass Joiner

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 173 194 12.121 51 125 197 $47,170

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Fabricate or install metal sashes or moldings for glass installation, using aluminum or steel framing. Determine plumb of walls or ceilings, using plumb lines and levels. Fasten glass panes into wood sashes or frames with clips, points, or moldings, adding weather seals or putty around pane edges to seal joints. Prepare glass for cutting by resting it on rack edges or against cutting tables and brushing thin layer of oil along cutting lines or dipping cutting tools in oil. Cut, fit, install, repair, or replace glass or glass substitutes, such as plastic or aluminum, in building interiors or exteriors or in furniture or other products.

Top Generalized Work Activities Handling and Moving Objects Getting Information Performing General Physical Activities

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Arm-Hand Steadiness Dependability Building and Construction Coordination Near Vision Attention to Detail Mathematics Reading Comprehension Manual Dexterity Cooperation Operation and Control Multilimb Coordination Integrity Information Ordering Achievement/Effort

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 80 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2131 Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall

Occupation Description: Line and cover structures with insulating materials. May work with batt, roll, or blown insulation materials. Alternate Job Title(s): Ceiling Insulation Blower; Composition Weatherboard Installer; Interior Surface Insulation Worker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 142 159 12.017 34 106 157 $44,390

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Measure and cut insulation for covering surfaces, using tape measures, handsaws, power saws, knives, or scissors. Fit, wrap, staple, or glue insulating materials to structures or surfaces, using hand tools or wires. Cover and line structures with blown or rolled forms of materials to insulate against cold, heat, or moisture, using saws, knives, rasps, trowels, blowers, or other tools and implements. Distribute insulating materials evenly into small spaces within floors, ceilings, or walls, using blowers and hose attachments, or cement mortars. Move controls, buttons, or levers to start blowers and regulate flow of materials through nozzles.

Top Generalized Work Activities Handling and Moving Objects Performing General Physical Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection [Once a week or more but not every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [More than half the time]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Extent Flexibility Attention to Detail Building and Construction Speaking Manual Dexterity Dependability Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Multilimb Coordination Cooperation Mechanical Operation and Control Gross Body Equilibrium Integrity Trunk Strength Independence

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 81 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2132 Insulation Workers, Mechanical

Occupation Description: Apply insulating materials to pipes or ductwork, or other mechanical systems in order to help control and maintain temperature. Alternate Job Title(s): Boiler Coverer; Pipe Coverer; Pipe Insulator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 134 156 16.422 33 102 157 $42,630

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 14% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 86%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Measure and cut insulation for covering surfaces, using tape measures, handsaws, knives, and scissors. Fit insulation around obstructions, and shape insulating materials and protective coverings as required. Determine the amounts and types of insulation needed, and methods of installation, based on factors such as location, surface shape, and equipment use. Install sheet metal around insulated pipes with screws to protect the insulation from weather conditions or physical damage. Apply, remove, and repair insulation on industrial equipment, pipes, ductwork, or other mechanical systems such as heat exchangers, tanks, and vessels, to help control noise and maintain temperatures.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Handling and Moving Objects Performing General Physical Activities

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Exposed to Contaminants [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Arm-Hand Steadiness Dependability Mathematics Coordination Oral Expression Attention to Detail Mechanical Active Listening Oral Comprehension Independence Building and Construction Speaking Finger Dexterity Persistence Customer and Personal Service Monitoring Near Vision Initiative English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 82 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2141 Painters, Construction and Maintenance

Occupation Description: Paint walls, equipment, buildings, bridges, and other structural surfaces, using brushes, rollers, and spray guns. May remove old paint to prepare surface prior to painting. May mix colors or oils to obtain desired color or consistency. Excludes Paperhangers (47-2142). Alternate Job Title(s): Bridge Painter; House Painter; Traffic Line Painter

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 818 847 3.529 266 440 735 $47,580

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 96.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 30% and 39%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Fill cracks, holes, or joints with caulk, putty, plaster, or other fillers, using caulking guns or putty knives. Cover surfaces with dropcloths or masking tape and paper to protect surfaces during painting. Smooth surfaces, using sandpaper, scrapers, brushes, steel wool, or sanding machines. Read work orders or receive instructions from supervisors or homeowners to determine work requirements. Apply primers or sealers to prepare new surfaces, such as bare wood or metal, for finish coats.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Time Management Arm-Hand Steadiness Attention to Detail Public Safety and Security Active Listening Trunk Strength Integrity Administration and Management Critical Thinking Gross Body Equilibrium Leadership English Language Social Perceptiveness Near Vision Dependability Customer and Personal Service Visual Color Discrimination Cooperation Building and Construction

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 83 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2151 Pipelayers

Occupation Description: Lay pipe for storm or sanitation sewers, drains, and water mains. Perform any combination of the following tasks: grade trenches or culverts, position pipe, or seal joints. Excludes Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers (51- 4121). Alternate Job Title(s): Cast-Iron Drain Pipe Layer; Trench Pipe Layer; Water Main Pipe Layer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 236 229 -3.0 -7 66 155 214 $45,940

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Install or use instruments such as lasers, grade rods, or transit levels. Cut pipes to required lengths. Connect pipe pieces and seal joints, using welding equipment, cement, or glue. Cover pipes with earth or other materials. Install or repair sanitary or stormwater sewer structures or pipe systems.

Top Generalized Work Activities Handling and Moving Objects Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Control Precision Attention to Detail Building and Construction Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability Mechanical Operation Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Initiative Mathematics Quality Control Analysis Near Vision Cooperation Public Safety and Security Coordination Extent Flexibility Persistence Design

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 84 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2152 Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

Occupation Description: Assemble, install, alter, and repair pipelines or pipe systems that carry water, steam, air, or other liquids or gases. May install heating and cooling equipment and mechanical control systems. Includes sprinkler fitters. Alternate Job Title(s): Fire Sprinkler Installer; Solar Thermal Installer; Sprinkler Fitter

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 2,198 2,296 4.598 642 1,499 2,239 $54,580

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Cut, thread, or hammer pipes to specifications, using tools such as saws, cutting torches, pipe threaders, or pipe benders. Lay out full scale drawings of pipe systems, supports, or related equipment, according to blueprints. Inspect, examine, or test installed systems or pipe lines, using pressure gauge, hydrostatic testing, observation, or other methods. Plan pipe system layout, installation, or repair, according to specifications. Attach pipes to walls, structures, or fixtures, such as radiators or tanks, using brackets, clamps, tools, or welding equipment.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing General Physical Activities Getting Information Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Near Vision Dependability Mechanical Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Building and Construction Speaking Arm-Hand Steadiness Integrity Design Judgment and Decision Making Manual Dexterity Cooperation Mathematics Operation Monitoring Multilimb Coordination Initiative English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 85 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2181 Roofers

Occupation Description: Cover roofs of structures with shingles, slate, asphalt, aluminum, wood, or related materials. May spray roofs, sidings, and walls with material to bind, seal, insulate, or soundproof sections of structures. Alternate Job Title(s): Hot Tar Roofer; Shingles Roofer; Terra Cotta Roofer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 202 213 5.411 48 134 193 $47,480

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 30% and 39%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Inspect problem roofs to determine the best repair procedures. Remove snow, water, or debris from roofs prior to applying roofing materials. Set up scaffolding to provide safe access to roofs. Estimate materials and labor required to complete roofing jobs. Cement or nail flashing strips of metal or shingle over joints to make them watertight.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing General Physical Activities Handling and Moving Objects Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Exposed to High Places [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Coordination Gross Body Equilibrium Dependability Building and Construction Critical Thinking Extent Flexibility Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Trunk Strength Self Control English Language Speaking Problem Sensitivity Integrity Public Safety and Security Operation Monitoring Near Vision Concern for Others Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 86 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2211 Sheet Metal Workers

Occupation Description: Fabricate, assemble, install, and repair sheet metal products and equipment, such as ducts, control boxes, drainpipes, and furnace casings. Work may involve any of the following: setting up and operating fabricating machines to cut, bend, and straighten sheet metal; shaping metal over anvils, blocks, or forms using hammer; operating soldering and welding equipment to join sheet metal parts; or inspecting, assembling, and smoothing seams and joints of burred surfaces. Includes sheet metal duct installers who install prefabricated sheet metal ducts used for heating, air conditioning, or other purposes. Alternate Job Title(s): Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Sheet Metal Installer; Sheet Metal Former; Tinsmith

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 459 509 10.950 131 305 486 $52,740

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Convert blueprints into shop drawings to be followed in the construction or assembly of sheet metal products. Determine project requirements, such as scope, assembly sequences, or required methods or materials, using blueprints, drawings, or written or verbal instructions. Lay out, measure, and mark dimensions and reference lines on material, such as roofing panels, using calculators, scribes, dividers, squares, or rulers. Fasten seams or joints together with welds, bolts, cement, rivets, solder, caulks, metal drive clips, or bonds to assemble components into products or to repair sheet metal items. Trim, file, grind, deburr, buff, or smooth surfaces, seams, or joints of assembled parts, using hand tools or portable power tools.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Handling and Moving Objects

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Near Vision Attention to Detail Mechanical Monitoring Multilimb Coordination Dependability Mathematics Time Management Visualization Cooperation Building and Construction Coordination Information Ordering Initiative Administration and Management Mathematics Trunk Strength Integrity English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 87 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-2221 Structural Iron and Steel Workers

Occupation Description: Raise, place, and unite iron or steel girders, columns, and other structural members to form completed structures or structural frameworks. May erect metal storage tanks and assemble prefabricated metal buildings. Excludes Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers (47-2171). Alternate Job Title(s): Bridge Ironworker; Precast Concrete Ironworker; Wind Turbine Erector

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 230 252 9.622 57 179 258 $50,490

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Read specifications or blueprints to determine the locations, quantities, or sizes of materials required. Connect columns, beams, and girders with bolts, following blueprints and instructions from supervisors. Bolt aligned structural steel members in position for permanent riveting, bolting, or welding into place. Fasten structural steel members to hoist cables, using chains, cables, or rope. Hoist steel beams, girders, or columns into place, using cranes or signaling hoisting equipment operators to lift and position structural steel members.

Top Generalized Work Activities Handling and Moving Objects Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Performing General Physical Activities

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable [Every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Static Strength Dependability Building and Construction Coordination Multilimb Coordination Attention to Detail Mechanical Operation and Control Near Vision Self Control Mathematics Critical Thinking Manual Dexterity Cooperation Public Safety and Security Active Listening Visualization Initiative Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 88 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-3011 Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters

Occupation Description: Help brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, or tile and marble setters by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment. Construction laborers who do not primarily assist brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons or tile and marble setters are classified under Construction Laborers (47-2061). Apprentice workers are classified with the appropriate skilled construction trade occupation (47-2011 through 47-2231). Alternate Job Title(s): Brick Carrier; Brick Washer; Refractory Tile Helper

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 56 59 5.43 18 48 69 $41,970

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Mix mortar, plaster, and grout, manually or using machines, according to standard formulas. Erect scaffolding or other installation structures. Cut materials to specified sizes for installation, using power saws or tile cutters. Modify material moving, mixing, grouting, grinding, polishing, or cleaning procedures, according to installation or material requirements. Transport materials, tools, or machines to installation sites, manually or using conveyance equipment.

Top Generalized Work Activities Handling and Moving Objects Getting Information Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Time Management Trunk Strength Dependability Building and Construction Critical Thinking Multilimb Coordination Attention to Detail Mechanical Monitoring Static Strength Self Control Design Coordination Near Vision Cooperation Mathematics Operation and Control Arm-Hand Steadiness Initiative

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 89 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-4031 Fence Erectors

Occupation Description: Erect and repair fences and fence gates, using hand and power tools. Alternate Job Title(s): Wire Fence Builder; Wood Fence Installer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 78 79 1.31 23 52 76 $43,760

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 20% and 29%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Establish the location for a fence, and gather information needed to ensure that there are no electric cables or water lines in the area. Set metal or wooden posts in upright positions in postholes. Measure and lay out fence lines and mark posthole positions, following instructions, drawings, or specifications. Align posts, using lines or by sighting, and verify vertical alignment of posts, using plumb bobs or spirit levels. Attach rails or tension wire along bottoms of posts to form fencing frames.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Performing General Physical Activities Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Responsible for Others' Health and Safety [Very high responsibility] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Trunk Strength Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Coordination Manual Dexterity Initiative Building and Construction Time Management Multilimb Coordination Dependability Transportation Active Listening Static Strength Persistence Administration and Management Speaking Arm-Hand Steadiness Leadership Design

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 90 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

47-4051 Highway Maintenance Workers

Occupation Description: Maintain highways, municipal and rural roads, airport runways, and rights-of-way. Duties include patching broken or eroded pavement and repairing guard rails, highway markers, and snow fences. May also mow or clear brush from along road, or plow snow from roadway. Excludes Tree Trimmers and Pruners (37-3013). Alternate Job Title(s): Road Patcher; Road Sign Installer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,121 1,199 7.078 459 681 1,218 $48,250

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Government. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Set out signs and cones around work areas to divert traffic. Flag motorists to warn them of obstacles or repair work ahead. Perform preventative maintenance on vehicles and heavy equipment. Drive trucks to transport crews and equipment to work sites. Erect, install, or repair guardrails, road shoulders, berms, highway markers, warning signals, and highway lighting, using hand tools and power tools.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Multilimb Coordination Dependability Public Safety and Security Operation Monitoring Control Precision Concern for Others English Language Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Integrity Transportation Coordination Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Building and Construction Complex Problem Solving Static Strength Cooperation Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 91 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

49-9012 Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door

Occupation Description: Install, repair, and maintain mechanical regulating and controlling devices, such as electric meters, gas regulators, thermostats, safety and flow valves, and other mechanical governors. Alternate Job Title(s): Air Valve Mechanic; Gas Meter Installer; Thermostat Repairer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 170 178 4.78 42 87 137 $74,750

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Utilities. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Record maintenance information, including test results, material usage, and repairs made. Disassemble and repair mechanical control devices or valves, such as regulators, thermostats, or hydrants, using power tools, hand tools, and cutting torches. Lubricate wearing surfaces of mechanical parts, using oils or other lubricants.

Top Generalized Work Activities Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Mechanical Repairing Problem Sensitivity Dependability Engineering and Technology Equipment Maintenance Near Vision Independence Public Safety and Security Operation Monitoring Oral Expression Integrity Computers and Electronics Judgment and Decision Making Arm-Hand Steadiness Initiative Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 92 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

49-9021 Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers

Occupation Description: Install or repair heating, central air conditioning, HVAC, or refrigeration systems, including oil burners, hot-air furnaces, and heating stoves. Alternate Job Title(s): Gas Furnace Installer; Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Mechanic; Oil Burner Repairer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,114 1,256 12.7142 312 696 1,150 $53,270

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 87.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Test electrical circuits or components for continuity, using electrical test equipment. Repair or replace defective equipment, components, or wiring. Discuss heating or cooling system malfunctions with users to isolate problems or to verify that repairs corrected malfunctions. Install, connect, or adjust thermostats, humidistats, or timers. Connect heating or air conditioning equipment to fuel, water, or refrigerant source to form complete circuit.

Top Generalized Work Activities Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Troubleshooting Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Mechanical Repairing Near Vision Dependability Customer and Personal Service Equipment Maintenance Visualization Analytical Thinking Building and Construction Operation Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Initiative Computers and Electronics Quality Control Analysis Finger Dexterity Independence Physics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 93 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

49-9044 Millwrights

Occupation Description: Install, dismantle, or move machinery and heavy equipment according to layout plans, blueprints, or other drawings. Alternate Job Title(s): Machine Erector; Machinery Dismantler; Maintenance Millwright

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 364 413 13.549 122 187 358 $53,030

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 13.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 86.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Insert shims, adjust tension on nuts and bolts, or position parts, using hand tools and measuring instruments, to set specified clearances between moving and stationary parts. Level bedplate and establish centerline, using straightedge, levels, and transit. Align machines or equipment, using hoists, jacks, hand tools, squares, rules, micrometers, lasers, or plumb bobs. Assemble and install equipment, using hand tools and power tools. Signal crane operator to lower basic assembly units to bedplate, and align unit to centerline.

Top Generalized Work Activities Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment Handling and Moving Objects Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Responsible for Others' Health and Safety [Very high responsibility]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Manual Dexterity Attention to Detail Mechanical Installation Finger Dexterity Dependability Mathematics Equipment Maintenance Control Precision Integrity Design Repairing Multilimb Coordination Cooperation Building and Construction Critical Thinking Arm-Hand Steadiness Adaptability/Flexibility English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 94 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

49-9051 Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers

Occupation Description: Install or repair cables or wires used in electrical power or distribution systems. May erect poles and light or heavy duty transmission towers. Excludes Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay (49- 2095). Alternate Job Title(s): Electric Powerline Examiner; Electric Utility Lineworker; Electrical High Tension Tester; Electrical Lineworker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 748 773 3.325 165 408 598 $85,410

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Utilities. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Utilities. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Adhere to safety practices and procedures, such as checking equipment regularly and erecting barriers around work areas. Test conductors, according to electrical diagrams and specifications, to identify corresponding conductors and to prevent incorrect connections. Open switches or attach grounding devices to remove electrical hazards from disturbed or fallen lines or to facilitate repairs. Climb poles or use truck-mounted buckets to access equipment. Drive vehicles equipped with tools and materials to job sites.

Top Generalized Work Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Getting Information Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Arm-Hand Steadiness Dependability Mechanical Monitoring Multilimb Coordination Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Operation Monitoring Near Vision Self Control Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Leadership Troubleshooting Oral Comprehension Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 95 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

49-9096 Riggers

Occupation Description: Set up or repair rigging for construction projects, manufacturing plants, logging yards, ships and shipyards, or for the entertainment industry. Alternate Job Title(s): Acrobatic Rigger; Crane Rigger; Yard Rigger

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 211 192 -9.0 -19 37 131 149 $51,150

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Test rigging to ensure safety and reliability. Signal or verbally direct workers engaged in hoisting and moving loads to ensure safety of workers and materials. Control movement of heavy equipment through narrow openings or confined spaces, using chainfalls, gin poles, gallows frames, and other equipment. Tilt, dip, and turn suspended loads to maneuver over, under, or around obstacles, using multi-point suspension techniques. Select gear, such as cables, pulleys, and winches, according to load weights and sizes, facilities, and work schedules.

Top Generalized Work Activities Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Handling and Moving Objects

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Very Hot or Cold Temperatures [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Problem Sensitivity Dependability Mechanical Reading Comprehension Multilimb Coordination Attention to Detail Public Safety and Security Coordination Control Precision Cooperation Production and Processing Operation Monitoring Near Vision Integrity Customer and Personal Service Monitoring Depth Perception Initiative Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 96 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

49-9098 Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers

Occupation Description: Help installation, maintenance, and repair workers in maintenance, parts replacement, and repair of vehicles, industrial machinery, and electrical and electronic equipment. Perform duties such as furnishing tools, materials, and supplies to other workers; cleaning work area, machines, and tools; and holding materials or tools for other workers. Alternate Job Title(s): Automobile Body Repairer Helper; Locksmith Helper; Motorboat Mechanic Helper

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 171 174 1.83 88 121 212 $33,870

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Wholesale Trade.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Install or replace machinery, equipment, and new or replacement parts and instruments, using hand or power tools. Examine and test machinery, equipment, components, and parts for defects to ensure proper functioning. Tend and observe equipment and machinery to verify efficient and safe operation. Adjust, connect, or disconnect wiring, piping, tubing, and other parts, using hand or power tools. Clean or lubricate vehicles, machinery, equipment, instruments, tools, work areas, and other objects, using hand tools, power tools, and cleaning equipment.

Top Generalized Work Activities Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Manual Dexterity Attention to Detail Mechanical Operation and Control Near Vision Dependability Building and Construction Repairing Arm-Hand Steadiness Integrity Customer and Personal Service Troubleshooting Control Precision Adaptability/Flexibility Public Safety and Security Equipment Maintenance Multilimb Coordination Concern for Others English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 97 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

51-2041 Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters

Occupation Description: Fabricate, position, align, and fit parts of structural metal products. Shipfitters are included in Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic (51-4192). Alternate Job Title(s): Mill Beam Fitter; Protector Plate Attacher

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 334 296 -11.4 -38 69 229 260 $43,060

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Verify conformance of workpieces to specifications, using squares, rulers, and measuring tapes. Align and fit parts according to specifications, using jacks, turnbuckles, wedges, drift pins, pry bars, and hammers. Move parts into position, manually or with hoists or cranes. Position, align, fit, and weld parts to form complete units or subunits, following blueprints and layout specifications, and using jigs, welding torches, and hand tools. Study engineering drawings and blueprints to determine materials requirements and task sequences.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Controlling Machines and Processes Handling and Moving Objects

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Arm-Hand Steadiness Attention to Detail Mechanical Active Listening Multilimb Coordination Dependability Mathematics Speaking Near Vision Cooperation Building and Construction Critical Thinking Control Precision Concern for Others Design Visualization Integrity English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 98 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

51-8021 Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators

Occupation Description: Operate or maintain stationary engines, boilers, or other mechanical equipment to provide utilities for buildings or industrial processes. Operate equipment such as steam engines, generators, motors, turbines, and steam boilers. Alternate Job Title(s): Boiler Engineer; Boiler Room Operator; Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Mechanic Boiler Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 121 120 -0.8 -1 45 74 118 $65,550

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor and inspect equipment, computer terminals, switches, valves, gauges, alarms, safety devices, and meters to detect leaks or malfunctions and to ensure that equipment is operating efficiently and safely. Activate valves to maintain required amounts of water in boilers, to adjust supplies of combustion air, and to control the flow of fuel into burners. Monitor boiler water, chemical, and fuel levels, and make adjustments to maintain required levels. Observe and interpret readings on gauges, meters, and charts registering various aspects of boiler operation to ensure that boilers are operating properly. Test boiler water quality or arrange for testing and take necessary corrective action, such as adding chemicals to prevent corrosion and harmful deposits.

Top Generalized Work Activities Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Exposed to Contaminants [Every day] Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Oral Comprehension Dependability Mechanical Operation and Control Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail English Language Critical Thinking Near Vision Initiative Production and Processing Troubleshooting Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Education and Training Quality Control Analysis Control Precision Integrity

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 99 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Architecture and Construction

53-7021 Crane and Tower Operators

Occupation Description: Operate mechanical boom and cable or tower and cable equipment to lift and move materials, machines, or products in many directions. Alternate Job Title(s): Boom Crane Operator; Cherry Picker Operator; Coal Tower Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 285 306 7.421 83 203 307 $66,810

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Determine load weights and check them against lifting capacities to prevent overload. Move levers, depress foot pedals, or turn dials to operate cranes, cherry pickers, electromagnets, or other moving equipment for lifting, moving, or placing loads. Inspect and adjust crane mechanisms or lifting accessories to prevent malfunctions or damage. Inspect cables or grappling devices for wear and install or replace cables, as needed. Direct helpers engaged in placing blocking or outrigging under cranes.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Responsible for Others' Health and Safety [Very high responsibility] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Control Precision Dependability Mechanical Operation Monitoring Multilimb Coordination Attention to Detail Mathematics Critical Thinking Depth Perception Self Control Monitoring Far Vision Cooperation Active Listening Reaction Time Stress Tolerance

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 100 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

27-1011 Art Directors

Occupation Description: Formulate design concepts and presentation approaches for visual productions and media, such as print, broadcasting, video, and film. Direct workers engaged in artwork or layout design. Excludes Set and Exhibit Designers (27-1027). Alternate Job Title(s): Magazine Designer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 65 62 -4.6 -3 31 30 58 N/A

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally greater than 75%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Formulate basic layout design or presentation approach and specify material details, such as style and size of type, photographs, graphics, animation, video, and sound. Manage own accounts and projects, working within budget and scheduling requirements. Confer with creative, art, copywriting, or production department heads to discuss client requirements and presentation concepts and to coordinate creative activities. Present final layouts to clients for approval. Review and approve art materials, copy materials, and proofs of printed copy developed by staff members.

Top Generalized Work Activities Thinking Creatively Interacting With Computers Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Time Pressure [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Artistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Fluency of Ideas Attention to Detail Sales and Marketing Speaking Originality Dependability English Language Time Management Oral Comprehension Innovation Communications and Media Judgment and Decision Making Written Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility Computers and Electronics Complex Problem Solving Oral Expression Initiative Design

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 101 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

27-1014 Special Effects Artists and Animators

Occupation Description: Create special effects or animations using film, video, computers, or other electronic tools and media for use in products, such as computer games, movies, music videos, and commercials. Alternate Job Title(s): 3D Animator; Special Effects Artist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 61 59 -3.3 -2 29 28 55 $72,310

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Information. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 50% and 59%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Design complex graphics and animation, using independent judgment, creativity, and computer equipment. Create basic designs, drawings, and illustrations for product labels, cartons, direct mail, or television. Participate in design and production of multimedia campaigns, handling budgeting and scheduling, and assisting with such responsibilities as production coordination, background design, and progress tracking. Create two-dimensional and three-dimensional images depicting objects in motion or illustrating a process, using computer animation or modeling programs. Make objects or characters appear lifelike by manipulating light, color, texture, shadow, and transparency, or manipulating static images to give the illusion of motion.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Thinking Creatively Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Artistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Cooperation English Language Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Integrity Design Speaking Visualization Adaptability/Flexibility Communications and Media Active Learning Near Vision Achievement/Effort Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 102 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

27-1023 Floral Designers

Occupation Description: Design, cut, and arrange live, dried, or artificial flowers and foliage. Alternate Job Title(s): Corsage Maker; Florist; Flower Arranger

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 204 169 -17.2 -35 58 103 126 $27,830

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Confer with clients regarding price and type of arrangement desired and the date, time, and place of delivery. Select flora and foliage for arrangements, working with numerous combinations to synthesize and develop new creations. Order and purchase flowers and supplies from wholesalers and growers. Deliver arrangements to customers, or oversee employees responsible for deliveries. Plan arrangement according to client's requirements, utilizing knowledge of design and properties of materials, or select appropriate standard design pattern.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Thinking Creatively Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Deal With External Customers [Extremely important] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Artistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Expression Attention to Detail Production and Processing Social Perceptiveness Visualization Integrity Sales and Marketing Service Orientation Near Vision Cooperation Design Time Management Speech Clarity Concern for Others English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 103 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

27-1024 Graphic Designers

Occupation Description: Design or create graphics to meet specific commercial or promotional needs, such as packaging, displays, or logos. May use a variety of mediums to achieve artistic or decorative effects. Excludes Web and Digital Interface Designers (15-1255). Alternate Job Title(s): Graphic Artist; Visual Designer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 628 619 -1.4 -9 193 344 528 $44,240

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Determine size and arrangement of illustrative material and copy, and select style and size of type. Confer with clients to discuss and determine layout design. Create designs, concepts, and sample layouts, based on knowledge of layout principles and esthetic design concepts. Develop graphics and layouts for product illustrations, company logos, and Web sites. Use computer software to generate new images.

Top Generalized Work Activities Thinking Creatively Getting Information Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Artistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Originality Attention to Detail Design Critical Thinking Near Vision Innovation Communications and Media Speaking Fluency of Ideas Initiative English Language Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Dependability Fine Arts Active Learning Oral Expression Achievement/Effort Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 104 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

27-2012 Producers and Directors

Occupation Description: Produce or direct stage, television, radio, video, or film productions for entertainment, information, or instruction. Responsible for creative decisions, such as interpretation of script, choice of actors or guests, set design, sound, special effects, and choreography. Alternate Job Title(s): Casting Director; Independent Film Maker; Stage Manager

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 140 144 2.94 27 88 119 $47,740

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 96.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Information. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Write and edit news stories from information collected by reporters and other sources. Plan details such as framing, composition, camera movement, sound, and actor movement for each shot or scene. Communicate to actors the approach, characterization, and movement needed for each scene in such a way that rehearsals and takes are minimized. Direct live broadcasts, films and recordings, or non-broadcast programming for public entertainment or education. Coordinate the activities of writers, directors, managers, and other personnel throughout the production process.

Top Generalized Work Activities Thinking Creatively Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Communications and Media Critical Thinking Oral Expression Stress Tolerance English Language Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Leadership Administration and Management Monitoring Written Comprehension Integrity Computers and Electronics Coordination Speech Recognition Dependability Telecommunications

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 105 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

27-2041 Music Directors and Composers

Occupation Description: Conduct, direct, plan, and lead instrumental or vocal performances by musical artists or groups, such as orchestras, bands, choirs, and glee clubs; or create original works of music. Alternate Job Title(s): Choirmaster; Orchestra Conductor; Orchestrator; Songwriter

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 157 151 -3.8 -6 86 78 158 N/A

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration). The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Use gestures to shape the music being played, communicating desired tempo, phrasing, tone, color, pitch, volume, and other performance aspects. Direct groups at rehearsals and live or recorded performances to achieve desired effects such as tonal and harmonic balance dynamics, rhythm, and tempo. Study scores to learn the music in detail, and to develop interpretations. Apply elements of music theory to create musical and tonal structures, including harmonies and melodies. Consider such factors as ensemble size and abilities, availability of scores, and the need for musical variety, to select music to be performed.

Top Generalized Work Activities Thinking Creatively Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Artistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Hearing Sensitivity Dependability Fine Arts Active Listening Originality Cooperation English Language Judgment and Decision Making Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service Coordination Fluency of Ideas Innovation Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 106 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

27-2042 Musicians and Singers

Occupation Description: Play one or more musical instruments or sing. May perform on stage, for broadcasting, or for sound or video recording. Alternate Job Title(s): Instrumentalist; Oboist; Rapper

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 356 343 -3.7 -13 196 177 360 N/A

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration). The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Sing a cappella or with musical accompaniment. Perform before live audiences in concerts, recitals, educational presentations, and other social gatherings. Interpret or modify music, applying knowledge of harmony, melody, rhythm, and voice production to individualize presentations and maintain audience interest. Specialize in playing a specific family of instruments or a particular type of music. Sing as a soloist or as a member of a vocal group.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Artistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Hearing Sensitivity Dependability Fine Arts Speaking Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Critical Thinking Oral Expression Cooperation Social Perceptiveness Auditory Attention Persistence Coordination Speech Clarity Achievement/Effort

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 107 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

27-3011 Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys

Occupation Description: Speak or read from scripted materials, such as news reports or commercial messages, on radio, television, or other communications media. May play and queue music, announce artist or title of performance, identify station, or interview guests. Excludes News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists (27-3023). Alternate Job Title(s): Game Show Host; Radio Disc Jockey; Talk Show Host

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 236 198 -16.1 -38 85 130 177 $38,680

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Information. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Operate control consoles. Record commercials for later broadcast. Announce musical selections, station breaks, commercials, or public service information, and accept requests from listening audience. Study background information to prepare for programs or interviews. Read news flashes to inform audiences of important events.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Frequency of Decision Making [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Artistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Dependability Communications and Media Reading Comprehension Speech Clarity Integrity English Language Active Listening Written Comprehension Stress Tolerance Computers and Electronics Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Social Perceptiveness Speech Recognition Adaptability/Flexibility Telecommunications

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 108 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

27-3023 News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists

Occupation Description: Narrate or write news stories, reviews, or commentary for print, broadcast, or other communications media such as newspapers, magazines, radio, or television. May collect and analyze information through interview, investigation, or observation. Alternate Job Title(s): Columnist; Correspondent; Film Critic; News Anchor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 254 198 -22.0 -56 63 161 168 $46,790

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Information. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Write commentaries, columns, or scripts, using computers. Coordinate and serve as an anchor on news broadcast programs. Examine news items of local, national, and international significance to determine topics to address, or obtain assignments from editorial staff members. Analyze and interpret news and information received from various sources to broadcast the information. Receive assignments or evaluate leads or tips to develop story ideas.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Communicating with Persons Outside Organization Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Time Pressure [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Artistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Speech Clarity Dependability English Language Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Attention to Detail Communications and Media Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Law and Government Writing Written Comprehension Initiative Computers and Electronics Critical Thinking Written Expression Stress Tolerance Telecommunications

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 109 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

27-3041 Editors

Occupation Description: Plan, coordinate, revise, or edit written material. May review proposals and drafts for possible publication. Alternate Job Title(s): Advertising Editor; Copy Editor; Technical Editor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 127 99 -22.0 -28 34 72 78 $70,620

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Information. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Read copy or proof to detect and correct errors in spelling, punctuation, and syntax. Verify facts, dates, and statistics, using standard reference sources. Read, evaluate and edit manuscripts or other materials submitted for publication and confer with authors regarding changes in content, style or organization, or publication. Develop story or content ideas, considering reader or audience appeal. Prepare, rewrite and edit copy to improve readability, or supervise others who do this work.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Artistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Writing Written Expression Integrity Communications and Media Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Cooperation Administration and Management Active Listening Oral Expression Adaptability/Flexibility Clerical Speaking Fluency of Ideas Dependability Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 110 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

27-3042 Technical Writers

Occupation Description: Write technical materials, such as equipment manuals, appendices, or operating and maintenance instructions. May assist in layout work. Alternate Job Title(s): Documentation Writer; Specifications Writer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 70 82 17.112 24 42 78 $71,530

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 15.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 84.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Organize material and complete writing assignment according to set standards regarding order, clarity, conciseness, style, and terminology. Maintain records and files of work and revisions. Edit, standardize, or make changes to material prepared by other writers or establishment personnel. Select photographs, drawings, sketches, diagrams, and charts to illustrate material. Interview production and engineering personnel and read journals and other material to become familiar with product technologies and production methods.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Artistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Writing Written Expression Attention to Detail English Language Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Dependability Computers and Electronics Active Listening Near Vision Integrity Clerical Speaking Oral Comprehension Cooperation Communications and Media Critical Thinking Oral Expression Initiative Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 111 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

27-3043 Writers and Authors

Occupation Description: Originate and prepare written material, such as scripts, stories, advertisements, and other material. Excludes News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists (27-3023), Public Relations Specialists (27-3031), and Technical Writers (27- 3042). Alternate Job Title(s): Advertising Copy Writer; Playwright; Television Writer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 275 264 -4.0 -11 111 137 237 $53,350

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 20% and 29%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Discuss with the client the product, advertising themes and methods, and any changes that should be made in advertising copy. Present drafts and ideas to clients. Vary language and tone of messages based on product and medium. Develop advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, working with an advertising agency's creative director and art director to determine the best way to present advertising information. Write articles, bulletins, sales letters, speeches, and other related informative, marketing and promotional material.

Top Generalized Work Activities Thinking Creatively Getting Information Communicating with Persons Outside Organization

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Writing Written Expression Dependability Communications and Media Active Listening Oral Comprehension Innovation Sales and Marketing Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Near Vision Cooperation Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 112 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

27-3092 Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners

Occupation Description: Use verbatim methods and equipment to capture, store, retrieve, and transcribe pretrial and trial proceedings or other information. Includes stenocaptioners who operate computerized stenographic captioning equipment to provide captions of live or prerecorded broadcasts for hearing-impaired viewers. Alternate Job Title(s): Court Stenographer; Court Transcriber; Deposition Reporter; Realtime Captioner

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 72 70 -2.8 -2 24 33 55 $54,330

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Record verbatim proceedings of courts, legislative assemblies, committee meetings, and other proceedings, using computerized recording equipment, electronic stenograph machines, or stenomasks. Proofread transcripts for correct spelling of words. Ask speakers to clarify inaudible statements. Provide transcripts of proceedings upon request of judges, lawyers, or the public. Transcribe recorded proceedings in accordance with established formats.

Top Generalized Work Activities Documenting/Recording Information Interacting With Computers Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Writing Speech Recognition Dependability Clerical Reading Comprehension Written Expression Independence Computers and Electronics Time Management Near Vision Integrity Law and Government Speaking Oral Expression Self Control Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 113 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

27-4011 Audio and Video Technicians

Occupation Description: Set up, maintain, and dismantle audio and video equipment, such as microphones, sound speakers, connecting wires and cables, sound and mixing boards, video cameras, video monitors and servers, and related electronic equipment for live or recorded events, such as concerts, meetings, conventions, presentations, podcasts, news conferences, and sporting events. Excludes Sound Engineering Technicians (27-4014), Lighting Technicians (27- 4015), and Audiovisual Equipment Installers and Repairers (49-2097). Alternate Job Title(s): Video Control Operator; Video Production Assistant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 85 96 12.911 29 60 100 $42,440

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Real Estate and Rental and Leasing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Notify supervisors when major equipment repairs are needed. Diagnose and resolve media system problems. Direct and coordinate activities of assistants and other personnel during production. Compress, digitize, duplicate, and store audio and video data. Install, adjust, and operate electronic equipment to record, edit, and transmit radio and television programs, motion pictures, video conferencing, or multimedia presentations.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Coordinate or Lead Others [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Near Vision Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Operation Monitoring Oral Expression Dependability Communications and Media Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Adaptability/Flexibility English Language Critical Thinking Information Ordering Cooperation Telecommunications Complex Problem Solving Oral Comprehension Integrity Fine Arts

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 114 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

27-4012 Broadcast Technicians

Occupation Description: Set up, operate, and maintain the electronic equipment used to acquire, edit, and transmit audio and video for radio or television programs. Control and adjust incoming and outgoing broadcast signals to regulate sound volume, signal strength, and signal clarity. Operate satellite, microwave, or other transmitter equipment to broadcast radio or television programs. Alternate Job Title(s): Broadcast Engineer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 135 126 -6.7 -9 42 87 120 $40,190

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Information. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Report equipment problems, ensure that repairs are made, and make emergency repairs to equipment when necessary and possible. Monitor and log transmitter readings. Maintain programming logs as required by station management and the Federal Communications Commission. Monitor strength, clarity, and reliability of incoming and outgoing signals and adjust equipment as necessary to maintain quality broadcasts. Observe monitors and converse with station personnel to determine audio and video levels and to ascertain that programs are airing.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Near Vision Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Dependability Telecommunications Operation Monitoring Written Comprehension Cooperation Engineering and Technology Monitoring Oral Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility Communications and Media Complex Problem Solving Oral Expression Stress Tolerance English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 115 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

27-4021 Photographers

Occupation Description: Photograph people, landscapes, merchandise, or other subjects. May use lighting equipment to enhance a subject's appearance. May use editing software to produce finished images and prints. Includes commercial and industrial photographers, scientific photographers, and photojournalists. Excludes Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film (27-4031). Alternate Job Title(s): Aerial Photographer; Medical Photographer; Portrait Photographer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 205 157 -23.4 -48 68 90 110 $40,590

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 30% and 39%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Use traditional or digital cameras, along with a variety of equipment, such as tripods, filters, and flash attachments. Determine desired images and picture composition, selecting and adjusting subjects, equipment, and lighting to achieve desired effects. Adjust apertures, shutter speeds, and camera focus according to a combination of factors, such as lighting, field depth, subject motion, film type, and film speed. Create artificial light, using flashes and reflectors. Manipulate and enhance scanned or digital images to create desired effects, using computers and specialized software.

Top Generalized Work Activities Thinking Creatively Interacting With Computers Selling or Influencing Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Level of Competition [Extremely competitive]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Artistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Expression Attention to Detail Sales and Marketing Service Orientation Originality Cooperation Computers and Electronics Social Perceptiveness Visualization Adaptability/Flexibility Fine Arts Judgment and Decision Making Far Vision Self Control English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 116 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

27-4031 Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film

Occupation Description: Operate television, video, or film camera to record images or scenes for television, video, or film productions. Alternate Job Title(s): News Videographer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 61 68 11.57 17 37 61 N/A

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Information. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Information. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Compose and frame each shot, applying the technical aspects of light, lenses, film, filters, and camera settings to achieve the effects sought by directors. Operate television or motion picture cameras to record scenes for television broadcasts, advertising, or motion pictures. Adjust positions and controls of cameras, printers, and related equipment to change focus, exposure, and lighting. Confer with directors, sound and lighting technicians, electricians, and other crew members to discuss assignments and determine filming sequences, desired effects, camera movements, and lighting requirements. Operate zoom lenses, changing images according to specifications and rehearsal instructions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Thinking Creatively Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Visualization Attention to Detail English Language Coordination Far Vision Dependability Computers and Electronics Speaking Near Vision Cooperation Communications and Media Judgment and Decision Making Oral Expression Achievement/Effort Telecommunications Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Persistence

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 117 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

49-2022 Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers

Occupation Description: Install, set up, rearrange, or remove switching, distribution, routing, and dialing equipment used in central offices or headends. Service or repair telephone, cable television, Internet, and other communications equipment on customers' property. May install communications equipment or communications wiring in buildings. Excludes Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers (49-9052). Alternate Job Title(s): Fiber Optic Central Office Installer; Private Branch Exchange (PBX ) Installer and Repairer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 607 661 8.954 192 446 692 $61,860

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Information. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Information. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Demonstrate equipment to customers and explain how it is to be used, and respond to any inquiries or complaints. Test circuits and components of malfunctioning telecommunications equipment to isolate sources of malfunctions, using test meters, circuit diagrams, polarity probes, and other hand tools. Test repaired, newly installed, or updated equipment to ensure that it functions properly and conforms to specifications, using test equipment and observation. Climb poles and ladders, use truck-mounted booms, and enter areas such as manholes and cable vaults to install, maintain, or inspect equipment. Assemble and install communication equipment such as data and telephone communication lines, wiring, switching equipment, wiring frames, power apparatus, computer systems, and networks.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Troubleshooting Near Vision Dependability Customer and Personal Service Repairing Problem Sensitivity Integrity Telecommunications Quality Control Analysis Visual Color Discrimination Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Cooperation English Language Operation Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Adaptability/Flexibility Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 118 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

49-9052 Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers

Occupation Description: Install and repair telecommunications cable, including fiber optics. Alternate Job Title(s): Cable Television Installer; FIOS Line Installer; Telephone Cable Splicer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 268 285 6.317 59 211 287 $67,760

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Information. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Set up service for customers, installing, connecting, testing, or adjusting equipment. Travel to customers' premises to install, maintain, or repair audio and visual electronic reception equipment or accessories. Measure signal strength at utility poles, using electronic test equipment. Inspect or test lines or cables, recording and analyzing test results, to assess transmission characteristics and locate faults or malfunctions. Splice cables, using hand tools, epoxy, or mechanical equipment.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing General Physical Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Complex Problem Solving Oral Expression Dependability Telecommunications Operation Monitoring Near Vision Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Comprehension Cooperation English Language Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Self Control Public Safety and Security Judgment and Decision Making Extent Flexibility Integrity Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 119 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

51-5112 Printing Press Operators

Occupation Description: Set up and operate digital, letterpress, lithographic, flexographic, gravure, or other printing machines. Includes short- run offset printing presses. Alternate Job Title(s): Gravure Press Operator; Offset Press Operator; Web Press Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 377 332 -11.9 -45 131 214 300 $35,340

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Start presses and pull proofs to check for ink coverage and density, alignment, and registration. Examine job orders to determine quantities to be printed, stock specifications, colors, or special printing instructions. Adjust ink fountain flow rates. Verify that paper and ink meet the specifications for a given job. Collect and inspect random samples during print runs to identify any necessary adjustments.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Making Decisions and Solving Problems Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Time Pressure [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Quality Control Analysis Near Vision Attention to Detail Mechanical Operation Monitoring Control Precision Dependability Production and Processing Operation and Control Problem Sensitivity Independence Monitoring Manual Dexterity Integrity Reading Comprehension Arm-Hand Steadiness Stress Tolerance

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 120 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications

51-5113 Print Binding and Finishing Workers

Occupation Description: Bind books and other publications or finish printed products by hand or machine. May set up binding and finishing machines. Alternate Job Title(s): Bookbinder; Bookbinding Machine Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 71 60 -15.5 -11 37 41 67 $38,890

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Examine stitched, collated, bound, or unbound product samples for defects, such as imperfect bindings, ink spots, torn pages, loose pages, or loose or uncut threads. Read work orders to determine instructions and specifications for machine set-up. Install or adjust bindery machine devices, such as knives, guides, rollers, rounding forms, creasing rams, or clamps, to accommodate sheets, signatures, or books of specified sizes. Trim edges of books to size, using cutting machines, book trimming machines, or hand cutters. Stitch or glue endpapers, bindings, backings, or signatures, using sewing machines, glue machines, or glue and brushes.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Getting Information Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Administration and Management Critical Thinking Near Vision Integrity Production and Processing Reading Comprehension Finger Dexterity Independence Mechanical Judgment and Decision Making Arm-Hand Steadiness Dependability Customer and Personal Service Monitoring Oral Comprehension Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 121 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

11-1011 Chief Executives

Occupation Description: Determine and formulate policies and provide overall direction of companies or private and public sector organizations within guidelines set up by a board of directors or similar governing body. Plan, direct, or coordinate operational activities at the highest level of management with the help of subordinate executives and staff managers. Alternate Job Title(s): Admiral; Chief Financial Officer; Chief Operating Officer; Governor; School Superintendent; University President

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 2,260 2,112 -6.5 -148 575 767 1,194 $163,790

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Direct or coordinate an organization's financial or budget activities to fund operations, maximize investments, or increase efficiency. Appoint department heads or managers and assign or delegate responsibilities to them. Analyze operations to evaluate performance of a company or its staff in meeting objectives or to determine areas of potential cost reduction, program improvement, or policy change. Direct, plan, or implement policies, objectives, or activities of organizations or businesses to ensure continuing operations, to maximize returns on investments, or to increase productivity. Prepare budgets for approval, including those for funding or implementation of programs.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Judgment and Decision Making Oral Comprehension Leadership Administration and Management Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Personnel and Human Resources Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Initiative Customer and Personal Service Complex Problem Solving Written Expression Stress Tolerance English Language Management of Personnel Resources Deductive Reasoning Dependability Law and Government

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 122 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

11-1021 General and Operations Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate the operations of public or private sector organizations, overseeing multiple departments or locations. Duties and responsibilities include formulating policies, managing daily operations, and planning the use of materials and human resources, but are too diverse and general in nature to be classified in any one functional area of management or administration, such as personnel, purchasing, or administrative services. Usually manage through subordinate supervisors. Excludes first-line supervisors. Alternate Job Title(s): Department Store Manager; General Superintendent; Operational Risk Manager; Radio Station Manager

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 8,130 8,724 7.3594 1,711 4,547 6,852 $102,850

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Wholesale Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Review financial statements, sales or activity reports, or other performance data to measure productivity or goal achievement or to identify areas needing cost reduction or program improvement. Direct and coordinate activities of businesses or departments concerned with the production, pricing, sales, or distribution of products. Direct administrative activities directly related to making products or providing services. Prepare staff work schedules and assign specific duties. Monitor suppliers to ensure that they efficiently and effectively provide needed goods or services within budgetary limits.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Coordination Written Comprehension Leadership Administration and Management Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Dependability Customer and Personal Service Social Perceptiveness Speech Clarity Initiative Personnel and Human Resources Speaking Oral Expression Stress Tolerance English Language Active Listening Oral Comprehension Self Control Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 123 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

11-3010 Administrative Services and Facilities Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate one or more administrative services of an organization, such as records and information management, mail distribution, facilities planning and maintenance, custodial operations, and other office support services. Medical records administrators are included in Medical and Health Services Managers (11-9111). Excludes Purchasing Managers (11-3061). Alternate Job Title(s): N/A

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 432 461 6.729 125 196 350 $89,860

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare and review operational reports and schedules to ensure accuracy and efficiency. Set goals and deadlines for the department. Acquire, distribute and store supplies. Analyze internal processes and recommend and implement procedural or policy changes to improve operations, such as supply changes or the disposal of records. Conduct classes to teach procedures to staff.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Time Management Written Comprehension Dependability Administration and Management Active Listening Oral Expression Self Control English Language Speaking Written Expression Stress Tolerance Clerical Coordination Speech Recognition Attention to Detail Personnel and Human Resources

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 124 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

11-3021 Computer and Information Systems Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as electronic data processing, information systems, systems analysis, and computer programming. Excludes Computer Occupations (15-1211 through 15-1299). Alternate Job Title(s): Chief Technology Officer; Information Technology Systems Director; Management Information Systems Director

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 485 542 11.857 84 255 396 $120,860

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 14.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 85.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Direct daily operations of department, analyzing workflow, establishing priorities, developing standards and setting deadlines. Meet with department heads, managers, supervisors, vendors, and others, to solicit cooperation and resolve problems. Review project plans to plan and coordinate project activity. Assign and review the work of systems analysts, programmers, and other computer-related workers. Provide users with technical support for computer problems.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Making Decisions and Solving Problems Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Oral Expression Integrity Computers and Electronics Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Written Comprehension Dependability Administration and Management Monitoring Inductive Reasoning Initiative Engineering and Technology Judgment and Decision Making Deductive Reasoning Cooperation English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 125 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

11-3051 Industrial Production Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate the work activities and resources necessary for manufacturing products in accordance with cost, quality, and quantity specifications. Alternate Job Title(s): Manufacturing Director; Plant Manager; Production Control Manager

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 476 533 12.057 97 208 362 $103,740

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 15.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 84.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Review processing schedules or production orders to make decisions concerning inventory requirements, staffing requirements, work procedures, or duty assignments, considering budgetary limitations and time constraints. Develop or implement production tracking or quality control systems, analyzing production, quality control, maintenance, or other operational reports to detect production problems. Direct or coordinate production, processing, distribution, or marketing activities of industrial organizations. Review operations and confer with technical or administrative staff to resolve production or processing problems. Hire, train, evaluate, or discharge staff or resolve personnel grievances.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Leadership Production and Processing Speaking Oral Comprehension Dependability Administration and Management Critical Thinking Deductive Reasoning Integrity Customer and Personal Service Time Management Information Ordering Stress Tolerance Personnel and Human Resources Coordination Inductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 126 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

11-3061 Purchasing Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate the activities of buyers, purchasing officers, and related workers involved in purchasing materials, products, and services. Includes wholesale or retail trade merchandising managers and procurement managers. Alternate Job Title(s): Contracting Manager; Procurement Manager; Purchasing Director

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 87 96 10.39 20 43 72 $133,330

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 87.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Represent companies in negotiating contracts and formulating policies with suppliers. Develop cost reduction strategies and savings plans. Develop and implement purchasing and contract management instructions, policies, and procedures. Prepare bid awards requiring board approval. Direct and coordinate activities of personnel engaged in buying, selling, and distributing materials, equipment, machinery, and supplies.

Top Generalized Work Activities Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension Integrity Administration and Management Speaking Fluency of Ideas Attention to Detail English Language Active Listening Written Comprehension Leadership Mathematics Critical Thinking Oral Expression Cooperation Economics and Accounting Judgment and Decision Making Deductive Reasoning Analytical Thinking Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 127 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

11-3121 Human Resources Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate human resources activities and staff of an organization. Excludes managers who primarily focus on compensation and benefits (11-3111) and training and development (11-3131). Alternate Job Title(s): Job Analysis Manager; Labor Relations Director; Personnel Manager; Position Description Manager

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 235 263 11.928 55 125 208 $116,000

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 13.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 86.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Management of Companies and Enterprises. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Management of Companies and Enterprises. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Serve as a link between management and employees by handling questions, interpreting and administering contracts and helping resolve work- related problems. Advise managers on organizational policy matters, such as equal employment opportunity and sexual harassment, and recommend needed changes. Analyze and modify compensation and benefits policies to establish competitive programs and ensure compliance with legal requirements. Perform difficult staffing duties, including dealing with understaffing, refereeing disputes, firing employees, and administering disciplinary procedures. Represent organization at personnel-related hearings and investigations.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Staffing Organizational Units

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Management of Personnel ResourcesOral Comprehension Integrity Personnel and Human Resources Speaking Oral Expression Self Control Administration and Management Active Listening Written Comprehension Leadership English Language Judgment and Decision Making Written Expression Dependability Law and Government Reading Comprehension Speech Recognition Initiative Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 128 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

11-3131 Training and Development Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate the training and development activities and staff of an organization. Alternate Job Title(s): E-Learning Manager; Employee Development Director; Labor Training Manager

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 74 79 6.85 17 42 64 $88,470

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Analyze training needs to develop new training programs or modify and improve existing programs. Evaluate instructor performance and the effectiveness of training programs, providing recommendations for improvement. Plan, develop, and provide training and staff development programs, using knowledge of the effectiveness of methods such as classroom training, demonstrations, on-the-job training, meetings, conferences, and workshops. Prepare training budget for department or organization. Confer with management and conduct surveys to identify training needs based on projected production processes, changes, and other factors.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Learning Strategies Oral Expression Integrity Education and Training Instructing Oral Comprehension Leadership English Language Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Initiative Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Written Expression Dependability Administration and Management Speaking Fluency of Ideas Adaptability/Flexibility Personnel and Human Resources

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 129 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

13-1071 Human Resources Specialists

Occupation Description: Recruit, screen, interview, or place individuals within an organization. May perform other activities in multiple human resources areas. Excludes Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists (13-1141) and Training and Development Specialists (13-1151). Alternate Job Title(s): Human Resources Generalist; Personnel Recruiter; Staffing Coordinator; Student Recruiter; Volunteer Coordinator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,422 1,552 9.1130 408 881 1,419 $62,420

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 9.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Interpret and explain human resources policies, procedures, laws, standards, or regulations. Hire employees and process hiring-related paperwork. Maintain current knowledge of Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) and affirmative action guidelines and laws, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Prepare or maintain employment records related to events, such as hiring, termination, leaves, transfers, or promotions, using human resources management system software. Address employee relations issues, such as harassment allegations, work complaints, or other employee concerns.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Interacting With Computers Performing Administrative Activities

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Integrity Personnel and Human Resources Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Cooperation Clerical Active Listening Oral Expression Attention to Detail Administration and Management Critical Thinking Written Expression Self Control English Language Writing Speech Recognition Dependability Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 130 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

13-1075 Labor Relations Specialists

Occupation Description: Resolve disputes between workers and managers, negotiate collective bargaining agreements, or coordinate grievance procedures to handle employee complaints. Excludes equal employment opportunity (EEO) officers, who are included in Compliance Officers (13-1041). Alternate Job Title(s): Employee Relations Specialist; Labor Relations Consultant; Union Representative

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 134 116 -13.4 -18 34 74 90 $75,230

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration). The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Negotiate collective bargaining agreements. Monitor company or workforce adherence to labor agreements. Present the position of the company or of labor during arbitration or other labor negotiations. Write letters related to labor relations activities, such as letters to amend collective bargaining agreements, letters of dispute or conciliation, or letters to seek clarification of contract terms. Draft contract proposals or counter-proposals for collective bargaining or other labor negotiations.

Top Generalized Work Activities Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others Making Decisions and Solving Problems Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity English Language Speaking Oral Comprehension Dependability Personnel and Human Resources Negotiation Written Comprehension Analytical Thinking Law and Government Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Administration and Management Writing Deductive Reasoning Initiative Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 131 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

13-1111 Management Analysts

Occupation Description: Conduct organizational studies and evaluations, design systems and procedures, conduct work simplification and measurement studies, and prepare operations and procedures manuals to assist management in operating more efficiently and effectively. Includes program analysts and management consultants. Excludes Computer Systems Analysts (15-1211) and Operations Research Analysts (15-2031). Alternate Job Title(s): Business Management Analyst; Business Process Consultant; Industrial Analyst; University Institutional Researcher

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 668 752 12.684 229 368 681 $78,110

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 87.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Document findings of study and prepare recommendations for implementation of new systems, procedures, or organizational changes. Interview personnel and conduct on-site observation to ascertain unit functions, work performed, and methods, equipment, and personnel used. Analyze data gathered and develop solutions or alternative methods of proceeding. Plan study of work problems and procedures, such as organizational change, communications, information flow, integrated production methods, inventory control, or cost analysis. Confer with personnel concerned to ensure successful functioning of newly implemented systems or procedures.

Top Generalized Work Activities Provide Consultation and Advice to Others Making Decisions and Solving Problems Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Spend Time Sitting [More than half the time]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Analytical Thinking Administration and Management Active Listening Written Comprehension Integrity English Language Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Adaptability/Flexibility Customer and Personal Service Judgment and Decision Making Written Expression Initiative Education and Training Speaking Inductive Reasoning Cooperation Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 132 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

13-1121 Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners

Occupation Description: Coordinate activities of staff, convention personnel, or clients to make arrangements for group meetings, events, or conventions. Alternate Job Title(s): Conference Planner; Corporate Meeting Planner; Wedding Planner

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 210 218 3.88 63 147 218 $43,860

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 96.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration). Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Consult with customers to determine objectives and requirements for events, such as meetings, conferences, and conventions. Review event bills for accuracy and approve payment. Coordinate services for events, such as accommodation and transportation for participants, facilities, catering, signage, displays, special needs requirements, printing and event security. Arrange the availability of audio-visual equipment, transportation, displays, and other event needs. Confer with staff at a chosen event site to coordinate details.

Top Generalized Work Activities Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work Making Decisions and Solving Problems Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Written Comprehension Dependability English Language Speaking Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Communications and Media Social Perceptiveness Written Expression Cooperation Clerical Service Orientation Speech Recognition Adaptability/Flexibility Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 133 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

13-1131 Fundraisers

Occupation Description: Organize activities to raise funds or otherwise solicit and gather monetary donations or other gifts for an organization. May design and produce promotional materials. May also raise awareness of the organization's work, goals, and financial needs. Alternate Job Title(s): Campaign Fundraiser; Donor Relations Officer; Fundraising Officer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 306 345 12.739 99 194 332 $61,730

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Identify and build relationships with potential donors. Write and send letters of thanks to donors. Secure commitments of participation or donation from individuals or corporate donors. Develop fundraising activity plans that maximize participation or contributions and minimize costs. Develop strategies to encourage new or increased contributions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Communicating with Persons Outside Organization Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service Writing Written Expression Dependability English Language Persuasion Oral Comprehension Persistence Administration and Management Active Listening Speech Recognition Attention to Detail Sales and Marketing Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Initiative Communications and Media

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 134 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

13-1141 Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists

Occupation Description: Conduct programs of compensation and benefits and job analysis for employer. May specialize in specific areas, such as position classification and pension programs. Alternate Job Title(s): Employee Benefits Specialist; Job Analyst; Retirement Plan Specialist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 102 116 13.714 35 56 105 $64,180

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 13.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 86.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Management of Companies and Enterprises.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Evaluate job positions, determining classification, exempt or non-exempt status, and salary. Ensure company compliance with federal and state laws, including reporting requirements. Prepare occupational classifications, job descriptions, and salary scales. Provide advice on the resolution of classification and salary complaints. Research job and worker requirements, structural and functional relationships among jobs and occupations, and occupational trends.

Top Generalized Work Activities Analyzing Data or Information Getting Information Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Oral Expression Integrity Personnel and Human Resources Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Administration and Management Speaking Written Comprehension Analytical Thinking English Language Active Listening Deductive Reasoning Dependability Mathematics Writing Speech Clarity Adaptability/Flexibility Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 135 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

13-1151 Training and Development Specialists

Occupation Description: Design or conduct work-related training and development programs to improve individual skills or organizational performance. May analyze organizational training needs or evaluate training effectiveness. Excludes Career/Technical Education Teachers, Postsecondary (25-1194) and Other Teachers and Instructors (25-3000). Flight instructors are included with Aircraft Pilots and Flight Engineers (53-2010). Alternate Job Title(s): Computer Software Training Specialist; Computer Training Specialist; Corporate Trainer; Insurance Employee Trainer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 740 837 13.197 244 469 810 $60,030

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Assess training needs through surveys, interviews with employees, focus groups, or consultation with managers, instructors, or customer representatives. Design, plan, organize, or direct orientation and training programs for employees or customers. Offer specific training programs to help workers maintain or improve job skills. Present information with a variety of instructional techniques or formats, such as role playing, simulations, team exercises, group discussions, videos, or lectures. Obtain, organize, or develop training procedure manuals, guides, or course materials, such as handouts or visual materials.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Getting Information Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Instructing Oral Expression Cooperation Education and Training Learning Strategies Oral Comprehension Initiative English Language Speaking Written Expression Dependability Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Written Comprehension Integrity Administration and Management Monitoring Speech Clarity Adaptability/Flexibility Personnel and Human Resources

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 136 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

15-2031 Operations Research Analysts

Occupation Description: Formulate and apply mathematical modeling and other optimizing methods to develop and interpret information that assists management with decisionmaking, policy formulation, or other managerial functions. May collect and analyze data and develop decision support software, services, or products. May develop and supply optimal time, cost, or logistics networks for program evaluation, review, or implementation. Alternate Job Title(s): Operations Analyst; Procedure Analyst; Process Analyst

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 109 141 29.4 32 26 48 106 $75,060

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 30.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 69.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Formulate mathematical or simulation models of problems, relating constants and variables, restrictions, alternatives, conflicting objectives, and their numerical parameters. Perform validation and testing of models to ensure adequacy and reformulate models as necessary. Collaborate with senior managers and decision makers to identify and solve a variety of problems and to clarify management objectives. Present the results of mathematical modeling and data analysis to management or other end users. Collaborate with others in the organization to ensure successful implementation of chosen problem solutions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Analyzing Data or Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Mathematics Mathematical Reasoning Analytical Thinking Mathematics Complex Problem Solving Written Comprehension Integrity English Language Critical Thinking Number Facility Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Active Listening Inductive Reasoning Dependability Engineering and Technology Writing Deductive Reasoning Innovation Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 137 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers

Occupation Description: Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of clerical and administrative support workers. Alternate Job Title(s): Clerical Supervisor; Payroll Supervisor; Teller Supervisor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 2,664 2,665 0.01 987 1,502 2,490 $56,040

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Supervise the work of office, administrative, or customer service employees to ensure adherence to quality standards, deadlines, and proper procedures, correcting errors or problems. Resolve customer complaints or answer customers' questions regarding policies and procedures. Provide employees with guidance in handling difficult or complex problems or in resolving escalated complaints or disputes. Review records or reports pertaining to activities such as production, payroll, or shipping to verify details, monitor work activities, or evaluate performance. Discuss job performance problems with employees to identify causes and issues and to work on resolving problems.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Administration and Management Social Perceptiveness Written Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Coordination Oral Expression Leadership English Language Monitoring Written Expression Self Control Clerical Speaking Speech Clarity Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 138 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-2011 Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service

Occupation Description: Operate telephone business systems equipment or switchboards to relay incoming, outgoing, and interoffice calls. May supply information to callers and record messages. Alternate Job Title(s): Private Branch Exchange Operator; Telephone Answering Service Operator; Telephone Switchboard Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 122 94 -23.0 -28 52 57 81 $30,030

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Answer incoming calls, greeting callers, providing information, transferring calls or taking messages as necessary. Operate communication systems, such as telephone, switchboard, intercom, two-way radio, or public address. Page individuals to inform them of telephone calls, using paging or interoffice communication equipment. Relay or route written or verbal messages. Place telephone calls or arrange conference calls as instructed.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Communicating with Persons Outside Organization

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Telephone [Every day] Deal With External Customers [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Speech Recognition Integrity English Language Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Self Control Telecommunications Service Orientation Speech Clarity Cooperation Clerical Reading Comprehension Near Vision Concern for Others Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 139 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-3031 Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks

Occupation Description: Compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records complete. Perform any combination of routine calculating, posting, and verifying duties to obtain primary financial data for use in maintaining accounting records. May also check the accuracy of figures, calculations, and postings pertaining to business transactions recorded by other workers. Excludes Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks (43-3051). Alternate Job Title(s): Accounts Receivable Clerk; Bookkeeper; Mortgage Accounting Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 5,316 5,187 -2.4 -129 3,157 2,386 5,414 $38,560

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Operate computers programmed with accounting software to record, store, and analyze information. Check figures, postings, and documents for correct entry, mathematical accuracy, and proper codes. Comply with federal, state, and company policies, procedures, and regulations. Operate 10-key calculators, typewriters, and copy machines to perform calculations and produce documents. Receive, record, and bank cash, checks, and vouchers.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Mathematics Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Mathematical Reasoning Attention to Detail Clerical Reading Comprehension Near Vision Integrity Mathematics Active Listening Written Comprehension Cooperation English Language Speaking Written Expression Initiative Economics and Accounting

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 140 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-3051 Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks

Occupation Description: Compile and record employee time and payroll data. May compute employees' time worked, production, and commission. May compute and post wages and deductions, or prepare paychecks. Excludes Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks (43-3031). Alternate Job Title(s): Time and Attendance Clerk; Timekeeper

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 314 309 -1.6 -5 148 158 301 $50,030

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Management of Companies and Enterprises. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Process and issue employee paychecks and statements of earnings and deductions. Compute wages and deductions, and enter data into computers. Review time sheets, work charts, wage computation, and other information to detect and reconcile payroll discrepancies. Compile employee time, production, and payroll data from time sheets and other records. Process paperwork for new employees and enter employee information into the payroll system.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Processing Information Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Importance of Repeating Same Tasks [Extremely important] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Near Vision Integrity Clerical Active Listening Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Speaking Written Comprehension Dependability Mathematics Writing Oral Expression Cooperation Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Written Expression Concern for Others Personnel and Human Resources

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 141 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-3061 Procurement Clerks

Occupation Description: Compile information and records to draw up purchase orders for procurement of materials and services. Excludes Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products (13-1022). Alternate Job Title(s): Procurement Assistant; Purchasing Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 99 90 -9.1 -9 27 55 73 $43,330

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Perform buying duties when necessary. Prepare purchase orders and send copies to suppliers and to departments originating requests. Compare suppliers' bills with bids and purchase orders to verify accuracy. Prepare, maintain, and review purchasing files, reports and price lists. Check shipments when they arrive to ensure that orders have been filled correctly and that goods meet specifications.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Written Comprehension Dependability Clerical Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Expression Cooperation Administration and Management Writing Written Expression Adaptability/Flexibility English Language Complex Problem Solving Information Ordering Independence Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 142 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-4051 Customer Service Representatives

Occupation Description: Interact with customers to provide basic or scripted information in response to routine inquiries about products and services. May handle and resolve general complaints. Excludes individuals whose duties are primarily installation, sales, repair, and technical support. Alternate Job Title(s): Customer Complaint Clerk; Passenger Relations Representative; Warranty Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 6,615 6,698 1.383 3,095 4,833 8,011 $38,310

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 99%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Finance and Insurance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Confer with customers by telephone or in person to provide information about products or services, take or enter orders, cancel accounts, or obtain details of complaints. Check to ensure that appropriate changes were made to resolve customers' problems. Keep records of customer interactions or transactions, recording details of inquiries, complaints, or comments, as well as actions taken. Resolve customers' service or billing complaints by performing activities such as exchanging merchandise, refunding money, or adjusting bills. Complete contract forms, prepare change of address records, or issue service discontinuance orders, using computers.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Interacting With Computers Communicating with Persons Outside Organization

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Electronic Mail [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Expression Cooperation English Language Service Orientation Speech Clarity Integrity Clerical Reading Comprehension Speech Recognition Dependability Computers and Electronics Persuasion Written Expression Concern for Others

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 143 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-4071 File Clerks

Occupation Description: File correspondence, cards, invoices, receipts, and other records in alphabetical or numerical order or according to the filing system used. Locate and remove material from file when requested. Alternate Job Title(s): Document Clerk; Records Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 160 144 -10.0 -16 86 83 153 $34,860

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Scan or read incoming materials to determine how and where they should be classified or filed. Input data, such as file numbers, new or updated information, or document information codes into computer systems to support document and information retrieval. Perform general office activities, such as typing, answering telephones, operating office machines, processing mail, or securing confidential materials. Sort or classify information according to guidelines, such as content, purpose, user criteria, or chronological, alphabetical, or numerical order. Answer questions about records or files.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Information Ordering Attention to Detail Clerical Active Listening Written Comprehension Dependability English Language Critical Thinking Category Flexibility Cooperation Computers and Electronics Time Management Near Vision Integrity Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Oral Comprehension Independence

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 144 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-4111 Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan

Occupation Description: Interview persons by telephone, mail, in person, or by other means for the purpose of completing forms, applications, or questionnaires. Ask specific questions, record answers, and assist persons with completing form. May sort, classify, and file forms. Alternate Job Title(s): Census Taker; Market Research Interviewer; Outpatient Interviewing Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 375 384 2.49 217 217 443 $29,740

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Ask questions in accordance with instructions to obtain various specified information, such as person's name, address, age, religious preference, or state of residency. Contact individuals to be interviewed at home, place of business, or field location, by telephone, mail, or in person. Compile, record, and code results or data from interview or survey, using computer or specified form. Review data obtained from interview for completeness and accuracy. Explain survey objectives and procedures to interviewees and interpret survey questions to help interviewees' comprehension.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Processing Information Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Self Control English Language Speaking Oral Comprehension Integrity Reading Comprehension Speech Clarity Attention to Detail Critical Thinking Speech Recognition Dependability Social Perceptiveness Near Vision Stress Tolerance

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 145 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-4121 Library Assistants, Clerical

Occupation Description: Compile records, and sort, shelve, issue, and receive library materials such as books, electronic media, pictures, cards, slides and microfilm. Locate library materials for loan and replace material in shelving area, stacks, or files according to identification number and title. Register patrons to permit them to borrow books, periodicals, and other library materials. Excludes Library Technicians (25-4031). Alternate Job Title(s): Braille and Talking Books Clerk; Circulation Clerk; Microfilm Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 301 276 -8.3 -25 232 175 382 $26,710

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Sort books, publications, and other items according to established procedure and return them to shelves, files, or other designated storage areas. Open and close library during specified hours and secure library equipment, such as computers and audio-visual equipment. Locate library materials for patrons, including books, periodicals, tape cassettes, Braille volumes, and pictures. Enter and update patrons' records on computers. Answer routine inquiries and refer patrons in need of professional assistance to librarians.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Service Orientation Written Comprehension Cooperation Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Dependability Clerical Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity English Language Writing Information Ordering Concern for Others Education and Training Speaking Near Vision Attention to Detail

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 146 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-4141 New Accounts Clerks

Occupation Description: Interview persons desiring to open accounts in financial institutions. Explain account services available to prospective customers and assist them in preparing applications. Alternate Job Title(s): Banking Services Clerk; New Accounts Banking Representative

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 270 254 -5.9 -16 104 155 243 $42,760

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Perform teller duties as required. Compile information about new accounts, enter account information into computers, and file related forms or other documents. Collect and record customer deposits and fees and issue receipts, using computers. Inform customers of procedures for applying for services, such as ATM cards, direct deposit of checks, and certificates of deposit. Answer customers' questions and explain available services, such as deposit accounts, bonds, and securities.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Sales and Marketing Reading Comprehension Near Vision Cooperation Clerical Service Orientation Written Comprehension Dependability English Language Social Perceptiveness Speech Recognition Initiative Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 147 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-4151 Order Clerks

Occupation Description: Receive and process incoming orders for materials, merchandise, classified ads, or services such as repairs, installations, or rental of facilities. Generally receives orders via mail, phone, fax, or other electronic means. Duties include informing customers of receipt, prices, shipping dates, and delays; preparing contracts; and handling complaints. Excludes Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance (43-5032) who both dispatch and take orders for services. Alternate Job Title(s): Catalogue Clerk; Classified Ad Clerk; Subscription Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 143 129 -9.8 -14 59 84 129 $40,440

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Verify customer and order information for correctness, checking it against previously obtained information as necessary. Receive and respond to customer complaints. Review orders for completeness according to reporting procedures and forward incomplete orders for further processing. Inform customers by mail or telephone of order information, such as unit prices, shipping dates, and any anticipated delays. Obtain customers' names, addresses, and billing information, product numbers, and specifications of items to be purchased, and enter this information on order forms.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Getting Information Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Speaking Written Comprehension Cooperation Clerical Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Dependability English Language Service Orientation Speech Clarity Persistence Computers and Electronics Social Perceptiveness Near Vision Initiative Sales and Marketing

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 148 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-4161 Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping

Occupation Description: Compile and keep personnel records. Record data for each employee, such as address, weekly earnings, absences, amount of sales or production, supervisory reports, and date of and reason for termination. May prepare reports for employment records, file employment records, or search employee files and furnish information to authorized persons. Alternate Job Title(s): HR Clerk; Personnel Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 238 228 -4.2 -10 91 143 224 $41,900

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Process, verify, and maintain personnel related documentation, including staffing, recruitment, training, grievances, performance evaluations, classifications, and employee leaves of absence. Record data for each employee, including such information as addresses, weekly earnings, absences, amount of sales or production, supervisory reports on performance, and dates of and reasons for terminations. Explain company personnel policies, benefits, and procedures to employees or job applicants. Provide assistance in administering employee benefit programs and worker's compensation plans. Answer questions regarding examinations, eligibility, salaries, benefits, and other pertinent information.

Top Generalized Work Activities Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Personnel and Human Resources Active Listening Oral Expression Cooperation Clerical Speaking Written Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Writing Written Expression Integrity Administration and Management Critical Thinking Speech Clarity Concern for Others English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 149 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-4171 Receptionists and Information Clerks

Occupation Description: Answer inquiries and provide information to the general public, customers, visitors, and other interested parties regarding activities conducted at establishment and location of departments, offices, and employees within the organization. Excludes Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service (43-2011). Alternate Job Title(s): Appointment Clerk; Front Desk Receptionist; Land Leasing Information Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,541 1,600 3.859 887 1,002 1,948 $30,090

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Operate telephone switchboard to answer, screen, or forward calls, providing information, taking messages, or scheduling appointments. Greet persons entering establishment, determine nature and purpose of visit, and direct or escort them to specific destinations. Schedule appointments and maintain and update appointment calendars. Hear and resolve complaints from customers or the public. File and maintain records.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Performing Administrative Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Telephone [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Cooperation Clerical Speaking Oral Expression Dependability Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Speech Recognition Attention to Detail English Language Critical Thinking Speech Clarity Integrity Computers and Electronics Reading Comprehension Written Expression Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 150 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-5051 Postal Service Clerks

Occupation Description: Perform any combination of tasks in a United States Postal Service (USPS) post office, such as receive letters and parcels; sell postage and revenue stamps, postal cards, and stamped envelopes; fill out and sell money orders; place mail in pigeon holes of mail rack or in bags; and examine mail for correct postage. Includes postal service clerks employed by USPS contractors. Alternate Job Title(s): Bulk Mail Clerk; Parcel Post Clerk; Postal Service Window Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 363 334 -8.0 -29 149 107 227 $45,000

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Weigh letters and parcels, compute mailing costs based on type, weight, and destination, and affix correct postage. Check mail to ensure correct postage and that packages and letters are in proper condition for mailing. Sort incoming and outgoing mail, according to type and destination, by hand or by operating electronic mail-sorting and scanning devices. Obtain signatures from recipients of registered or special delivery mail. Answer questions regarding mail regulations and procedures, postage rates, and post office boxes.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Getting Information Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Once a week or more but not every day] Deal With External Customers [Very important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Expression Dependability English Language Service Orientation Near Vision Attention to Detail Mathematics Reading Comprehension Speech Recognition Cooperation Sales and Marketing Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Self Control Clerical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 151 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-5052 Postal Service Mail Carriers

Occupation Description: Sort and deliver mail for the United States Postal Service (USPS). Deliver mail on established route by vehicle or on foot. Includes postal service mail carriers employed by USPS contractors. Alternate Job Title(s): Letter Carrier; Mail Deliverer; Rural Route Carrier

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 898 826 -8.0 -72 310 271 509 $50,940

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Scan labels on letters or parcels to confirm receipt. Obtain signed receipts for registered, certified, and insured mail, collect associated charges, and complete any necessary paperwork. Return to the post office with mail collected from homes, businesses, and public mailboxes. Sort mail for delivery, arranging it in delivery sequence. Deliver mail to residences and business establishments along specified routes by walking or driving, using a combination of satchels, carts, cars, and small trucks.

Top Generalized Work Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Performing General Physical Activities Handling and Moving Objects

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment [Every day] Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Near Vision Dependability Customer and Personal Service Speaking Information Ordering Attention to Detail English Language Critical Thinking Trunk Strength Integrity Public Safety and Security Social Perceptiveness Speech Clarity Independence Sales and Marketing Speech Recognition Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 152 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-5053 Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators

Occupation Description: Prepare incoming and outgoing mail for distribution for the United States Postal Service (USPS). Examine, sort, and route mail. Load, operate, and occasionally adjust and repair mail processing, sorting, and canceling machinery. Keep records of shipments, pouches, and sacks, and perform other duties related to mail handling within the postal service. Includes postal service mail sorters and processors employed by USPS contractors. Excludes Postal Service Clerks (43-5051) and Postal Service Mail Carriers (43-5052). Alternate Job Title(s): Flat Sorting Machine Clerk; Mail Forwarding System Markup Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 316 276 -12.7 -40 146 84 190 $45,880

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Clear jams in sorting equipment. Operate various types of equipment, such as computer scanning equipment, addressographs, mimeographs, optical character readers, and bar- code sorters. Sort odd-sized mail by hand, sort mail that other workers have been unable to sort, and segregate items requiring special handling.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing General Physical Activities Handling and Moving Objects Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Time Pressure [Every day] Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Near Vision Integrity English Language Coordination Manual Dexterity Attention to Detail Reading Comprehension Information Ordering Dependability Speaking Static Strength Cooperation Critical Thinking Multilimb Coordination Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 153 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-5071 Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks

Occupation Description: Verify and maintain records on incoming and outgoing shipments involving inventory. Duties include verifying and recording incoming merchandise or material and arranging for the transportation of products. May prepare items for shipment. Excludes Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping (43-5111), Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, except Postal Service (43-9051), and Stockers and Order Fillers (53-7065). Alternate Job Title(s): Incoming Freight Clerk; Route Delivery Clerk; Store Receiving Clerk; Warehouse Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,203 1,164 -3.2 -39 401 652 1,014 $38,220

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Examine shipment contents and compare with records, such as manifests, invoices, or orders, to verify accuracy. Requisition and store shipping materials and supplies to maintain inventory of stock. Prepare documents, such as work orders, bills of lading, or shipping orders, to route materials. Pack, seal, label, or affix postage to prepare materials for shipping, using hand tools, power tools, or postage meter. Record shipment data, such as weight, charges, space availability, damages, or discrepancies, for reporting, accounting, or recordkeeping purposes.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Time Pressure [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Near Vision Attention to Detail Clerical Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Dependability Computers and Electronics Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Cooperation Production and Processing Time Management Information Ordering Integrity Mathematics Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Independence English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 154 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-6011 Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants

Occupation Description: Provide high-level administrative support by conducting research, preparing statistical reports, and handling information requests, as well as performing routine administrative functions such as preparing correspondence, receiving visitors, arranging conference calls, and scheduling meetings. May also train and supervise lower-level clerical staff. Excludes Secretaries (43-6012 through 43-6014). Alternate Job Title(s): Executive Assistant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 611 509 -16.7 -102 288 283 469 $51,760

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Manage and maintain executives' schedules. Make travel arrangements for executives. Prepare invoices, reports, memos, letters, financial statements, and other documents, using word processing, spreadsheet, database, or presentation software. Coordinate and direct office services, such as records, departmental finances, budget preparation, personnel issues, and housekeeping, to aid executives. Answer phone calls and direct calls to appropriate parties or take messages.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Clerical Active Listening Speech Recognition Integrity English Language Speaking Written Expression Dependability Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Written Comprehension Cooperation Computers and Electronics Writing Oral Expression Adaptability/Flexibility Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 155 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-6014 Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive

Occupation Description: Perform routine administrative functions such as drafting correspondence, scheduling appointments, organizing and maintaining paper and electronic files, or providing information to callers. Excludes legal, medical, and executive secretaries (43-6011 through 43-6013). Alternate Job Title(s): Office Secretary; Personal Secretary

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 6,686 6,128 -8.3 -558 3,294 3,243 5,979 $38,070

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Answer telephones and give information to callers, take messages, or transfer calls to appropriate individuals. Greet visitors or callers and handle their inquiries or direct them to the appropriate persons according to their needs. Create, maintain, and enter information into databases. Use computers for various applications, such as database management or word processing. Operate office equipment, such as fax machines, copiers, or phone systems and arrange for repairs when equipment malfunctions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Clerical Speaking Oral Expression Integrity English Language Reading Comprehension Written Expression Cooperation Computers and Electronics Writing Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Time Management Near Vision Concern for Others Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 156 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-9021 Data Entry Keyers

Occupation Description: Operate data entry device, such as keyboard or photo composing perforator. Duties may include verifying data and preparing materials for printing. Excludes Word Processors and Typists (43-9022). Alternate Job Title(s): Data Input Clerk; Data Typist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 377 290 -23.1 -87 142 191 246 $31,880

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Information. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Locate and correct data entry errors, or report them to supervisors. Compile, sort, and verify the accuracy of data before it is entered. Compare data with source documents, or re-enter data in verification format to detect errors. Store completed documents in appropriate locations. Select materials needed to complete work assignments.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Processing Information Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Importance of Repeating Same Tasks [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Near Vision Integrity English Language Active Listening Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Clerical Monitoring Finger Dexterity Dependability Customer and Personal Service Writing Speech Recognition Independence Law and Government Time Management Information Ordering Stress Tolerance

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 157 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-9051 Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service

Occupation Description: Prepare incoming and outgoing mail for distribution. Time-stamp, open, read, sort, and route incoming mail; and address, seal, stamp, fold, stuff, and affix postage to outgoing mail or packages. Duties may also include keeping necessary records and completed forms. Alternate Job Title(s): Direct Mail Clerk; Mailroom Clerk; Packaging Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 194 186 -4.1 -8 91 107 190 $29,880

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Wrap packages or bundles by hand, or by using tying machines. Verify that items are addressed correctly, marked with the proper postage, and in suitable condition for processing. Remove containers of sorted mail or parcels and transfer them to designated areas according to established procedures. Sort and route incoming mail, and collect outgoing mail, using carts as necessary. Determine manner in which mail is to be sent, and prepare it for delivery to mailing facilities.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing General Physical Activities Handling and Moving Objects Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Near Vision Integrity Customer and Personal Service Time Management Oral Comprehension Self Control English Language Monitoring Finger Dexterity Dependability Speaking Manual Dexterity Attention to Detail Critical Thinking Category Flexibility Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 158 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-9061 Office Clerks, General

Occupation Description: Perform duties too varied and diverse to be classified in any specific office clerical occupation, requiring knowledge of office systems and procedures. Clerical duties may be assigned in accordance with the office procedures of individual establishments and may include a combination of answering telephones, bookkeeping, typing or word processing, office machine operation, and filing. Alternate Job Title(s): Administrative Clerk; Office Assistant; Real Estate Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 11,639 11,235 -3.5 -404 6,266 6,231 12,093 $42,310

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Operate office machines, such as photocopiers and scanners, facsimile machines, voice mail systems, and personal computers. Answer telephones, direct calls, and take messages. Communicate with customers, employees, and other individuals to answer questions, disseminate or explain information, take orders, and address complaints. Maintain and update filing, inventory, mailing, and database systems, either manually or using a computer. Compile, copy, sort, and file records of office activities, business transactions, and other activities.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Integrity Clerical Active Listening Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Speaking Written Comprehension Cooperation Customer and Personal Service Writing Written Expression Self Control Administration and Management Time Management Near Vision Dependability

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 159 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Business Management and Administration

43-9071 Office Machine Operators, Except Computer

Occupation Description: Operate one or more of a variety of office machines, such as photocopying, photographic, and duplicating machines, or other office machines. Excludes Billing and Posting Clerks (43-3021) and Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service (43-9051). Alternate Job Title(s): Coin Wrapping Machine Operator; Copy Machine Operator; Scanning Equipment Operators

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 83 72 -13.3 -11 37 41 67 $33,450

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Read job orders to determine the type of work to be done, the quantities to be produced, and the materials needed. Deliver completed work. Place original copies in feed trays, feed originals into feed rolls, or position originals on tables beneath camera lenses. Sort, assemble, and proof completed work. Operate office machines such as high speed business photocopiers, readers, scanners, addressing machines, stencil-cutting machines, microfilm readers or printers, folding and inserting machines, bursters, and binder machines.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Time Pressure [Once a week or more but not every day] Telephone [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Written Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Reading Comprehension Near Vision Dependability Customer and Personal Service Operation Monitoring Information Ordering Adaptability/Flexibility Production and Processing Active Listening Oral Comprehension Cooperation Computers and Electronics Speaking Oral Expression Integrity

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 160 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

11-9031 Education and Childcare Administrators, Preschool and Daycare

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate academic or nonacademic activities of preschools or childcare centers and programs, including before- and after-school care. Excludes Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education (25-2011) and Childcare Workers (39-9011). Alternate Job Title(s): Childcare Center Administrator; Head Start Director; Preschool Director

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 231 237 2.66 58 95 159 $46,510

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 96.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Confer with parents and staff to discuss educational activities and policies and students' behavioral or learning problems. Monitor students' progress and provide students and teachers with assistance in resolving any problems. Recruit, hire, train, and evaluate primary and supplemental staff and recommend personnel actions for programs and services. Teach classes or courses or provide direct care to children. Set educational standards and goals and help establish policies, procedures, and programs to carry them out.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Written Expression Dependability Customer and Personal Service Coordination Deductive Reasoning Stress Tolerance Education and Training Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Integrity Administration and Management Active Listening Oral Expression Self Control English Language Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 161 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

11-9032 Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate the academic, administrative, or auxiliary activities of kindergarten, elementary, or secondary schools. Alternate Job Title(s): Elementary School Principal; High School Principal; Middle School Principal

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 746 807 8.261 192 315 568 $101,020

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Evaluate curricula, teaching methods, and programs to determine their effectiveness, efficiency, and use, and to ensure that school activities comply with federal, state, and local regulations. Observe teaching methods and examine learning materials to evaluate and standardize curricula and teaching techniques, and to determine areas where improvement is needed. Counsel and provide guidance to students regarding personal, academic, vocational, or behavioral issues. Collaborate with teachers to develop and maintain curriculum standards, develop mission statements, and set performance goals and objectives. Direct and coordinate activities of teachers, administrators, and support staff at schools, public agencies, and institutions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Administration and Management Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Leadership Education and Training Critical Thinking Written Expression Self Control Personnel and Human Resources Learning Strategies Deductive Reasoning Initiative Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 162 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

11-9033 Education Administrators, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate student instruction, administration, and services, as well as other research and educational activities, at postsecondary institutions, including universities, colleges, and junior and community colleges. Alternate Job Title(s): Director of Student Services; Provost; University Dean; University Department Chair

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 362 356 -1.7 -6 89 146 229 $125,980

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Design or use assessments to monitor student learning outcomes. Recruit, hire, train, and terminate departmental personnel. Direct, coordinate, and evaluate the activities of personnel, including support staff engaged in administering academic institutions, departments, or alumni organizations. Advise students on issues such as course selection, progress toward graduation, and career decisions. Plan, administer, and control budgets, maintain financial records, and produce financial reports.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Initiative English Language Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Integrity Administration and Management Writing Oral Expression Leadership Education and Training Speaking Written Expression Dependability Customer and Personal Service Instructing Speech Clarity Cooperation Personnel and Human Resources

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 163 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

21-1012 Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors

Occupation Description: Advise and assist students and provide educational and vocational guidance services. Alternate Job Title(s): Admissions Counselor; Career Counselor; Guidance Counselor; Student Services Counselor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 677 731 8.054 229 388 671 $59,740

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Provide crisis intervention to students when difficult situations occur at schools. Confer with parents or guardians, teachers, administrators, and other professionals to discuss children's progress, resolve behavioral, academic, and other problems, and to determine priorities for students and their resource needs. Identify cases of domestic abuse or other family problems and encourage students or parents to seek additional assistance from mental health professionals. Counsel individuals to help them understand and overcome personal, social, or behavioral problems affecting their educational or vocational situations. Counsel students regarding educational issues, such as course and program selection, class scheduling and registration, school adjustment, truancy, study habits, and career planning.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Concern for Others Therapy and Counseling Speaking Oral Comprehension Integrity Psychology Social Perceptiveness Written Comprehension Cooperation Education and Training Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Dependability English Language Service Orientation Written Expression Social Orientation Clerical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 164 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-1011 Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Teach courses in business administration and management, such as accounting, finance, human resources, labor and industrial relations, marketing, and operations research. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. Alternate Job Title(s): Accounting Professor; Finance Professor; Marketing Professor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 162 170 4.98 62 61 131 $99,680

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate or graduate students on topics such as financial accounting, principles of marketing, and operations management. Evaluate and grade students' class work, assignments, and papers. Initiate, facilitate, and moderate classroom discussions. Prepare course materials, such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts. Keep abreast of developments in the field by reading current literature, talking with colleagues, and participating in professional organizations and conferences.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Getting Information Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Integrity English Language Instructing Speech Clarity Analytical Thinking Education and Training Learning Strategies Written Comprehension Independence Administration and Management Reading Comprehension Written Expression Achievement/Effort Economics and Accounting Active Listening Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 165 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-1021 Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Teach courses in computer science. May specialize in a field of computer science, such as the design and function of computers or operations and research analysis. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. Alternate Job Title(s): Computer Information Systems Professor; Information Technology Professor; Java Programming Professor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 128 124 -3.1 -4 47 47 90 $88,160

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare course materials, such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts. Compile, administer, and grade examinations or assign this work to others. Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate or graduate students on topics such as programming, data structures, and software design. Evaluate and grade students' class work, laboratory work, assignments, and papers. Maintain student attendance records, grades, and other required records.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Instructing Oral Expression Integrity Computers and Electronics Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Dependability Education and Training Writing Written Expression Persistence English Language Speaking Written Comprehension Independence Customer and Personal Service Active Learning Deductive Reasoning Achievement/Effort Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 166 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-1022 Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Teach courses pertaining to mathematical concepts, statistics, and actuarial science and to the application of original and standardized mathematical techniques in solving specific problems and situations. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. Alternate Job Title(s): Actuarial Science Professor; Calculus Professor; Statistics Professor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 160 152 -5.0 -8 58 58 108 $78,350

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assign this work to others. Evaluate and grade students' class work, assignments, and papers. Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate or graduate students on topics such as linear algebra, differential equations, and discrete mathematics. Maintain student attendance records, grades, and other required records. Prepare course materials, such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Getting Information Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Mathematics Mathematical Reasoning Analytical Thinking Mathematics Speaking Number Facility Integrity Education and Training Instructing Oral Expression Independence English Language Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Dependability Computers and Electronics Active Listening Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 167 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-1032 Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Teach courses pertaining to the application of physical laws and principles of engineering for the development of machines, materials, instruments, processes, and services. Includes teachers of subjects such as chemical, civil, electrical, industrial, mechanical, mineral, and petroleum engineering. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. Excludes Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary (25-1021). Alternate Job Title(s): Aeronautical Engineering Professor; Civil Engineering Professor; Electrical Engineering Professor; Marine Engineering Professor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 180 182 1.12 67 67 136 $99,090

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Conduct research in a particular field of knowledge and publish findings in professional journals, books, or electronic media. Prepare course materials, such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts. Evaluate and grade students' class work, laboratory work, assignments, and papers. Write grant proposals to procure external research funding. Supervise undergraduate or graduate teaching, internship, and research work.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Thinking Creatively Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Analytical Thinking Engineering and Technology Instructing Speech Clarity Integrity Design Learning Strategies Written Comprehension Dependability Computers and Electronics Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Initiative Mathematics Active Listening Written Expression Adaptability/Flexibility English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 168 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-1041 Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Teach courses in the agricultural sciences. Includes teachers of agronomy, dairy sciences, fisheries management, horticultural sciences, poultry sciences, range management, and agricultural soil conservation. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. Excludes Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary (25-1043). Alternate Job Title(s): Agronomy Professor; Aquaculture and Fisheries Professor; Farm Management Professor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 144 139 -3.5 -5 53 52 100 $85,130

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Keep abreast of developments in the field by reading current literature, talking with colleagues, and participating in professional conferences. Advise students on academic and vocational curricula and on career issues. Supervise undergraduate or graduate teaching, internship, and research work. Supervise laboratory sessions and field work and coordinate laboratory operations. Conduct research in a particular field of knowledge and publish findings in professional journals, books, or electronic media.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Instructing Oral Expression Dependability Biology Speaking Speech Clarity Leadership Education and Training Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Analytical Thinking English Language Learning Strategies Written Comprehension Integrity Administration and Management Active Learning Deductive Reasoning Adaptability/Flexibility Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 169 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-1042 Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Teach courses in biological sciences. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. Alternate Job Title(s): Bacteriology Professor; Biochemistry Professor; Botany Professor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 137 141 2.94 52 51 107 $87,930

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 96.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Evaluate and grade students' class work, laboratory work, assignments, and papers. Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate or graduate students on topics such as molecular biology, marine biology, and botany. Plan, evaluate, and revise curricula, course content, and course materials and methods of instruction. Prepare materials for laboratory activities and course materials, such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts. Initiate, facilitate, and moderate classroom discussions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Achievement/Effort Biology Instructing Speech Clarity Integrity English Language Learning Strategies Written Expression Attention to Detail Mathematics Science Oral Comprehension Persistence Chemistry Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Independence Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 170 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-1052 Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Teach courses pertaining to the chemical and physical properties and compositional changes of substances. Work may include providing instruction in the methods of qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching, and those who do a combination of teaching and research. Excludes Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary (25-1042) who teach biochemistry. Alternate Job Title(s): Inorganic Chemistry Professor; Organic Chemistry Professor; Physical Chemistry Professor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 80 78 -2.5 -2 29 29 56 $79,020

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate or graduate students on topics such as organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and chemical separation. Establish, teach, and monitor students' compliance with safety rules for handling chemicals, equipment, and other hazardous materials. Evaluate and grade students' class work, laboratory performance, assignments, and papers. Supervise students' laboratory work. Maintain student attendance records, grades, and other required records.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Interacting With Computers Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Analytical Thinking Chemistry Writing Written Expression Integrity English Language Reading Comprehension Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Mathematics Science Oral Comprehension Dependability Education and Training Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility Biology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 171 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-1066 Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Teach courses in psychology, such as child, clinical, and developmental psychology, and psychological counseling. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. Alternate Job Title(s): Child Development Professor; Educational Psychology Professor; Industrial/Organizational Psychology Professor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 73 75 2.72 28 27 57 $77,970

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 96.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate or graduate students on topics such as abnormal psychology, cognitive processes, and work motivation. Initiate, facilitate, and moderate classroom discussions. Evaluate and grade students' class work, laboratory work, assignments, and papers. Keep abreast of developments in the field by reading current literature, talking with colleagues, and participating in professional conferences. Compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assign this work to others.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Learning Strategies Oral Expression Independence Psychology Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Achievement/Effort English Language Speaking Written Expression Dependability Education and Training Instructing Speech Clarity Persistence Sociology and Anthropology Active Listening Oral Comprehension Initiative Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 172 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-1071 Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Teach courses in health specialties, in fields such as dentistry, laboratory technology, medicine, pharmacy, public health, therapy, and veterinary medicine. Excludes Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary (25-1042) and Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary (25-1072) who teach medical science. Alternate Job Title(s): Nutrition Professor; Pharmacology Professor; Public Health Professor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 387 434 12.147 153 152 352 $92,530

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 13.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 86.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare course materials, such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts. Keep abreast of developments in the field by reading current literature, talking with colleagues, and participating in professional conferences. Evaluate and grade students' class work, assignments, and papers. Supervise laboratory sessions. Compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assign this work to others.

Top Generalized Work Activities Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge Training and Teaching Others Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Education and Training Instructing Written Comprehension Cooperation English Language Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Leadership Biology Writing Written Expression Initiative Medicine and Dentistry Critical Thinking Speech Clarity Concern for Others Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 173 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-1072 Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Demonstrate and teach patient care in classroom and clinical units to nursing students. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. Alternate Job Title(s): Advanced Nursing Professor; Clinical Nursing Professor; Registered Nursing Professor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 229 259 13.130 91 90 211 $72,180

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 14.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 85.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Evaluate and grade students' class work, laboratory and clinic work, assignments, and papers. Supervise students' laboratory and clinical work. Initiate, facilitate, and moderate classroom discussions. Assess clinical education needs and patient and client teaching needs using a variety of methods. Compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assign this work to others.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Instructing Oral Expression Dependability Medicine and Dentistry Speaking Written Comprehension Integrity Education and Training Learning Strategies Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Psychology Writing Speech Clarity Initiative English Language Reading Comprehension Written Expression Adaptability/Flexibility Biology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 174 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-1081 Education Teachers, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Teach courses pertaining to education, such as counseling, curriculum, guidance, instruction, teacher education, and teaching English as a second language. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. Alternate Job Title(s): Primary Education Professor; Special Education Professor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 226 223 -1.3 -3 83 83 163 $69,430

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare course materials, such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts. Conduct research in a particular field of knowledge and publish findings in professional journals, books, or electronic media. Compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assign this work to others. Keep abreast of developments in the field by reading current literature, talking with colleagues, and participating in professional conferences. Supervise students' fieldwork, internship, and research work.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Getting Information Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Analytical Thinking English Language Reading Comprehension Speech Clarity Achievement/Effort Education and Training Learning Strategies Oral Comprehension Initiative Psychology Active Listening Written Comprehension Integrity Sociology and Anthropology Instructing Written Expression Dependability Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 175 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-1121 Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Teach courses in drama, music, and the arts including fine and applied art, such as painting and sculpture, or design and crafts. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. Alternate Job Title(s): Ballet Professor; Photography Professor; Piano Professor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 200 195 -2.5 -5 73 73 141 $70,610

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Explain and demonstrate artistic techniques. Evaluate and grade students' class work, performances, projects, assignments, and papers. Prepare students for performances, exams, or assessments. Initiate, facilitate, and moderate classroom discussions. Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate or graduate students on topics such as acting techniques, fundamentals of music, and art history.

Top Generalized Work Activities Thinking Creatively Training and Teaching Others Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Dependability Fine Arts Instructing Written Expression Attention to Detail Education and Training Learning Strategies Written Comprehension Self Control English Language Reading Comprehension Speech Clarity Cooperation Communications and Media Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 176 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-1122 Communications Teachers, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Teach courses in communications, such as organizational communications, public relations, radio/television broadcasting, and journalism. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. Alternate Job Title(s): Journalism Professor; Public Speaking Professor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 82 79 -3.7 -3 30 30 57 $73,100

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Evaluate and grade students' class work, assignments, and papers. Initiate, facilitate, and moderate classroom discussions. Compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assign this work to others. Prepare course materials, such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts. Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate or graduate students on topics such as public speaking, media criticism, and oral traditions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Documenting/Recording Information Thinking Creatively Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Instructing Speech Clarity Dependability English Language Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Independence Education and Training Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Communications and Media Speaking Written Comprehension Concern for Others Psychology Writing Written Expression Self Control Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 177 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-1123 English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Teach courses in English language and literature, including linguistics and comparative literature. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. Alternate Job Title(s): Contemporary English Literature Professor; Creative Writing English Professor; Etymology Professor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 166 160 -3.6 -6 61 60 115 $69,300

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Teach writing or communication classes. Evaluate and grade students' class work, assignments, and papers. Prepare course materials, such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts. Initiate, facilitate, and moderate classroom discussions. Maintain student attendance records, grades, and other required records.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Integrity English Language Instructing Oral Expression Dependability Education and Training Writing Written Expression Cooperation Communications and Media Speaking Oral Comprehension Self Control History and Archeology Active Listening Speech Clarity Adaptability/Flexibility Philosophy and Theology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 178 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-1193 Recreation and Fitness Studies Teachers, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Teach courses pertaining to recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, including exercise physiology and facilities management. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. Alternate Job Title(s): Kinesiology Professor; Leisure Studies Professor; Physical Education (PE) Professor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 64 63 -1.6 -1 24 24 47 $67,510

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Initiate, facilitate, and moderate classroom discussions. Prepare course materials, such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts. Maintain student attendance records, grades, and other required records. Evaluate and grade students' class work, assignments, and papers. Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate or graduate students on topics such as anatomy, therapeutic recreation, and conditioning theory.

Top Generalized Work Activities Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Training and Teaching Others Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Initiative Education and Training Instructing Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Integrity Computers and Electronics Active Listening Written Expression Persistence Psychology Writing Speech Clarity Self Control Biology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 179 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-1194 Career/Technical Education Teachers, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Teach vocational courses intended to provide occupational training below the baccalaureate level in subjects such as construction, mechanics/repair, manufacturing, transportation, or cosmetology, primarily to students who have graduated from or left high school. Teaching takes place in public or private schools whose primary business is academic or vocational education. Excludes Training and Development Specialists (13-1151), Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors (25-3011), and postsecondary teachers classified elsewhere in the 25-1000 minor group. Flight instructors are included with Aircraft Pilots and Flight Engineers (53-2010). Alternate Job Title(s): Automotive Technology Instructor; Cosmetology Instructor; HVAC Instructor; Mechanical Maintenance Instructor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 431 417 -3.2 -14 158 157 301 $66,490

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Observe and evaluate students' work to determine progress, provide feedback, and make suggestions for improvement. Present lectures and conduct discussions to increase students' knowledge and competence using visual aids, such as graphs, charts, videotapes, and slides. Supervise and monitor students' use of tools and equipment. Administer oral, written, or performance tests to measure progress and to evaluate training effectiveness. Provide individualized instruction and tutorial or remedial instruction.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Getting Information Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Public Speaking [Every day] Electronic Mail [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Education and Training Learning Strategies Oral Expression Attention to Detail English Language Instructing Written Expression Dependability Mechanical Speaking Written Comprehension Self Control Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Cooperation Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 180 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-2011 Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education

Occupation Description: Instruct preschool-aged students, following curricula or lesson plans, in activities designed to promote social, physical, and intellectual growth. Excludes Special Education Teachers (25-2050), Substitute Teachers, Short-Term (25-3031), and Childcare Workers (39-9011). Alternate Job Title(s): Home-based Preschool Teacher; Nursery School Teacher; Preschool Head Start Teacher

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,067 1,101 3.234 435 540 1,009 $28,350

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 96.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Teach basic skills, such as color, shape, number and letter recognition, personal hygiene, and social skills. Establish and enforce rules for behavior and procedures for maintaining order. Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests. Provide a variety of materials and resources for children to explore, manipulate, and use, both in learning activities and in imaginative play. Serve meals and snacks in accordance with nutritional guidelines.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Getting Information Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Work With Work Group or Team [Very important] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Education and Training Instructing Speech Clarity Self Control English Language Learning Strategies Oral Comprehension Dependability Public Safety and Security Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Concern for Others Customer and Personal Service Monitoring Originality Adaptability/Flexibility Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 181 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-2012 Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education

Occupation Description: Teach academic and social skills to kindergarten students. Excludes Special Education Teachers (25-2050) and Substitute Teachers, Short-Term (25-3031). Alternate Job Title(s): Bilingual Education Kindergarten Teacher

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 440 475 8.035 184 228 447 $55,290

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Establish and enforce rules for behavior and policies and procedures to maintain order among students. Prepare children for later grades by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks. Instruct students individually and in groups, adapting teaching methods to meet students' varying needs and interests. Teach basic skills, such as color, shape, number and letter recognition, personal hygiene, and social skills. Demonstrate activities to children.

Top Generalized Work Activities Thinking Creatively Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Instructing Oral Expression Integrity Education and Training Social Perceptiveness Written Comprehension Dependability English Language Learning Strategies Written Expression Adaptability/Flexibility Psychology Monitoring Oral Comprehension Concern for Others Mathematics Speaking Speech Clarity Persistence Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 182 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-2021 Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education

Occupation Description: Teach academic and social skills to students at the elementary school level. Excludes Special Education Teachers (25-2050) and Substitute Teachers, Short-Term (25-3031). Alternate Job Title(s): 4th Grade Math Teacher; Elementary School Music Teacher

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 4,215 4,538 7.7323 1,386 1,518 3,227 $55,630

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Establish and enforce rules for behavior and procedures for maintaining order among the students for whom they are responsible. Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests. Instruct students individually and in groups, using various teaching methods, such as lectures, discussions, and demonstrations. Confer with parents or guardians, teachers, counselors, and administrators to resolve students' behavioral and academic problems. Prepare materials and classrooms for class activities.

Top Generalized Work Activities Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work Getting Information Training and Teaching Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Instructing Oral Expression Dependability Education and Training Speaking Problem Sensitivity Adaptability/Flexibility English Language Learning Strategies Speech Recognition Integrity Mathematics Critical Thinking Deductive Reasoning Concern for Others Psychology Active Listening Speech Clarity Self Control Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 183 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-2022 Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education

Occupation Description: Teach one or more subjects to students at the middle, intermediate, or junior high school level. Excludes Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School (25-2023), Special Education Teachers (25-2050), and Substitute Teachers, Short-Term (25-3031). Alternate Job Title(s): Intermediate School Social Studies Teacher; Junior High School Teacher; Middle School Science Teacher

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,303 1,403 7.7100 429 469 998 $59,700

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare students for later grades by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks. Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests. Establish clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects, and communicate these objectives to students. Establish and enforce rules for behavior and procedures for maintaining order among students. Prepare objectives and outlines for courses of study, following curriculum guidelines or requirements of states and schools.

Top Generalized Work Activities Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Coaching and Developing Others Developing Objectives and Strategies

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Instructing Oral Expression Dependability English Language Speaking Speech Clarity Integrity Education and Training Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Cooperation Customer and Personal Service Social Perceptiveness Written Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility Psychology Learning Strategies Written Expression Self Control Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 184 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-2023 Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School

Occupation Description: Teach occupational, vocational, career, or technical subjects to students at the middle, intermediate, or junior high school level. Excludes Special Education Teachers (25-2050) and Substitute Teachers, Short-Term (25-3031). Alternate Job Title(s): Junior High School Business Teacher; Middle School Technology Education Teacher

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 109 117 7.38 36 39 83 $57,640

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 9.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Instruct students individually and in groups, using various teaching methods, such as lectures, discussions, and demonstrations. Prepare materials and classrooms for class activities. Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests. Establish and enforce rules for behavior and procedures for maintaining order among students. Establish clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects and communicate those objectives to students.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Getting Information Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Integrity English Language Learning Strategies Speech Clarity Dependability Education and Training Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Self Control Psychology Active Listening Written Comprehension Concern for Others Computers and Electronics Instructing Written Expression Cooperation Clerical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 185 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-2031 Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education

Occupation Description: Teach one or more subjects to students at the secondary school level. Excludes Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School (25-2032), Special Education Teachers (25-2050), and Substitute Teachers, Short- Term (25-3031). Alternate Job Title(s): High School English Teacher; High School French Teacher; High School History Teacher

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 2,641 2,854 8.1213 762 959 1,934 $56,250

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare materials and classrooms for class activities. Instruct through lectures, discussions, and demonstrations in one or more subjects, such as English, mathematics, or social studies. Establish clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects and communicate those objectives to students. Establish and enforce rules for behavior and procedures for maintaining order among students. Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests.

Top Generalized Work Activities Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work Thinking Creatively Training and Teaching Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Instructing Oral Expression Integrity English Language Speaking Oral Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility Education and Training Learning Strategies Written Comprehension Self Control Psychology Reading Comprehension Deductive Reasoning Concern for Others Computers and Electronics Active Listening Speech Recognition Dependability Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 186 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-2032 Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School

Occupation Description: Teach occupational, vocational, career, or technical subjects to students at the secondary school level. Excludes Special Education Teachers (25-2050), and Substitute Teachers, Short-Term (25-3031). Alternate Job Title(s): High School Auto Repair Teacher; High School Cosmetology Teacher

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 472 501 6.129 135 170 334 $58,660

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Instruct students individually and in groups, using various teaching methods, such as lectures, discussions, and demonstrations. Establish and enforce rules for behavior and procedures for maintaining order among students. Observe and evaluate students' performance, behavior, social development, and physical health. Prepare objectives and outlines for courses of study, following curriculum guidelines or requirements of states and schools. Plan and conduct activities for a balanced program of instruction, demonstration, and work time that provides students with opportunities to observe, question, and investigate.

Top Generalized Work Activities Coaching and Developing Others Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Public Speaking [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Instructing Oral Comprehension Dependability Education and Training Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Speech Clarity Attention to Detail English Language Speaking Problem Sensitivity Adaptability/Flexibility Computers and Electronics Writing Written Comprehension Concern for Others Clerical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 187 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-2051 Special Education Teachers, Preschool

Occupation Description: Teach academic, social, and life skills to preschool-aged students with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and students with intellectual disabilities. Excludes Substitute Teachers, Short-Term (25-3031). Alternate Job Title(s): Early Childhood Special Education Teacher; Pre-Kindergarten Education Intervention Teacher; Pre-Kindergarten Special Education Teacher

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 100 107 7.07 35 35 77 $57,710

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 9.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Employ special educational strategies or techniques during instruction to improve the development of sensory- and perceptual-motor skills, language, cognition, or memory. Teach socially acceptable behavior, employing techniques such as behavior modification or positive reinforcement. Communicate nonverbally with children to provide them with comfort, encouragement, or positive reinforcement. Teach basic skills, such as color, shape, number and letter recognition, personal hygiene, or social skills, to preschool students with special needs. Develop individual educational plans (IEPs) designed to promote students' educational, physical, or social development.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Assisting and Caring for Others Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Integrity English Language Active Listening Oral Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility Education and Training Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Self Control Psychology Critical Thinking Speech Clarity Achievement/Effort Public Safety and Security Social Perceptiveness Problem Sensitivity Dependability Therapy and Counseling

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 188 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-2052 Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten and Elementary School

Occupation Description: Teach academic, social, and life skills to kindergarten and elementary students with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and students with intellectual disabilities. Excludes Substitute Teachers, Short-Term (25-3031). Alternate Job Title(s): Kindergarten Special Education Teacher; Elementary School Inclusion Teacher

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 571 609 6.738 200 201 439 $60,660

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Instruct special needs students in academic subjects, using a variety of techniques, such as phonetics, multisensory learning, or repetition to reinforce learning and meet students' varying needs. Develop or implement strategies to meet the needs of students with a variety of disabilities. Develop individual educational plans (IEPs) designed to promote students' educational, physical, or social development. Confer with parents, administrators, testing specialists, social workers, or other professionals to develop individual education plans (IEPs). Maintain accurate and complete student records as required by laws, district policies, or administrative regulations.

Top Generalized Work Activities Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Scheduling Work and Activities Developing Objectives and Strategies

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Instructing Oral Expression Dependability Education and Training Social Perceptiveness Speech Clarity Cooperation English Language Learning Strategies Oral Comprehension Integrity Psychology Service Orientation Problem Sensitivity Self Control Clerical Coordination Written Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 189 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-2057 Special Education Teachers, Middle School

Occupation Description: Teach academic, social, and life skills to middle school students with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and students with intellectual disabilities. Excludes Substitute Teachers, Short-Term (25-3031). Alternate Job Title(s): Junior High School Special Education Teacher; Middle School Special Education Teacher

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 205 219 6.814 72 72 158 $64,490

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Establish and enforce rules for behavior and policies and procedures to maintain order among students. Modify the general education curriculum for special-needs students based upon a variety of instructional techniques and instructional technology. Develop or write Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) for students. Maintain accurate and complete student records, and prepare reports on children and activities, as required by laws, district policies, and administrative regulations. Develop and implement strategies to meet the needs of students with a variety of handicapping conditions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Assisting and Caring for Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Written Comprehension Concern for Others Education and Training Instructing Oral Expression Dependability English Language Active Listening Written Expression Adaptability/Flexibility Psychology Active Learning Oral Comprehension Self Control Customer and Personal Service Learning Strategies Inductive Reasoning Cooperation Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 190 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-2058 Special Education Teachers, Secondary School

Occupation Description: Teach academic, social, and life skills to secondary school students with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and students with intellectual disabilities. Excludes Substitute Teachers, Short-Term (25-3031). Alternate Job Title(s): High School Special Education Resource Teacher

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 372 399 7.327 131 131 289 $61,480

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 9.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Develop and implement strategies to meet the needs of students with a variety of handicapping conditions. Observe and evaluate students' performance, behavior, social development, and physical health. Establish and enforce rules for behavior and policies and procedures to maintain order among students. Teach socially acceptable behavior, employing techniques such as behavior modification and positive reinforcement. Maintain accurate and complete student records, and prepare reports on children and activities, as required by laws, district policies, and administrative regulations.

Top Generalized Work Activities Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work Coaching and Developing Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Learning Strategies Speech Clarity Dependability English Language Writing Oral Comprehension Stress Tolerance Education and Training Instructing Written Expression Concern for Others Computers and Electronics Social Perceptiveness Written Comprehension Cooperation Mathematics Service Orientation Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 191 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-3011 Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors

Occupation Description: Teach or instruct out-of-school youths and adults in basic education, literacy, or English as a Second Language classes, or in classes for earning a high school equivalency credential. Alternate Job Title(s): Adult Education Teacher; Adult English as a Second Language (ESL) Teacher; Adult Literacy Instructor; General Educational Development (GED®) Teacher

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 167 149 -10.8 -18 92 73 147 $56,000

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Observe and evaluate students' work to determine progress and make suggestions for improvement. Observe students to determine qualifications, limitations, abilities, interests, and other individual characteristics. Establish clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects and communicate those objectives to students. Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs, abilities, and interests. Prepare students for further education by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks.

Top Generalized Work Activities Thinking Creatively Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others Coaching and Developing Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day] Structured versus Unstructured Work [Some freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Instructing Oral Expression Dependability English Language Learning Strategies Written Expression Integrity Education and Training Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Self Control Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Speech Clarity Adaptability/Flexibility Clerical Speaking Oral Comprehension Concern for Others

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 192 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-3021 Self-Enrichment Teachers

Occupation Description: Teach or instruct individuals or groups for the primary purpose of self-enrichment or recreation, rather than for an occupational objective, educational attainment, competition, or fitness. Excludes Coaches and Scouts (27-2022) and Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors (39-9031). Flight instructors are included with Aircraft Pilots and Flight Engineers (53-2010). Alternate Job Title(s): Citizenship Teacher; Knitting Instructor; Recreational Activities Instructor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 590 656 11.266 364 289 719 $42,470

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 9.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 20% and 29%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Instruct students individually and in groups, using various teaching methods, such as lectures, discussions, and demonstrations. Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests. Prepare students for further development by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks. Observe students to determine qualifications, limitations, abilities, interests, and other individual characteristics. Maintain accurate and complete student records as required by administrative policy.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Coaching and Developing Others Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Adaptability/Flexibility Education and Training Learning Strategies Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Speech Clarity Self Control English Language Instructing Speech Recognition Attention to Detail Active Learning Information Ordering Concern for Others

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 193 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-4012 Curators

Occupation Description: Administer collections, such as artwork, collectibles, historic items, or scientific specimens of museums or other institutions. May conduct instructional, research, or public service activities of institution. Alternate Job Title(s): Herbarium Curator; Photography and Prints Curator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 69 76 10.17 37 38 82 $42,020

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Government. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Plan and organize the acquisition, storage, and exhibition of collections and related materials, including the selection of exhibition themes and designs, and develop or install exhibit materials. Develop and maintain an institution's registration, cataloging, and basic record-keeping systems, using computer databases. Plan and conduct special research projects in area of interest or expertise. Provide information from the institution's holdings to other curators and to the public. Negotiate and authorize purchase, sale, exchange, or loan of collections.

Top Generalized Work Activities Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Documenting/Recording Information Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Speaking Written Comprehension Initiative History and Archeology Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Fine Arts Writing Deductive Reasoning Dependability Administration and Management Critical Thinking Written Expression Cooperation Sociology and Anthropology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 194 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-4022 Librarians and Media Collections Specialists

Occupation Description: Administer and maintain libraries or collections of information, for public or private access through reference or borrowing. Work in a variety of settings, such as educational institutions, museums, and corporations, and with various types of informational materials, such as books, periodicals, recordings, films, and databases. Tasks may include acquiring, cataloging, and circulating library materials, and user services such as locating and organizing information, providing instruction on how to access information, and setting up and operating a library's media equipment. Alternate Job Title(s): Library Media Specialist; Multimedia Services Coordinator; Music Librarian; School Librarian

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 390 412 5.622 190 160 372 $56,390

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Check books in and out of the library. Teach library patrons basic computer skills, such as searching computerized databases. Review and evaluate materials, using book reviews, catalogs, faculty recommendations, and current holdings to select and order print, audio-visual, and electronic resources. Keep up-to-date records of circulation and materials, maintain inventory, and correct cataloging errors. Search standard reference materials, including online sources and the Internet, to answer patrons' reference questions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility English Language Reading Comprehension Near Vision Cooperation Computers and Electronics Critical Thinking Speech Recognition Initiative Education and Training Writing Speech Clarity Persistence Communications and Media

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 195 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-4031 Library Technicians

Occupation Description: Assist librarians by helping readers in the use of library catalogs, databases, and indexes to locate books and other materials; and by answering questions that require only brief consultation of standard reference. Compile records; sort and shelve books or other media; remove or repair damaged books or other media; register patrons; and check materials in and out of the circulation process. Replace materials in shelving area (stacks) or files. Includes bookmobile drivers who assist with providing services in mobile libraries. Alternate Job Title(s): Library Acquisitions Technician; Library Circulation Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 409 396 -3.2 -13 344 227 558 $33,250

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Reserve, circulate, renew, and discharge books and other materials. Answer routine telephone or in-person reference inquiries, referring patrons to librarians for further assistance, when necessary. Help patrons find and use library resources, such as reference materials, audio-visual equipment, computers, and other electronic resources and provide technical assistance when needed. Deliver and retrieve items throughout the library by hand or using pushcart. Process print and non-print library materials to prepare them for inclusion in library collections.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Dependability Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Comprehension Cooperation English Language Speaking Near Vision Integrity Clerical Service Orientation Speech Recognition Self Control Computers and Electronics Critical Thinking Speech Clarity Attention to Detail Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 196 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-9021 Farm and Home Management Educators

Occupation Description: Instruct and advise individuals and families engaged in agriculture, agricultural-related processes, or home management activities. Demonstrate procedures and apply research findings to advance agricultural and home management activities. May develop educational outreach programs. May instruct on either agricultural issues such as agricultural processes and techniques, pest management, and food safety, or on home management issues such as budgeting, nutrition, and child development. Excludes Dietitians and Nutritionists (29-1031). Alternate Job Title(s): Agricultural Extension Educator; Family Resource Management Specialist; Feed Management Advisor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 190 175 -7.9 -15 78 75 138 $54,840

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Collect and evaluate data to determine community program needs. Prepare and distribute leaflets, pamphlets, and visual aids for educational and informational purposes. Conduct classes or deliver lectures on subjects such as nutrition, home management, and farming techniques. Research information requested by farmers. Collaborate with producers to diagnose and prevent management and production problems.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Training and Teaching Others Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Education and Training Speaking Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Reading Comprehension Speech Clarity Adaptability/Flexibility Customer and Personal Service Writing Problem Sensitivity Independence Biology Judgment and Decision Making Written Comprehension Initiative Food Production

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 197 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-9031 Instructional Coordinators

Occupation Description: Develop instructional material, coordinate educational content, and incorporate current technology into instruction in order to provide guidelines to educators and instructors for developing curricula and conducting courses. May train and coach teachers. Includes educational consultants and specialists, and instructional material directors. Alternate Job Title(s): Curriculum and Assessment Director; Curriculum Specialist; Special Education Curriculum Specialist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 436 462 6.026 191 183 400 $64,660

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Observe work of teaching staff to evaluate performance and to recommend changes that could strengthen teaching skills. Plan and conduct teacher training programs and conferences dealing with new classroom procedures, instructional materials and equipment, and teaching aids. Interpret and enforce provisions of state education codes and rules and regulations of state education boards. Conduct or participate in workshops, committees, and conferences designed to promote the intellectual, social, and physical welfare of students. Advise teaching and administrative staff in curriculum development, use of materials and equipment, and implementation of state and federal programs and procedures.

Top Generalized Work Activities Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Training and Teaching Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Learning Strategies Written Comprehension Integrity Education and Training Instructing Oral Expression Initiative English Language Writing Written Expression Leadership Administration and Management Speaking Oral Comprehension Dependability Mathematics Reading Comprehension Speech Clarity Adaptability/Flexibility Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 198 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-9044 Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Assist faculty or other instructional staff in postsecondary institutions by performing instructional support activities, such as developing teaching materials, leading discussion groups, preparing and giving examinations, and grading examinations or papers. Graduate students who teach one or more full courses should be classified in the 25-1000 minor group. Alternate Job Title(s): Assistant Instructor; College Biology Teaching Assistant; University Teaching Assistant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 583 563 -3.4 -20 213 212 405 N/A

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Teach undergraduate-level courses. Evaluate and grade examinations, assignments, or papers, and record grades. Lead discussion sections, tutorials, or laboratory sections. Develop teaching materials, such as syllabi, visual aids, answer keys, supplementary notes, or course Web sites. Inform students of the procedures for completing and submitting class work, such as lab reports.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Training and Teaching Others Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Integrity English Language Active Listening Oral Expression Dependability Education and Training Speaking Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Instructing Speech Clarity Concern for Others Mathematics Learning Strategies Written Expression Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 199 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

25-9045 Teaching Assistants, Except Postsecondary

Occupation Description: Perform duties that are instructional in nature or deliver direct services to students or parents. Serve in a position for which a teacher has ultimate responsibility for the design and implementation of educational programs and services. Excludes Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary (25-9044). Alternate Job Title(s): N/A

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 4,930 5,283 7.2353 2,635 2,229 5,217 $33,080

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Tutor and assist children individually or in small groups to help them master assignments and to reinforce learning concepts presented by teachers. Teach social skills to students. Supervise students in classrooms, halls, cafeterias, school yards, and gymnasiums, or on field trips. Provide extra assistance to students with special needs. Observe students' performance, and record relevant data to assess progress.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Dependability English Language Speaking Oral Comprehension Self Control Education and Training Instructing Speech Clarity Integrity Public Safety and Security Social Perceptiveness Speech Recognition Concern for Others Customer and Personal Service Learning Strategies Near Vision Cooperation Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 200 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

27-2022 Coaches and Scouts

Occupation Description: Instruct or coach groups or individuals in the fundamentals of sports for the primary purpose of competition. Demonstrate techniques and methods of participation. May evaluate athletes' strengths and weaknesses as possible recruits or to improve the athletes' technique to prepare them for competition. Those required to hold teaching certifications should be reported in the appropriate teaching category. Excludes Athletic Trainers (29-9091). Alternate Job Title(s): Baseball Scout; Boxing Coach; Football Coach

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,035 1,177 13.7142 659 837 1,638 $34,040

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Educational Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Plan, organize, and conduct practice sessions. Provide training direction, encouragement, motivation, and nutritional advice to prepare athletes for games, competitive events, or tours. Adjust coaching techniques, based on the strengths and weaknesses of athletes. Instruct individuals or groups in sports rules, game strategies, and performance principles, such as specific ways of moving the body, hands, or feet, to achieve desired results. Plan strategies and choose team members for individual games or sports seasons.

Top Generalized Work Activities Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Making Decisions and Solving Problems Coaching and Developing Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Electronic Mail [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Very important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Instructing Oral Expression Dependability Education and Training Speaking Oral Comprehension Leadership English Language Monitoring Speech Clarity Integrity Administration and Management Learning Strategies Speech Recognition Cooperation Psychology Judgment and Decision Making Information Ordering Self Control Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 201 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Education and Training

27-3091 Interpreters and Translators

Occupation Description: Interpret oral or sign language, or translate written text from one language into another. Alternate Job Title(s): American Sign Language Interpreter; Court Interpreter; Diplomatic Interpreter

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 117 147 25.6 30 53 60 143 $35,220

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 21% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 79%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Follow ethical codes that protect the confidentiality of information. Translate messages simultaneously or consecutively into specified languages, orally or by using hand signs, maintaining message content, context, and style as much as possible. Listen to speakers' statements to determine meanings and to prepare translations, using electronic listening systems as necessary. Compile terminology and information to be used in translations, including technical terms such as those for legal or medical material. Read written materials, such as legal documents, scientific works, or news reports, and rewrite material into specified languages.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others Getting Information Performing for or Working Directly with the Public

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Artistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity English Language Speaking Oral Expression Dependability Foreign Language Reading Comprehension Speech Recognition Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Writing Speech Clarity Self Control Law and Government Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Stress Tolerance Communications and Media

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 202 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Finance

11-3031 Financial Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate accounting, investing, banking, insurance, securities, and other financial activities of a branch, office, or department of an establishment. Excludes Financial Risk Specialists (13-2054). Alternate Job Title(s): Bank Branch Manager; Comptroller; Financial Director

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,441 1,793 24.4 352 329 721 1,402 $133,980

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 25.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 74.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Finance and Insurance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Plan, direct, or coordinate the activities of workers in branches, offices, or departments of establishments, such as branch banks, brokerage firms, risk and insurance departments, or credit departments. Establish and maintain relationships with individual or business customers or provide assistance with problems these customers may encounter. Recruit staff members. Prepare operational or risk reports for management analysis. Evaluate data pertaining to costs to plan budgets.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Economics and Accounting Speaking Deductive Reasoning Dependability Administration and Management Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Mathematics Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Achievement/Effort Customer and Personal Service Monitoring Speech Clarity Persistence English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 203 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Finance

13-1031 Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators

Occupation Description: Review settled claims to determine that payments and settlements are made in accordance with company practices and procedures. Confer with legal counsel on claims requiring litigation. May also settle insurance claims. Excludes Fire Inspectors and Investigators (33-2021). Alternate Job Title(s): Fire Claims Adjuster; Health Insurance Adjuster; Property and Casualty Insurance Claims Examiner

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 786 787 0.11 181 384 566 $59,490

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 99.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Finance and Insurance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Examine claims forms and other records to determine insurance coverage. Analyze information gathered by investigation and report findings and recommendations. Review police reports, medical treatment records, medical bills, or physical property damage to determine the extent of liability. Investigate and assess damage to property and create or review property damage estimates. Interview or correspond with agents and claimants to correct errors or omissions and to investigate questionable claims.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Making Decisions and Solving Problems Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Letters and Memos [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Dependability English Language Active Listening Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Law and Government Speaking Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Clerical Negotiation Inductive Reasoning Self Control Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 204 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Finance

13-2011 Accountants and Auditors

Occupation Description: Examine, analyze, and interpret accounting records to prepare financial statements, give advice, or audit and evaluate statements prepared by others. Install or advise on systems of recording costs or other financial and budgetary data. Excludes Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents (13-2081). Alternate Job Title(s): Certified Public Accountant; Field Auditor; Internal Auditor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 4,148 4,522 9.0374 1,221 2,311 3,906 $64,260

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 9.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare detailed reports on audit findings. Report to management about asset utilization and audit results, and recommend changes in operations and financial activities. Collect and analyze data to detect deficient controls, duplicated effort, extravagance, fraud, or non-compliance with laws, regulations, and management policies. Inspect account books and accounting systems for efficiency, effectiveness, and use of accepted accounting procedures to record transactions. Supervise auditing of establishments, and determine scope of investigation required.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Interacting With Computers Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Number Facility Integrity Economics and Accounting Active Listening Written Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Critical Thinking Oral Expression Dependability Mathematics Speaking Mathematical Reasoning Analytical Thinking Administration and Management Writing Deductive Reasoning Cooperation Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 205 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Finance

13-2031 Budget Analysts

Occupation Description: Examine budget estimates for completeness, accuracy, and conformance with procedures and regulations. Analyze budgeting and accounting reports. Excludes Financial and Investment Analysts (13-2051). Alternate Job Title(s): Budget Examiner; Budget Officer; Cost Analyst

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 86 87 1.21 22 41 64 $69,150

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Summarize budgets and submit recommendations for the approval or disapproval of funds requests. Analyze monthly department budgeting and accounting reports to maintain expenditure controls. Examine budget estimates for completeness, accuracy, and conformance with procedures and regulations. Direct the preparation of regular and special budget reports. Provide advice and technical assistance with cost analysis, fiscal allocation, and budget preparation.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Analyzing Data or Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Number Facility Integrity Economics and Accounting Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Mathematics Speaking Written Comprehension Analytical Thinking English Language Critical Thinking Mathematical Reasoning Dependability Administration and Management Mathematics Written Expression Cooperation Clerical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 206 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Finance

13-2041 Credit Analysts

Occupation Description: Analyze credit data and financial statements of individuals or firms to determine the degree of risk involved in extending credit or lending money. Prepare reports with credit information for use in decisionmaking. Excludes Financial Risk Specialists (13-2054). Alternate Job Title(s): Credit Assessment Analyst; Credit Risk Analyst

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 106 112 5.76 22 62 90 $71,240

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Analyze credit data and financial statements to determine the degree of risk involved in extending credit or lending money. Complete loan applications, including credit analyses and summaries of loan requests, and submit to loan committees for approval. Generate financial ratios, using computer programs, to evaluate customers' financial status. Prepare reports that include the degree of risk involved in extending credit or lending money. Analyze financial data, such as income growth, quality of management, and market share to determine expected profitability of loans.

Top Generalized Work Activities Analyzing Data or Information Getting Information Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Oral Expression Analytical Thinking Economics and Accounting Reading Comprehension Inductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Mathematics Speaking Oral Comprehension Integrity English Language Active Learning Written Comprehension Dependability Law and Government Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Initiative Clerical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 207 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Finance

13-2052 Personal Financial Advisors

Occupation Description: Advise clients on financial plans using knowledge of tax and investment strategies, securities, insurance, pension plans, and real estate. Duties include assessing clients' assets, liabilities, cash flow, insurance coverage, tax status, and financial objectives. May also buy and sell financial assets for clients. Excludes Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents (41-3031). Alternate Job Title(s): Estate Planner; Individual Pension Adviser; Personal Investment Adviser

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 429 503 17.274 105 208 387 $85,670

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 19.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 80.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Finance and Insurance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Interview clients to determine their current income, expenses, insurance coverage, tax status, financial objectives, risk tolerance, or other information needed to develop a financial plan. Recommend to clients strategies in cash management, insurance coverage, investment planning, or other areas to help them achieve their financial goals. Manage client portfolios, keeping client plans up-to-date. Implement financial planning recommendations or refer clients to someone who can assist them with plan implementation. Analyze financial information obtained from clients to determine strategies for meeting clients' financial objectives.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Writing Written Comprehension Dependability Economics and Accounting Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Attention to Detail English Language Speaking Written Expression Concern for Others Mathematics Critical Thinking Speech Clarity Analytical Thinking Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 208 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Finance

13-2053 Insurance Underwriters

Occupation Description: Review individual applications for insurance to evaluate degree of risk involved and determine acceptance of applications. Alternate Job Title(s): Automobile and Property Underwriter; Bond Underwriter; Insurance Analyst

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 136 138 1.52 29 69 100 $78,990

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Examine documents to determine degree of risk from factors such as applicant health, financial standing and value, and condition of property. Decline excessive risks. Write to field representatives, medical personnel, or others to obtain further information, quote rates, or explain company underwriting policies. Evaluate possibility of losses due to catastrophe or excessive insurance. Review company records to determine amount of insurance in force on single risk or group of closely related risks.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems Analyzing Data or Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Integrity English Language Active Listening Inductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Writing Written Expression Analytical Thinking Mathematics Critical Thinking Oral Expression Dependability Sales and Marketing Speaking Deductive Reasoning Achievement/Effort

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 209 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Finance

13-2072 Loan Officers

Occupation Description: Evaluate, authorize, or recommend approval of commercial, real estate, or credit loans. Advise borrowers on financial status and payment methods. Includes mortgage loan officers and agents, collection analysts, loan servicing officers, loan underwriters, and payday loan officers. Alternate Job Title(s): Commercial Lender; Loan Reviewer; Payday Loan Officer; Real Estate Loan Officer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,439 1,643 14.2204 352 759 1,315 $79,790

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 15.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 84.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Finance and Insurance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Meet with applicants to obtain information for loan applications and to answer questions about the process. Analyze applicants' financial status, credit, and property evaluations to determine feasibility of granting loans. Approve loans within specified limits, and refer loan applications outside those limits to management for approval. Explain to customers the different types of loans and credit options that are available, as well as the terms of those services. Submit applications to credit analysts for verification and recommendation.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Comprehension Dependability Economics and Accounting Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Cooperation English Language Judgment and Decision Making Near Vision Attention to Detail Mathematics Critical Thinking Written Expression Adaptability/Flexibility Sales and Marketing

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 210 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Finance

13-2082 Tax Preparers

Occupation Description: Prepare tax returns for individuals or small businesses. Excludes Accountants and Auditors (13-2011). Alternate Job Title(s): Income Tax Advisor; Income Tax Preparer; Licensed Tax Consultant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 248 284 14.536 135 142 313 $56,490

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Use all appropriate adjustments, deductions, and credits to keep clients' taxes to a minimum. Compute taxes owed or overpaid, using adding machines or personal computers, and complete entries on forms, following tax form instructions and tax tables. Interview clients to obtain additional information on taxable income and deductible expenses and allowances. Review financial records, such as income statements and documentation of expenditures to determine forms needed to prepare tax returns. Prepare or assist in preparing simple to complex tax returns for individuals or small businesses.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Near Vision Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Economics and Accounting Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Dependability English Language Speaking Deductive Reasoning Self Control Law and Government Mathematics Oral Expression Cooperation Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 211 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Finance

41-3021 Insurance Sales Agents

Occupation Description: Sell life, property, casualty, health, automotive, or other types of insurance. May refer clients to independent brokers, work as an independent broker, or be employed by an insurance company. Alternate Job Title(s): Life Insurance Salesperson; Pension Agent

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 2,032 2,298 13.1266 722 1,092 2,080 $69,330

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 87.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Finance and Insurance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Customize insurance programs to suit individual customers, often covering a variety of risks. Sell various types of insurance policies to businesses and individuals on behalf of insurance companies, including automobile, fire, life, property, medical and dental insurance, or specialized policies, such as marine, farm/crop, and medical malpractice. Explain features, advantages, and disadvantages of various policies to promote sale of insurance plans. Perform administrative tasks, such as maintaining records and handling policy renewals. Seek out new clients and develop clientele by networking to find new customers and generate lists of prospective clients.

Top Generalized Work Activities Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Getting Information Selling or Influencing Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Deal With External Customers [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Comprehension Independence Sales and Marketing Active Listening Written Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Critical Thinking Speech Clarity Dependability Mathematics Writing Written Expression Achievement/Effort Law and Government

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 212 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Finance

41-3031 Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents

Occupation Description: Buy and sell securities or commodities in investment and trading firms, or provide financial services to businesses and individuals. May advise customers about stocks, bonds, mutual funds, commodities, and market conditions. Alternate Job Title(s): Foreign Exchange Trader; Investment Banker; Securities Trader; Stock Broker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 607 704 16.097 155 382 634 $94,530

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 15.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 84.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Finance and Insurance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Make bids or offers to buy or sell securities. Monitor markets or positions. Agree on buying or selling prices at optimal levels for clients. Keep accurate records of transactions. Buy or sell stocks, bonds, commodity futures, foreign currencies, or other securities on behalf of investment dealers.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Integrity Economics and Accounting Active Listening Oral Expression Dependability Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail English Language Speaking Written Comprehension Stress Tolerance Mathematics Persuasion Inductive Reasoning Initiative Sales and Marketing

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 213 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Finance

43-3011 Bill and Account Collectors

Occupation Description: Locate and notify customers of delinquent accounts by mail, telephone, or personal visit to solicit payment. Duties include receiving payment and posting amount to customer's account, preparing statements to credit department if customer fails to respond, initiating repossession proceedings or service disconnection, and keeping records of collection and status of accounts. Alternate Job Title(s): Collection Agent; Debt Collector; Repossessor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 452 378 -16.4 -74 147 291 364 $44,750

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Record information about financial status of customers and status of collection efforts. Locate and notify customers of delinquent accounts by mail, telephone, or personal visits to solicit payment. Locate and monitor overdue accounts, using computers and a variety of automated systems. Arrange for debt repayment or establish repayment schedules, based on customers' financial situations. Advise customers of necessary actions and strategies for debt repayment.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Integrity English Language Active Listening Oral Expression Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Social Perceptiveness Written Comprehension Dependability Mathematics Persuasion Speech Recognition Independence Economics and Accounting Writing Speech Clarity Cooperation Law and Government

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 214 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Finance

43-3071 Tellers

Occupation Description: Receive and pay out money. Keep records of money and negotiable instruments involved in a financial institution's various transactions. Alternate Job Title(s): Foreign Exchange Clerk; Money Order Clerk; Securities Teller

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,989 1,871 -5.9 -118 850 1,177 1,909 $33,380

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Balance currency, coin, and checks in cash drawers at ends of shifts and calculate daily transactions, using computers, calculators, or adding machines. Receive checks and cash for deposit, verify amounts, and check accuracy of deposit slips. Monitor bank vaults to ensure cash balances are correct. Cash checks and pay out money after verifying that signatures are correct, that written and numerical amounts agree, and that accounts have sufficient funds. Count currency, coins, and checks received, by hand or using currency-counting machine, to prepare them for deposit or shipment to branch banks or the Federal Reserve Bank.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Interacting With Computers Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Number Facility Dependability English Language Critical Thinking Oral Expression Attention to Detail Mathematics Service Orientation Speech Recognition Self Control Economics and Accounting Monitoring Speech Clarity Cooperation Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 215 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Finance

43-4011 Brokerage Clerks

Occupation Description: Perform duties related to the purchase, sale, or holding of securities. Duties include writing orders for stock purchases or sales, computing transfer taxes, verifying stock transactions, accepting and delivering securities, tracking stock price fluctuations, computing equity, distributing dividends, and keeping records of daily transactions and holdings. Alternate Job Title(s): Commodities Clerk; Dividend Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 74 86 16.212 26 49 87 $56,280

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 13.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 86.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Finance and Insurance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Correspond with customers and confer with coworkers to answer inquiries, discuss market fluctuations, or resolve account problems. Document security transactions, such as purchases, sales, conversions, redemptions, or payments, using computers, accounting ledgers, or certificate records. File, type, or operate standard office machines. Perform clerical tasks, such as answering phones or distributing mail. Prepare forms, such as receipts, withdrawal orders, transmittal papers, or transfer confirmations, based on transaction requests from stockholders.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Interacting With Computers Processing Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Mathematics Time Management Near Vision Analytical Thinking Computers and Electronics Critical Thinking Written Expression Stress Tolerance Economics and Accounting

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 216 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Finance

43-4041 Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks

Occupation Description: Authorize credit charges against customers' accounts. Investigate history and credit standing of individuals or business establishments applying for credit. May interview applicants to obtain personal and financial data, determine credit worthiness, process applications, and notify customers of acceptance or rejection of credit. Alternate Job Title(s): Charge Authorizer; Commercial Credit Reviewer; Credit Rating Checker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 196 205 4.69 61 120 190 $43,000

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Finance and Insurance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Keep records of customers' charges and payments. Compile and analyze credit information gathered by investigation. Obtain information about potential creditors from banks, credit bureaus, and other credit services, and provide reciprocal information if requested. Interview credit applicants by telephone or in person to obtain personal and financial data needed to complete credit report.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Interacting With Computers Communicating with Persons Outside Organization

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Expression Dependability English Language Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Cooperation Mathematics Critical Thinking Written Expression Self Control Law and Government Writing Near Vision Attention to Detail Clerical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 217 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Finance

43-4131 Loan Interviewers and Clerks

Occupation Description: Interview loan applicants to elicit information; investigate applicants' backgrounds and verify references; prepare loan request papers; and forward findings, reports, and documents to appraisal department. Review loan papers to ensure completeness, and complete transactions between loan establishment, borrowers, and sellers upon approval of loan. Alternate Job Title(s): Loan Processor; Mortgage Loan Closer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 849 1,029 21.2 180 312 511 1,003 $45,560

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 17.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 82.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Finance and Insurance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Verify and examine information and accuracy of loan application and closing documents. Assemble and compile documents for loan closings, such as title abstracts, insurance forms, loan forms, and tax receipts. Record applications for loan and credit, loan information, and disbursements of funds, using computers. Submit loan applications with recommendation for underwriting approval. Contact customers by mail, telephone, or in person concerning acceptance or rejection of applications.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Performing for or Working Directly with the Public

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Speaking Written Comprehension Integrity English Language Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Dependability Clerical Critical Thinking Speech Clarity Cooperation Computers and Electronics Writing Speech Recognition Initiative Law and Government

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 218 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Finance

43-9041 Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks

Occupation Description: Process new insurance policies, modifications to existing policies, and claims forms. Obtain information from policyholders to verify the accuracy and completeness of information on claims forms, applications and related documents, and company records. Update existing policies and company records to reflect changes requested by policyholders and insurance company representatives. Excludes Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators (13-1031). Alternate Job Title(s): Insurance Policy Issue Clerk; Underwriting Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 844 899 6.555 308 476 839 $42,430

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Finance and Insurance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare insurance claim forms or related documents and review them for completeness. Calculate amount of claim. Post or attach information to claim file. Transmit claims for payment or further investigation. Contact insured or other involved persons to obtain missing information.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Clerical Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Critical Thinking Speech Recognition Cooperation Writing Speech Clarity Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 219 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Government and Public Administration

11-9131 Postmasters and Mail Superintendents

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate operational, administrative, management, and support services of a U.S. post office; or coordinate activities of workers engaged in postal and related work in assigned post office. Alternate Job Title(s): Postal Supervisor; Postmaster

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 90 75 -16.7 -15 21 33 39 $69,190

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor employees' work schedules and attendance for payroll purposes. Organize and supervise activities, such as the processing of incoming and outgoing mail. Resolve customer complaints. Prepare employee work schedules. Direct and coordinate operational, management, and supportive services of one or a number of postal facilities.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Time Pressure [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Time Management Oral Comprehension Dependability Administration and Management Coordination Written Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility Public Safety and Security Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Leadership English Language Speaking Speech Clarity Integrity Production and Processing Active Listening Speech Recognition Self Control Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 220 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Government and Public Administration

13-1041 Compliance Officers

Occupation Description: Examine, evaluate, and investigate eligibility for or conformity with laws and regulations governing contract compliance of licenses and permits, and perform other compliance and enforcement inspection and analysis activities not classified elsewhere. Excludes Financial Examiners (13-2061), Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents (13-2081), Occupational Health and Safety Specialists (19-5011), Occupational Health and Safety Technicians (19-5012), Transportation Security Screeners (33-9093), Agricultural Inspectors (45-2011), Construction and Building Inspectors (47-4011), and Transportation Inspectors (53-6051). Alternate Job Title(s): Driver's License Examiner; Environmental Compliance Inspector; Equal Employment Opportunity Officer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 982 1,028 4.746 261 500 807 $70,430

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Finance and Insurance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Warn violators of infractions or penalties. Evaluate applications, records, or documents to gather information about eligibility or liability issues. Advise licensees or other individuals or groups concerning licensing, permit, or passport regulations. Prepare reports of activities, evaluations, recommendations, or decisions. Report law or regulation violations to appropriate boards or agencies.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Deal With External Customers [Extremely important] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Law and Government Speaking Written Comprehension Independence English Language Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Dependability Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Speech Clarity Attention to Detail Public Safety and Security Social Perceptiveness Near Vision Analytical Thinking Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 221 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Government and Public Administration

13-2020 Property Appraisers and Assessors

Occupation Description: Appraise and estimate the fair value of real estate, or tangible personal or business property, such as jewelry, art, antiques, collectibles, and equipment. May also appraise land or assess taxes in accordance with prescribed schedules. Excludes Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators (13-1031), Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage (13-1032), and Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents (13-2081). Alternate Job Title(s): Estate Appraiser; Machinery Appraiser; Personal Property Assessor; Real Estate Appraiser; Real Estate Assessor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 197 214 8.617 74 66 157 $53,080

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Government. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Compute final estimation of property values, taking into account such factors as depreciation, replacement costs, value comparisons of similar properties, and income potential. Prepare written reports that estimate property values, outline methods by which the estimations were made, and meet appraisal standards. Inspect new construction and major improvements to existing structures to determine values. Collect and analyze relevant data to identify real estate market trends. Prepare and maintain current data on each parcel assessed, including maps of boundaries, inventories of land and structures, property characteristics, and any applicable exemptions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Analyzing Data or Information Processing Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Once a week or more but not every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Very important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Integrity English Language Active Listening Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Near Vision Independence Computers and Electronics Speaking Inductive Reasoning Dependability Mathematics Judgment and Decision Making Oral Expression Analytical Thinking Law and Government

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 222 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Government and Public Administration

13-2061 Financial Examiners

Occupation Description: Enforce or ensure compliance with laws and regulations governing financial and securities institutions and financial and real estate transactions. May examine, verify, or authenticate records. Alternate Job Title(s): Bank Examiner; Financial Compliance Examiner; Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Specialist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 227 256 12.829 67 88 184 $77,360

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 15.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 84.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Finance and Insurance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Direct and participate in formal and informal meetings with bank directors, trustees, senior management, counsels, outside accountants, and consultants to gather information and discuss findings. Recommend actions to ensure compliance with laws and regulations, or to protect solvency of institutions. Prepare reports, exhibits, and other supporting schedules that detail an institution's safety and soundness, compliance with laws and regulations, and recommended solutions to questionable financial conditions. Resolve problems concerning the overall financial integrity of banking institutions including loan investment portfolios, capital, earnings, and specific or large troubled accounts. Investigate activities of institutions to enforce laws and regulations and to ensure legality of transactions and operations or financial solvency.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards Analyzing Data or Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Analytical Thinking English Language Critical Thinking Oral Expression Integrity Economics and Accounting Active Listening Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Law and Government Writing Inductive Reasoning Cooperation Mathematics Speaking Near Vision Dependability Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 223 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Government and Public Administration

13-2081 Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents

Occupation Description: Determine tax liability or collect taxes from individuals or business firms according to prescribed laws and regulations. Alternate Job Title(s): Internal Revenue Service Agent; Revenue Collector; Tax Investigator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 77 77 0.00 34 27 61 $63,850

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Collect taxes from individuals or businesses according to prescribed laws and regulations. Maintain knowledge of tax code changes, and of accounting procedures and theory to properly evaluate financial information. Maintain records for each case, including contacts, telephone numbers, and actions taken. Contact taxpayers by mail or telephone to address discrepancies and to request supporting documentation. Send notices to taxpayers when accounts are delinquent.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Communicating with Persons Outside Organization

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Deal With External Customers [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Self Control Economics and Accounting Speaking Oral Expression Independence English Language Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Law and Government Writing Deductive Reasoning Dependability Clerical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 224 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Government and Public Administration

19-3051 Urban and Regional Planners

Occupation Description: Develop comprehensive plans and programs for use of land and physical facilities of jurisdictions, such as towns, cities, counties, and metropolitan areas. Alternate Job Title(s): City Planner; Community Development Planner

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 78 88 12.810 14 51 75 $73,370

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 13.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 86.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Hold public meetings with government officials, social scientists, lawyers, developers, the public, or special interest groups to formulate, develop, or address issues regarding land use or community plans. Design, promote, or administer government plans or policies affecting land use, zoning, public utilities, community facilities, housing, or transportation. Advise planning officials on project feasibility, cost-effectiveness, regulatory conformance, or possible alternatives. Recommend approval, denial, or conditional approval of proposals. Discuss with planning officials the purpose of land use projects, such as transportation, conservation, residential, commercial, industrial, or community use.

Top Generalized Work Activities Developing Objectives and Strategies Communicating with Persons Outside Organization Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Integrity English Language Active Listening Written Expression Cooperation Law and Government Speaking Written Comprehension Dependability Administration and Management Judgment and Decision Making Oral Comprehension Analytical Thinking Geography Critical Thinking Speech Clarity Persistence Communications and Media

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 225 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Government and Public Administration

19-5011 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Occupation Description: Review, evaluate, and analyze work environments and design programs and procedures to control, eliminate, and prevent disease or injury caused by chemical, physical, and biological agents or ergonomic factors. May conduct inspections and enforce adherence to laws and regulations governing the health and safety of individuals. May be employed in the public or private sector. Alternate Job Title(s): Environmental Health Sanitarian; Health and Safety Inspector; Industrial Hygienist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 580 591 1.911 121 169 301 $81,690

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 96.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Recommend measures to help protect workers from potentially hazardous work methods, processes, or materials. Order suspension of activities that pose threats to workers' health or safety. Investigate accidents to identify causes or to determine how such accidents might be prevented in the future. Inspect or evaluate workplace environments, equipment, or practices to ensure compliance with safety standards and government regulations. Develop or maintain hygiene programs, such as noise surveys, continuous atmosphere monitoring, ventilation surveys, or asbestos management plans.

Top Generalized Work Activities Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Responsible for Others' Health and Safety [Very high responsibility] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Inductive Reasoning Integrity English Language Critical Thinking Deductive Reasoning Cooperation Education and Training Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Dependability Public Safety and Security Reading Comprehension Written Expression Attention to Detail Chemistry Complex Problem Solving Oral Expression Adaptability/Flexibility Law and Government

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 226 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Government and Public Administration

19-5012 Occupational Health and Safety Technicians

Occupation Description: Collect data on work environments for analysis by occupational health and safety specialists. Implement and conduct evaluation of programs designed to limit chemical, physical, biological, and ergonomic risks to workers. Alternate Job Title(s): Construction Health and Safety Technician; Ergonomics Technician; Occupational Health and Safety Technologist (OHST)

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 181 177 -2.2 -4 37 52 85 $51,260

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Test workplaces for environmental hazards, such as exposure to radiation, chemical or biological hazards, or excessive noise. Prepare or calibrate equipment used to collect or analyze samples. Maintain all required environmental records and documentation. Supply, operate, or maintain personal protective equipment. Prepare or review specifications or orders for the purchase of safety equipment, ensuring that proper features are present and that items conform to health and safety standards.

Top Generalized Work Activities Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards Getting Information Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Responsible for Others' Health and Safety [Very high responsibility] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Education and Training Speaking Problem Sensitivity Concern for Others English Language Critical Thinking Deductive Reasoning Dependability Public Safety and Security Reading Comprehension Inductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Writing Oral Comprehension Analytical Thinking Chemistry

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 227 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Government and Public Administration

33-9093 Transportation Security Screeners

Occupation Description: Conduct screening of passengers, baggage, or cargo to ensure compliance with Transportation Security Administration (TSA) regulations. May operate basic security equipment such as x-ray machines and hand wands at screening checkpoints. Alternate Job Title(s): Airport Baggage Screener; Airport Security Screener; Transportation Security Administration (TSA) Screener; Transportation Security Officer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 188 185 -1.6 -3 77 85 159 $49,210

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Inspect carry-on items, using x-ray viewing equipment, to determine whether items contain objects that warrant further investigation. Search carry-on or checked baggage by hand when it is suspected to contain prohibited items such as weapons. Check passengers' tickets to ensure that they are valid, and to determine whether passengers have designations that require special handling, such as providing photo identification. Test baggage for any explosive materials, using equipment such as explosive detection machines or chemical swab systems. Perform pat-down or hand-held wand searches of passengers who have triggered machine alarms, who are unable to pass through metal detectors, or who have been randomly identified for such searches.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Performing for or Working Directly with the Public

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Problem Sensitivity Integrity Public Safety and Security Monitoring Selective Attention Dependability Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Flexibility of Closure Attention to Detail English Language Critical Thinking Inductive Reasoning Self Control Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Stress Tolerance

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 228 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Government and Public Administration

43-4031 Court, Municipal, and License Clerks

Occupation Description: Perform clerical duties for courts of law, municipalities, or governmental licensing agencies and bureaus. May prepare docket of cases to be called; secure information for judges and court; prepare draft agendas or bylaws for town or city council; answer official correspondence; keep fiscal records and accounts; issue licenses or permits; and record data, administer tests, or collect fees. Clerks of Court are classified in Managers, All Other (11-9199). Alternate Job Title(s): Circuit Court Clerk; Motor Vehicle License Clerk; Warrant Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 507 531 4.724 236 222 482 $47,080

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Government. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Evaluate information on applications to verify completeness and accuracy and to determine whether applicants are qualified to obtain desired licenses. Verify the authenticity of documents, such as foreign identification or immigration documents. Record and edit the minutes of meetings and distribute to appropriate officials or staff members. Question applicants to obtain required information, such as name, address, or age, and record data on prescribed forms. Issue public notification of all official activities or meetings.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Performing for or Working Directly with the Public

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Attention to Detail Clerical Speaking Written Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Integrity English Language Writing Written Expression Cooperation Law and Government Coordination Speech Recognition Self Control Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 229 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Government and Public Administration

43-4061 Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs

Occupation Description: Determine eligibility of persons applying to receive assistance from government programs and agency resources, such as welfare, unemployment benefits, social security, and public housing. Alternate Job Title(s): Medicare Interviewer; Public Housing Interviewer; Unemployment Benefits Claims Taker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 292 317 8.625 120 146 291 $47,190

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Interpret and explain information such as eligibility requirements, application details, payment methods, and applicants' legal rights. Interview benefits recipients at specified intervals to certify their eligibility for continuing benefits. Keep records of assigned cases, and prepare required reports. Compile, record, and evaluate personal and financial data to verify completeness and accuracy, and to determine eligibility status. Answer applicants' questions about benefits and claim procedures.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Interacting With Computers Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Frequency of Decision Making [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity English Language Reading Comprehension Written Expression Self Control Clerical Writing Speech Clarity Concern for Others Psychology Critical Thinking Speech Recognition Dependability Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 230 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Government and Public Administration

45-2011 Agricultural Inspectors

Occupation Description: Inspect agricultural commodities, processing equipment, and facilities, and fish and logging operations, to ensure compliance with regulations and laws governing health, quality, and safety. Alternate Job Title(s): Cattle Examiner; Grain Sampler; Milk Tester

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 110 111 0.91 59 96 156 $41,440

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 99.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration).

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Inspect food products and processing procedures to determine whether products are safe to eat. Interpret and enforce government acts and regulations and explain required standards to agricultural workers.

Top Generalized Work Activities Documenting/Recording Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Quality Control Analysis Problem Sensitivity Dependability Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Near Vision Integrity Administration and Management Monitoring Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Law and Government Active Listening Oral Comprehension Cooperation Clerical Critical Thinking Inductive Reasoning Self Control Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 231 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Government and Public Administration

47-4011 Construction and Building Inspectors

Occupation Description: Inspect structures using engineering skills to determine structural soundness and compliance with specifications, building codes, and other regulations. Inspections may be general in nature or may be limited to a specific area, such as electrical systems or plumbing. Alternate Job Title(s): Electrical Inspector; Elevator Inspector; Highway Inspector; Home Inspector

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 241 267 10.826 121 150 297 $61,720

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor installation of plumbing, wiring, equipment, or appliances to ensure that installation is performed properly and is in compliance with applicable regulations. Approve building plans that meet required specifications. Inspect and monitor construction sites to ensure adherence to safety standards, building codes, or specifications. Inspect bridges, dams, highways, buildings, wiring, plumbing, electrical circuits, sewers, heating systems, or foundations during and after construction for structural quality, general safety, or conformance to specifications and codes. Review and interpret plans, blueprints, site layouts, specifications, or construction methods to ensure compliance to legal requirements and safety regulations.

Top Generalized Work Activities Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Getting Information Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Building and Construction Reading Comprehension Inductive Reasoning Dependability Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Mathematics Critical Thinking Oral Expression Self Control Engineering and Technology Complex Problem Solving Deductive Reasoning Cooperation Design

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent 5 years or more Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 232 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Government and Public Administration

53-6051 Transportation Inspectors

Occupation Description: Inspect equipment or goods in connection with the safe transport of cargo or people. Includes rail transportation inspectors, such as freight inspectors, rail inspectors, and other inspectors of transportation vehicles not elsewhere classified. Excludes Transportation Security Screeners (33-9093). Alternate Job Title(s): Aircraft Inspector; Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspector; Railroad Car Inspector

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 68 70 2.92 20 44 66 $89,110

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare and submit reports after completion of freight shipments. Inspect shipments to ensure that freight is securely braced and blocked. Record details about freight conditions, handling of freight, and any problems encountered. Advise crews in techniques of stowing dangerous and heavy cargo. Observe loading of freight to ensure that crews comply with procedures.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Dependability Transportation Speaking Problem Sensitivity Integrity English Language Active Listening Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Writing Oral Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility Mathematics Critical Thinking Speech Clarity Initiative Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 233 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

11-9111 Medical and Health Services Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate medical and health services in hospitals, clinics, managed care organizations, public health agencies, or similar organizations. Alternate Job Title(s): Chief Medical Information Officer; Clinic Director; Clinical Informatics Director; Health Information Services Manager; Hospital Administrator; Medical Records Administrator; Mental Health Program Manager

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 830 1,151 38.7 321 248 434 1,003 $124,470

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 32% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 68%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Develop and maintain computerized record management systems to store and process data, such as personnel activities and information, and to produce reports. Direct, supervise and evaluate work activities of medical, nursing, technical, clerical, service, maintenance, and other personnel. Direct or conduct recruitment, hiring, and training of personnel. Develop and implement organizational policies and procedures for the facility or medical unit. Conduct and administer fiscal operations, including accounting, planning budgets, authorizing expenditures, establishing rates for services, and coordinating financial reporting.

Top Generalized Work Activities Documenting/Recording Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Attention to Detail Administration and Management Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Integrity English Language Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Written Expression Leadership Clerical Writing Speech Clarity Cooperation Personnel and Human Resources

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 234 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

19-1042 Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists

Occupation Description: Conduct research dealing with the understanding of human diseases and the improvement of human health. Engage in clinical investigation, research and development, or other related activities. Includes physicians, dentists, pharmacologists, and medical pathologists who primarily conduct research. Practitioners who primarily provide medical or dental care or dispense drugs are included in Healthcare Diagnosing or Treating Practitioners (29-1000). Alternate Job Title(s): Cancer Researcher; Immunochemist; Toxicologist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 95 122 28.4 27 14 65 106 $75,530

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 25.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 74.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Plan and direct studies to investigate human or animal disease, preventive methods, and treatments for disease. Conduct research to develop methodologies, instrumentation, and procedures for medical application, analyzing data and presenting findings to the scientific audience and general public. Study animal and human health and physiological processes. Follow strict safety procedures when handling toxic materials to avoid contamination. Write and publish articles in scientific journals.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Analyzing Data or Information Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Science Written Comprehension Integrity Biology Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Initiative English Language Writing Inductive Reasoning Dependability Medicine and Dentistry Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Analytical Thinking Administration and Management Active Listening Written Expression Attention to Detail Chemistry

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 235 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-1011 Chiropractors

Occupation Description: Assess, treat, and care for patients by manipulation of spine and musculoskeletal system. May provide spinal adjustment or address sacral or pelvic misalignment. Alternate Job Title(s): Chiropractic Physician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 416 436 4.820 60 35 115 $78,520

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 17.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 82.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 40% and 49%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Evaluate the functioning of the neuromuscularskeletal system and the spine using systems of chiropractic diagnosis. Diagnose health problems by reviewing patients' health and medical histories, questioning, observing, and examining patients and interpreting x- rays. Perform a series of manual adjustments to the spine or other articulations of the body to correct the musculoskeletal system. Obtain and record patients' medical histories. Maintain accurate case histories of patients.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Documenting/Recording Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Medicine and Dentistry Reading Comprehension Inductive Reasoning Concern for Others English Language Speaking Deductive Reasoning Self Control Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Dependability Biology Social Perceptiveness Written Comprehension Leadership Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 236 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-1021 Dentists, General

Occupation Description: Examine, diagnose, and treat diseases, injuries, and malformations of teeth and gums. May treat diseases of nerve, pulp, and other dental tissues affecting oral hygiene and retention of teeth. May fit dental appliances or provide preventive care. Excludes Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (29-1022), Orthodontists (29-1023), Prosthodontists (29- 1024), and Dentists, All Other Specialists (29-1029). Alternate Job Title(s): Family Dentist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 219 230 5.011 46 18 75 $225,770

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 14.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 85.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Use masks, gloves, and safety glasses to protect patients and self from infectious diseases. Examine teeth, gums, and related tissues, using dental instruments, x-rays, or other diagnostic equipment, to evaluate dental health, diagnose diseases or abnormalities, and plan appropriate treatments. Administer anesthetics to limit the amount of pain experienced by patients during procedures. Use dental air turbines, hand instruments, dental appliances, or surgical implements. Formulate plan of treatment for patient's teeth and mouth tissue.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Assisting and Caring for Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)] Frequency of Decision Making [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Finger Dexterity Attention to Detail Medicine and Dentistry Judgment and Decision Making Problem Sensitivity Integrity Customer and Personal Service Monitoring Deductive Reasoning Dependability English Language Complex Problem Solving Near Vision Concern for Others Biology Active Listening Arm-Hand Steadiness Self Control Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 237 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-1031 Dietitians and Nutritionists

Occupation Description: Plan and conduct food service or nutritional programs to assist in the promotion of health and control of disease. May supervise activities of a department providing quantity food services, counsel individuals, or conduct nutritional research. Alternate Job Title(s): Clinical Dietitian; Pediatric Dietician; Public Health Nutritionist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 261 294 12.633 92 77 202 $58,840

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 16.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 83.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor food service operations to ensure conformance to nutritional, safety, sanitation and quality standards. Assess nutritional needs, diet restrictions and current health plans to develop and implement dietary-care plans and provide nutritional counseling. Advise patients and their families on nutritional principles, dietary plans, diet modifications, and food selection and preparation. Counsel individuals and groups on basic rules of good nutrition, healthy eating habits, and nutrition monitoring to improve their quality of life. Consult with physicians and health care personnel to determine nutritional needs and diet restrictions of patient or client.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Deductive Reasoning Concern for Others Customer and Personal Service Monitoring Written Expression Integrity Education and Training Critical Thinking Oral Expression Dependability English Language Speaking Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Biology Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Cooperation Medicine and Dentistry

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Internship/residency

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 238 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-1041 Optometrists

Occupation Description: Diagnose, manage, and treat conditions and diseases of the human eye and visual system. Examine eyes and visual system, diagnose problems or impairments, prescribe corrective lenses, and provide treatment. May prescribe therapeutic drugs to treat specific eye conditions. Ophthalmologists are included in Ophthalmologists, Except Pediatric (29-1241). Alternate Job Title(s): Doctor of Optometry

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 132 145 9.813 26 14 53 $174,290

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 24.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 75.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Examine eyes, using observation, instruments, and pharmaceutical agents, to determine visual acuity and perception, focus, and coordination and to diagnose diseases and other abnormalities, such as glaucoma or color blindness. Prescribe, supply, fit and adjust eyeglasses, contact lenses, and other vision aids. Analyze test results and develop a treatment plan. Prescribe medications to treat eye diseases if state laws permit. Remove foreign bodies from the eye.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Documenting/Recording Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Near Vision Integrity Medicine and Dentistry Critical Thinking Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Speaking Inductive Reasoning Dependability Biology Science Oral Expression Concern for Others Psychology Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Analytical Thinking English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 239 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-1051 Pharmacists

Occupation Description: Dispense drugs prescribed by physicians and other health practitioners and provide information to patients about medications and their use. May advise physicians and other health practitioners on the selection, dosage, interactions, and side effects of medications. Alternate Job Title(s): Apothecary; Hospital Pharmacist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,227 1,305 6.478 265 223 566 $100,560

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 13.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 86.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Review prescriptions to assure accuracy, to ascertain the needed ingredients, and to evaluate their suitability. Provide information and advice regarding drug interactions, side effects, dosage, and proper medication storage. Maintain records, such as pharmacy files, patient profiles, charge system files, inventories, control records for radioactive nuclei, or registries of poisons, narcotics, or controlled drugs. Plan, implement, or maintain procedures for mixing, packaging, or labeling pharmaceuticals, according to policy and legal requirements, to ensure quality, security, and proper disposal. Assess the identity, strength, or purity of medications.

Top Generalized Work Activities Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge Interacting With Computers Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Medicine and Dentistry Active Listening Written Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Dependability Mathematics Writing Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Chemistry Speaking Near Vision Concern for Others English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 240 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-1071 Physician Assistants

Occupation Description: Provide healthcare services typically performed by a physician, under the supervision of a physician. Conduct complete physicals, provide treatment, and counsel patients. May, in some cases, prescribe medication. Must graduate from an accredited educational program for physician assistants. Excludes Registered Nurses (29-1141), Nurse Anesthetists (29-1151), Nurse Midwives (29-1161), Nurse Practitioners (29-1171), Emergency Medical Technicians (29-2042), Paramedics (29-2043), Surgical Assistants (29-9093), and Medical Assistants (31-9092). Alternate Job Title(s): Anesthesiologist Assistant; Family Practice Physician Assistant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 247 335 35.6 88 44 106 238 $112,240

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 37% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 63%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Examine patients to obtain information about their physical condition. Make tentative diagnoses and decisions about management and treatment of patients. Prescribe therapy or medication with physician approval. Administer or order diagnostic tests, such as x-ray, electrocardiogram, and laboratory tests. Interpret diagnostic test results for deviations from normal.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Assisting and Caring for Others Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Inductive Reasoning Integrity Medicine and Dentistry Speaking Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Biology Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Concern for Others Psychology Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability Therapy and Counseling Social Perceptiveness Written Comprehension Stress Tolerance English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 241 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-1122 Occupational Therapists

Occupation Description: Assess, plan, and organize rehabilitative programs that help build or restore vocational, homemaking, and daily living skills, as well as general independence, to persons with disabilities or developmental delays. Use therapeutic techniques, adapt the individual's environment, teach skills, and modify specific tasks that present barriers to the individual. Excludes Rehabilitation Counselors (21-1015). Alternate Job Title(s): Registered Occupational Therapist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 483 577 19.594 120 156 370 $70,350

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 25.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 74.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Complete and maintain necessary records. Test and evaluate patients' physical and mental abilities and analyze medical data to determine realistic rehabilitation goals for patients. Train caregivers in providing for the needs of a patient during and after therapy. Evaluate patients' progress and prepare reports that detail progress. Plan, organize, and conduct occupational therapy programs in hospital, institutional, or community settings to help rehabilitate those impaired because of illness, injury or psychological or developmental problems.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Making Decisions and Solving Problems Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Service Orientation Problem Sensitivity Integrity Therapy and Counseling Monitoring Oral Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility Psychology Speaking Oral Expression Dependability Medicine and Dentistry Social Perceptiveness Deductive Reasoning Concern for Others Education and Training Judgment and Decision Making Inductive Reasoning Self Control English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 242 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-1123 Physical Therapists

Occupation Description: Assess, plan, organize, and participate in rehabilitative programs that improve mobility, relieve pain, increase strength, and improve or correct disabling conditions resulting from disease or injury. Alternate Job Title(s): Geriatric Physical Therapist; Physiotherapist; Pulmonary Physical Therapist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 670 815 21.6 145 138 137 420 $81,630

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 34.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 65.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Plan, prepare, or carry out individually designed programs of physical treatment to maintain, improve, or restore physical functioning, alleviate pain, or prevent physical dysfunction in patients. Perform and document an initial exam, evaluating data to identify problems and determine a diagnosis prior to intervention. Record prognosis, treatment, response, and progress in patient's chart or enter information into computer. Instruct patient and family in treatment procedures to be continued at home. Evaluate effects of treatment at various stages and adjust treatments to achieve maximum benefit.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Documenting/Recording Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Service Orientation Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Concern for Others Therapy and Counseling Active Listening Oral Expression Social Orientation Medicine and Dentistry Speaking Written Expression Dependability Psychology Critical Thinking Information Ordering Self Control English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 243 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-1125 Recreational Therapists

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate medically-approved recreation programs for patients in hospitals, nursing homes, or other institutions. Activities include sports, trips, dramatics, social activities, and crafts. May assess a patient condition and recommend appropriate recreational activity. Excludes Recreation Workers (39-9032). Alternate Job Title(s): Certified Recreational Therapist; Drama Therapist; Therapeutic Recreation Specialist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 84 97 15.513 22 22 57 $40,840

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 22.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 77.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Obtain information from medical records, medical staff, family members and the patients, themselves, to assess patients' capabilities, needs and interests. Conduct therapy sessions to improve patients' mental and physical well-being. Observe, analyze, and record patients' participation, reactions, and progress during treatment sessions, modifying treatment programs as needed. Plan, organize, direct, and participate in treatment programs and activities to facilitate patients' rehabilitation, help them integrate into the community, and prevent further medical problems. Confer with members of treatment team to plan and evaluate therapy programs.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Documenting/Recording Information Scheduling Work and Activities

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Service Orientation Oral Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility Psychology Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Integrity Therapy and Counseling Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Concern for Others Customer and Personal Service Speaking Speech Clarity Cooperation English Language Coordination Inductive Reasoning Dependability Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 244 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-1126 Respiratory Therapists

Occupation Description: Assess, treat, and care for patients with breathing disorders. Assume primary responsibility for all respiratory care modalities, including the supervision of respiratory therapy technicians. Initiate and conduct therapeutic procedures; maintain patient records; and select, assemble, check, and operate equipment. Alternate Job Title(s): Inhalation Therapist; Oxygen Therapist; Registered Respiratory Therapist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 377 494 31.0 117 103 88 308 $59,050

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 38% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 62%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Provide emergency care, such as artificial respiration, external cardiac massage, or assistance with cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Monitor patient's physiological responses to therapy, such as vital signs, arterial blood gases, or blood chemistry changes, and consult with physician if adverse reactions occur. Set up and operate devices, such as mechanical ventilators, therapeutic gas administration apparatus, environmental control systems, or aerosol generators, following specified parameters of treatment. Work as part of a team of physicians, nurses, or other healthcare professionals to manage patient care by assisting with medical procedures or related duties. Maintain charts that contain patients' pertinent identification and therapy information.

Top Generalized Work Activities Documenting/Recording Information Assisting and Caring for Others Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Exposed to Disease or Infections [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Cooperation Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Inductive Reasoning Concern for Others Medicine and Dentistry Active Listening Oral Expression Attention to Detail English Language Speaking Information Ordering Dependability Education and Training Active Learning Oral Comprehension Integrity Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 245 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-1127 Speech-Language Pathologists

Occupation Description: Assess and treat persons with speech, language, voice, and fluency disorders. May select alternative communication systems and teach their use. May perform research related to speech and language problems. Alternate Job Title(s): Public School Speech Therapist; Speech Clinician; Speech Therapist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 553 695 25.7 142 136 192 470 $67,070

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 30.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 69.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor patients' progress and adjust treatments accordingly. Develop or implement treatment plans for problems such as stuttering, delayed language, swallowing disorders, or inappropriate pitch or harsh voice problems, based on own assessments and recommendations of physicians, psychologists, or social workers. Write reports and maintain proper documentation of information, such as client Medicaid or billing records or caseload activities, including the initial evaluation, treatment, progress, and discharge of clients. Evaluate hearing or speech and language test results, barium swallow results, or medical or background information to diagnose and plan treatment for speech, language, fluency, voice, or swallowing disorders. Participate in and write reports for meetings regarding patients' progress, such as individualized educational planning (IEP) meetings, in-service meetings, or intervention assistance team meetings.

Top Generalized Work Activities Developing Objectives and Strategies Getting Information Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Speaking Speech Recognition Concern for Others Psychology Social Perceptiveness Inductive Reasoning Integrity Customer and Personal Service Learning Strategies Written Expression Cooperation Education and Training Critical Thinking Deductive Reasoning Adaptability/Flexibility Therapy and Counseling

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree None Internship/residency

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 246 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-1131 Veterinarians

Occupation Description: Diagnose, treat, or research diseases and injuries of animals. Includes veterinarians who conduct research and development, inspect livestock, or care for pets and companion animals. Alternate Job Title(s): Animal Surgeon; Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM); Veterinary Cardiologist; Veterinary Medicine Scientist; Veterinary Radiologist; Wildlife Veterinarian

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 243 279 14.836 43 39 118 $94,680

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 30.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 69.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Treat sick or injured animals by prescribing medication, setting bones, dressing wounds, or performing surgery. Inoculate animals against various diseases, such as rabies or distemper. Examine animals to detect and determine the nature of diseases or injuries. Collect body tissue, feces, blood, urine, or other body fluids for examination and analysis. Operate diagnostic equipment, such as radiographic or ultrasound equipment, and interpret the resulting images.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Getting Information Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Integrity Biology Active Listening Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Medicine and Dentistry Active Learning Oral Expression Analytical Thinking Customer and Personal Service Speaking Problem Sensitivity Stress Tolerance English Language Complex Problem Solving Inductive Reasoning Dependability Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 247 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-1141 Registered Nurses

Occupation Description: Assess patient health problems and needs, develop and implement nursing care plans, and maintain medical records. Administer nursing care to ill, injured, convalescent, or disabled patients. May advise patients on health maintenance and disease prevention or provide case management. Licensing or registration required. Includes Clinical Nurse Specialists. Excludes Nurse Anesthetists (29-1151), Nurse Midwives (29-1161), and Nurse Practitioners (29-1171). Alternate Job Title(s): Coronary Care Unit Nurse; Hospice Registered Nurse; Psychiatric Nurse

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 10,372 11,869 14.41,497 3,015 2,314 6,826 $66,290

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 21.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 78.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Maintain accurate, detailed reports and records. Administer medications to patients and monitor patients for reactions or side effects. Record patients' medical information and vital signs. Monitor, record, and report symptoms or changes in patients' conditions. Consult and coordinate with healthcare team members to assess, plan, implement, or evaluate patient care plans.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Documenting/Recording Information Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Social Perceptiveness Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Medicine and Dentistry Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Comprehension Cooperation Psychology Service Orientation Deductive Reasoning Stress Tolerance English Language Coordination Inductive Reasoning Dependability Therapy and Counseling

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 248 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-1151 Nurse Anesthetists

Occupation Description: Administer anesthesia, monitor patient's vital signs, and oversee patient recovery from anesthesia. May assist anesthesiologists, surgeons, other physicians, or dentists. Must be registered nurses who have specialized graduate education. Alternate Job Title(s): Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 139 167 20.1 28 28 45 101 $195,010

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 27.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 72.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Manage patients' airway or pulmonary status, using techniques such as endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, pharmacological support, respiratory therapy, and extubation. Select, prepare, or use equipment, monitors, supplies, or drugs for the administration of anesthetics. Select, order, or administer anesthetics, adjuvant drugs, accessory drugs, fluids or blood products as necessary. Monitor patients' responses, including skin color, pupil dilation, pulse, heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, ventilation, or urine output, using invasive and noninvasive techniques. Perform pre-anesthetic screenings, including physical evaluations and patient interviews, and document results.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Making Decisions and Solving Problems Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Stress Tolerance Medicine and Dentistry Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Biology Active Learning Information Ordering Dependability English Language Monitoring Oral Expression Integrity Chemistry Speaking Near Vision Self Control Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 249 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-1171 Nurse Practitioners

Occupation Description: Diagnose and treat acute, episodic, or chronic illness, independently or as part of a healthcare team. May focus on health promotion and disease prevention. May order, perform, or interpret diagnostic tests such as lab work and x rays. May prescribe medication. Must be registered nurses who have specialized graduate education. Alternate Job Title(s): Cardiology Nurse Practitioner; Family Practice Nurse Practitioner; Gerontological Nurse Practitioner

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 523 835 59.7 312 141 194 647 $110,950

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 48.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 51.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Analyze and interpret patients' histories, symptoms, physical findings, or diagnostic information to develop appropriate diagnoses. Diagnose or treat acute health care problems, such as illnesses, infections, or injuries. Recommend diagnostic or therapeutic interventions with attention to safety, cost, invasiveness, simplicity, acceptability, adherence, and efficacy. Prescribe medications based on efficacy, safety, and cost as legally authorized. Educate patients about self-management of acute or chronic illnesses, tailoring instructions to patients' individual circumstances.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Getting Information Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Integrity Medicine and Dentistry Social Perceptiveness Deductive Reasoning Dependability Psychology Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Concern for Others English Language Critical Thinking Inductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Therapy and Counseling Active Learning Written Comprehension Cooperation Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 250 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-1216 General Internal Medicine Physicians

Occupation Description: Diagnose and provide nonsurgical treatment for a wide range of diseases and injuries of internal organ systems. Provide care mainly for adults and adolescents, and are based primarily in an outpatient care setting. Excludes Family Medicine Physicians (29-1215) and Pediatricians, General (29-1221). Alternate Job Title(s): General Internist; Internal Medicine Physician; Internist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 61 63 3.32 10 7 19 $266,540

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Treat internal disorders, such as hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, or problems of the lung, brain, kidney, or gastrointestinal tract. Prescribe or administer medication, therapy, and other specialized medical care to treat or prevent illness, disease, or injury. Explain procedures and discuss test results or prescribed treatments with patients. Manage and treat common health problems, such as infections, influenza or pneumonia, as well as serious, chronic, and complex illnesses, in adolescents, adults, and the elderly. Analyze records, reports, test results, or examination information to diagnose medical condition of patient.

Top Generalized Work Activities Documenting/Recording Information Assisting and Caring for Others Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Exposed to Disease or Infections [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Science Inductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Medicine and Dentistry Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Integrity English Language Speaking Oral Expression Dependability Customer and Personal Service Judgment and Decision Making Oral Comprehension Concern for Others Therapy and Counseling Complex Problem Solving Written Comprehension Stress Tolerance Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None Internship/residency

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 251 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-1292 Dental Hygienists

Occupation Description: Administer oral hygiene care to patients. Assess patient oral hygiene problems or needs and maintain health records. Advise patients on oral health maintenance and disease prevention. May provide advanced care such as providing fluoride treatment or administering topical anesthesia. Alternate Job Title(s): Oral Hygienist; Registered Dental Hygienist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 558 605 8.447 222 122 391 $72,550

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Clean calcareous deposits, accretions, and stains from teeth and beneath margins of gums, using dental instruments. Record and review patient medical histories. Examine gums, using probes, to locate periodontal recessed gums and signs of gum disease. Feel and visually examine gums for sores and signs of disease. Expose and develop x-ray film.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Getting Information Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Exposed to Disease or Infections [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Problem Sensitivity Dependability Medicine and Dentistry Active Listening Near Vision Concern for Others Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Integrity Psychology Service Orientation Finger Dexterity Cooperation Biology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 252 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-2010 Clinical Laboratory Technologists and Technicians

Occupation Description: Perform routine or complex medical laboratory tests for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists may train or supervise staff. Alternate Job Title(s): Blood Bank Laboratory Technologist; Cytogenetic Technologist; Immunohematologist; Histology Technician; Pathology Technician; Serology Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,208 1,364 12.9156 333 370 859 $51,570

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 18.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 81.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Conduct chemical analyses of body fluids, such as blood or urine, using microscope or automatic analyzer to detect abnormalities or diseases and enter findings into computer. Analyze the results of tests or experiments to ensure conformity to specifications, using special mechanical or electrical devices. Set up, maintain, calibrate, clean, and test sterility of medical laboratory equipment. Prepare standard volumetric solutions or reagents to be combined with samples, following standardized formulas or experimental procedures. Collect blood or tissue samples from patients, observing principles of asepsis to obtain blood sample.

Top Generalized Work Activities Processing Information Interacting With Computers Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Near Vision Attention to Detail Chemistry Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Dependability Biology Critical Thinking Information Ordering Integrity English Language Speaking Problem Sensitivity Independence Mathematics Science Oral Comprehension Analytical Thinking Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 253 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-2031 Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Occupation Description: Conduct tests on pulmonary or cardiovascular systems of patients for diagnostic, therapeutic, or research purposes. May conduct or assist in electrocardiograms, cardiac catheterizations, pulmonary functions, lung capacity, and similar tests. Alternate Job Title(s): Cardiac Catheterization Technologist; EKG Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 222 254 14.432 57 58 147 $59,550

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 21.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 78.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Conduct electrocardiogram (EKG), phonocardiogram, echocardiogram, stress testing, or other cardiovascular tests to record patients' cardiac activity, using specialized electronic test equipment, recording devices, or laboratory instruments. Explain testing procedures to patients to obtain cooperation and reduce anxiety. Monitor patients' blood pressure and heart rate using electrocardiogram (EKG) equipment during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures to notify the physician if something appears wrong. Obtain and record patient identification, medical history, or test results. Monitor patients' comfort and safety during tests, alerting physicians to abnormalities or changes in patient responses.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Documenting/Recording Information Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Concern for Others Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Expression Attention to Detail Medicine and Dentistry Critical Thinking Near Vision Cooperation English Language Monitoring Oral Comprehension Dependability Computers and Electronics Operation Monitoring Speech Recognition Stress Tolerance Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 254 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-2032 Diagnostic Medical Sonographers

Occupation Description: Produce ultrasonic recordings of internal organs for use by physicians. Includes vascular technologists. Excludes Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians (29-2031). Alternate Job Title(s): Echocardiographer; Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer; Ultrasound Technologist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 264 332 25.8 68 71 73 212 $70,760

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 32.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 67.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Observe screen during scan to ensure that image produced is satisfactory for diagnostic purposes, making adjustments to equipment as required. Observe and care for patients throughout examinations to ensure their safety and comfort. Provide sonogram and oral or written summary of technical findings to physician for use in medical diagnosis. Select appropriate equipment settings and adjust patient positions to obtain the best sites and angles. Operate ultrasound equipment to produce and record images of the motion, shape, and composition of blood, organs, tissues, or bodily masses, such as fluid accumulations.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Getting Information Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Social Perceptiveness Problem Sensitivity Independence Physics Speaking Near Vision Integrity Medicine and Dentistry Monitoring Oral Expression Concern for Others Clerical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 255 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-2033 Nuclear Medicine Technologists

Occupation Description: Prepare, administer, and measure radioactive isotopes in therapeutic, diagnostic, and tracer studies using a variety of radioisotope equipment. Prepare stock solutions of radioactive materials and calculate doses to be administered by radiologists. Subject patients to radiation. Execute blood volume, red cell survival, and fat absorption studies following standard laboratory techniques. Alternate Job Title(s): Certified Nuclear Medicine Technologist; Nuclear Cardiology Technologist; Radioisotope Technologist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 77 87 13.010 20 20 50 $76,130

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 20% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 80%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Administer radiopharmaceuticals or radiation intravenously to detect or treat diseases, using radioisotope equipment, under direction of a physician. Detect and map radiopharmaceuticals in patients' bodies, using a camera to produce photographic or computer images. Process cardiac function studies, using computer. Calculate, measure, and record radiation dosage or radiopharmaceuticals received, used, and disposed, using computer and following physician's prescription. Record and process results of procedures.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Interacting With Computers Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Exposed to Radiation [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Oral Expression Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Comprehension Concern for Others Biology Speaking Problem Sensitivity Dependability English Language Monitoring Near Vision Cooperation Physics Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Integrity Medicine and Dentistry

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 256 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-2034 Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Occupation Description: Take x-rays and CAT scans or administer nonradioactive materials into patient's bloodstream for diagnostic or research purposes. Includes radiologic technologists and technicians who specialize in other scanning modalities. Excludes Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (29-2032) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists (29-2035). Alternate Job Title(s): Computed Tomography (CT) Scanner Operator; X-Ray Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 841 955 13.6114 214 219 547 $55,400

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 20.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 79.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Review and evaluate developed x-rays, video tape, or computer-generated information to determine if images are satisfactory for diagnostic purposes. Operate or oversee operation of radiologic or magnetic imaging equipment to produce images of the body for diagnostic purposes. Position patient on examining table and set up and adjust equipment to obtain optimum view of specific body area as requested by physician. Process exposed radiographs using film processors or computer generated methods. Use radiation safety measures and protection devices to comply with government regulations and to ensure safety of patients and staff.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Getting Information Performing for or Working Directly with the Public

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Comprehension Concern for Others Medicine and Dentistry Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Dependability English Language Social Perceptiveness Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Critical Thinking Near Vision Cooperation Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 257 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-2035 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists

Occupation Description: Operate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners. Monitor patient safety and comfort, and view images of area being scanned to ensure quality of pictures. May administer gadolinium contrast dosage intravenously. May interview patient, explain MRI procedures, and position patient on examining table. May enter into the computer data such as patient history, anatomical area to be scanned, orientation specified, and position of entry. Alternate Job Title(s): Computed Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CT/MRI) Technologist; MRI Technologist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 112 127 13.415 29 29 73 $63,020

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 20.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 79.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Operate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners. Select appropriate imaging techniques or coils to produce required images. Intravenously inject contrast dyes, such as gadolinium contrast, in accordance with scope of practice. Position patients on cradle, attaching immobilization devices, if needed, to ensure appropriate placement for imaging. Conduct screening interviews of patients to identify contraindications, such as ferrous objects, pregnancy, prosthetic heart valves, cardiac pacemakers, or tattoos.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Interacting With Computers Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Expression Attention to Detail English Language Speaking Problem Sensitivity Concern for Others Medicine and Dentistry Monitoring Near Vision Self Control Biology Operation Monitoring Written Comprehension Integrity Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 258 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-2040 Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Occupation Description: Assess injuries, administer emergency medical care, and extricate trapped individuals. Transport injured or sick persons to medical facilities. Alternate Job Title(s): N/A

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 878 970 10.592 154 375 621 $35,150

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 14.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 85.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Administer first aid treatment or life support care to sick or injured persons in prehospital settings. Operate equipment, such as electrocardiograms (EKGs), external defibrillators, or bag valve mask resuscitators, in advanced life support environments. Perform emergency diagnostic and treatment procedures, such as stomach suction, airway management, or heart monitoring, during ambulance ride. Observe, record, and report to physician the patient's condition or injury, the treatment provided, and reactions to drugs or treatment. Assess nature and extent of illness or injury to establish and prioritize medical procedures.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Documenting/Recording Information Performing for or Working Directly with the Public

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)] Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results [Very important results] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Concern for Others Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Deductive Reasoning Stress Tolerance Medicine and Dentistry Coordination Inductive Reasoning Self Control Public Safety and Security Speaking Oral Expression Integrity English Language Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension Dependability Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 259 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-2051 Dietetic Technicians

Occupation Description: Assist in the provision of food service and nutritional programs, under the supervision of a dietitian. May plan and produce meals based on established guidelines, teach principles of food and nutrition, or counsel individuals. Alternate Job Title(s): Dietary Technician; Registered Diet Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 137 150 9.513 41 66 120 $31,990

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Observe patient food intake and report progress and dietary problems to dietician. Prepare a major meal, following recipes and determining group food quantities. Supervise food production or service or assist dietitians or nutritionists in food service supervision or planning. Plan menus or diets or guide individuals or families in food selection, preparation, or menu planning, based upon nutritional needs and established guidelines. Analyze menus or recipes, standardize recipes, or test new products.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Making Decisions and Solving Problems Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Dependability Food Production Reading Comprehension Deductive Reasoning Concern for Others English Language Monitoring Oral Expression Integrity Public Safety and Security Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Cooperation Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Written Comprehension Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 260 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-2052 Pharmacy Technicians

Occupation Description: Prepare medications under the direction of a pharmacist. May measure, mix, count out, label, and record amounts and dosages of medications according to prescription orders. Alternate Job Title(s): Certified Pharmacy Technician; Pharmacist Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 898 1,024 14.0126 273 439 838 $39,770

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 15% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 85%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Receive written prescription or refill requests and verify that information is complete and accurate. Prepack bulk medicines, fill bottles with prescribed medications, and type and affix labels. Answer telephones, responding to questions or requests. Maintain proper storage and security conditions for drugs. Assist customers by answering simple questions, locating items, or referring them to the pharmacist for medication information.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Interacting With Computers Performing for or Working Directly with the Public

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Near Vision Integrity English Language Speaking Written Comprehension Cooperation Mathematics Critical Thinking Oral Expression Concern for Others Medicine and Dentistry Service Orientation Speech Recognition Dependability Clerical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 261 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-2055 Surgical Technologists

Occupation Description: Assist in operations, under the supervision of surgeons, registered nurses, or other surgical personnel. May help set up operating room, prepare and transport patients for surgery, adjust lights and equipment, pass instruments and other supplies to surgeons and surgeons' assistants, hold retractors, cut sutures, and help count sponges, needles, supplies, and instruments. Excludes Surgical Assistants (29-9093). Alternate Job Title(s): Certified Surgical Technologist; OR Tech; Surgical Scrub Technologist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 267 308 15.441 82 131 254 $47,110

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 16.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 83.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Maintain a proper sterile field during surgical procedures. Count sponges, needles, and instruments before and after operation. Scrub arms and hands and assist the surgical team to scrub and put on gloves, masks, and surgical clothing. Prepare patients for surgery, including positioning patients on the operating table and covering them with sterile surgical drapes to prevent exposure. Provide technical assistance to surgeons, surgical nurses, or anesthesiologists.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Assisting and Caring for Others Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Dependability Medicine and Dentistry Operation Monitoring Near Vision Self Control English Language Coordination Speech Recognition Integrity Education and Training Time Management Arm-Hand Steadiness Stress Tolerance

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 262 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-2056 Veterinary Technologists and Technicians

Occupation Description: Perform medical tests in a laboratory environment for use in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases in animals. Prepare vaccines and serums for prevention of diseases. Prepare tissue samples, take blood samples, and execute laboratory tests, such as urinalysis and blood counts. Clean and sterilize instruments and materials and maintain equipment and machines. May assist a veterinarian during surgery. Alternate Job Title(s): Veterinary Laboratory Technician; Veterinary Surgery Technologist; Veterinary X-Ray Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 327 380 16.253 100 161 314 $34,090

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 16.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 83.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Administer anesthesia to animals, under the direction of a veterinarian, and monitor animals' responses to anesthetics so that dosages can be adjusted. Care for and monitor the condition of animals recovering from surgery. Maintain controlled drug inventory and related log books. Perform laboratory tests on blood, urine, or feces, such as urinalyses or blood counts, to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of animal health problems. Prepare and administer medications, vaccines, serums, or treatments, as prescribed by veterinarians.

Top Generalized Work Activities Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Assisting and Caring for Others Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Attention to Detail Medicine and Dentistry Critical Thinking Near Vision Stress Tolerance Customer and Personal Service Speaking Inductive Reasoning Dependability Biology Reading Comprehension Deductive Reasoning Integrity English Language Complex Problem Solving Problem Sensitivity Cooperation Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 263 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-2057 Ophthalmic Medical Technicians

Occupation Description: Assist ophthalmologists by performing ophthalmic clinical functions. May administer eye exams, administer eye medications, and instruct the patient in care and use of corrective lenses. Alternate Job Title(s): Ocular Care Technologist; Ophthalmic Technologist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 295 349 18.354 91 147 292 $40,000

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 18.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 81.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Take and document patients' medical histories. Operate ophthalmic equipment, such as autorefractors, phoropters, tomographs, or retinoscopes. Conduct tonometry or tonography tests to measure intraocular pressure. Take anatomical or functional ocular measurements of the eye or surrounding tissue, such as axial length measurements. Measure visual acuity, including near, distance, pinhole, or dynamic visual acuity, using appropriate tests.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Assisting and Caring for Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Expression Self Control Medicine and Dentistry Social Perceptiveness Near Vision Attention to Detail English Language Service Orientation Speech Clarity Dependability Mathematics Reading Comprehension Written Expression Concern for Others

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 264 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-2061 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Occupation Description: Care for ill, injured, or convalescing patients or persons with disabilities in hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, private homes, group homes, and similar institutions. May work under the supervision of a registered nurse. Licensing required. Alternate Job Title(s): LPN; LVN; Pediatric Licensed Practical Nurse

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 2,616 2,946 12.6330 905 1,005 2,240 $46,760

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 14.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 85.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Administer prescribed medications or start intravenous fluids, noting times and amounts on patients' charts. Observe patients, charting and reporting changes in patients' conditions, such as adverse reactions to medication or treatment, and taking any necessary action. Answer patients' calls and determine how to assist them. Provide basic patient care or treatments, such as taking temperatures or blood pressures, dressing wounds, treating bedsores, giving enemas or douches, rubbing with alcohol, massaging, or performing catheterizations. Measure and record patients' vital signs, such as height, weight, temperature, blood pressure, pulse, or respiration.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Documenting/Recording Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Service Orientation Speech Clarity Dependability Medicine and Dentistry Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Self Control Psychology Active Listening Written Comprehension Integrity English Language Speaking Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Therapy and Counseling

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 265 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-2081 Opticians, Dispensing

Occupation Description: Design, measure, fit, and adapt lenses and frames for client according to written optical prescription or specification. Assist client with inserting, removing, and caring for contact lenses. Assist client with selecting frames. Measure customer for size of eyeglasses and coordinate frames with facial and eye measurements and optical prescription. Prepare work order for optical laboratory containing instructions for grinding and mounting lenses in frames. Verify exactness of finished lens spectacles. Adjust frame and lens position to fit client. May shape or reshape frames. Includes contact lens opticians. Alternate Job Title(s): Contact Lens Fitter; Eyeglass Fitter

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 361 400 10.839 157 114 310 $37,470

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 87.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Evaluate prescriptions in conjunction with clients' vocational and avocational visual requirements. Recommend specific lenses, lens coatings, and frames to suit client needs. Verify that finished lenses are ground to specifications. Measure clients' bridge and eye size, temple length, vertex distance, pupillary distance, and optical centers of eyes, using measuring devices. Sell goods such as contact lenses, spectacles, sunglasses, and goods related to eyes, in general.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Making Decisions and Solving Problems Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Sales and Marketing Reading Comprehension Near Vision Self Control Mathematics Critical Thinking Written Expression Dependability English Language Service Orientation Written Comprehension Cooperation Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 266 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-2091 Orthotists and Prosthetists

Occupation Description: Design, measure, fit, and adapt orthopedic braces, appliances or prostheses, such as limbs or facial parts for patients with disabling conditions. Alternate Job Title(s): Artificial Limb Fitter; Certified Orthotic Fitter; Pedorthist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 76 96 26.3 20 23 31 74 $67,300

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 27% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 73%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Retail Trade.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Maintain patients' records. Fit, test, and evaluate devices on patients, and make adjustments for proper fit, function, and comfort. Examine, interview, and measure patients to determine their appliance needs and to identify factors that could affect appliance fit. Instruct patients in the use and care of orthoses and prostheses. Design orthopedic and prosthetic devices, based on physicians' prescriptions and examination and measurement of patients.

Top Generalized Work Activities Documenting/Recording Information Assisting and Caring for Others Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Written Expression Concern for Others Design Writing Inductive Reasoning Attention to Detail English Language Speaking Problem Sensitivity Dependability Production and Processing Critical Thinking Near Vision Self Control Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree None Internship/residency

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 267 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

29-9091 Athletic Trainers

Occupation Description: Evaluate and treat musculoskeletal injuries or illnesses. Provide preventive, therapeutic, emergency, and rehabilitative care. Excludes Physical Therapists (29-1123). Alternate Job Title(s): Certified Athletic Trainer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 151 178 17.927 34 48 109 $46,110

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 24.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 75.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Evaluate athletes' readiness to play and provide participation clearances when necessary and warranted. Care for athletic injuries, using physical therapy equipment, techniques, or medication. Conduct an initial assessment of an athlete's injury or illness to provide emergency or continued care and to determine whether they should be referred to physicians for definitive diagnosis and treatment. Assess and report the progress of recovering athletes to coaches or physicians. Perform general administrative tasks, such as keeping records or writing reports.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Documenting/Recording Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Dependability Medicine and Dentistry Monitoring Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Therapy and Counseling Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Concern for Others Customer and Personal Service Speaking Deductive Reasoning Adaptability/Flexibility Education and Training Active Learning Inductive Reasoning Integrity English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 268 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

31-1120 Home Health and Personal Care Aides

Occupation Description: Monitor the health status of an individual with disabilities or illness, and address their routine health-related and personal care needs, such as changing bandages, dressing wounds, or administering medication; or providing personalized assistance with routine personal care and activities of daily living support (e.g. feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, and ambulation). Work may be performed under the direction of offsite or intermittent onsite licensed nursing staff; or in various settings depending on the needs of the care recipient and may include locations such as their home, place of work, out in the community, or at a daytime nonresidential facility. May also help with tasks such as preparing meals, doing light housekeeping, and doing laundry. Alternate Job Title(s): Home Health Attendant; Home Hospice Aide; Blind Escort; Elderly Companion; Geriatric Personal Care Aide

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 6,658 8,522 28.0 1,864 4,681 3,869 10,414 $33,330

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 17.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 82.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Maintain records of patient care, condition, progress, or problems to report and discuss observations with supervisor or case manager. Provide patients with help moving in and out of beds, baths, wheelchairs, or automobiles and with dressing and grooming. Bathe patients. Care for patients by changing bed linens, washing and ironing laundry, cleaning, or assisting with their personal care. Entertain, converse with, or read aloud to patients to keep them mentally healthy and alert.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Contact with others most of the time] Physical Proximity [Moderately close (at arm's length)] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Very important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Oral Comprehension Self Control English Language Social Perceptiveness Problem Sensitivity Dependability Critical Thinking Near Vision Concern for Others Monitoring Inductive Reasoning Attention to Detail

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 269 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

31-1131 Nursing Assistants

Occupation Description: Provide or assist with basic care or support under the direction of onsite licensed nursing staff. Perform duties such as monitoring of health status, feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, or ambulation of patients in a health or nursing facility. May include medication administration and other health-related tasks. Includes nursing care attendants, nursing aides, and nursing attendants. Excludes Home Health Aides (31-1121), Personal Care Aides (31-1122), Orderlies (31-1132), and Psychiatric Aides (31-1133). Alternate Job Title(s): Certified Nurse Aide; Certified Nursing Assistant; Nursing Care Attendant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 8,455 9,295 9.9840 4,760 4,316 9,916 $34,320

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Turn or reposition bedridden patients. Answer patient call signals, signal lights, bells, or intercom systems to determine patients' needs. Feed patients or assist patients to eat or drink. Measure and record food and liquid intake or urinary and fecal output, reporting changes to medical or nursing staff. Document or otherwise report observations of patient behavior, complaints, or physical symptoms to nurses.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important] Spend Time Walking and Running [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Service Orientation Problem Sensitivity Concern for Others Customer and Personal Service Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension Dependability Administration and Management Active Listening Near Vision Self Control English Language Monitoring Oral Expression Integrity Public Safety and Security Coordination Speech Recognition Attention to Detail Medicine and Dentistry

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 270 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

31-1132 Orderlies

Occupation Description: Transport patients to areas such as operating rooms or x-ray rooms using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds. May maintain stocks of supplies or clean and transport equipment. Excludes Nursing Assistants (31-1131). Psychiatric orderlies are included in Psychiatric Aides (31-1133). Alternate Job Title(s): Hospital Orderly; Medical Orderly; Surgical Orderly

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 78 86 10.38 44 40 92 $34,000

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Lift or assist others to lift patients to move them on or off beds, examination tables, surgical tables, or stretchers. Transport patients to treatment units, testing units, operating rooms, or other areas, using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds. Disinfect or sterilize equipment or supplies, using germicides or sterilizing equipment. Clean equipment, such as wheelchairs, hospital beds, or portable medical equipment, documenting needed repairs or maintenance. Respond to emergency situations, such as emergency medical calls, security calls, or fire alarms.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Performing General Physical Activities Handling and Moving Objects

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Exposed to Disease or Infections [Every day] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension Concern for Others Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Trunk Strength Self Control Public Safety and Security Active Listening Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Speaking Problem Sensitivity Cooperation Speech Recognition Dependability

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 271 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

31-1133 Psychiatric Aides

Occupation Description: Assist mentally impaired or emotionally disturbed patients, working under direction of nursing and medical staff. May assist with daily living activities, lead patients in educational and recreational activities, or accompany patients to and from examinations and treatments. May restrain violent patients. Includes psychiatric orderlies. Alternate Job Title(s): Mental Health Orderly; Psychiatric Nursing Aide; Psychiatric Technician Assistant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 372 453 21.8 81 221 201 503 N/A

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 16.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 83.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Record and maintain patient information, such as vital signs, eating habits, behavior, progress notes, treatments, or discharge plans. Listen and provide emotional support and encouragement to psychiatric patients. Complete physical checks and monitor patients to detect unusual or harmful behavior and report observations to professional staff. Restrain or aid patients as necessary to prevent injury. Serve meals or feed patients needing assistance or persuasion.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Exposed to Disease or Infections [Every day] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Self Control Psychology Service Orientation Oral Comprehension Concern for Others English Language Speaking Problem Sensitivity Stress Tolerance Customer and Personal Service Monitoring Inductive Reasoning Integrity Therapy and Counseling Active Listening Deductive Reasoning Dependability Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 272 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

31-2011 Occupational Therapy Assistants

Occupation Description: Assist occupational therapists in providing occupational therapy treatments and procedures. May, in accordance with state laws, assist in development of treatment plans, carry out routine functions, direct activity programs, and document the progress of treatments. Generally requires formal training. Alternate Job Title(s): Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant; Licensed Occupational Therapy Assistant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 132 170 28.8 38 67 78 183 $54,240

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 20.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 79.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Select therapy activities to fit patients' needs and capabilities. Monitor patients' performance in therapy activities, providing encouragement. Instruct, or assist in instructing, patients and families in home programs, basic living skills, or the care and use of adaptive equipment. Maintain and promote a positive attitude toward clients and their treatment programs. Observe and record patients' progress, attitudes, and behavior and maintain this information in client records.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Getting Information Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Problem Sensitivity Adaptability/Flexibility Psychology Writing Oral Comprehension Self Control English Language Time Management Written Expression Dependability Education and Training Social Perceptiveness Written Comprehension Cooperation Therapy and Counseling

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 273 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

31-2012 Occupational Therapy Aides

Occupation Description: Under close supervision of an occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant, perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing patient and treatment room. Alternate Job Title(s): Occupational Rehabilitation Aide; Occupational Therapist Aide

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 54 63 16.79 26 30 65 $40,810

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 13.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 86.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Encourage patients and attend to their physical needs to facilitate the attainment of therapeutic goals. Report to supervisors or therapists, verbally or in writing, on patients' progress, attitudes, attendance, and accomplishments. Observe patients' attendance, progress, attitudes, and accomplishments and record and maintain information in client records. Prepare and maintain work area, materials, and equipment and maintain inventory of treatment and educational supplies. Transport patients to and from the occupational therapy work area.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Service Orientation Problem Sensitivity Cooperation Therapy and Counseling Speaking Oral Comprehension Concern for Others English Language Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Dependability Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Deductive Reasoning Adaptability/Flexibility Psychology Coordination Speech Recognition Integrity Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 274 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

31-2021 Physical Therapist Assistants

Occupation Description: Assist physical therapists in providing physical therapy treatments and procedures. May, in accordance with state laws, assist in the development of treatment plans, carry out routine functions, document the progress of treatment, and modify specific treatments in accordance with patient status and within the scope of treatment plans established by a physical therapist. Generally requires formal training. Alternate Job Title(s): Licensed Physical Therapist Assistant; Physiotherapy Assistant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 133 175 31.6 42 60 100 202 $46,830

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 20.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 79.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Instruct, motivate, safeguard, and assist patients as they practice exercises or functional activities. Document patient information, such as notes on their progress. Observe patients during treatments to compile and evaluate data on their responses and progress and provide results to physical therapist in person or through progress notes. Instruct patients in proper body mechanics and in ways to improve functional mobility, such as aquatic exercise. Secure patients into or onto therapy equipment.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Dependability Customer and Personal Service Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension Integrity Therapy and Counseling Speaking Speech Recognition Cooperation English Language Monitoring Speech Clarity Self Control Education and Training Service Orientation Problem Sensitivity Concern for Others Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 275 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

31-2022 Physical Therapist Aides

Occupation Description: Under close supervision of a physical therapist or physical therapy assistant, perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing the patient and the treatment area. Alternate Job Title(s): Clinical Rehabilitation Aide; Physical Therapy Aide

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 154 179 16.225 65 108 198 $32,040

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 87.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Clean and organize work area and disinfect equipment after treatment. Instruct, motivate, safeguard, or assist patients practicing exercises or functional activities, under direction of medical staff. Record treatment given and equipment used. Administer active or passive manual therapeutic exercises, therapeutic massage, or heat, light, sound, water, or electrical modality treatments, such as ultrasound. Transport patients to and from treatment areas, using wheelchairs or providing standing support.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Performing General Physical Activities

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Cooperation Therapy and Counseling Service Orientation Speech Recognition Integrity Education and Training Coordination Problem Sensitivity Concern for Others English Language Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Self Control Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 276 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

31-9091 Dental Assistants

Occupation Description: Perform limited clinical duties under the direction of a dentist. Clinical duties may include equipment preparation and sterilization, preparing patients for treatment, assisting the dentist during treatment, and providing patients with instructions for oral healthcare procedures. May perform administrative duties such as scheduling appointments, maintaining medical records, billing, and coding information for insurance purposes. Alternate Job Title(s): Certified Dental Assistant; Orthodontic Assistant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 737 803 9.066 331 440 837 $47,140

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare patient, sterilize or disinfect instruments, set up instrument trays, prepare materials, or assist dentist during dental procedures. Record treatment information in patient records. Expose dental diagnostic x-rays. Take and record medical and dental histories and vital signs of patients. Assist dentist in management of medical or dental emergencies.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Getting Information Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Cooperation Medicine and Dentistry Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Attention to Detail English Language Speaking Speech Recognition Integrity Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Near Vision Dependability Education and Training Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Self Control Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 277 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

31-9092 Medical Assistants

Occupation Description: Perform administrative and certain clinical duties under the direction of a physician. Administrative duties may include scheduling appointments, maintaining medical records, billing, and coding information for insurance purposes. Clinical duties may include taking and recording vital signs and medical histories, preparing patients for examination, drawing blood, and administering medications as directed by physician. Excludes Physician Assistants (29-1071). Alternate Job Title(s): Chiropractic Assistant; Morgue Attendant; Orthopedic Cast Specialist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 409 514 25.7 105 177 282 564 $37,170

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 18.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 81.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Record patients' medical history, vital statistics, or information such as test results in medical records. Prepare treatment rooms for patient examinations, keeping the rooms neat and clean. Interview patients to obtain medical information and measure their vital signs, weight, and height. Show patients to examination rooms and prepare them for the physician. Prepare and administer medications as directed by a physician.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Documenting/Recording Information Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Dependability Medicine and Dentistry Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Integrity English Language Active Listening Written Comprehension Cooperation Clerical Monitoring Speech Clarity Self Control Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 278 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

31-9093 Medical Equipment Preparers

Occupation Description: Prepare, sterilize, install, or clean laboratory or healthcare equipment. May perform routine laboratory tasks and operate or inspect equipment. Alternate Job Title(s): Central Sterile Supply Technician; Sterilization Specialist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 322 369 14.647 182 183 412 $37,170

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Operate and maintain steam autoclaves, keeping records of loads completed, items in loads, and maintenance procedures performed. Clean instruments to prepare them for sterilization. Record sterilizer test results. Organize and assemble routine or specialty surgical instrument trays or other sterilized supplies, filling special requests as needed. Examine equipment to detect leaks, worn or loose parts, or other indications of disrepair.

Top Generalized Work Activities Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards Documenting/Recording Information Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Near Vision Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Quality Control Analysis Problem Sensitivity Dependability English Language Monitoring Oral Comprehension Cooperation Biology Operation Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Independence Production and Processing Active Listening Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 279 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

31-9094 Medical Transcriptionists

Occupation Description: Transcribe medical reports recorded by physicians and other healthcare practitioners using various electronic devices, covering office visits, emergency room visits, diagnostic imaging studies, operations, chart reviews, and final summaries. Transcribe dictated reports and translate abbreviations into fully understandable form. Edit as necessary and return reports in either printed or electronic form for review and signature, or correction. Alternate Job Title(s): Medical Stenographer; Medical Transcriber; Pathology Transcriptionist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 282 243 -13.8 -39 144 173 278 $37,050

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Take dictation using shorthand, a stenotype machine, or headsets and transcribing machines. Return dictated reports in printed or electronic form for physician's review, signature, and corrections and for inclusion in patients' medical records. Review and edit transcribed reports or dictated material for spelling, grammar, clarity, consistency, and proper medical terminology. Transcribe dictation for a variety of medical reports, such as patient histories, physical examinations, emergency room visits, operations, chart reviews, consultation, or discharge summaries. Distinguish between homonyms and recognize inconsistencies and mistakes in medical terms, referring to dictionaries, drug references, and other sources on anatomy, physiology, and medicine.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Documenting/Recording Information Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Importance of Repeating Same Tasks [Extremely important] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Clerical Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Dependability English Language Writing Written Expression Independence Computers and Electronics Time Management Speech Recognition Integrity Medicine and Dentistry Judgment and Decision Making Near Vision Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 280 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

31-9095 Pharmacy Aides

Occupation Description: Record drugs delivered to the pharmacy, store incoming merchandise, and inform the supervisor of stock needs. May operate cash register and accept prescriptions for filling. Alternate Job Title(s): Pharmacist Assistant; Pharmacy Clerk; Prescription Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 96 82 -14.6 -14 42 56 84 $31,610

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Greet customers and help them locate merchandise. Accept prescriptions for filling, gathering and processing necessary information. Operate cash register to process cash or credit sales. Answer telephone inquiries, referring callers to pharmacist when necessary. Receive, store, and inventory pharmaceutical supplies or medications, check for out-of-date medications, and notify pharmacist when inventory levels are low.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Expression Self Control English Language Service Orientation Speech Clarity Cooperation Clerical Reading Comprehension Near Vision Attention to Detail Sales and Marketing Social Perceptiveness Speech Recognition Stress Tolerance

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 281 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

31-9096 Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers

Occupation Description: Feed, water, and examine pets and other nonfarm animals for signs of illness, disease, or injury in laboratories and animal hospitals and clinics. Clean and disinfect cages and work areas, and sterilize laboratory and surgical equipment. May provide routine postoperative care, administer medication orally or topically, or prepare samples for laboratory examination under the supervision of veterinary or laboratory animal technologists or technicians, veterinarians, or scientists. Excludes Animal Caretakers (39-2021). Alternate Job Title(s): Veterinarian Helper; Veterinary Attendant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 135 157 16.322 71 138 231 $26,720

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 9.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Hold or restrain animals during veterinary procedures. Monitor animals recovering from surgery and notify veterinarians of any unusual changes or symptoms. Fill medication prescriptions. Clean and maintain kennels, animal holding areas, examination or operating rooms, or animal loading or unloading facilities to control the spread of disease. Examine animals to detect behavioral changes or clinical symptoms that could indicate illness or injury.

Top Generalized Work Activities Documenting/Recording Information Performing General Physical Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Oral Expression Integrity English Language Service Orientation Written Expression Attention to Detail Biology Monitoring Information Ordering Self Control Clerical Writing Problem Sensitivity Cooperation Medicine and Dentistry

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 282 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

31-9097 Phlebotomists

Occupation Description: Draw blood for tests, transfusions, donations, or research. May explain the procedure to patients and assist in the recovery of patients with adverse reactions. Alternate Job Title(s): Phlebotomy Technician; Venipuncturist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 436 535 22.7 99 180 275 554 $34,150

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 17.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 82.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Dispose of contaminated sharps, in accordance with applicable laws, standards, and policies. Organize or clean blood-drawing trays, ensuring that all instruments are sterile and all needles, syringes, or related items are of first-time use. Draw blood from veins by vacuum tube, syringe, or butterfly venipuncture methods. Match laboratory requisition forms to specimen tubes. Dispose of blood or other biohazard fluids or tissue, in accordance with applicable laws, standards, or policies.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Getting Information Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Service Orientation Near Vision Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Social Perceptiveness Arm-Hand Steadiness Concern for Others English Language Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Dependability Clerical Speaking Oral Comprehension Integrity Education and Training Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Stress Tolerance Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 283 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Health Science

43-6013 Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants

Occupation Description: Perform secretarial duties using specific knowledge of medical terminology and hospital, clinic, or laboratory procedures. Duties may include scheduling appointments, billing patients, and compiling and recording medical charts, reports, and correspondence. Alternate Job Title(s): Dental Secretary; Psychiatric Secretary

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,473 1,680 14.1207 810 798 1,815 $37,160

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Answer telephones and direct calls to appropriate staff. Schedule and confirm patient diagnostic appointments, surgeries, or medical consultations. Operate office equipment, such as voice mail messaging systems, and use word processing, spreadsheet, or other software applications to prepare reports, invoices, financial statements, letters, case histories, or medical records. Maintain medical records, technical library, or correspondence files. Greet visitors, ascertain purpose of visit, and direct them to appropriate staff.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Telephone [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Speech Clarity Integrity English Language Service Orientation Oral Expression Cooperation Clerical Reading Comprehension Speech Recognition Self Control Computers and Electronics Writing Written Comprehension Dependability Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 284 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

11-9051 Food Service Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of an organization or department that serves food and beverages. Excludes Chefs and Head Cooks (35-1011). Alternate Job Title(s): Banquet Director; Food Service Director; Tavern Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 860 876 1.916 252 598 866 $55,040

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Accommodation and Food Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Accommodation and Food Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Keep records required by government agencies regarding sanitation or food subsidies. Investigate and resolve complaints regarding food quality, service, or accommodations. Maintain food and equipment inventories, and keep inventory records. Monitor food preparation methods, portion sizes, and garnishing and presentation of food to ensure that food is prepared and presented in an acceptable manner. Schedule and receive food and beverage deliveries, checking delivery contents to verify product quality and quantity.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Getting Information Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Responsible for Others' Health and Safety [Very high responsibility] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Service Orientation Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Monitoring Oral Expression Leadership Administration and Management Speaking Problem Sensitivity Self Control English Language Management of Personnel Resources Written Comprehension Cooperation Personnel and Human Resources Active Listening Deductive Reasoning Stress Tolerance Food Production

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 285 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

11-9081 Lodging Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of an organization or department that provides lodging and other accommodations. Excludes Food Service Managers (11-9051) in lodging establishments. Alternate Job Title(s): Bed and Breakfast Innkeeper; Hotel Manager; Innkeeper

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 419 444 6.025 149 261 435 $50,540

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Accommodation and Food Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Accommodation and Food Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Answer inquiries pertaining to hotel policies and services, and resolve occupants' complaints. Participate in financial activities, such as the setting of room rates, the establishment of budgets, and the allocation of funds to departments. Confer and cooperate with other managers to ensure coordination of hotel activities. Greet and register guests. Monitor the revenue activity of the hotel or facility.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Making Decisions and Solving Problems Training and Teaching Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Dependability English Language Service Orientation Oral Comprehension Persistence Administration and Management Speaking Written Comprehension Initiative Personnel and Human Resources Social Perceptiveness Written Expression Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Management of Personnel Resources Problem Sensitivity Self Control Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 286 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

27-2023 Umpires, Referees, and Other Sports Officials

Occupation Description: Officiate at competitive athletic or sporting events. Detect infractions of rules and decide penalties according to established regulations. Includes all sporting officials, referees, and competition judges. Alternate Job Title(s): Athletic Events Scorer; Paddock Judge; Race Starter

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 293 323 10.230 183 233 446 $39,620

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Government. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Officiate at sporting events, games, or competitions, to maintain standards of play and to ensure that game rules are observed. Signal participants or other officials to make them aware of infractions or to otherwise regulate play or competition. Inspect sporting equipment or examine participants to ensure compliance with event and safety regulations. Keep track of event times, including race times and elapsed time during game segments, starting or stopping play when necessary. Judge performances in sporting competitions to award points, impose scoring penalties, and determine results.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Very important] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Near Vision Integrity Education and Training Critical Thinking Far Vision Self Control English Language Judgment and Decision Making Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Social Perceptiveness Speech Clarity Dependability Time Management Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 287 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

35-1011 Chefs and Head Cooks

Occupation Description: Direct and may participate in the preparation, seasoning, and cooking of salads, soups, fish, meats, vegetables, desserts, or other foods. May plan and price menu items, order supplies, and keep records and accounts. Alternate Job Title(s): Executive Chef; Pastry Chef; Sous Chef

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 127 126 -0.8 -1 39 106 144 $50,800

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Accommodation and Food Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 40% and 49%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor sanitation practices to ensure that employees follow standards and regulations. Check the quality of raw or cooked food products to ensure that standards are met. Estimate amounts and costs of required supplies, such as food and ingredients. Instruct cooks or other workers in the preparation, cooking, garnishing, or presentation of food. Supervise or coordinate activities of cooks or workers engaged in food preparation.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Thinking Creatively Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Time Pressure [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Dependability Food Production Coordination Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Production and Processing Speaking Oral Expression Adaptability/Flexibility Customer and Personal Service Social Perceptiveness Deductive Reasoning Stress Tolerance Education and Training Time Management Information Ordering Integrity Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 288 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

35-1012 First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers

Occupation Description: Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in preparing and serving food. Alternate Job Title(s): Banquet Supervisor; Bar Manager; Kitchen Supervisor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 2,523 2,632 4.3109 1,144 2,386 3,639 $38,190

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Accommodation and Food Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Accommodation and Food Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Perform various financial activities, such as cash handling, deposit preparation, and payroll. Resolve customer complaints regarding food service. Compile and balance cash receipts at the end of the day or shift. Present bills and accept payments. Inspect supplies, equipment, and work areas to ensure efficient service and conformance to standards.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Training and Teaching Others Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Stress Tolerance Customer and Personal Service Monitoring Oral Expression Dependability Food Production Coordination Problem Sensitivity Cooperation Production and Processing Service Orientation Deductive Reasoning Self Control Administration and Management Active Listening Speech Clarity Leadership Personnel and Human Resources

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 289 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

35-2011 Cooks, Fast Food

Occupation Description: Prepare and cook food in a fast food restaurant with a limited menu. Duties of these cooks are limited to preparation of a few basic items and normally involve operating large-volume single-purpose cooking equipment. Alternate Job Title(s): Fast Food Fry Cook

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 521 464 -10.9 -57 264 373 580 $24,440

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Accommodation and Food Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Order and take delivery of supplies. Cook the exact number of items ordered by each customer, working on several different orders simultaneously. Prepare specialty foods, such as pizzas, fish and chips, sandwiches, or tacos, following specific methods that usually require short preparation time. Operate large-volume cooking equipment, such as grills, deep-fat fryers, or griddles. Wash, cut, and prepare foods designated for cooking.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Spend Time Standing [More than half the time] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Very important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Administration and Management Service Orientation Information Ordering Cooperation Transportation Near Vision Dependability Communications and Media Speech Recognition Social Orientation Customer and Personal Service Stress Tolerance Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 290 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

35-2012 Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria

Occupation Description: Prepare and cook large quantities of food for institutions, such as schools, hospitals, or cafeterias. Alternate Job Title(s): Camp Cook; Galley Cook; Mess Cook; School Cook

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,942 2,054 5.8112 1,073 1,511 2,696 $31,740

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor and record food temperatures to ensure food safety. Cook foodstuffs according to menus, special dietary or nutritional restrictions, or numbers of portions to be served. Rotate and store food supplies. Wash pots, pans, dishes, utensils, or other cooking equipment. Apportion and serve food to facility residents, employees, or patrons.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Service Orientation Near Vision Dependability English Language Quality Control Analysis Oral Expression Attention to Detail Food Production Judgment and Decision Making Speech Clarity Self Control Customer and Personal Service Operation Monitoring Oral Comprehension Integrity Mathematics Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Stress Tolerance Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 291 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

35-2014 Cooks, Restaurant

Occupation Description: Prepare, season, and cook dishes such as soups, meats, vegetables, or desserts in restaurants. May order supplies, keep records and accounts, price items on menu, or plan menu. Alternate Job Title(s): Banquet Cook; Line Cook; Saucier

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 3,287 3,986 21.3 699 1,953 2,751 5,403 $28,690

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 87.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Accommodation and Food Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Accommodation and Food Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Inspect and clean food preparation areas, such as equipment and work surfaces, or serving areas to ensure safe and sanitary food-handling practices. Ensure freshness of food and ingredients by checking for quality, keeping track of old and new items, and rotating stock. Ensure food is stored and cooked at correct temperature by regulating temperature of ovens, broilers, grills, and roasters. Season and cook food according to recipes or personal judgment and experience. Turn or stir foods to ensure even cooking.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [More than half the time] Work With Work Group or Team [Very important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Near Vision Cooperation Food Production Coordination Information Ordering Dependability Customer and Personal Service Time Management Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail English Language Active Listening Speech Recognition Stress Tolerance Production and Processing Speaking Manual Dexterity Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 292 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

35-2015 Cooks, Short Order

Occupation Description: Prepare and cook to order a variety of foods that require only a short preparation time. May take orders from customers and serve patrons at counters or tables. Excludes Cooks, Fast Food (35-2011). Alternate Job Title(s): Griddle Cook

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 305 290 -4.9 -15 160 225 370 $25,560

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Accommodation and Food Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Clean food preparation equipment, work areas, and counters or tables. Perform food preparation tasks, such as making sandwiches, carving meats, making soups or salads, baking breads or desserts, and brewing coffee or tea. Perform general cleaning activities in kitchen and dining areas. Restock kitchen supplies, rotate food, and stamp the time and date on food in coolers. Grill, cook, and fry foods such as french fries, eggs, and pancakes.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Near Vision Dependability Customer and Personal Service Coordination Oral Comprehension Self Control Food Production Service Orientation Speech Recognition Cooperation Production and Processing Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Stress Tolerance English Language Speaking Speech Clarity Attention to Detail

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 293 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

35-2021 Food Preparation Workers

Occupation Description: Perform a variety of food preparation duties other than cooking, such as preparing cold foods and shellfish, slicing meat, and brewing coffee or tea. Alternate Job Title(s): Fruit and Vegetable Parer; Salad Maker; Sandwich Maker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,636 1,660 1.524 1,202 1,421 2,647 $26,380

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 99.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Accommodation and Food Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Clean and sanitize work areas, equipment, utensils, dishes, or silverware. Store food in designated containers and storage areas to prevent spoilage. Portion and wrap the food, or place it directly on plates for service to patrons. Take and record temperature of food and food storage areas, such as refrigerators and freezers. Prepare a variety of foods, such as meats, vegetables, or desserts, according to customers' orders or supervisors' instructions, following approved procedures.

Top Generalized Work Activities Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Handling and Moving Objects

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Work With Work Group or Team [Very important] Time Pressure [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Time Management Near Vision Self Control Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Expression Cooperation Administration and Management Speaking Arm-Hand Steadiness Integrity Social Perceptiveness Manual Dexterity Social Orientation Coordination Speech Recognition Attention to Detail

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 294 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

35-3011 Bartenders

Occupation Description: Mix and serve drinks to patrons, directly or through waitstaff. Alternate Job Title(s): Barkeep; Mixologist; Taproom Attendant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 4,309 4,464 3.6155 1,923 4,905 6,983 $22,700

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Accommodation and Food Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Accommodation and Food Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Clean glasses, utensils, and bar equipment. Collect money for drinks served. Balance cash receipts. Check identification of customers to verify age requirements for purchase of alcohol. Clean bars, work areas, and tables.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Deal With External Customers [Very important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Self Control Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Social Perceptiveness Near Vision Integrity Education and Training Coordination Speech Recognition Attention to Detail Sales and Marketing Persuasion Information Ordering Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 295 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

35-3023 Fast Food and Counter Workers

Occupation Description: Perform duties such as taking orders and serving food and beverages. Serve customers at counter or from a steam table. May take payment. May prepare food and beverages. Counter attendants who also wait tables are included in Waiters and Waitresses (35-3031). Alternate Job Title(s): Barista; Cafeteria Server; Ice Cream Server; Mess Attendant; Snack Bar Attendant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 10,701 11,803 10.31,102 10,499 10,029 21,630 $25,590

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Accommodation and Food Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Accommodation and Food Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Communicate with customers regarding orders, comments, and complaints. Accept payment from customers, and make change as necessary. Scrub and polish counters, steam tables, and other equipment, and clean glasses, dishes, and fountain equipment. Perform cleaning duties such as sweeping, mopping, and washing dishes, to keep equipment and facilities sanitary. Balance receipts and payments in cash registers.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Speech Recognition Self Control Food Production Speaking Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Sales and Marketing Social Perceptiveness Speech Clarity Cooperation English Language Near Vision Adaptability/Flexibility Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 296 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

35-3031 Waiters and Waitresses

Occupation Description: Take orders and serve food and beverages to patrons at tables in dining establishment. Excludes Fast Food and Counter Workers (35-3023). Alternate Job Title(s): Cocktail Server; Dining Car Server; Wine Steward

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 5,644 5,756 2.0112 3,962 6,012 10,086 $23,990

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Accommodation and Food Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Accommodation and Food Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Take orders from patrons for food or beverages. Check with customers to ensure that they are enjoying their meals and take action to correct any problems. Check patrons' identification to ensure that they meet minimum age requirements for consumption of alcoholic beverages. Collect payments from customers. Write patrons' food orders on order slips, memorize orders, or enter orders into computers for transmittal to kitchen staff.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Spend Time Walking and Running [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Expression Self Control English Language Service Orientation Speech Clarity Attention to Detail Sales and Marketing Social Perceptiveness Speech Recognition Cooperation Food Production Coordination Near Vision Stress Tolerance

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 297 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

35-3041 Food Servers, Nonrestaurant

Occupation Description: Serve food to individuals outside of a restaurant environment, such as in hotel rooms, hospital rooms, residential care facilities, or cars. Excludes Fast Food and Counter Workers (35-3023) and Door-to-Door Sales Workers, News and Street Vendors, and Related Workers (41-9091). Alternate Job Title(s): Boat Hop; Hospital Food Service Worker; Room Service Food Server

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,282 1,453 13.3171 1,028 978 2,177 $28,360

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Place food servings on plates or trays according to orders or instructions. Clean or sterilize dishes, kitchen utensils, equipment, or facilities. Monitor food distribution, ensuring that meals are delivered to the correct recipients and that guidelines, such as those for special diets, are followed. Examine trays to ensure that they contain required items. Load trays with accessories, such as eating utensils, napkins, or condiments.

Top Generalized Work Activities Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Getting Information Performing for or Working Directly with the Public

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Spend Time Walking and Running [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Speaking Near Vision Stress Tolerance Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Oral Expression Self Control Food Production Speech Clarity Dependability Selective Attention Integrity

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 298 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

35-9011 Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers

Occupation Description: Facilitate food service. Clean tables; remove dirty dishes; replace soiled table linens; set tables; replenish supply of clean linens, silverware, glassware, and dishes; supply service bar with food; and serve items such as water, condiments, and coffee to patrons. Alternate Job Title(s): Bar Back; Busser; Lunchroom Attendant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,018 1,110 9.092 871 813 1,776 $23,670

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Accommodation and Food Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Accommodation and Food Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Wipe tables or seats with dampened cloths or replace dirty tablecloths. Set tables with clean linens, condiments, or other supplies. Locate items requested by customers. Scrape and stack dirty dishes and carry dishes and other tableware to kitchens for cleaning. Carry food, dishes, trays, or silverware from kitchens or supply departments to serving counters.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Getting Information Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Service Orientation Trunk Strength Cooperation Customer and Personal Service Coordination Manual Dexterity Integrity Food Production Arm-Hand Steadiness Attention to Detail English Language Speech Recognition Dependability Stamina Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 299 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

35-9021 Dishwashers

Occupation Description: Clean dishes, kitchen, food preparation equipment, or utensils. Alternate Job Title(s): Dish Room Worker; Silverware Cleaner

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,201 1,199 -0.2 -2 904 869 1,771 $23,680

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Accommodation and Food Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Wash dishes, glassware, flatware, pots, or pans, using dishwashers or by hand. Maintain kitchen work areas, equipment, or utensils in clean and orderly condition. Place clean dishes, utensils, or cooking equipment in storage areas. Sort and remove trash, placing it in designated pickup areas. Sweep or scrub floors.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Handling and Moving Objects Performing General Physical Activities

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Walking and Running [More than half the time] Work With Work Group or Team [Very important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Manual Dexterity Dependability [information not available] Multilimb Coordination Attention to Detail Near Vision Self Control Arm-Hand Steadiness Cooperation Trunk Strength Integrity

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 300 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

35-9031 Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop

Occupation Description: Welcome patrons, seat them at tables or in lounge, and help ensure quality of facilities and service. Alternate Job Title(s): Dining Room Host; Maitre D'

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 660 703 6.543 750 691 1,484 $22,780

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Accommodation and Food Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Accommodation and Food Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Provide guests with menus. Assign patrons to tables suitable for their needs and according to rotation so that servers receive an appropriate number of seatings. Greet guests and seat them at tables or in waiting areas. Answer telephone calls and respond to inquiries or transfer calls. Operate cash registers to accept payments for food and beverages.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Cooperation Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Expression Stress Tolerance English Language Social Perceptiveness Speech Recognition Self Control Food Production Service Orientation Speech Clarity Dependability Sales and Marketing Coordination Near Vision Social Orientation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 301 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

37-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers

Occupation Description: Directly supervise and coordinate work activities of cleaning personnel in hotels, hospitals, offices, and other establishments. Alternate Job Title(s): Building Cleaning Supervisor; Cleaning Staff Supervisor; Custodial Supervisor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 658 741 12.683 296 423 802 $50,860

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 20% and 29%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Supervise in-house services, such as laundries, maintenance and repair, dry cleaning, or valet services. Select the most suitable cleaning materials for different types of linens, furniture, flooring, and surfaces. Advise managers, desk clerks, or admitting personnel of rooms ready for occupancy. Inspect work performed to ensure that it meets specifications and established standards. Perform or assist with cleaning duties as necessary.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Management of Personnel ResourcesOral Expression Self Control Customer and Personal Service Time Management Oral Comprehension Leadership English Language Coordination Information Ordering Attention to Detail Administration and Management Monitoring Speech Recognition Integrity Education and Training Speaking Near Vision Dependability Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 302 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

37-2011 Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners

Occupation Description: Keep buildings in clean and orderly condition. Perform heavy cleaning duties, such as cleaning floors, shampooing rugs, washing walls and glass, and removing rubbish. Duties may include tending furnace and boiler, performing routine maintenance activities, notifying management of need for repairs, and cleaning snow or debris from sidewalk. Alternate Job Title(s): Industrial Plant Custodian; School Custodian; Window Washer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 6,911 7,635 10.5724 4,441 4,402 9,567 $31,700

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Service, clean, or supply restrooms. Clean building floors by sweeping, mopping, scrubbing, or vacuuming. Gather and empty trash. Follow procedures for the use of chemical cleaners and power equipment to prevent damage to floors and fixtures. Mix water and detergents or acids in containers to prepare cleaning solutions, according to specifications.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing General Physical Activities Handling and Moving Objects Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Trunk Strength Independence Customer and Personal Service Near Vision Dependability English Language Static Strength Attention to Detail Oral Comprehension Integrity Manual Dexterity Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 303 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

37-2012 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners

Occupation Description: Perform any combination of light cleaning duties to maintain private households or commercial establishments, such as hotels and hospitals, in a clean and orderly manner. Duties may include making beds, replenishing linens, cleaning rooms and halls, and vacuuming. Alternate Job Title(s): Chambermaid; House Cleaner; Housekeeping Staff

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 5,436 5,527 1.791 3,789 2,983 6,863 $26,480

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Accommodation and Food Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Keep storage areas and carts well-stocked, clean, and tidy. Carry linens, towels, toilet items, and cleaning supplies, using wheeled carts. Clean rooms, hallways, lobbies, lounges, restrooms, corridors, elevators, stairways, locker rooms, and other work areas so that health standards are met. Empty wastebaskets, empty and clean ashtrays, and transport other trash and waste to disposal areas. Sweep, scrub, wax, or polish floors, using brooms, mops, or powered scrubbing and waxing machines.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing General Physical Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Performing for or Working Directly with the Public

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body [More than half the time]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Service Orientation Trunk Strength Self Control Customer and Personal Service Time Management Near Vision Attention to Detail English Language Coordination Oral Comprehension Cooperation Public Safety and Security Oral Expression Dependability Stamina Integrity

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 304 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

39-1013 First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers

Occupation Description: Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers in assigned gambling areas. May circulate among tables, observe operations, and ensure that stations and games are covered for each shift. May verify and pay off jackpots. May reset slot machines after payoffs and make repairs or adjustments to slot machines or recommend removal of slot machines for repair. May plan and organize activities and services for guests in hotels/casinos. Alternate Job Title(s): Cardroom Supervisor; Casino Slot Supervisor; Electronic Gambling Device Supervisor; Pit Boss; Slot Key Person; Table Games Supervisor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 143 141 -1.4 -2 66 133 197 $44,390

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor game operations to ensure that house rules are followed, that tribal, state, and federal regulations are adhered to, and that employees provide prompt and courteous service. Respond to and resolve patrons' complaints. Observe gamblers' behavior for signs of cheating, such as marking, switching, or counting cards, and notify security staff of suspected cheating. Perform minor repairs or make adjustments to slot machines, resolving problems such as machine tilts and coin jams. Monitor payment of hand-delivered jackpots to ensure promptness.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Deal With External Customers [Extremely important] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Expression Self Control Mathematics Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Social Perceptiveness Near Vision Stress Tolerance Administration and Management Critical Thinking Deductive Reasoning Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 305 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

39-2011 Animal Trainers

Occupation Description: Train animals for riding, harness, security, performance, or obedience, or for assisting persons with disabilities. Accustom animals to human voice and contact, and condition animals to respond to commands. Train animals according to prescribed standards for show or competition. May train animals to carry pack loads or work as part of pack team. Alternate Job Title(s): Guide Dog Trainer; Horse Breaker; Marine Mammal Trainer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 121 139 14.918 73 95 186 $22,450

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 9.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration). Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Other Services (except Public Administration). The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 50% and 59%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Talk to or interact with animals to familiarize them to human voices or contact. Cue or signal animals during performances. Conduct training programs to develop or maintain desired animal behaviors for competition, entertainment, obedience, security, riding, or related purposes. Feed or exercise animals or provide other general care, such as cleaning or maintaining holding or performance areas. Observe animals' physical conditions to detect illness or unhealthy conditions requiring medical care.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Performing General Physical Activities Training and Teaching Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Instructing Problem Sensitivity Dependability Customer and Personal Service Learning Strategies Oral Expression Integrity Education and Training Speaking Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Psychology Critical Thinking Speech Clarity Self Control Administration and Management Active Learning Information Ordering Independence English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 306 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

39-3011 Gambling Dealers

Occupation Description: Operate table games. Stand or sit behind table and operate games of chance by dispensing the appropriate number of cards or blocks to players, or operating other gambling equipment. Distribute winnings or collect players' money or chips. May compare the house's hand against players' hands. Alternate Job Title(s): Blackjack Dealer; Craps Dealer; Poker Dealer; Roulette Dealer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,033 1,018 -1.5 -15 647 854 1,486 $26,580

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Pay winnings or collect losing bets as established by the rules and procedures of a specific game. Greet customers and make them feel welcome. Exchange paper currency for playing chips or coin money. Check to ensure that all players have placed bets before play begins. Inspect cards and equipment to be used in games to ensure that they are in good condition.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Expression Self Control Mathematics Social Perceptiveness Speech Clarity Stress Tolerance English Language Service Orientation Speech Recognition Cooperation Monitoring Near Vision Social Orientation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 307 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

39-3031 Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers

Occupation Description: Assist patrons at entertainment events by performing duties, such as collecting admission tickets and passes from patrons, assisting in finding seats, searching for lost articles, and helping patrons locate such facilities as restrooms and telephones. Alternate Job Title(s): Theater Usher; Ticket Collector

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 409 431 5.422 526 407 955 $22,070

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Information. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Information. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Greet patrons attending entertainment events. Sell or collect admission tickets, passes, or facility memberships from patrons at entertainment events. Clean facilities. Settle seating disputes or help solve other customer concerns. Examine tickets or passes to verify authenticity, using criteria such as color or date issued.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Getting Information Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Social Perceptiveness Speech Clarity Self Control Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Comprehension Cooperation English Language Service Orientation Oral Expression Social Orientation Public Safety and Security Active Listening Near Vision Dependability Communications and Media Coordination Problem Sensitivity Integrity

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 308 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

39-3091 Amusement and Recreation Attendants

Occupation Description: Perform a variety of attending duties at amusement or recreation facility. May schedule use of recreation facilities, maintain and provide equipment to participants of sporting events or recreational pursuits, or operate amusement concessions and rides. Alternate Job Title(s): Arcade Attendant; Golf Caddy; Ski Lift Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,564 1,756 12.3192 1,674 1,770 3,636 $24,400

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Sell tickets and collect fees from customers. Provide information about facilities, entertainment options, and rules and regulations. Keep informed of shut-down and emergency evacuation procedures. Direct patrons to rides, seats, or attractions. Monitor activities to ensure adherence to rules and safety procedures, or arrange for the removal of unruly patrons.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Getting Information Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Deal With External Customers [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Speech Clarity Concern for Others Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Oral Comprehension Cooperation English Language Active Listening Oral Expression Dependability Public Safety and Security Social Perceptiveness Problem Sensitivity Adaptability/Flexibility Speech Recognition Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 309 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

39-6011 Baggage Porters and Bellhops

Occupation Description: Handle baggage for travelers at transportation terminals or for guests at hotels or similar establishments. Alternate Job Title(s): Bellstaff; Hotel Baggage Handler; Skycap

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 114 127 11.413 66 91 170 $24,190

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Transportation and Warehousing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Receive and mark baggage by completing and attaching claim checks. Greet incoming guests and escort them to their rooms. Transport guests about premises and local areas, or arrange for transportation. Maintain clean lobbies or entrance areas for travelers or guests. Transfer luggage, trunks, and packages to and from rooms, loading areas, vehicles, or transportation terminals, by hand or using baggage carts.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Handling and Moving Objects Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Service Orientation Trunk Strength Dependability Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Public Safety and Security Coordination Speech Recognition Self Control Transportation Critical Thinking Static Strength Concern for Others

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 310 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

39-7010 Tour and Travel Guides

Occupation Description: Plan, organize, and conduct long-distance travel, tours, and expeditions; or sightseeing tours through places of interest such as industrial establishments, public buildings, and art galleries. Alternate Job Title(s): Historical Site Guide; Museum Guide; Sightseeing Guide; Cruise Director; River Expedition Guide

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 126 130 3.24 95 108 207 $27,490

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Describe tour points of interest to group members, and respond to questions. Escort individuals or groups on cruises, sightseeing tours, or through places of interest, such as industrial establishments, public buildings, or art galleries. Monitor visitors' activities to ensure compliance with establishment or tour regulations and safety practices. Conduct educational activities for school children. Research various topics, including site history, environmental conditions, and clients' skills and abilities to plan appropriate expeditions, instruction, and commentary.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Getting Information Communicating with Persons Outside Organization

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day] Public Speaking [Once a week or more but not every day] Contact With Others [Contact with others most of the time]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Self Control Customer and Personal Service Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility English Language Active Listening Speech Clarity Cooperation History and Archeology Service Orientation Written Comprehension Concern for Others Communications and Media Time Management Far Vision Dependability Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 311 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

39-9032 Recreation Workers

Occupation Description: Conduct recreation activities with groups in public, private, or volunteer agencies or recreation facilities. Organize and promote activities, such as arts and crafts, sports, games, music, dramatics, social recreation, camping, and hobbies, taking into account the needs and interests of individual members. Alternate Job Title(s): Camp Counselor; Recreational Activities Aide

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 690 759 10.069 449 643 1,161 $32,730

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Enforce rules and regulations of recreational facilities to maintain discipline and ensure safety. Organize, lead, and promote interest in recreational activities, such as arts, crafts, sports, games, camping, and hobbies. Assess the needs and interests of individuals and groups and plan activities accordingly, given the available equipment or facilities. Manage the daily operations of recreational facilities. Administer first aid according to prescribed procedures and notify emergency medical personnel when necessary.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Thinking Creatively Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Service Orientation Oral Expression Self Control English Language Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Public Safety and Security Speaking Speech Clarity Cooperation Customer and Personal Service Coordination Speech Recognition Dependability Education and Training Social Perceptiveness Near Vision Concern for Others Law and Government

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 312 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

41-2012 Gambling Change Persons and Booth Cashiers

Occupation Description: Exchange coins, tokens, and chips for patrons' money. May issue payoffs and obtain customer's signature on receipt. May operate a booth in the slot machine area and furnish change persons with money bank at the start of the shift, or count and audit money in drawers. Excludes Cashiers (41-2011). Alternate Job Title(s): Mutuel Teller; Slot Attendant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 52 50 -3.8 -2 43 43 84 N/A

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Keep accurate records of monetary exchanges, authorization forms, and transaction reconciliations. Exchange money, credit, tickets, or casino chips and make change for customers. Count money and audit money drawers. Check identifications to verify age of players. Maintain cage security according to rules.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Mathematics Speaking Near Vision Dependability Social Perceptiveness Information Ordering Self Control Coordination Speech Recognition Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 313 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

41-3041 Travel Agents

Occupation Description: Plan and sell transportation and accommodations for customers. Determine destination, modes of transportation, travel dates, costs, and accommodations required. May also describe, plan, and arrange itineraries and sell tour packages. May assist in resolving clients' travel problems. Alternate Job Title(s): Corporate Travel Expert; Travel Service Consultant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 353 324 -8.2 -29 169 201 341 $36,600

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Collect payment for transportation and accommodations from customer. Plan, describe, arrange, and sell itinerary tour packages and promotional travel incentives offered by various travel carriers. Converse with customer to determine destination, mode of transportation, travel dates, financial considerations, and accommodations required. Compute cost of travel and accommodations, using calculator, computer, carrier tariff books, and hotel rate books, or quote package tour's costs. Record and maintain information on clients, vendors, and travel packages.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Communicating with Persons Outside Organization

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Speech Recognition Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Speech Clarity Integrity English Language Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Dependability Sales and Marketing Speaking Written Comprehension Self Control Geography Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Achievement/Effort Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 314 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

43-3041 Gambling Cage Workers

Occupation Description: In a gambling establishment, conduct financial transactions for patrons. Accept patron's credit application and verify credit references to provide check-cashing authorization or to establish house credit accounts. May reconcile daily summaries of transactions to balance books. May sell gambling chips, tokens, or tickets to patrons, or to other workers for resale to patrons. May convert gambling chips, tokens, or tickets to currency upon patron's request. May use a cash register or computer to record transaction. Alternate Job Title(s): Cage Cashier; Casino Cashier

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 82 76 -7.3 -6 35 53 82 $27,180

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Follow all gaming regulations. Convert gaming checks, coupons, tokens, or coins to currency for gaming patrons. Maintain cage security. Maintain confidentiality of customers' transactions. Count funds and reconcile daily summaries of transactions to balance books.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Near Vision Dependability Customer and Personal Service Mathematics Problem Sensitivity Integrity Mathematics Active Listening Number Facility Self Control English Language Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Attention to Detail Service Orientation Oral Comprehension Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 315 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

43-4081 Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks

Occupation Description: Accommodate hotel, motel, and resort patrons by registering and assigning rooms to guests, issuing room keys or cards, transmitting and receiving messages, keeping records of occupied rooms and guests' accounts, making and confirming reservations, and presenting statements to and collecting payments from departing guests. Alternate Job Title(s): Hotel Front Desk Clerk; Hotel Registration Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,466 1,442 -1.6 -24 756 1,444 2,176 $26,820

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Accommodation and Food Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Greet, register, and assign rooms to guests of hotels or motels. Contact housekeeping or maintenance staff when guests report problems. Issue room keys and escort instructions to bellhops. Make and confirm reservations. Verify customers' credit, and establish how the customer will pay for the accommodation.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Performing for or Working Directly with the Public

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Attention to Detail English Language Service Orientation Speech Recognition Concern for Others Public Safety and Security Active Listening Speech Clarity Self Control Clerical Coordination Near Vision Integrity Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 316 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

43-4181 Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks

Occupation Description: Make and confirm reservations for transportation or lodging, or sell transportation tickets. May check baggage and direct passengers to designated concourse, pier, or track; deliver tickets and contact individuals and groups to inform them of package tours; or provide tourists with travel or transportation information. Excludes Cashiers (41- 2011), Travel Agents (41-3041), and Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks (43-4081) who sell tickets for local transportation. Alternate Job Title(s): Airline Ticket Agent; Gate Agent; Hotel Reservationist; Train Reservation Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 380 392 3.212 152 247 411 $33,580

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Transportation and Warehousing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Examine passenger documentation to determine destinations and to assign boarding passes. Trace lost, delayed, or misdirected baggage for customers. Check baggage and cargo and direct passengers to designated locations for loading. Provide boarding or disembarking assistance to passengers needing special assistance. Confer with customers to determine their service requirements and travel preferences.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Importance of Repeating Same Tasks [Extremely important] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Self Control Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Service Orientation Speech Recognition Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Social Perceptiveness Speech Clarity Cooperation Public Safety and Security Reading Comprehension Information Ordering Stress Tolerance Transportation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 317 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Hospitality and Tourism

51-3011 Bakers

Occupation Description: Mix and bake ingredients to produce breads, rolls, cookies, cakes, pies, pastries, or other baked goods. Pastry chefs in restaurants and hotels are included with Chefs and Head Cooks (35-1011). Alternate Job Title(s): Bagel Maker; Bread Baker; Pastry Finisher

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 785 813 3.628 445 529 1,002 $32,690

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Check products for quality and identify damaged or expired goods. Set oven temperatures and place items into hot ovens for baking. Combine measured ingredients in bowls of mixing, blending, or cooking machinery. Place dough in pans, molds, or on sheets and bake in production ovens or on grills. Set time and speed controls for mixing machines, blending machines, or steam kettles so that ingredients will be mixed or cooked according to instructions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings Getting Information Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Contact with others most of the time] Spend Time Standing [More than half the time] Time Pressure [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Near Vision Attention to Detail Production and Processing Time Management Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Judgment and Decision Making Speech Recognition Dependability Food Production Active Listening Visual Color Discrimination Cooperation English Language Active Learning Oral Expression Achievement/Effort Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 318 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

11-9151 Social and Community Service Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate the activities of a social service program or community outreach organization. Oversee the program or organization's budget and policies regarding participant involvement, program requirements, and benefits. Work may involve directing social workers, counselors, or probation officers. Alternate Job Title(s): Child Welfare Director; Family Service Center Director; Youth Program Director

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 484 546 12.862 146 237 445 $72,270

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 13.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 86.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Establish and oversee administrative procedures to meet objectives set by boards of directors or senior management. Direct activities of professional and technical staff members and volunteers. Evaluate the work of staff and volunteers to ensure that programs are of appropriate quality and that resources are used effectively. Participate in the determination of organizational policies regarding such issues as participant eligibility, program requirements, and program benefits. Prepare and maintain records and reports, such as budgets, personnel records, or training manuals.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Getting Information Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Service Orientation Oral Expression Leadership Customer and Personal Service Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension Integrity Administration and Management Complex Problem Solving Written Comprehension Dependability English Language Management of Personnel Resources Problem Sensitivity Adaptability/Flexibility Psychology Time Management Deductive Reasoning Initiative Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 319 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

13-2071 Credit Counselors

Occupation Description: Advise and educate individuals or organizations on acquiring and managing debt. May provide guidance in determining the best type of loan and explain loan requirements or restrictions. May help develop debt management plans or student financial aid packages. May advise on credit issues, or provide budget, mortgage, bankruptcy, or student financial aid counseling. Alternate Job Title(s): Debt Management Counselor; Student Financial Aid Counselor; Student Loan Counselor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 52 54 3.82 12 26 40 $44,750

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Calculate clients' available monthly income to meet debt obligations. Explain services or policies to clients, such as debt management program rules, advantages and disadvantages of using services, or creditor concession policies. Create debt management plans, spending plans, or budgets to assist clients to meet financial goals. Prioritize client debt repayment to avoid dire consequences, such as bankruptcy or foreclosure or to reduce overall costs, such as by paying high- interest or short-term loans first. Assess clients' overall financial situations by reviewing income, assets, debts, expenses, credit reports, or other financial information.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Interacting With Computers Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Concern for Others Mathematics Writing Inductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Clerical Critical Thinking Written Expression Self Control Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 320 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

19-3031 Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists

Occupation Description: Diagnose and treat mental disorders; learning disabilities; and cognitive, behavioral, and emotional problems, using individual, child, family, and group therapies. May design and implement behavior modification programs. Alternate Job Title(s): N/A

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 285 314 10.229 65 107 201 $92,370

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 14.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 85.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 20% and 29%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Collect information about individuals or clients, using interviews, case histories, observational techniques, and other assessment methods. Counsel individuals, groups, or families to help them understand problems, deal with crisis situations, define goals, and develop realistic action plans. Document patient information including session notes, progress notes, recommendations, and treatment plans. Develop therapeutic and treatment plans based on clients' interests, abilities, or needs. Supervise interns, clinicians in training, and other counselors.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Assisting and Caring for Others Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension Concern for Others Therapy and Counseling Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Psychology Speaking Written Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Self Control Sociology and Anthropology Service Orientation Written Expression Social Orientation English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None Internship/residency

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 321 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

21-1013 Marriage and Family Therapists

Occupation Description: Diagnose and treat mental and emotional disorders, whether cognitive, affective, or behavioral, within the context of marriage and family systems. Apply psychotherapeutic and family systems theories and techniques in the delivery of services to individuals, couples, and families for the purpose of treating such diagnosed nervous and mental disorders. Excludes Psychologists (19-3031 through 19-3039) and Social Workers (21-1020). Alternate Job Title(s): Child and Family Counselor; Couples Therapist; Marriage Counselor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 127 162 27.6 35 47 80 162 $46,650

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 21.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 78.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Encourage individuals and family members to develop and use skills and strategies for confronting their problems in a constructive manner. Ask questions that will help clients identify their feelings and behaviors. Develop and implement individualized treatment plans addressing family relationship problems, destructive patterns of behavior, and other personal issues. Maintain case files that include activities, progress notes, evaluations, and recommendations. Counsel clients on concerns, such as unsatisfactory relationships, divorce and separation, child rearing, home management, or financial difficulties.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Documenting/Recording Information Assisting and Caring for Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Therapy and Counseling Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Concern for Others Psychology Speaking Problem Sensitivity Self Control Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Speech Clarity Dependability Sociology and Anthropology Reading Comprehension Speech Recognition Stress Tolerance English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree None Internship/residency

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 322 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

21-1015 Rehabilitation Counselors

Occupation Description: Counsel individuals to maximize the independence and employability of persons coping with personal, social, and vocational difficulties that result from birth defects, illness, disease, accidents, aging, or the stress of daily life. Coordinate activities for residents of care and treatment facilities. Assess client needs and design and implement rehabilitation programs that may include personal and vocational counseling, training, and job placement. Excludes Occupational Therapists (29-1122). Alternate Job Title(s): Psychosocial Rehabilitation Counselor; Veterans Rehabilitation Counselor; Vocational Rehabilitation Job Coach

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 183 193 5.510 61 104 175 $47,060

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare and maintain records and case files, including documentation, such as clients' personal and eligibility information, services provided, narratives of client contacts, or relevant correspondence. Confer with clients to discuss their options and goals so that rehabilitation programs and plans for accessing needed services can be developed. Develop rehabilitation plans that fit clients' aptitudes, education levels, physical abilities, and career goals. Locate barriers to client employment, such as inaccessible work sites, inflexible schedules, or transportation problems, and work with clients to develop strategies for overcoming these barriers. Monitor and record clients' progress to ensure that goals and objectives are met.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Making Decisions and Solving Problems Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Concern for Others Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Oral Expression Integrity Therapy and Counseling Social Perceptiveness Speech Clarity Dependability Psychology Speaking Written Comprehension Initiative Education and Training Monitoring Written Expression Persistence English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 323 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

21-1018 Substance Abuse, Behavioral Disorder, and Mental Health Counselors

Occupation Description: Counsel and advise individuals, families, or groups with substance abuse problems, behavioral disorders, or a broad range of mental health issues in order to promote optimum mental and emotional health. Counsel with an emphasis on prevention. Excludes Social Workers (21-1021 through 21-1029), Psychologists (19-3031 through 19- 3039), and Psychiatrists (29-1223) providing these services. Alternate Job Title(s): Addiction Counselor; Alcohol and Drug Counselor; Chemical Dependency Counselor; Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC); Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC)

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 745 884 18.7139 265 449 853 $55,860

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 16.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 83.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Complete and maintain accurate records or reports regarding the patients' histories and progress, services provided, or other required information. Counsel clients or patients, individually or in group sessions, to assist in overcoming dependencies, adjusting to life, or making changes. Interview clients, review records, and confer with other professionals to evaluate individuals' mental and physical condition and to determine their suitability for participation in a specific program. Develop client treatment plans based on research, clinical experience, and client histories. Review and evaluate clients' progress in relation to measurable goals described in treatment and care plans.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension Concern for Others Psychology Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Therapy and Counseling Active Listening Speech Clarity Stress Tolerance Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Deductive Reasoning Self Control English Language Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Cooperation Sociology and Anthropology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 324 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

21-1021 Child, Family, and School Social Workers

Occupation Description: Provide social services and assistance to improve the social and psychological functioning of children and their families and to maximize the family well-being and the academic functioning of children. May assist parents, arrange adoptions, and find foster homes for abandoned or abused children. In schools, they address such problems as teenage pregnancy, misbehavior, and truancy. May also advise teachers. Alternate Job Title(s): Certified Children, Youth, and Family Social Worker; Child Abuse Worker; Foster Care Worker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 784 883 12.699 237 473 809 $57,590

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 87.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Maintain case history records and prepare reports. Interview clients individually, in families, or in groups, assessing their situations, capabilities, and problems to determine what services are required to meet their needs. Serve as liaisons between students, homes, schools, family services, child guidance clinics, courts, protective services, doctors, and other contacts to help children who face problems, such as disabilities, abuse, or poverty. Develop and review service plans in consultation with clients and perform follow-ups assessing the quantity and quality of services provided. Address legal issues, such as child abuse and discipline, assisting with hearings and providing testimony to inform custody arrangements.

Top Generalized Work Activities Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Concern for Others Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Comprehension Dependability Therapy and Counseling Social Perceptiveness Problem Sensitivity Stress Tolerance Psychology Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Integrity English Language Reading Comprehension Written Expression Adaptability/Flexibility Clerical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 325 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

21-1022 Healthcare Social Workers

Occupation Description: Provide individuals, families, and groups with the psychosocial support needed to cope with chronic, acute, or terminal illnesses. Services include advising family caregivers. Provide patients with information and counseling, and make referrals for other services. May also provide case and care management or interventions designed to promote health, prevent disease, and address barriers to access to healthcare. Alternate Job Title(s): Hospice Social Worker; Oncology Social Worker; Public Health Social Worker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 430 492 14.462 131 262 455 $53,070

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 13.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 86.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Collaborate with other professionals to evaluate patients' medical or physical condition and to assess client needs. Advocate for clients or patients to resolve crises. Refer patient, client, or family to community resources to assist in recovery from mental or physical illness and to provide access to services such as financial assistance, legal aid, housing, job placement or education. Investigate child abuse or neglect cases and take authorized protective action when necessary. Counsel clients and patients in individual and group sessions to help them overcome dependencies, recover from illness, and adjust to life.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Assisting and Caring for Others Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Concern for Others Therapy and Counseling Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Psychology Social Perceptiveness Problem Sensitivity Dependability English Language Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Stress Tolerance Customer and Personal Service Coordination Inductive Reasoning Cooperation Sociology and Anthropology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree None Internship/residency

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 326 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

21-1023 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Occupation Description: Assess and treat individuals with mental, emotional, or substance abuse problems, including abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and/or other drugs. Activities may include individual and group therapy, crisis intervention, case management, client advocacy, prevention, and education. Alternate Job Title(s): Community Mental Health Social Worker; Drug Abuse Social Worker; Psychiatric Social Worker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 258 284 10.126 77 154 257 $50,340

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Counsel clients in individual or group sessions to assist them in dealing with substance abuse, mental or physical illness, poverty, unemployment, or physical abuse. Monitor, evaluate, and record client progress with respect to treatment goals. Interview clients, review records, conduct assessments, or confer with other professionals to evaluate the mental or physical condition of clients or patients. Collaborate with counselors, physicians, or nurses to plan or coordinate treatment, drawing on social work experience and patient needs. Counsel or aid family members to assist them in understanding, dealing with, or supporting the client or patient.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Assisting and Caring for Others Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Concern for Others Psychology Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Therapy and Counseling Social Perceptiveness Problem Sensitivity Dependability Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Stress Tolerance Sociology and Anthropology Monitoring Written Expression Self Control English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree None Internship/residency

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 327 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

21-1093 Social and Human Service Assistants

Occupation Description: Assist other social and human service providers in providing client services in a wide variety of fields, such as psychology, rehabilitation, or social work, including support for families. May assist clients in identifying and obtaining available benefits and social and community services. May assist social workers with developing, organizing, and conducting programs to prevent and resolve problems relevant to substance abuse, human relationships, rehabilitation, or dependent care. Excludes Rehabilitation Counselors (21-1015), Psychiatric Technicians (29-2053), Personal Care Aides (31-1122), and Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs (43- 4061). Alternate Job Title(s): Case Work Aide; Family Service Assistant; Human Services Worker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,450 1,624 12.0174 603 1,041 1,818 $44,220

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 9.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Assess clients' cognitive abilities and physical and emotional needs to determine appropriate interventions. Develop and implement behavioral management and care plans for clients. Keep records or prepare reports for owner or management concerning visits with clients. Visit individuals in homes or attend group meetings to provide information on agency services, requirements, or procedures. Submit reports and review reports or problems with superior.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Documenting/Recording Information Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Speech Clarity Dependability Psychology Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension Cooperation Therapy and Counseling Service Orientation Written Comprehension Concern for Others English Language Reading Comprehension Written Expression Stress Tolerance Clerical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 328 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

21-2011 Clergy

Occupation Description: Conduct religious worship and perform other spiritual functions associated with beliefs and practices of religious faith or denomination. Provide spiritual and moral guidance and assistance to members. Alternate Job Title(s): Imam; Priest; Rabbi

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,291 1,262 -2.2 -29 544 656 1,171 $52,130

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration).

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Pray and promote spirituality. Read from sacred texts, such as the Bible, Torah, or Koran. Prepare and deliver sermons or other talks. Organize and lead regular religious services. Plan or lead religious education programs.

Top Generalized Work Activities Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others Assisting and Caring for Others Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Philosophy and Theology Active Listening Speech Clarity Concern for Others English Language Service Orientation Speech Recognition Dependability Therapy and Counseling Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension Leadership Psychology Writing Written Comprehension Self Control Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 329 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

21-2021 Directors, Religious Activities and Education

Occupation Description: Coordinate or design programs and conduct outreach to promote the religious education or activities of a denominational group. May provide counseling, guidance, and leadership relative to marital, health, financial, and religious problems. Alternate Job Title(s): Religious Education Director; Youth Ministry Director

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 346 332 -4.0 -14 142 221 349 $64,880

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration).

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Identify and recruit potential volunteer workers. Develop or direct study courses or religious education programs within congregations. Publicize programs through sources, such as newsletters, bulletins, or mailings. Train and supervise religious education instructional staff. Select appropriate curricula or class structures for educational programs.

Top Generalized Work Activities Thinking Creatively Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension Integrity Philosophy and Theology Speaking Written Comprehension Concern for Others Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Dependability Education and Training Active Listening Written Expression Leadership English Language Critical Thinking Speech Clarity Cooperation Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 330 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

31-9011 Massage Therapists

Occupation Description: Perform therapeutic massages of soft tissues and joints. May assist in the assessment of range of motion and muscle strength, or propose client therapy plans. Alternate Job Title(s): Deep Tissue Massage Therapist; Licensed Massage Therapist; Swedish Masseuse

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 369 428 16.059 230 172 461 $41,280

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 87.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration). Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Other Services (except Public Administration). The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 40% and 49%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Massage and knead muscles and soft tissues of the body to provide treatment for medical conditions, injuries, or wellness maintenance. Confer with clients about their medical histories and problems with stress or pain to determine how massage will be most helpful. Apply finger and hand pressure to specific points of the body. Maintain treatment records. Assess clients' soft tissue condition, joint quality and function, muscle strength, and range of motion.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing General Physical Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Dynamic Strength Dependability English Language Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Concern for Others Biology Service Orientation Manual Dexterity Self Control Judgment and Decision Making Trunk Strength Attention to Detail

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 331 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

39-4021 Funeral Attendants

Occupation Description: Perform a variety of tasks during funeral, such as placing casket in parlor or chapel prior to service, arranging floral offerings or lights around casket, directing or escorting mourners, closing casket, and issuing and storing funeral equipment. Alternate Job Title(s): Funeral Home Assistant; Mortician Helper; Pallbearer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 175 166 -5.1 -9 160 98 249 $33,990

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration).

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Greet people at the funeral home. Perform a variety of tasks during funerals to assist funeral directors and to ensure that services run smoothly and as planned. Transport the deceased to the funeral home. Direct or escort mourners to parlors or chapels in which wakes or funerals are being held. Close caskets at appropriate point in services.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Assisting and Caring for Others Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important] Time Pressure [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Expression Dependability English Language Service Orientation Speech Recognition Concern for Others Active Listening Speech Clarity Self Control Monitoring Static Strength Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 332 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

39-4031 Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Arrangers

Occupation Description: Perform various tasks to arrange and direct individual funeral services, such as coordinating transportation of body to mortuary, interviewing family or other authorized person to arrange details, selecting pallbearers, aiding with the selection of officials for religious rites, and providing transportation for mourners. Excludes Funeral Home Managers (11-9171). Alternate Job Title(s): Certified Mortician; Funeral Arranger

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 130 123 -5.4 -7 59 75 127 $59,410

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration). The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Obtain information needed to complete legal documents, such as death certificates or burial permits. Consult with families or friends of the deceased to arrange funeral details, such as obituary notice wording, casket selection, or plans for services. Perform embalming duties, as necessary. Oversee the preparation and care of the remains of people who have died. Contact cemeteries to schedule the opening and closing of graves.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Assisting and Caring for Others Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Comprehension Concern for Others Administration and Management Service Orientation Speech Clarity Integrity Clerical Coordination Speech Recognition Self Control Psychology Speaking Problem Sensitivity Dependability Sales and Marketing

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 333 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

39-5011 Barbers

Occupation Description: Provide barbering services, such as cutting, trimming, shampooing, and styling hair; trimming beards; or giving shaves. Alternate Job Title(s): Barber Apprentice; Master Barber

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 180 183 1.73 83 93 179 N/A

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration). The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally greater than 75%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Clean and sterilize scissors, combs, clippers, and other instruments. Drape and pin protective cloths around customers' shoulders. Cut and trim hair according to clients' instructions or current hairstyles, using clippers, combs, hand-held blow driers, and scissors. Question patrons regarding desired services and haircut styles. Clean work stations and sweep floors.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Thinking Creatively Performing General Physical Activities

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Arm-Hand Steadiness Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Speaking Near Vision Self Control Administration and Management Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension Cooperation English Language Service Orientation Manual Dexterity Dependability Economics and Accounting Judgment and Decision Making Finger Dexterity Concern for Others Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 334 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

39-5012 Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists

Occupation Description: Provide beauty services, such as cutting, coloring, and styling hair, and massaging and treating scalp. May shampoo hair, apply makeup, dress wigs, remove hair, and provide nail and skincare services. Excludes Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performance (39-5091), Manicurists and Pedicurists (39-5092), and Skincare Specialists (39- 5094). Alternate Job Title(s): Beautician; Wig Stylist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 2,038 1,970 -3.3 -68 1,163 1,060 2,155 $31,260

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration). The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 40% and 49%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Keep work stations clean and sanitize tools, such as scissors and combs. Bleach, dye, or tint hair, using applicator or brush. Cut, trim and shape hair or hairpieces, based on customers' instructions, hair type, and facial features, using clippers, scissors, trimmers and razors. Schedule client appointments. Update and maintain customer information records, such as beauty services provided.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Selling or Influencing Others Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Artistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Near Vision Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Speaking Manual Dexterity Self Control Sales and Marketing Service Orientation Arm-Hand Steadiness Cooperation Administration and Management Critical Thinking Finger Dexterity Dependability Judgment and Decision Making Originality Adaptability/Flexibility

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 335 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

39-5092 Manicurists and Pedicurists

Occupation Description: Clean and shape customers' fingernails and toenails. May polish or decorate nails. Alternate Job Title(s): Fingernail Sculptor; Nail Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 247 271 9.724 140 124 288 $30,930

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration). Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Other Services (except Public Administration). The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 60% and 74%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Clean and sanitize tools and work environment. Apply undercoat and clear or colored polish onto nails with brush. Maintain supply inventories and records of client services. Shape and smooth ends of nails, using scissors, files, or emery boards. Prepare nail cuticles with water and oil, using cuticle knives to push back cuticles and scissors or nippers to trim cuticles.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Exposed to Contaminants [Every day] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)] Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Near Vision Adaptability/Flexibility Customer and Personal Service Social Perceptiveness Finger Dexterity Attention to Detail Service Orientation Arm-Hand Steadiness Self Control Active Listening Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Speech Recognition Independence

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 336 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

39-5094 Skincare Specialists

Occupation Description: Provide skincare treatments to face and body to enhance an individual's appearance. Includes electrologists and laser hair removal specialists. Alternate Job Title(s): Electrolysis Operator; Facialist; Medical Esthetician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 270 309 14.439 157 139 335 $34,440

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration). Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Other Services (except Public Administration). The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 20% and 29%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Sterilize equipment and clean work areas. Examine clients' skin, using magnifying lamps or visors when necessary, to evaluate skin condition and appearance. Cleanse clients' skin with water, creams, or lotions. Demonstrate how to clean and care for skin properly and recommend skin-care regimens. Select and apply cosmetic products, such as creams, lotions, and tonics.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Assisting and Caring for Others Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Oral Expression Attention to Detail English Language Active Listening Near Vision Concern for Others Active Learning Speech Clarity Self Control Reading Comprehension Speech Recognition Integrity

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 337 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

39-9011 Childcare Workers

Occupation Description: Attend to children at schools, businesses, private households, and childcare institutions. Perform a variety of tasks, such as dressing, feeding, bathing, and overseeing play. Excludes Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education (25-2011) and Teaching Assistants, Preschool, Elementary, Middle, and Secondary School, Except Special Education (25-9042). Alternate Job Title(s): Au Pair; Daycare Provider; Nanny

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 5,071 5,125 1.154 3,779 3,202 7,035 $25,380

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 99.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Maintain a safe play environment. Observe and monitor children's play activities. Communicate with children's parents or guardians about daily activities, behaviors, and related issues. Support children's emotional and social development, encouraging understanding of others and positive self-concepts. Care for children in institutional setting, such as group homes, nursery schools, private businesses, or schools for the handicapped.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Making Decisions and Solving Problems Thinking Creatively

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Very important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Oral Comprehension Self Control Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Oral Expression Integrity English Language Social Perceptiveness Problem Sensitivity Stress Tolerance Education and Training Active Listening Far Vision Concern for Others Public Safety and Security Coordination Written Comprehension Cooperation Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 338 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

39-9031 Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors

Occupation Description: Instruct or coach groups or individuals in exercise activities for the primary purpose of personal fitness. Demonstrate techniques and form, observe participants, and explain to them corrective measures necessary to improve their skills. Develop and implement individualized approaches to exercise. Excludes Educational Instruction and Library Occupations (25-0000), Coaches and Scouts (27-2022), and Athletic Trainers (29-9091). Alternate Job Title(s): Aerobics Instructor; Personal Trainer; Yoga Instructor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,674 1,914 14.3240 1,112 1,592 2,944 $33,240

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Offer alternatives during classes to accommodate different levels of fitness. Plan routines, choose appropriate music, and choose different movements for each set of muscles, depending on participants' capabilities and limitations. Evaluate individuals' abilities, needs, and physical conditions, and develop suitable training programs to meet any special requirements. Observe participants and inform them of corrective measures necessary for skill improvement. Monitor participants' progress and adapt programs as needed.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing General Physical Activities Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Instructing Gross Body Coordination Dependability Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Stamina Self Control Education and Training Social Perceptiveness Trunk Strength Integrity Psychology Speaking Extent Flexibility Concern for Others English Language Monitoring Oral Expression Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 339 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

39-9041 Residential Advisors

Occupation Description: Coordinate activities in resident facilities in secondary school and college dormitories, group homes, or similar establishments. Order supplies and determine need for maintenance, repairs, and furnishings. May maintain household records and assign rooms. May assist residents with problem solving or refer them to counseling resources. Alternate Job Title(s): Dormitory Counselor; House Parent; Residence Life Coordinator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,002 1,110 10.8108 611 872 1,591 $35,660

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Communicate with other staff to resolve problems with individual students. Observe students to detect and report unusual behavior. Supervise, train, and evaluate residence hall staff, including resident assistants, participants in work-study programs, and other student workers. Provide emergency first aid and summon medical assistance when necessary. Make regular rounds to ensure that residents and areas are safe and secure.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Social Perceptiveness Problem Sensitivity Concern for Others Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Expression Adaptability/Flexibility Administration and Management Monitoring Oral Comprehension Self Control Public Safety and Security Coordination Speech Clarity Integrity Education and Training Speaking Speech Recognition Stress Tolerance English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 340 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

51-6011 Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers

Occupation Description: Operate or tend washing or dry-cleaning machines to wash or dry-clean industrial or household articles, such as cloth garments, suede, leather, furs, blankets, draperies, linens, rugs, and carpets. Includes spotters and dyers of these articles. Alternate Job Title(s): Laundry Attendant; Laundry Equipment Operator; Laundry Sorter

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 910 929 2.119 557 533 1,109 $28,100

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration). Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Load articles into washers or dry-cleaning machines, or direct other workers to perform loading. Start washers, dry cleaners, driers, or extractors, and turn valves or levers to regulate machine processes and the volume of soap, detergent, water, bleach, starch, and other additives. Operate extractors and driers, or direct their operation. Remove items from washers or dry-cleaning machines, or direct other workers to do so. Sort and count articles removed from dryers, and fold, wrap, or hang them.

Top Generalized Work Activities Handling and Moving Objects Performing General Physical Activities Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Responsible for Others' Health and Safety [High responsibility] Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions [More than half the time]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Arm-Hand Steadiness Independence Customer and Personal Service Monitoring Manual Dexterity Attention to Detail Production and Processing Speech Recognition Integrity Control Precision Dependability Oral Comprehension Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 341 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Human Services

51-6052 Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers

Occupation Description: Design, make, alter, repair, or fit garments. Alternate Job Title(s): Alterations Tailor; Coat Maker; Vest Maker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 105 93 -11.4 -12 77 43 108 $34,390

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 40% and 49%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Measure parts, such as sleeves or pant legs, and mark or pin-fold alteration lines. Remove stitches from garments to be altered, using rippers or razor blades. Sew garments, using needles and thread or sewing machines. Let out or take in seams in suits and other garments to improve fit. Measure customers, using tape measures, and record measurements.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work Thinking Creatively

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Time Pressure [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Time Management Visualization Cooperation Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Arm-Hand Steadiness Attention to Detail English Language Speaking Finger Dexterity Integrity Production and Processing Critical Thinking Near Vision Self Control Administration and Management Oral Comprehension Stress Tolerance Economics and Accounting

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 342 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Information Technology

15-1211 Computer Systems Analysts

Occupation Description: Analyze science, engineering, business, and other data processing problems to develop and implement solutions to complex applications problems, system administration issues, or network concerns. Perform systems management and integration functions, improve existing computer systems, and review computer system capabilities, workflow, and schedule limitations. May analyze or recommend commercially available software. Alternate Job Title(s): Applications Analyst; Data Processing Systems Analyst; Information Systems Analyst; Systems Architect

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 466 519 11.453 94 218 365 $68,080

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 14.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 85.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Test, maintain, and monitor computer programs and systems, including coordinating the installation of computer programs and systems. Troubleshoot program and system malfunctions to restore normal functioning. Expand or modify system to serve new purposes or improve work flow. Use the computer in the analysis and solution of business problems, such as development of integrated production and inventory control and cost analysis systems. Consult with management to ensure agreement on system principles.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Processing Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Analytical Thinking Computers and Electronics Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail English Language Critical Thinking Deductive Reasoning Dependability Customer and Personal Service Speaking Written Comprehension Integrity Mathematics Systems Analysis Near Vision Adaptability/Flexibility

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 343 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Information Technology

15-1212 Information Security Analysts

Occupation Description: Plan, implement, upgrade, or monitor security measures for the protection of computer networks and information. Assess system vulnerabilities for security risks and propose and implement risk mitigation strategies. May ensure appropriate security controls are in place that will safeguard digital files and vital electronic infrastructure. May respond to computer security breaches and viruses. Excludes Computer Network Architects (15-1241). Alternate Job Title(s): Computer Security Specialist; IT Risk Specialist; Network Security Analyst

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 114 153 34.2 39 19 67 125 $87,090

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 31.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 68.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Management of Companies and Enterprises. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Management of Companies and Enterprises. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Develop plans to safeguard computer files against accidental or unauthorized modification, destruction, or disclosure and to meet emergency data processing needs. Monitor current reports of computer viruses to determine when to update virus protection systems. Encrypt data transmissions and erect firewalls to conceal confidential information as it is being transmitted and to keep out tainted digital transfers. Perform risk assessments and execute tests of data processing system to ensure functioning of data processing activities and security measures. Modify computer security files to incorporate new software, correct errors, or change individual access status.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Telephone [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Inductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Critical Thinking Deductive Reasoning Integrity English Language Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Dependability Administration and Management Complex Problem Solving Oral Comprehension Analytical Thinking Telecommunications Speaking Written Comprehension Cooperation Engineering and Technology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 344 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Information Technology

15-1231 Computer Network Support Specialists

Occupation Description: Analyze, test, troubleshoot, and evaluate existing network systems, such as local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), cloud networks, servers, and other data communications networks. Perform network maintenance to ensure networks operate correctly with minimal interruption. Excludes Computer Network Architects (15-1241) and Network and Computer Systems Administrators (15-1244). Alternate Job Title(s): Network Diagnostic Support Specialist; Network Support Technician; Network Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 687 748 8.961 126 357 544 $66,930

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Back up network data. Configure security settings or access permissions for groups or individuals. Analyze and report computer network security breaches or attempted breaches. Identify the causes of networking problems, using diagnostic testing software and equipment. Document network support activities.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Deductive Reasoning Cooperation Computers and Electronics Active Listening Oral Comprehension Analytical Thinking Telecommunications Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Judgment and Decision Making Oral Expression Dependability Engineering and Technology Complex Problem Solving Inductive Reasoning Integrity English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 345 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Information Technology

15-1232 Computer User Support Specialists

Occupation Description: Provide technical assistance to computer users. Answer questions or resolve computer problems for clients in person, via telephone, or electronically. May provide assistance concerning the use of computer hardware and software, including printing, installation, word processing, electronic mail, and operating systems. Excludes Network and Computer Systems Administrators (15-1244). Alternate Job Title(s): End-User Support Specialist; Help Desk Technician; IT Support Specialist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,907 2,105 10.4198 353 997 1,548 $47,870

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 87.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Answer user inquiries regarding computer software or hardware operation to resolve problems. Oversee the daily performance of computer systems. Read technical manuals, confer with users, or conduct computer diagnostics to investigate and resolve problems or to provide technical assistance and support. Set up equipment for employee use, performing or ensuring proper installation of cables, operating systems, or appropriate software. Develop training materials and procedures, or train users in the proper use of hardware or software.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Active Listening Oral Expression Dependability Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Comprehension Cooperation English Language Complex Problem Solving Near Vision Analytical Thinking Telecommunications Critical Thinking Information Ordering Stress Tolerance Engineering and Technology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 346 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Information Technology

15-1241 Computer Network Architects

Occupation Description: Design and implement computer and information networks, such as local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), intranets, extranets, and other data communications networks. Perform network modeling, analysis, and planning, including analysis of capacity needs for network infrastructures. May also design network and computer security measures. May research and recommend network and data communications hardware and software. Excludes Information Security Analysts (15-1212), Computer Network Support Specialists (15-1231), and Network and Computer Systems Administrators (15-1244). Alternate Job Title(s): Computer Network Engineer; Network Designer; Network Developer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 108 123 13.915 16 49 80 $91,030

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 18.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 81.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Develop or recommend network security measures, such as firewalls, network security audits, or automated security probes. Develop disaster recovery plans. Monitor and analyze network performance and reports on data input or output to detect problems, identify inefficient use of computer resources, or perform capacity planning. Coordinate network or design activities with designers of associated networks. Develop conceptual, logical, or physical network designs.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Analyzing Data or Information Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Once a week or more but not every day] Telephone [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Information Ordering Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Active Listening Oral Comprehension Analytical Thinking Telecommunications Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Dependability Engineering and Technology Complex Problem Solving Deductive Reasoning Persistence English Language Judgment and Decision Making Problem Sensitivity Integrity Design

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 347 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Information Technology

15-1244 Network and Computer Systems Administrators

Occupation Description: Install, configure, and maintain an organization's local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), data communications network, operating systems, and physical and virtual servers. Perform system monitoring and verify the integrity and availability of hardware, network, and server resources and systems. Review system and application logs and verify completion of scheduled jobs, including system backups. Analyze network and server resource consumption and control user access. Install and upgrade software and maintain software licenses. May assist in network modeling, analysis, planning, and coordination between network and data communications hardware and software. Excludes Information Security Analysts (15-1212), Computer Network Support Specialists (15-1231), and Computer User Support Specialists (15-1232). Alternate Job Title(s): Network Analyst; Network Coordinator; Wide Area Network Administrator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 609 631 3.622 93 268 383 $74,750

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Maintain and administer computer networks and related computing environments including computer hardware, systems software, applications software, and all configurations. Perform data backups and disaster recovery operations. Diagnose, troubleshoot, and resolve hardware, software, or other network and system problems, and replace defective components when necessary. Configure, monitor, and maintain email applications or virus protection software. Operate master consoles to monitor the performance of computer systems and networks, and to coordinate computer network access and use.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Making Decisions and Solving Problems Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Judgment and Decision Making Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Analytical Thinking English Language Systems Analysis Information Ordering Dependability Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Inductive Reasoning Integrity Engineering and Technology Complex Problem Solving Deductive Reasoning Cooperation Telecommunications

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 348 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Information Technology

15-1245 Database Administrators and Architects

Occupation Description: Administer, test, and implement computer databases, applying knowledge of database management systems. Coordinate changes to computer databases. Identify, investigate, and resolve database performance issues, database capacity, and database scalability. May plan, coordinate, and implement security measures to safeguard computer databases. Design strategies for enterprise databases, data warehouse systems, and multidimensional networks. Set standards for database operations, programming, query processes, and security. Model, design, and construct large relational databases or data warehouses. Create and optimize data models for warehouse infrastructure and workflow. Integrate new systems with existing warehouse structure and refine system performance and functionality. Excludes Information Security Analysts (15-1212). Alternate Job Title(s): N/A

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 118 128 8.510 24 52 86 $78,110

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Test programs or databases, correct errors, and make necessary modifications. Plan, coordinate and implement security measures to safeguard information in computer files against accidental or unauthorized damage, modification or disclosure. Modify existing databases and database management systems or direct programmers and analysts to make changes. Specify users and user access levels for each segment of database. Write and code logical and physical database descriptions and specify identifiers of database to management system or direct others in coding descriptions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Processing Information Analyzing Data or Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Complex Problem Solving Information Ordering Analytical Thinking English Language Judgment and Decision Making Deductive Reasoning Integrity Telecommunications Active Learning Inductive Reasoning Cooperation Mathematics Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 349 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Information Technology

15-1251 Computer Programmers

Occupation Description: Create, modify, and test the code and scripts that allow computer applications to run. Work from specifications drawn up by software and web developers or other individuals. May develop and write computer programs to store, locate, and retrieve specific documents, data, and information. Alternate Job Title(s): Applications Programmer; Computer Language Coder; IT Programmer; Systems Programmer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 610 570 -6.6 -40 106 253 319 $76,820

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Finance and Insurance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Write, analyze, review, and rewrite programs, using workflow chart and diagram, and applying knowledge of computer capabilities, subject matter, and symbolic logic. Correct errors by making appropriate changes and rechecking the program to ensure that the desired results are produced. Perform or direct revision, repair, or expansion of existing programs to increase operating efficiency or adapt to new requirements. Write, update, and maintain computer programs or software packages to handle specific jobs such as tracking inventory, storing or retrieving data, or controlling other equipment. Consult with managerial, engineering, and technical personnel to clarify program intent, identify problems, and suggest changes.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Processing Information Analyzing Data or Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Programming Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Active Listening Oral Comprehension Analytical Thinking Mathematics Complex Problem Solving Near Vision Integrity Engineering and Technology Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Cooperation English Language Quality Control Analysis Deductive Reasoning Independence Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 350 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Information Technology

15-1256 Software Developers and Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers

Occupation Description: Research, design, and develop computer and network software or specialized utility programs. Analyze user needs and develop software solutions, applying principles and techniques of computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis. Update software or enhance existing software capabilities. May work with computer hardware engineers to integrate hardware and software systems, and develop specifications and performance requirements. Develop and execute software tests to identify software problems and their causes. Test system modifications to prepare for implementation. Document software and application defects using a bug tracking system and report defects to software or web developers. Alternate Job Title(s): N/A

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,472 1,830 24.3 358 235 777 1,370 $82,930

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 26.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 73.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Modify existing software to correct errors, allow it to adapt to new hardware, or to improve its performance. Analyze user needs and software requirements to determine feasibility of design within time and cost constraints. Confer with systems analysts, engineers, programmers and others to design system and to obtain information on project limitations and capabilities, performance requirements and interfaces. Store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements. Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcome and consequences of design.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Making Decisions and Solving Problems Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Programming Problem Sensitivity Analytical Thinking Computers and Electronics Systems Analysis Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Engineering and Technology Systems Evaluation Inductive Reasoning Innovation English Language Judgment and Decision Making Near Vision Integrity Mathematics Critical Thinking Information Ordering Initiative Design

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 351 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Information Technology

15-1257 Web Developers and Digital Interface Designers

Occupation Description: Develop and implement websites, web applications, application databases, and interactive web interfaces. Evaluate code to ensure that it is properly structured, meets industry standards, and is compatible with browsers and devices. Optimize website performance, scalability, and server-side code and processes. May develop website infrastructure and integrate websites with other computer applications. Design digital user interfaces or websites. Develop and test layouts, interfaces, functionality, and navigation menus to ensure compatibility and usability across browsers or devices. Excludes Special Effects Artists and Animators (27-1014) and Graphic Designers (27-1024). Alternate Job Title(s): N/A

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 228 243 6.615 43 114 172 $56,230

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Write supporting code for Web applications or Web sites. Design, build, or maintain Web sites, using authoring or scripting languages, content creation tools, management tools, and digital media. Back up files from Web sites to local directories for instant recovery in case of problems. Select programming languages, design tools, or applications. Evaluate code to ensure that it is valid, is properly structured, meets industry standards, and is compatible with browsers, devices, or operating systems.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Thinking Creatively

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually] Electronic Mail [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [Some freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Programming Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Persistence English Language Complex Problem Solving Near Vision Analytical Thinking Mathematics Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Dependability Communications and Media Operations Analysis Problem Sensitivity Adaptability/Flexibility

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 352 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

21-1092 Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists

Occupation Description: Provide social services to assist in rehabilitation of law offenders in custody or on probation or parole. Make recommendations for actions involving formulation of rehabilitation plan and treatment of offender, including conditional release and education and employment stipulations. Alternate Job Title(s): Juvenile Probation Officer; Parole Agent; Parole Officer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 240 240 0.00 49 128 177 $60,500

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare and maintain case folder for each assigned inmate or offender. Interview probationers and parolees regularly to evaluate their progress in accomplishing goals and maintaining the terms specified in their probation contracts and rehabilitation plans. Gather information about offenders' backgrounds by talking to offenders, their families and friends, and other people who have relevant information. Discuss with offenders how such issues as drug and alcohol abuse and anger management problems might have played roles in their criminal behavior. Supervise people on community-based sentences, such as electronically monitored home detention, and provide field supervision of probationers by conducting curfew checks or visits to home, work, or school.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Documenting/Recording Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Social

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Law and Government Social Perceptiveness Written Comprehension Self Control Public Safety and Security Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Dependability English Language Critical Thinking Deductive Reasoning Stress Tolerance Psychology Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Therapy and Counseling

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 353 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

23-1011 Lawyers

Occupation Description: Represent clients in criminal and civil litigation and other legal proceedings, draw up legal documents, or manage or advise clients on legal transactions. May specialize in a single area or may practice broadly in many areas of law. Alternate Job Title(s): Attorney; Corporate Counsel; Public Defender

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,880 1,892 0.612 396 438 846 $113,280

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 40% and 49%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Analyze the probable outcomes of cases, using knowledge of legal precedents. Advise clients concerning business transactions, claim liability, advisability of prosecuting or defending lawsuits, or legal rights and obligations. Select jurors, argue motions, meet with judges, and question witnesses during the course of a trial. Interpret laws, rulings and regulations for individuals and businesses. Present evidence to defend clients or prosecute defendants in criminal or civil litigation.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Analytical Thinking Law and Government Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Speech Clarity Attention to Detail Administration and Management Complex Problem Solving Written Expression Stress Tolerance Personnel and Human Resources

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 354 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

23-1023 Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates

Occupation Description: Arbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice in a court of law. May sentence defendant in criminal cases according to government statutes or sentencing guidelines. May determine liability of defendant in civil cases. May perform wedding ceremonies. Alternate Job Title(s): Circuit Court Judge; Justice; Tribal Judge

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 147 148 0.71 31 34 66 $135,240

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Sentence defendants in criminal cases, on conviction by jury, according to applicable government statutes. Monitor proceedings to ensure that all applicable rules and procedures are followed. Instruct juries on applicable laws, direct juries to deduce the facts from the evidence presented, and hear their verdicts. Write decisions on cases. Read documents on pleadings and motions to ascertain facts and issues.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Getting Information Performing for or Working Directly with the Public

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Deductive Reasoning Integrity Law and Government Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Stress Tolerance English Language Judgment and Decision Making Written Comprehension Self Control Administration and Management Reading Comprehension Inductive Reasoning Dependability Psychology Writing Oral Expression Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Doctoral or professional degree 5 years or more Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 355 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

23-2011 Paralegals and Legal Assistants

Occupation Description: Assist lawyers by investigating facts, preparing legal documents, or researching legal precedent. Conduct research to support a legal proceeding, to formulate a defense, or to initiate legal action. Excludes Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants (43-6012). Alternate Job Title(s): Legal Aide

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 656 749 14.293 246 427 766 $46,660

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 87.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare affidavits or other documents, such as legal correspondence, and organize and maintain documents in paper or electronic filing system. Prepare legal documents, including briefs, pleadings, appeals, wills, contracts, and real estate closing statements. Prepare for trial by performing tasks such as organizing exhibits. Investigate facts and law of cases and search pertinent sources, such as public records and internet sources, to determine causes of action and to prepare cases. Meet with clients and other professionals to discuss details of case.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Clerical Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity English Language Speaking Written Expression Dependability Law and Government Writing Oral Comprehension Initiative Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Near Vision Cooperation Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 356 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

23-2093 Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers

Occupation Description: Search real estate records, examine titles, or summarize pertinent legal or insurance documents or details for a variety of purposes. May compile lists of mortgages, contracts, and other instruments pertaining to titles by searching public and private records for law firms, real estate agencies, or title insurance companies. Excludes Loan Officers (13-2072). Alternate Job Title(s): Escrow Officer; Lien Searcher; Title Officer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 553 597 8.044 190 265 499 $52,370

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Examine documentation such as mortgages, liens, judgments, easements, plat books, maps, contracts, and agreements to verify factors such as properties' legal descriptions, ownership, or restrictions. Examine individual titles to determine if restrictions, such as delinquent taxes, will affect titles and limit property use. Prepare reports describing any title encumbrances encountered during searching activities, and outlining actions needed to clear titles. Copy or summarize recorded documents, such as mortgages, trust deeds, and contracts, that affect property titles. Verify accuracy and completeness of land-related documents accepted for registration, preparing rejection notices when documents are not acceptable.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Documenting/Recording Information Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Active Listening Written Comprehension Integrity Law and Government Speaking Oral Expression Dependability Clerical Critical Thinking Written Expression Cooperation Customer and Personal Service Writing Near Vision Stress Tolerance Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 357 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

33-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers

Occupation Description: Directly supervise and coordinate activities of correctional officers and jailers. Alternate Job Title(s): Corrections Sergeant; Prison Guard Supervisor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 77 73 -5.2 -4 23 28 47 $64,950

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Take, receive, or check periodic inmate counts. Maintain order, discipline, and security within assigned areas in accordance with relevant rules, regulations, policies, and laws. Maintain knowledge of, comply with, and enforce all institutional policies, rules, procedures, and regulations. Respond to emergencies, such as escapes. Supervise and direct the work of correctional officers to ensure the safe custody, discipline, and welfare of inmates.

Top Generalized Work Activities Documenting/Recording Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Integrity Public Safety and Security Active Listening Oral Comprehension Self Control Law and Government Critical Thinking Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Administration and Management Coordination Deductive Reasoning Dependability Psychology Social Perceptiveness Written Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 358 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

33-1012 First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives

Occupation Description: Directly supervise and coordinate activities of members of police force. Alternate Job Title(s): Commanding Officer Homicide Squad; Detective Lieutenant; Police Lieutenant; Traffic Sergeant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 190 199 4.79 46 68 123 $87,400

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Supervise and coordinate the investigation of criminal cases, offering guidance and expertise to investigators, and ensuring that procedures are conducted in accordance with laws and regulations. Explain police operations to subordinates to assist them in performing their job duties. Train staff in proper police work procedures. Investigate and resolve personnel problems within organization and charges of misconduct against staff. Inform personnel of changes in regulations and policies, implications of new or amended laws, and new techniques of police work.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Making Decisions and Solving Problems Performing for or Working Directly with the Public

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Law and Government Speaking Oral Comprehension Self Control Public Safety and Security Coordination Written Comprehension Stress Tolerance English Language Social Perceptiveness Problem Sensitivity Dependability Psychology Monitoring Deductive Reasoning Leadership Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 359 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

33-1021 First-Line Supervisors of Firefighting and Prevention Workers

Occupation Description: Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in firefighting and fire prevention and control. Alternate Job Title(s): Fire Lieutenant; Municipal Fire Fighting and Prevention Supervisor; Supervising Fire Marshal

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 184 201 9.217 43 66 126 $72,820

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 13.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 86.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Assign firefighters to jobs at strategic locations to facilitate rescue of persons and maximize application of extinguishing agents. Provide emergency medical services as required, and perform light to heavy rescue functions at emergencies. Assess nature and extent of fire, condition of building, danger to adjacent buildings, and water supply status to determine crew or company requirements. Communicate fire details to superiors, subordinates, or interagency dispatch centers, using two-way radios. Serve as a working leader of an engine, hand, helicopter, or prescribed fire crew of three or more firefighters.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Performing General Physical Activities

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Responsible for Others' Health and Safety [Very high responsibility] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Integrity Public Safety and Security Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Expression Leadership Administration and Management Complex Problem Solving Deductive Reasoning Stress Tolerance English Language Coordination Inductive Reasoning Adaptability/Flexibility Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 360 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

33-2011 Firefighters

Occupation Description: Control and extinguish fires or respond to emergency situations where life, property, or the environment is at risk. Duties may include fire prevention, emergency medical service, hazardous material response, search and rescue, and disaster assistance. Alternate Job Title(s): Fire Engine Pump Operator; Forest Firefighter; Marine Firefighter; Smoke Jumper

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 812 867 6.855 171 368 594 $46,080

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 9.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Government. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Rescue victims from burning buildings, accident sites, and water hazards. Dress with equipment such as fire-resistant clothing and breathing apparatus. Assess fires and situations and report conditions to superiors to receive instructions, using two-way radios. Move toward the source of a fire, using knowledge of types of fires, construction design, building materials, and physical layout of properties. Respond to fire alarms and other calls for assistance, such as automobile and industrial accidents.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Performing General Physical Activities

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Dependability Public Safety and Security Monitoring Static Strength Stress Tolerance Building and Construction Operation Monitoring Multilimb Coordination Self Control Customer and Personal Service Coordination Oral Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility Mechanical Critical Thinking Oral Expression Attention to Detail Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 361 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

33-3011 Bailiffs

Occupation Description: Maintain order in courts of law. Alternate Job Title(s): Court Bailiff; Court Security Officer; Deputy Bailiff

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 183 176 -3.8 -7 72 81 146 $30,820

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Screen persons entering courthouse using magnetometers, x-ray machines, and other devices to collect and retain unauthorized firearms and other contraband. Escort prisoners to and from courthouse and maintain custody of prisoners during court proceedings. Maintain order in courtroom during trial and guard jury from outside contact. Provide security by patrolling interior and exterior of courthouse and escorting judges and other court employees. Guard lodging of sequestered jury.

Top Generalized Work Activities Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Work With Work Group or Team [Very important] Deal With External Customers [Very important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Social Perceptiveness Problem Sensitivity Integrity Public Safety and Security Monitoring Selective Attention Self Control Law and Government Speaking Speech Clarity Dependability English Language Active Listening Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Customer and Personal Service Judgment and Decision Making Speech Recognition Cooperation Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 362 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

33-3012 Correctional Officers and Jailers

Occupation Description: Guard inmates in penal or rehabilitative institutions in accordance with established regulations and procedures. May guard prisoners in transit between jail, courtroom, prison, or other point. Includes deputy sheriffs and police who spend the majority of their time guarding prisoners in correctional institutions. Alternate Job Title(s): Certified Detention Deputy; Juvenile Corrections Officer; Prison Guard

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 727 691 -5.0 -36 283 322 569 $46,180

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Conduct head counts to ensure that each prisoner is present. Inspect conditions of locks, window bars, grills, doors, and gates at correctional facilities to ensure security and help prevent escapes. Monitor conduct of prisoners in housing unit, or during work or recreational activities, according to established policies, regulations, and procedures, to prevent escape or violence. Search prisoners and vehicles and conduct shakedowns of cells for valuables and contraband, such as weapons or drugs. Maintain records of prisoners' identification and charges.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension Integrity Public Safety and Security Speaking Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Law and Government Active Listening Speech Clarity Self Control English Language Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Clerical Critical Thinking Speech Recognition Dependability Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 363 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

33-3021 Detectives and Criminal Investigators

Occupation Description: Conduct investigations related to suspected violations of federal, state, or local laws to prevent or solve crimes. Excludes Private Detectives and Investigators (33-9021). Alternate Job Title(s): Deputy United States Marshal; Homicide Detective; Narcotics Investigator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 382 387 1.35 88 152 245 $78,920

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Government. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Check victims for signs of life, such as breathing and pulse. Secure deceased body and obtain evidence from it, preventing bystanders from tampering with it prior to medical examiner's arrival. Obtain facts or statements from complainants, witnesses, and accused persons and record interviews, using recording device. Record progress of investigation, maintain informational files on suspects, and submit reports to commanding officer or magistrate to authorize warrants. Prepare charges or responses to charges, or information for court cases, according to formalized procedures.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems Performing for or Working Directly with the Public

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Inductive Reasoning Integrity Law and Government Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Self Control Public Safety and Security Speaking Deductive Reasoning Stress Tolerance Customer and Personal Service Complex Problem Solving Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Attention to Detail Psychology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 364 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

33-3031 Fish and Game Wardens

Occupation Description: Patrol assigned area to prevent fish and game law violations. Investigate reports of damage to crops or property by wildlife. Compile biological data. Alternate Job Title(s): Conservation Enforcement Officer; Wildlife and Game Protector; Wildlife Officer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 68 69 1.51 21 29 51 $56,850

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Patrol assigned areas by car, boat, airplane, horse, or on foot to enforce game, fish, or boating laws or to manage wildlife programs, lakes, or land. Compile and present evidence for court actions. Investigate hunting accidents or reports of fish or game law violations. Protect and preserve native wildlife, plants, or ecosystems. Issue warnings or citations and file reports as necessary.

Top Generalized Work Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Communicating with Persons Outside Organization Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Inductive Reasoning Integrity Law and Government Critical Thinking Oral Expression Dependability Public Safety and Security Speaking Oral Comprehension Stress Tolerance English Language Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Independence Biology Judgment and Decision Making Speech Clarity Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 365 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

33-3051 Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers

Occupation Description: Maintain order and protect life and property by enforcing local, tribal, state, or federal laws and ordinances. Perform a combination of the following duties: patrol a specific area; direct traffic; issue traffic summonses; investigate accidents; apprehend and arrest suspects, or serve legal processes of courts. Includes police officers working at educational institutions. Alternate Job Title(s): Border Patrol Officer; Campus Police Officer; Motorcycle Police; Park Police; State Trooper

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,634 1,775 8.6141 409 725 1,275 $58,770

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Identify, pursue, and arrest suspects and perpetrators of criminal acts. Provide for public safety by maintaining order, responding to emergencies, protecting people and property, enforcing motor vehicle and criminal laws, and promoting good community relations. Record facts to prepare reports that document incidents and activities. Render aid to accident victims and other persons requiring first aid for physical injuries. Investigate illegal or suspicious activities.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Getting Information Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Deal With External Customers [Extremely important] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Frequency of Decision Making [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Problem Sensitivity Integrity Public Safety and Security Critical Thinking Oral Expression Self Control Law and Government Active Listening Inductive Reasoning Dependability English Language Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension Stress Tolerance Psychology Negotiation Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 366 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

33-9031 Gambling Surveillance Officers and Gambling Investigators

Occupation Description: Observe gambling operation for irregular activities such as cheating or theft by either employees or patrons. Investigate potential threats to gambling assets such as money, chips, and gambling equipment. Act as oversight and security agent for management and customers. Alternate Job Title(s): Casino Investigator; Casino Surveillance Officer; Gambling Monitor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 79 74 -6.3 -5 39 52 86 $38,000

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor establishment activities to ensure adherence to all state gaming regulations and company policies and procedures. Observe casino or casino hotel operations for irregular activities, such as cheating or theft by employees or patrons, using audio and video equipment and one-way mirrors. Report all violations and suspicious behaviors to supervisors, verbally or in writing. Develop and maintain log of surveillance observations. Inspect and monitor audio or video surveillance equipment to ensure it is working appropriately.

Top Generalized Work Activities Documenting/Recording Information Interacting With Computers Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Integrity English Language Critical Thinking Far Vision Cooperation Public Safety and Security Speaking Selective Attention Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Judgment and Decision Making Oral Comprehension Stress Tolerance Mathematics Reading Comprehension Inductive Reasoning Dependability Clerical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 367 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

33-9032 Security Guards

Occupation Description: Guard, patrol, or monitor premises to prevent theft, violence, or infractions of rules. May operate x-ray and metal detector equipment. Excludes Police Officers (33-3050) and Transportation Security Screeners (33-9093). Alternate Job Title(s): Bank Guard; Bodyguard; Bouncer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,554 1,636 5.382 806 1,094 1,982 $35,690

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Lock doors and gates of entrances and exits to secure buildings. Answer alarms and investigate disturbances. Monitor and authorize entrance and departure of employees, visitors, and other persons to guard against theft and maintain security of premises. Write reports of daily activities and irregularities, such as equipment or property damage, theft, presence of unauthorized persons, or unusual occurrences. Patrol industrial or commercial premises to prevent and detect signs of intrusion and ensure security of doors, windows, and gates.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Contact With Others [Contact with others most of the time] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Integrity Public Safety and Security Speaking Far Vision Dependability English Language Monitoring Selective Attention Self Control Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Cooperation Coordination Oral Expression Attention to Detail

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 368 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

33-9092 Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers

Occupation Description: Monitor recreational areas, such as pools, beaches, or ski slopes, to provide assistance and protection to participants. Alternate Job Title(s): Beach Lifeguard; Outdoor Emergency Care Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 414 447 8.033 615 430 1,078 $24,940

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 96.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Patrol or monitor recreational areas, such as trails, slopes, or swimming areas, on foot, in vehicles, or from towers. Rescue distressed persons, using rescue techniques and equipment. Contact emergency medical personnel in case of serious injury. Examine injured persons and administer first aid or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, if necessary, using training and medical supplies and equipment. Warn recreational participants of inclement weather, unsafe areas, or illegal conduct.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Performing General Physical Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Dependability Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Expression Cooperation Public Safety and Security Social Perceptiveness Far Vision Concern for Others English Language Service Orientation Selective Attention Stress Tolerance Education and Training Active Listening Oral Comprehension Self Control Medicine and Dentistry

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 369 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

43-5031 Public Safety Telecommunicators

Occupation Description: Operate telephone, radio, or other communication systems to receive and communicate requests for emergency assistance at 9-1-1 public safety answering points and emergency operations centers. Take information from the public and other sources regarding crimes, threats, disturbances, acts of terrorism, fires, medical emergencies, and other public safety matters. May coordinate and provide information to law enforcement and emergency response personnel. May access sensitive databases and other information sources as needed. May provide additional instructions to callers based on knowledge of and certification in law enforcement, fire, or emergency medical procedures. Alternate Job Title(s): 911 Operator; Emergency Operator; Public Safety Dispatcher; Public Safety Telecommunicator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 300 325 8.325 108 157 290 $48,240

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Question callers to determine their locations, and the nature of their problems to determine type of response needed. Determine response requirements and relative priorities of situations, and dispatch units in accordance with established procedures. Record details of calls, dispatches, and messages. Scan status charts and computer screens, and contact emergency response field units to determine emergency units available for dispatch. Receive incoming telephone or alarm system calls regarding emergency and non-emergency police and fire service, emergency ambulance service, information, and after-hours calls for departments within a city.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Communicating with Persons Outside Organization Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Deal With External Customers [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Customer and Personal Service Speaking Speech Recognition Dependability Public Safety and Security Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Telecommunications Critical Thinking Selective Attention Self Control Clerical Reading Comprehension Speech Clarity Integrity English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 370 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Law, Public Safety, Corrections and Security

43-6012 Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants

Occupation Description: Perform secretarial duties using legal terminology, procedures, and documents. Prepare legal papers and correspondence, such as summonses, complaints, motions, and subpoenas. May also assist with legal research. Alternate Job Title(s): Law Secretary; Legal Administrative Assistant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 292 239 -18.2 -53 136 134 217 $44,340

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare, proofread, or process legal documents, such as summonses, subpoenas, complaints, appeals, motions, or pretrial agreements. Mail, fax, or arrange for delivery of legal correspondence to clients, witnesses, and court officials. Receive and place telephone calls. Schedule and make appointments. Organize and maintain law libraries, documents, and case files.

Top Generalized Work Activities Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work Interacting With Computers Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Writing Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Clerical Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Integrity Law and Government Active Listening Near Vision Dependability English Language Speaking Written Expression Cooperation Time Management Speech Recognition Independence

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 371 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

13-1020 Buyers and Purchasing Agents

Occupation Description: Purchase goods or services for further processing, resale, or to enable operation of an establishment. May analyze past buying trends, sales records, price, and quality of goods or services. May select, order, and authorize payment according to contractual agreements. May conduct meetings with sales personnel and introduce new products. Alternate Job Title(s): Cotton Broker; Fruit Buyer; Livestock Buyer; Gold Buyer; Merchandise Buyer; Equipment, Supplies, and Tools Purchasing Agent; Radio Time Buyer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,015 978 -3.6 -37 325 603 891 $61,540

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor and follow applicable laws and regulations. Prepare purchase orders, solicit bid proposals, and review requisitions for goods and services. Negotiate, renegotiate, and administer contracts with suppliers, vendors, and other representatives. Purchase the highest quality merchandise at the lowest possible price and in correct amounts. Analyze price proposals, financial reports, and other data and information to determine reasonable prices.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Integrity English Language Negotiation Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Administration and Management Active Listening Oral Expression Dependability Customer and Personal Service Speaking Written Expression Stress Tolerance Mathematics Complex Problem Solving Inductive Reasoning Analytical Thinking Economics and Accounting

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 372 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

17-3013 Mechanical Drafters

Occupation Description: Prepare detailed working diagrams of machinery and mechanical devices, including dimensions, fastening methods, and other engineering information. Alternate Job Title(s): Aeronautical Drafter; Automotive Design Drafter; Tool and Die Designer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 76 77 1.31 24 42 67 $61,260

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Develop detailed design drawings and specifications for mechanical equipment, dies, tools, and controls, using computer-assisted drafting (CAD) equipment. Produce three-dimensional models, using computer-aided design (CAD) software. Lay out and draw schematic, orthographic, or angle views to depict functional relationships of components, assemblies, systems, and machines. Modify and revise designs to correct operating deficiencies or to reduce production problems. Review and analyze specifications, sketches, drawings, ideas, and related data to assess factors affecting component designs and the procedures and instructions to be followed.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Mathematics Near Vision Attention to Detail Design Critical Thinking Mathematical Reasoning Analytical Thinking Engineering and Technology Active Listening Visualization Dependability Mechanical Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Integrity Mathematics Active Learning Speech Clarity Initiative English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 373 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

17-3023 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians

Occupation Description: Apply electrical and electronic theory and related knowledge, usually under the direction of engineering staff, to design, build, repair, adjust, and modify electrical components, circuitry, controls, and machinery for subsequent evaluation and use by engineering staff in making engineering design decisions. Excludes Broadcast Technicians (27-4012). Alternate Job Title(s): Electrical Design Technician; Lighting Engineering Technician; Semiconductor Development Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 184 204 10.920 60 101 181 $65,150

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Modify, maintain, or repair electronics equipment or systems to ensure proper functioning. Replace defective components or parts, using hand tools and precision instruments. Set up and operate specialized or standard test equipment to diagnose, test, or analyze the performance of electronic components, assemblies, or systems. Read blueprints, wiring diagrams, schematic drawings, or engineering instructions for assembling electronics units, applying knowledge of electronic theory and components. Identify and resolve equipment malfunctions, working with manufacturers or field representatives as necessary to procure replacement parts.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Making Decisions and Solving Problems Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Reading Comprehension Near Vision Dependability Engineering and Technology Complex Problem Solving Deductive Reasoning Analytical Thinking English Language Active Listening Inductive Reasoning Integrity Design Troubleshooting Written Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 374 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

17-3026 Industrial Engineering Technologists and Technicians

Occupation Description: Apply engineering theory and principles to problems of industrial layout or manufacturing production, usually under the direction of engineering staff. May perform time and motion studies on worker operations in a variety of industries for purposes such as establishing standard production rates or improving efficiency. Alternate Job Title(s): Motion Study Technician; Production Control Technologist; Time Study Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 102 110 7.88 33 55 96 $55,870

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Test selected products at specified stages in the production process for performance characteristics or adherence to specifications. Compile and evaluate statistical data to determine and maintain quality and reliability of products. Study time, motion, methods, or speed involved in maintenance, production, or other operations to establish standard production rate or improve efficiency. Read worker logs, product processing sheets, or specification sheets to verify that records adhere to quality assurance specifications. Verify that equipment is being operated and maintained according to quality assurance standards by observing worker performance.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment Thinking Creatively

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Mechanical Active Listening Deductive Reasoning Dependability Engineering and Technology Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Analytical Thinking Production and Processing Complex Problem Solving Inductive Reasoning Stress Tolerance Mathematics Monitoring Written Comprehension Cooperation Design

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 375 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

17-3027 Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians

Occupation Description: Apply theory and principles of mechanical engineering to modify, develop, test, or adjust machinery and equipment under direction of engineering staff or physical scientists. Alternate Job Title(s): Gyroscopic Engineering Technician; Heat Transfer Technician; Optomechanical Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 55 63 14.58 18 31 57 $67,560

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 14% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 86%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Calculate required capacities for equipment of proposed system to obtain specified performance and submit data to engineering personnel for approval. Review project instructions and blueprints to ascertain test specifications, procedures, and objectives, and test nature of technical problems such as redesign. Draft detail drawing or sketch for drafting room completion or to request parts fabrication by machine, sheet or wood shops. Analyze test results in relation to design or rated specifications and test objectives, and modify or adjust equipment to meet specifications. Record test procedures and results, numerical and graphical data, and recommendations for changes in product or test methods.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Engineering and Technology Active Listening Written Comprehension Analytical Thinking Design Operation Monitoring Near Vision Dependability Mechanical Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Initiative Mathematics Complex Problem Solving Information Ordering Persistence Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 376 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

19-4031 Chemical Technicians

Occupation Description: Conduct chemical and physical laboratory tests to assist scientists in making qualitative and quantitative analyses of solids, liquids, and gaseous materials for research and development of new products or processes, quality control, maintenance of environmental standards, and other work involving experimental, theoretical, or practical application of chemistry and related sciences. Alternate Job Title(s): Assayer; Chemical Laboratory Technician; Inorganic Chemical Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 54 57 5.63 8 41 52 N/A

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Conduct chemical or physical laboratory tests to assist scientists in making qualitative or quantitative analyses of solids, liquids, or gaseous materials. Maintain, clean, or sterilize laboratory instruments or equipment. Set up and conduct chemical experiments, tests, and analyses, using techniques such as chromatography, spectroscopy, physical or chemical separation techniques, or microscopy. Monitor product quality to ensure compliance with standards and specifications. Prepare chemical solutions for products or processes, following standardized formulas, or create experimental formulas.

Top Generalized Work Activities Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards Getting Information Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Science Information Ordering Attention to Detail Chemistry Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Integrity Mathematics Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Dependability English Language Monitoring Near Vision Concern for Others Active Listening Deductive Reasoning Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 377 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

43-5061 Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks

Occupation Description: Coordinate and expedite the flow of work and materials within or between departments of an establishment according to production schedule. Duties include reviewing and distributing production, work, and shipment schedules; conferring with department supervisors to determine progress of work and completion dates; and compiling reports on progress of work, inventory levels, costs, and production problems. Excludes Project Management Specialists (13-1082) and Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping (43-5111). Alternate Job Title(s): Expeditor; Material Control Clerk; Production Scheduler

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 615 674 9.659 224 377 660 $54,660

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Distribute production schedules or work orders to departments. Review documents, such as production schedules, work orders, or staffing tables, to determine personnel or materials requirements or material priorities. Requisition and maintain inventories of materials or supplies necessary to meet production demands. Arrange for delivery, assembly, or distribution of supplies or parts to expedite flow of materials and meet production schedules. Confer with department supervisors or other personnel to assess progress and discuss needed changes.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Production and Processing Active Listening Oral Expression Dependability Administration and Management Speaking Oral Comprehension Integrity Mathematics Time Management Problem Sensitivity Cooperation English Language Critical Thinking Written Expression Stress Tolerance Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 378 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

43-5111 Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping

Occupation Description: Weigh, measure, and check materials, supplies, and equipment for the purpose of keeping relevant records. Duties are primarily clerical by nature. Includes workers who collect and keep record of samples of products or materials. Excludes Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers (51-9061). Alternate Job Title(s): Cheese Weigher; Scale Attendant; Weighing Station Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 180 197 9.417 82 100 199 $43,090

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Document quantity, quality, type, weight, test result data, and value of materials or products to maintain shipping, receiving, and production records and files. Weigh or measure materials, equipment, or products to maintain relevant records, using volume meters, scales, rules, or calipers. Collect or prepare measurement, weight, or identification labels and attach them to products. Examine products or materials, parts, subassemblies, and packaging for damage, defects, or shortages, using specification sheets, gauges, and standards charts. Signal or instruct other workers to weigh, move, or check products.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Documenting/Recording Information Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Contact With Others [Contact with others most of the time]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Near Vision Attention to Detail Production and Processing Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Dependability Mathematics Speaking Category Flexibility Integrity English Language Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Initiative Administration and Management Active Listening Information Ordering Cooperation Clerical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 379 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

49-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers

Occupation Description: Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of mechanics, installers, and repairers. May also advise customers on recommended services. Excludes team or work leaders. Alternate Job Title(s): Automobile Body Repair Supervisor; Fleet Maintenance Supervisor; Railroad Car Repair Supervisor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,924 2,010 4.586 586 999 1,671 $78,080

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Wholesale Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Determine schedules, sequences, and assignments for work activities, based on work priority, quantity of equipment, and skill of personnel. Inspect and monitor work areas, examine tools and equipment, and provide employee safety training to prevent, detect, and correct unsafe conditions or violations of procedures and safety rules. Investigate accidents or injuries and prepare reports of findings. Monitor employees' work levels and review work performance. Requisition materials and supplies, such as tools, equipment, or replacement parts.

Top Generalized Work Activities Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Management of Personnel ResourcesWritten Comprehension Leadership Mechanical Monitoring Oral Expression Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Stress Tolerance Administration and Management Coordination Speech Clarity Dependability Public Safety and Security Time Management Speech Recognition Self Control English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 380 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

49-2011 Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers

Occupation Description: Repair, maintain, or install computers, word processing systems, automated teller machines, and electronic office machines, such as duplicating and fax machines. Alternate Job Title(s): ATM Servicer; Cash Register Servicer; Data Processing Equipment Repairer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 262 247 -5.7 -15 72 171 228 $47,800

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Reassemble machines after making repairs or replacing parts. Converse with customers to determine details of equipment problems. Disassemble machines to examine parts, such as wires, gears, or bearings for wear or defects, using hand or power tools and measuring devices. Advise customers concerning equipment operation, maintenance, or programming. Repair, adjust, or replace electrical or mechanical components or parts, using hand tools, power tools, or soldering or welding equipment.

Top Generalized Work Activities Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment Making Decisions and Solving Problems Communicating with Persons Outside Organization

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Near Vision Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Repairing Oral Comprehension Analytical Thinking Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Oral Expression Independence Mechanical Complex Problem Solving Problem Sensitivity Dependability Engineering and Technology Troubleshooting Speech Clarity Persistence English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 381 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

49-2092 Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers

Occupation Description: Repair, maintain, or install electric motors, wiring, or switches. Alternate Job Title(s): Armature Rewinder; Electrical Parts Reconditioner

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 113 123 8.810 49 68 127 $48,240

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Wholesale Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Inspect and test equipment to locate damage or worn parts and diagnose malfunctions, or read work orders or schematic drawings to determine required repairs. Reassemble repaired electric motors to specified requirements and ratings, using hand tools and electrical meters. Measure velocity, horsepower, revolutions per minute (rpm), amperage, circuitry, and voltage of units or parts to diagnose problems, using ammeters, voltmeters, wattmeters, and other testing devices. Repair and rebuild defective mechanical parts in electric motors, generators, and related equipment, using hand tools and power tools. Lift units or parts such as motors or generators, using cranes or chain hoists, or signal crane operators to lift heavy parts or subassemblies.

Top Generalized Work Activities Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Getting Information Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Repairing Finger Dexterity Attention to Detail Mechanical Equipment Maintenance Problem Sensitivity Dependability Production and Processing Troubleshooting Near Vision Cooperation English Language Quality Control Analysis Manual Dexterity Stress Tolerance Administration and Management Critical Thinking Arm-Hand Steadiness Independence Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 382 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

49-2094 Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment

Occupation Description: Repair, test, adjust, or install electronic equipment, such as industrial controls, transmitters, and antennas. Excludes Avionics Technicians (49-2091), Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers, Transportation Equipment (49- 2093), and Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles (49-2096). Alternate Job Title(s): Industrial Robotics Mechanic; Missile Pad Mechanic; Public Address System Mechanic

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 355 364 2.59 72 174 255 $75,170

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 96.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Test faulty equipment to diagnose malfunctions, using test equipment or software, and applying knowledge of the functional operation of electronic units and systems. Study blueprints, schematics, manuals, or other specifications to determine installation procedures. Repair or adjust equipment, machines, or defective components, replacing worn parts, such as gaskets or seals in watertight electrical equipment. Maintain equipment logs that record performance problems, repairs, calibrations, or tests. Inspect components of industrial equipment for accurate assembly and installation or for defects, such as loose connections or frayed wires.

Top Generalized Work Activities Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment Getting Information Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Near Vision Attention to Detail Computers and Electronics Quality Control Analysis Problem Sensitivity Dependability Engineering and Technology Repairing Deductive Reasoning Independence Mechanical Troubleshooting Finger Dexterity Analytical Thinking English Language Equipment Maintenance Manual Dexterity Adaptability/Flexibility Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 383 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

49-2095 Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay

Occupation Description: Inspect, test, repair, or maintain electrical equipment in generating stations, substations, and in-service relays. Alternate Job Title(s): Power Transformer Repairer; Powerhouse Electrician; Relay Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 131 127 -3.1 -4 26 62 84 $89,900

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Utilities.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Inspect and test equipment and circuits to identify malfunctions or defects, using wiring diagrams and testing devices such as ohmmeters, voltmeters, or ammeters. Prepare and maintain records detailing tests, repairs, and maintenance. Consult manuals, schematics, wiring diagrams, and engineering personnel to troubleshoot and solve equipment problems and to determine optimum equipment functioning. Analyze test data to diagnose malfunctions, to determine performance characteristics of systems, or to evaluate effects of system modifications. Open and close switches to isolate defective relays, performing adjustments or repairs.

Top Generalized Work Activities Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Near Vision Attention to Detail Mechanical Repairing Oral Comprehension Analytical Thinking Mathematics Equipment Maintenance Problem Sensitivity Cooperation Engineering and Technology Troubleshooting Arm-Hand Steadiness Dependability Public Safety and Security Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Integrity English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 384 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

49-2097 Audiovisual Equipment Installers and Repairers

Occupation Description: Install, repair, or adjust audio or television receivers, stereo systems, camcorders, video systems, or other electronic entertainment equipment in homes or other venues. May perform routine maintenance. Excludes Audio and Video Technicians (27-4011). Alternate Job Title(s): Electronic Musical Instrument Repairer; Home Theater Installer; Satellite Dish Installer; Wireless Internet Installer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 106 102 -3.8 -4 24 72 92 $52,990

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Disassemble entertainment equipment and repair or replace loose, worn, or defective components and wiring, using hand tools and soldering irons. Install, service, and repair electronic equipment or instruments such as televisions, radios, and videocassette recorders. Calibrate and test equipment, and locate circuit and component faults, using hand and power tools and measuring and testing instruments such as resistance meters and oscilloscopes. Confer with customers to determine the nature of problems or to explain repairs. Tune or adjust equipment and instruments to obtain optimum visual or auditory reception, according to specifications, manuals, and drawings.

Top Generalized Work Activities Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Quality Control Analysis Finger Dexterity Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Repairing Visualization Dependability Computers and Electronics Troubleshooting Problem Sensitivity Persistence Engineering and Technology Complex Problem Solving Near Vision Self Control Telecommunications Reading Comprehension Deductive Reasoning Integrity Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 385 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

49-3053 Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics

Occupation Description: Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul small engines used to power lawn mowers, chain saws, recreational sporting equipment, and related equipment. Alternate Job Title(s): Golf Cart Mechanic; Lawn Mower Repairer; Mobility Scooter Repairer; Power Saw Mechanic

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 68 73 7.45 31 36 72 $44,680

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Record repairs made, time spent, and parts used. Test and inspect engines to determine malfunctions, to locate missing and broken parts, and to verify repairs, using diagnostic instruments. Dismantle engines, using hand tools, and examine parts for defects. Repair and maintain gasoline engines used to power equipment such as portable saws, lawn mowers, generators, and compressors. Adjust points, valves, carburetors, distributors, and spark plug gaps, using feeler gauges.

Top Generalized Work Activities Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Standing [More than half the time] Contact With Others [Contact with others most of the time]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Equipment Maintenance Finger Dexterity Dependability Mechanical Repairing Arm-Hand Steadiness Integrity Customer and Personal Service Troubleshooting Near Vision Attention to Detail English Language Operation Monitoring Manual Dexterity Independence Engineering and Technology Equipment Selection Control Precision Achievement/Effort Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 386 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

49-9031 Home Appliance Repairers

Occupation Description: Repair, adjust, or install all types of electric or gas household appliances, such as refrigerators, washers, dryers, and ovens. Alternate Job Title(s): Vacuum Cleaner Repairer; Washing Machine Installer; Window Air Conditioner Installer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 173 165 -4.6 -8 65 85 142 $40,230

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Bill customers for repair work, and collect payment. Observe and examine appliances during operation to detect specific malfunctions such as loose parts or leaking fluid. Talk to customers or refer to work orders to establish the nature of appliance malfunctions. Refer to schematic drawings, product manuals, and troubleshooting guides to diagnose and repair problems. Trace electrical circuits, following diagrams, and conduct tests with circuit testers and other equipment to locate shorts and grounds.

Top Generalized Work Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Getting Information Performing for or Working Directly with the Public

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Repairing Arm-Hand Steadiness Integrity Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Near Vision Attention to Detail Mechanical Equipment Maintenance Manual Dexterity Dependability English Language Troubleshooting Problem Sensitivity Cooperation Administration and Management Quality Control Analysis Finger Dexterity Independence Clerical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 387 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics

Occupation Description: Repair, install, adjust, or maintain industrial production and processing machinery or refinery and pipeline distribution systems. May also install, dismantle, or move machinery and heavy equipment according to plans. Excludes Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines (49-3042), and Maintenance Workers, Machinery (49-9043). Alternate Job Title(s): Boilerhouse Mechanic; Foundry Equipment Mechanic; Hydroelectric Machinery Mechanic

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 2,344 2,616 11.6272 765 1,211 2,248 $66,310

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 87.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Repair or replace broken or malfunctioning components of machinery or equipment. Repair or maintain the operating condition of industrial production or processing machinery or equipment. Disassemble machinery or equipment to remove parts and make repairs. Observe and test the operation of machinery or equipment to diagnose malfunctions, using voltmeters or other testing devices. Reassemble equipment after completion of inspections, testing, or repairs.

Top Generalized Work Activities Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment Controlling Machines and Processes Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Repairing Manual Dexterity Dependability Mechanical Equipment Maintenance Arm-Hand Steadiness Attention to Detail Engineering and Technology Operation Monitoring Control Precision Cooperation Production and Processing Troubleshooting Finger Dexterity Analytical Thinking Mathematics Operation and Control Multilimb Coordination Initiative English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 388 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

49-9043 Maintenance Workers, Machinery

Occupation Description: Lubricate machinery, change parts, or perform other routine machinery maintenance. Excludes Maintenance and Repair Workers, General (49-9071). Alternate Job Title(s): Crane Oiler

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 468 516 10.348 169 216 433 $52,810

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Start machines and observe mechanical operation to determine efficiency and to detect problems. Read work orders and specifications to determine machines and equipment requiring repair or maintenance. Inspect or test damaged machine parts, and mark defective areas or advise supervisors of repair needs. Reassemble machines after the completion of repair or maintenance work. Dismantle machines and remove parts for repair, using hand tools, chain falls, jacks, cranes, or hoists.

Top Generalized Work Activities Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Attention to Detail Mechanical Repairing Problem Sensitivity Dependability Mathematics Equipment Maintenance Near Vision Initiative Design Troubleshooting Manual Dexterity Cooperation English Language Operation and Control Visualization Independence Engineering and Technology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 389 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

49-9062 Medical Equipment Repairers

Occupation Description: Test, adjust, or repair biomedical or electromedical equipment. Alternate Job Title(s): Biomedical Equipment Technician; Radiology Equipment Servicer; Surgical Instrument Mechanic

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 126 135 7.19 55 66 130 $48,130

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Inspect and test malfunctioning medical or related equipment, following manufacturers' specifications and using test and analysis instruments. Test or calibrate components or equipment, following manufacturers' manuals and troubleshooting techniques, using hand tools, power tools, or measuring devices. Keep records of maintenance, repair, and required updates of equipment. Perform preventive maintenance or service, such as cleaning, lubricating, or adjusting equipment. Test, evaluate, and classify excess or in-use medical equipment and determine serviceability, condition, and disposition, in accordance with regulations.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Freedom to Make Decisions [Some freedom] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day] Telephone [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Equipment Maintenance Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Mechanical Troubleshooting Finger Dexterity Dependability Computers and Electronics Repairing Near Vision Analytical Thinking Customer and Personal Service Quality Control Analysis Deductive Reasoning Integrity Education and Training Operation Monitoring Information Ordering Adaptability/Flexibility Engineering and Technology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 390 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

49-9071 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General

Occupation Description: Perform work involving the skills of two or more maintenance or craft occupations to keep machines, mechanical equipment, or the structure of a building in repair. Duties may involve pipe fitting; HVAC maintenance; insulating; welding; machining; carpentry; repairing electrical or mechanical equipment; installing, aligning, and balancing new equipment; and repairing buildings, floors, or stairs. Excludes Facilities Managers (11-3013) and Maintenance Workers, Machinery (49-9043). Alternate Job Title(s): Building Maintenance Mechanic; Facilities Maintenance Worker; General Maintenance Worker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 3,890 4,224 8.6334 1,400 2,090 3,824 $41,420

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Real Estate and Rental and Leasing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Inspect, operate, or test machinery or equipment to diagnose machine malfunctions. Dismantle machines, equipment, or devices to access and remove defective parts, using hoists, cranes, hand tools, or power tools. Perform routine maintenance, such as inspecting drives, motors, or belts, checking fluid levels, replacing filters, or doing other preventive maintenance actions. Diagnose mechanical problems and determine how to correct them, checking blueprints, repair manuals, or parts catalogs, as necessary. Repair machines, equipment, or structures, using tools such as hammers, hoists, saws, drills, wrenches, or equipment such as precision measuring instruments or electrical or electronic testing devices.

Top Generalized Work Activities Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Handling and Moving Objects Performing General Physical Activities

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Repairing Near Vision Integrity Mechanical Equipment Maintenance Manual Dexterity Attention to Detail Building and Construction Troubleshooting Arm-Hand Steadiness Cooperation Customer and Personal Service Equipment Selection Problem Sensitivity Dependability Public Safety and Security Operation Monitoring Information Ordering Self Control English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 391 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

49-9081 Wind Turbine Service Technicians

Occupation Description: Inspect, diagnose, adjust, or repair wind turbines. Perform maintenance on wind turbine equipment including resolving electrical, mechanical, and hydraulic malfunctions. Alternate Job Title(s): Wind Energy Technician; Wind Turbine Mechanic

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 124 170 37.1 46 57 83 186 $75,280

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 24.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 75.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Utilities. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Utilities. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Diagnose problems involving wind turbine generators or control systems. Climb wind turbine towers to inspect, maintain, or repair equipment. Test electrical components of wind systems with devices, such as voltage testers, multimeters, oscilloscopes, infrared testers, or fiber optic equipment. Start or restart wind turbine generator systems to ensure proper operations. Troubleshoot or repair mechanical, hydraulic, or electrical malfunctions related to variable pitch systems, variable speed control systems, converter systems, or related components.

Top Generalized Work Activities Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Performing General Physical Activities Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Repairing Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Mechanical Troubleshooting Near Vision Dependability Computers and Electronics Equipment Maintenance Problem Sensitivity Analytical Thinking Engineering and Technology Operation Monitoring Deductive Reasoning Cooperation Physics Critical Thinking Arm-Hand Steadiness Integrity Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 392 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

49-9091 Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers

Occupation Description: Install, service, adjust, or repair coin, vending, or amusement machines including video games, juke boxes, pinball machines, or slot machines. Alternate Job Title(s): Arcade Games Mechanic; Parking Meter Collector; Slot Machine Mechanic; Vending Machine Filler

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 302 296 -2.0 -6 140 188 322 $34,020

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Fill machines with products, ingredients, money, and other supplies. Inspect machines and meters to determine causes of malfunctions and fix minor problems such as jammed bills or stuck products. Test machines to determine proper functioning. Replace malfunctioning parts, such as worn magnetic heads on automatic teller machine (ATM) card readers. Maintain records of machine maintenance and repair.

Top Generalized Work Activities Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment Performing General Physical Activities Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Electronic Mail [Once a week or more but not every day] Telephone [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Repairing Finger Dexterity Stress Tolerance Computers and Electronics Equipment Maintenance Manual Dexterity Self Control Mechanical Troubleshooting Control Precision Dependability Customer and Personal Service Operation Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Initiative English Language Quality Control Analysis Near Vision Attention to Detail

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 393 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers

Occupation Description: Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of production and operating workers, such as inspectors, precision workers, machine setters and operators, assemblers, fabricators, and plant and system operators. Excludes team or work leaders. Alternate Job Title(s): Assembly Line Supervisor; Machinist Supervisor; Printing Worker Supervisor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,653 1,752 6.099 506 994 1,599 $66,910

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Enforce safety and sanitation regulations. Keep records of employees' attendance and hours worked. Inspect materials, products, or equipment to detect defects or malfunctions. Read and analyze charts, work orders, production schedules, and other records and reports to determine production requirements and to evaluate current production estimates and outputs. Plan and establish work schedules, assignments, and production sequences to meet production goals.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Attention to Detail Production and Processing Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability Administration and Management Management of Personnel Resources Problem Sensitivity Leadership Personnel and Human Resources Time Management Speech Clarity Self Control English Language Monitoring Deductive Reasoning Cooperation Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 394 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-2028 Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical Assemblers, Except Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers

Occupation Description: Assemble or modify electrical, electronic, or electromechanical equipment or devices. Alternate Job Title(s): Anode Builder; Battery Builder; Circuit Board Assembler; Electric Motor Controls Assembler; Programmable Logic Controller Assembler; Synchronous Motor Assembler; Vacuum Cleaner Assembler; Vending Machine Assembler

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 637 664 4.227 269 362 658 $35,510

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Read and interpret schematic drawings, diagrams, blueprints, specifications, work orders, or reports to determine materials requirements or assembly instructions. Assemble electrical or electronic systems or support structures and install components, units, subassemblies, wiring, or assembly casings, using rivets, bolts, soldering or micro-welding equipment. Adjust, repair, or replace electrical or electronic component parts to correct defects and to ensure conformance to specifications. Position, align, or adjust workpieces or electrical parts to facilitate wiring or assembly. Explain assembly procedures or techniques to other workers.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Time Pressure [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Near Vision Attention to Detail [information not available] Monitoring Finger Dexterity Dependability Operation Monitoring Oral Comprehension Achievement/Effort Judgment and Decision Making Manual Dexterity Cooperation Critical Thinking Arm-Hand Steadiness Integrity

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 395 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-3021 Butchers and Meat Cutters

Occupation Description: Cut, trim, or prepare consumer-sized portions of meat for use or sale in retail establishments. Alternate Job Title(s): Butcher Apprentice; Kosher Butcher; Meat Carver; Meat Counter Worker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 499 518 3.819 199 339 557 $35,560

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 96.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare and place meat cuts and products in display counter to appear attractive and catch the shopper's eye. Wrap, weigh, label, and price cuts of meat. Cut, trim, bone, tie, and grind meats, such as beef, pork, poultry, and fish, to prepare in cooking form. Prepare special cuts of meat ordered by customers. Receive, inspect, and store meat upon delivery to ensure meat quality.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Getting Information Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Manual Dexterity Dependability Customer and Personal Service Social Perceptiveness Near Vision Cooperation Food Production Speaking Arm-Hand Steadiness Integrity Production and Processing Time Management Control Precision Attention to Detail Sales and Marketing Service Orientation Oral Expression Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 396 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-3022 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers

Occupation Description: Use hands or hand tools to perform routine cutting and trimming of meat, poultry, and seafood. Alternate Job Title(s): Fish Filleter; Oyster Shucker; Poultry Eviscerator; Shrimp Picker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 115 116 0.91 45 77 123 $32,600

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 99.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Use knives, cleavers, meat saws, bandsaws, or other equipment to perform meat cutting and trimming. Weigh meats and tag containers for weight and contents. Inspect meat products for defects, bruises or blemishes and remove them along with any excess fat. Cut and trim meat to prepare for packing. Separate meats and byproducts into specified containers and seal containers.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Handling and Moving Objects

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions [Continually or almost continually] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Arm-Hand Steadiness Dependability Production and Processing Speaking Near Vision Attention to Detail Food Production Critical Thinking Control Precision Achievement/Effort Public Safety and Security Monitoring Trunk Strength Integrity Mathematics Judgment and Decision Making Manual Dexterity Independence Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 397 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-3091 Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders

Occupation Description: Operate or tend food or tobacco roasting, baking, or drying equipment, including hearth ovens, kiln driers, roasters, char kilns, and vacuum drying equipment. Alternate Job Title(s): Coffee Roaster; Fish Smoker; Meat Curer; Smokehouse Worker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 108 108 0.00 57 63 120 $35,160

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Observe, feel, taste, or otherwise examine products during and after processing to ensure conformance to standards. Set temperature and time controls, light ovens, burners, driers, or roasters, and start equipment, such as conveyors, cylinders, blowers, driers, or pumps. Observe temperature, humidity, pressure gauges, and product samples and adjust controls, such as thermostats and valves, to maintain prescribed operating conditions for specific stages. Observe flow of materials and listen for machine malfunctions, such as jamming or spillage, and notify supervisors if corrective actions fail. Record production data, such as weight and amount of product processed, type of product, and time and temperature of processing.

Top Generalized Work Activities Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Near Vision Dependability Production and Processing Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Independence English Language Quality Control Analysis Category Flexibility Attention to Detail Public Safety and Security Operation and Control Arm-Hand Steadiness Cooperation Food Production Critical Thinking Selective Attention Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 398 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-3092 Food Batchmakers

Occupation Description: Set up and operate equipment that mixes or blends ingredients used in the manufacturing of food products. Includes candy makers and cheese makers. Alternate Job Title(s): Frozen Yogurt Maker; Honey Blender; Peanut Butter Maker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 511 515 0.84 276 348 628 $30,090

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 99.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Accommodation and Food Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Record production and test data for each food product batch, such as the ingredients used, temperature, test results, and time cycle. Follow recipes to produce food products of specified flavor, texture, clarity, bouquet, or color. Set up, operate, and tend equipment that cooks, mixes, blends, or processes ingredients in the manufacturing of food products, according to formulas or recipes. Mix or blend ingredients, according to recipes, using a paddle or an agitator, or by controlling vats that heat and mix ingredients. Clean and sterilize vats and factory processing areas.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Getting Information Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Once a week or more but not every day] Spend Time Standing [More than half the time] Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment [Very important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Information Ordering Dependability Production and Processing Monitoring Near Vision Attention to Detail Food Production Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Cooperation Mechanical Operation Monitoring Oral Comprehension Integrity Public Safety and Security Reading Comprehension Control Precision Self Control Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 399 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-4031 Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

Occupation Description: Set up, operate, or tend machines to saw, cut, shear, slit, punch, crimp, notch, bend, or straighten metal or plastic material. Alternate Job Title(s): Crimping Machine Operator for Metal; Metal Punch Press Operator; Metal Slitter

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 215 215 0.00 72 130 202 $37,300

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Examine completed workpieces for defects, such as chipped edges or marred surfaces and sort defective pieces according to types of flaws. Measure completed workpieces to verify conformance to specifications, using micrometers, gauges, calipers, templates, or rulers. Set stops on machine beds, change dies, and adjust components, such as rams or power presses, when making multiple or successive passes. Start machines, monitor their operations, and record operational data. Set up, operate, or tend machines to saw, cut, shear, slit, punch, crimp, notch, bend, or straighten metal or plastic material.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Controlling Machines and Processes Handling and Moving Objects

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [More than half the time]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Attention to Detail Mechanical Operation and Control Control Precision Dependability Production and Processing Quality Control Analysis Near Vision Independence Mathematics Monitoring Reaction Time Initiative Speaking Manual Dexterity Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 400 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-4033 Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

Occupation Description: Set up, operate, or tend grinding and related tools that remove excess material or burrs from surfaces, sharpen edges or corners, or buff, hone, or polish metal or plastic work pieces. Alternate Job Title(s): Aluminum Polisher; Jewel Bearing Facer; Metal Grinder; Tool Polishing Machine Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 259 279 7.720 116 154 290 N/A

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Inspect or measure finished workpieces to determine conformance to specifications, using measuring instruments, such as gauges or micrometers. Measure workpieces and lay out work, using precision measuring devices. Observe machine operations to detect any problems, making necessary adjustments to correct problems. Move machine controls to index workpieces, and to adjust machines for pre-selected operational settings. Study blueprints, work orders, or machining instructions to determine product specifications, tool requirements, and operational sequences.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Handling and Moving Objects Documenting/Recording Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Control Precision Attention to Detail Production and Processing Operation and Control Manual Dexterity Dependability Quality Control Analysis Near Vision Self Control Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Cooperation Monitoring Reaction Time Integrity

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 401 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-4041 Machinists

Occupation Description: Set up and operate a variety of machine tools to produce precision parts and instruments out of metal. Includes precision instrument makers who fabricate, modify, or repair mechanical instruments. May also fabricate and modify parts to make or repair machine tools or maintain industrial machines, applying knowledge of mechanics, mathematics, metal properties, layout, and machining procedures. Machinists who primarily program or operate computer numerically controlled (CNC) equipment are classified in Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators and Programmers (51-9160). Alternate Job Title(s): Automotive Machinist; Gear Machinist; Production Machinist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 434 479 10.445 151 269 465 $52,840

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 9.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Calculate dimensions or tolerances, using instruments, such as micrometers or vernier calipers. Machine parts to specifications, using machine tools, such as lathes, milling machines, shapers, or grinders. Measure, examine, or test completed units to check for defects and ensure conformance to specifications, using precision instruments, such as micrometers. Set up, adjust, or operate basic or specialized machine tools used to perform precision machining operations. Program computers or electronic instruments, such as numerically controlled machine tools.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Getting Information Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Finger Dexterity Attention to Detail Mathematics Operation Monitoring Manual Dexterity Dependability Mechanical Critical Thinking Arm-Hand Steadiness Independence Production and Processing Monitoring Control Precision Analytical Thinking Design Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Innovation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 402 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-4072 Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

Occupation Description: Set up, operate, or tend metal or plastic molding, casting, or coremaking machines to mold or cast metal or thermoplastic parts or products. Alternate Job Title(s): Aluminum Molding Machine Operator; Blow Mold Operator; Plastic Cup Fabricating Machine Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 87 95 9.28 23 56 87 $33,030

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 9.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Measure and visually inspect products for surface and dimension defects to ensure conformance to specifications, using precision measuring instruments. Observe continuous operation of automatic machines to ensure that products meet specifications and to detect jams or malfunctions, making adjustments as necessary. Set up, operate, or tend metal or plastic molding, casting, or coremaking machines to mold or cast metal or thermoplastic parts or products. Turn valves and dials of machines to regulate pressure, temperature, and speed and feed rates, and to set cycle times. Read specifications, blueprints, and work orders to determine setups, temperatures, and time settings required to mold, form, or cast plastic materials, as well as to plan production sequences.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Handling and Moving Objects Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Dependability Production and Processing Active Listening Manual Dexterity Attention to Detail Mechanical Operation and Control Multilimb Coordination Cooperation Mathematics Reading Comprehension Control Precision Integrity Monitoring Deductive Reasoning Independence

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 403 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-4081 Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

Occupation Description: Set up, operate, or tend more than one type of cutting or forming machine tool or robot. Alternate Job Title(s): Combination Machine Tool Operator; Multi-operation Forming Machine Setter

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 397 454 14.457 134 250 441 $35,420

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 12.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 87.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Observe machine operation to detect workpiece defects or machine malfunctions, adjusting machines as necessary. Set up and operate machines, such as lathes, cutters, shears, borers, millers, grinders, presses, drills, or auxiliary machines, to make metallic and plastic workpieces. Inspect workpieces for defects, and measure workpieces to determine accuracy of machine operation, using rules, templates, or other measuring instruments. Read blueprints or job orders to determine product specifications and tooling instructions and to plan operational sequences. Start machines and turn handwheels or valves to engage feeding, cooling, and lubricating mechanisms.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Getting Information Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Exposed to Hazardous Equipment [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Control Precision Attention to Detail Mechanical Quality Control Analysis Arm-Hand Steadiness Dependability Mathematics Operation and Control Problem Sensitivity Analytical Thinking Production and Processing Troubleshooting Manual Dexterity Innovation Design Critical Thinking Near Vision Initiative Engineering and Technology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 404 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-4121 Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers

Occupation Description: Use hand-welding, flame-cutting, hand-soldering, or brazing equipment to weld or join metal components or to fill holes, indentations, or seams of fabricated metal products. Alternate Job Title(s): Arc Welder; Cutting Torch Operator; Pipe Welder; Silver Solderer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 2,388 2,625 9.9237 628 1,738 2,603 $54,480

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 9.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Weld components in flat, vertical, or overhead positions. Operate safety equipment and use safe work habits. Examine workpieces for defects and measure workpieces with straightedges or templates to ensure conformance with specifications. Recognize, set up, and operate hand and power tools common to the welding trade, such as shielded metal arc and gas metal arc welding equipment. Weld separately or in combination, using aluminum, stainless steel, cast iron, and other alloys.

Top Generalized Work Activities Handling and Moving Objects Controlling Machines and Processes Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [More than half the time] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Very important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Near Vision Attention to Detail Production and Processing Operation and Control Arm-Hand Steadiness Dependability Monitoring Control Precision Integrity Reading Comprehension Manual Dexterity Cooperation Finger Dexterity Independence

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 405 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-6031 Sewing Machine Operators

Occupation Description: Operate or tend sewing machines to join, reinforce, decorate, or perform related sewing operations in the manufacture of garment or nongarment products. Alternate Job Title(s): Blind Stitch Machine Operator; Button Sewing Machine Operator; Custom T-Shirt Embroidery Machine Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 250 252 0.82 146 107 255 $29,910

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 99.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor machine operation to detect problems such as defective stitching, breaks in thread, or machine malfunctions. Place spools of thread, cord, or other materials on spindles, insert bobbins, and thread ends through machine guides and components. Position items under needles, using marks on machines, clamps, templates, or cloth as guides. Guide garments or garment parts under machine needles and presser feet to sew parts together. Remove holding devices and finished items from machines.

Top Generalized Work Activities Handling and Moving Objects Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Controlling Machines and Processes

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions [More than half the time] Spend Time Sitting [More than half the time]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Attention to Detail [information not available] Manual Dexterity Dependability Control Precision Integrity Near Vision Self Control Finger Dexterity Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 406 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-7011 Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters

Occupation Description: Cut, shape, and assemble wooden articles or set up and operate a variety of woodworking machines, such as power saws, jointers, and mortisers to surface, cut, or shape lumber or to fabricate parts for wood products. Excludes Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders (51-7040). Alternate Job Title(s): Cabinet Builder; Marquetry Worker; Wood Furniture Assembler

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 242 231 -4.5 -11 90 115 194 $39,220

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Verify dimensions or check the quality or fit of pieces to ensure adherence to specifications. Produce or assemble components of articles, such as store fixtures, office equipment, cabinets, or high-grade furniture. Measure and mark dimensions of parts on paper or lumber stock prior to cutting, following blueprints, to ensure a tight fit and quality product. Set up or operate machines, including power saws, jointers, mortisers, tenoners, molders, or shapers, to cut, mold, or shape woodstock or wood substitutes. Establish the specifications of articles to be constructed or repaired or plan the methods or operations for shaping or assembling parts, based on blueprints, drawings, diagrams, or oral or written instructions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Handling and Moving Objects Controlling Machines and Processes

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Dependability Mathematics Quality Control Analysis Manual Dexterity Attention to Detail Building and Construction Operation and Control Near Vision Cooperation Production and Processing Monitoring Finger Dexterity Stress Tolerance Mechanical Equipment Selection Control Precision Self Control Design

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 407 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-8013 Power Plant Operators

Occupation Description: Control, operate, or maintain machinery to generate electric power. Includes auxiliary equipment operators. Excludes Nuclear Power Reactor Operators (51-8011). Alternate Job Title(s): Hydroelectric Plant Operator; Powerhouse Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 340 288 -15.3 -52 73 184 205 $86,870

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Utilities.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Adjust controls to generate specified electrical power or to regulate the flow of power between generating stations and substations. Monitor power plant equipment and indicators to detect evidence of operating problems. Control generator output to match the phase, frequency, or voltage of electricity supplied to panels. Control or maintain auxiliary equipment, such as pumps, fans, compressors, condensers, feedwater heaters, filters, or chlorinators, to supply water, fuel, lubricants, air, or auxiliary power. Control power generating equipment, including boilers, turbines, generators, or reactors, using control boards or semi-automatic equipment.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable [Every day] Exposed to Hazardous Conditions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Oral Comprehension Dependability Mechanical Critical Thinking Oral Expression Attention to Detail Operation and Control Problem Sensitivity Stress Tolerance Speaking Deductive Reasoning Self Control Active Listening Near Vision Adaptability/Flexibility

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 408 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-8093 Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers

Occupation Description: Operate or control petroleum refining or processing units. May specialize in controlling manifold and pumping systems, gauging or testing oil in storage tanks, or regulating the flow of oil into pipelines. Alternate Job Title(s): Hydrotreater Operator; Oil Pipeline Operator; Oil Refiner

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 497 560 12.763 120 375 558 $65,540

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Transportation and Warehousing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor process indicators, instruments, gauges, and meters to detect and report any possible problems. Start pumps and open valves or use automated equipment to regulate the flow of oil in pipelines and into and out of tanks. Control or operate manifold and pumping systems to circulate liquids through a petroleum refinery. Operate control panels to coordinate and regulate process variables such as temperature and pressure, and to direct product flow rate, according to process schedules. Signal other workers by telephone or radio to operate pumps, open and close valves, and check temperatures.

Top Generalized Work Activities Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Controlling Machines and Processes

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Exposed to Hazardous Conditions [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Perceptual Speed Dependability Mechanical Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Mathematics Reading Comprehension Information Ordering Integrity Public Safety and Security Operation and Control Near Vision Stress Tolerance Education and Training Critical Thinking Auditory Attention Achievement/Effort

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 409 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-9012 Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

Occupation Description: Set up, operate, or tend continuous flow or vat-type equipment; filter presses; shaker screens; centrifuges; condenser tubes; precipitating, fermenting, or evaporating tanks; scrubbing towers; or batch stills. These machines extract, sort, or separate liquids, gases, or solids from other materials to recover a refined product. Includes dairy processing equipment operators. Excludes Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders (51-9011). Alternate Job Title(s): Brewmaster; Fermentation Operator; Pasteurizer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 235 240 2.15 55 173 233 N/A

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Dump, pour, or load specified amounts of refined or unrefined materials into equipment or containers for further processing or storage. Operate machines to process materials in compliance with applicable safety, energy, or environmental regulations. Monitor material flow or instruments, such as temperature or pressure gauges, indicators, or meters, to ensure optimal processing conditions. Turn valves or move controls to admit, drain, separate, filter, clarify, mix, or transfer materials. Set up or adjust machine controls to regulate conditions such as material flow, temperature, or pressure.

Top Generalized Work Activities Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Exposed to Contaminants [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Near Vision Dependability Production and Processing Quality Control Analysis Perceptual Speed Self Control Mechanical Operation and Control Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail English Language Monitoring Information Ordering Independence Critical Thinking Arm-Hand Steadiness Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 410 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-9021 Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

Occupation Description: Set up, operate, or tend machines to crush, grind, or polish materials, such as coal, glass, grain, stone, food, or rubber. Alternate Job Title(s): Beveling and Edging Machine Operator; Industrial Coffee Grinder; Marble and Granite Polisher; Pulverizer Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 335 330 -1.5 -5 104 236 335 $46,390

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Observe operation of equipment to ensure continuity of flow, safety, and efficient operation, and to detect malfunctions. Examine materials, ingredients, or products, visually or with hands, to ensure conformance to established standards. Move controls to start, stop, or adjust machinery and equipment that crushes, grinds, polishes, or blends materials. Clean, adjust, and maintain equipment, using hand tools. Weigh or measure materials, ingredients, or products at specified intervals to ensure conformance to requirements.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Handling and Moving Objects

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Exposed to Contaminants [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Multilimb Coordination Dependability Production and Processing Operation and Control Rate Control Attention to Detail Mechanical Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Cooperation English Language Time Management Near Vision Initiative Public Safety and Security Judgment and Decision Making Reaction Time Concern for Others

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 411 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-9023 Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

Occupation Description: Set up, operate, or tend machines to mix or blend materials, such as chemicals, tobacco, liquids, color pigments, or explosive ingredients. Excludes Food Batchmakers (51-3092). Alternate Job Title(s): Asphalt Blender; Clay Mixer; Ink Blender

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 103 107 3.94 33 75 112 $40,290

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 96.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Weigh or measure materials, ingredients, or products to ensure conformance to requirements. Read work orders to determine production specifications or information. Compound or process ingredients or dyes, according to formulas. Observe production or monitor equipment to ensure safe and efficient operation. Mix or blend ingredients by starting machines and mixing for specified times.

Top Generalized Work Activities Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Controlling Machines and Processes

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Time Pressure [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Dependability Production and Processing Operation and Control Near Vision Attention to Detail Mathematics Monitoring Information Ordering Stress Tolerance Chemistry Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Cooperation Mechanical Equipment Maintenance Manual Dexterity Integrity Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 412 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-9032 Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

Occupation Description: Set up, operate, or tend machines that cut or slice materials, such as glass, stone, cork, rubber, tobacco, food, paper, or insulating material. Excludes Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic (51-4031), Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders (51-6062), and Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders (51-7040). Alternate Job Title(s): Glass Cutting Machine Operator; Insulation Cutter; Rubber Trimmer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 70 75 7.15 25 50 80 $39,010

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Set up, operate, or tend machines that cut or slice materials, such as glass, stone, cork, rubber, tobacco, food, paper, or insulating material. Review work orders, blueprints, specifications, or job samples to determine components, settings, and adjustments for cutting and slicing machines. Examine, measure, and weigh materials or products to verify conformance to specifications, using measuring devices, such as rulers, micrometers, or scales. Press buttons, pull levers, or depress pedals to start and operate cutting and slicing machines. Start machines to verify setups, and make any necessary adjustments.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Handling and Moving Objects Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Control Precision Dependability Production and Processing Operation and Control Finger Dexterity Attention to Detail Mathematics Quality Control Analysis Near Vision Self Control Mechanical Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Adaptability/Flexibility Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 413 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-9061 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers

Occupation Description: Inspect, test, sort, sample, or weigh nonagricultural raw materials or processed, machined, fabricated, or assembled parts or products for defects, wear, and deviations from specifications. May use precision measuring instruments and complex test equipment. Alternate Job Title(s): Machined Parts Quality Inspector; Petroleum Sampler

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,437 1,298 -9.7 -139 504 974 1,339 $52,370

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Discard or reject products, materials, or equipment not meeting specifications. Mark items with details, such as grade or acceptance-rejection status. Measure dimensions of products to verify conformance to specifications, using measuring instruments, such as rulers, calipers, gauges, or micrometers. Notify supervisors or other personnel of production problems. Inspect, test, or measure materials, products, installations, or work for conformance to specifications.

Top Generalized Work Activities Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Quality Control Analysis Oral Expression Attention to Detail Production and Processing Writing Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Critical Thinking Near Vision Self Control Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Perceptual Speed Cooperation Mechanical Active Listening Flexibility of Closure Independence Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 414 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-9071 Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers

Occupation Description: Design, fabricate, adjust, repair, or appraise jewelry, gold, silver, other precious metals, or gems. Includes diamond polishers and gem cutters, and persons who perform precision casting and modeling of molds, casting metal in molds, or setting precious and semiprecious stones for jewelry and related products. Alternate Job Title(s): Diamond Setter; Gemologist; Goldsmith

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 88 71 -19.3 -17 53 42 78 $69,710

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 40% and 49%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Position stones and metal pieces, and set, mount, and secure items in place, using setting and hand tools. Smooth soldered joints and rough spots, using hand files and emery paper, and polish smoothed areas with polishing wheels or buffing wire. Create jewelry from materials such as gold, silver, platinum, and precious or semiprecious stones. Make repairs, such as enlarging or reducing ring sizes, soldering pieces of jewelry together, and replacing broken clasps and mountings. Clean and polish metal items and jewelry pieces, using jewelers' tools, polishing wheels, and chemical baths.

Top Generalized Work Activities Thinking Creatively Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Arm-Hand Steadiness Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Judgment and Decision Making Finger Dexterity Integrity Production and Processing Near Vision Dependability Design Manual Dexterity Analytical Thinking Mechanical Control Precision Innovation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 415 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-9081 Dental Laboratory Technicians

Occupation Description: Construct and repair full or partial dentures or dental appliances. Excludes Dental Assistants (31-9091). Alternate Job Title(s): Crown and Bridge Technician; Dental Ceramist; Orthodontic Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 67 69 3.02 29 47 78 $43,440

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Read prescriptions or specifications and examine models or impressions to determine the design of dental products to be constructed. Test appliances for conformance to specifications and accuracy of occlusion, using articulators and micrometers. Melt metals or mix plaster, porcelain, or acrylic pastes and pour materials into molds or over frameworks to form dental prostheses or apparatus. Create a model of patient's mouth by pouring plaster into a dental impression and allowing plaster to set. Place tooth models on apparatus that mimics bite and movement of patient's jaw to evaluate functionality of model.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Exposed to Contaminants [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Time Pressure [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Finger Dexterity Attention to Detail Production and Processing Critical Thinking Near Vision Dependability Design Quality Control Analysis Control Precision Integrity Medicine and Dentistry Time Management Arm-Hand Steadiness Persistence Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Visualization Cooperation English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 416 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-9083 Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians

Occupation Description: Cut, grind, and polish eyeglasses, contact lenses, or other precision optical elements. Assemble and mount lenses into frames or process other optical elements. Includes precision lens polishers or grinders, centerer-edgers, and lens mounters. Excludes Opticians, Dispensing (29-2081). Alternate Job Title(s): Eyeglass Maker; Lens Grinder; Precision Lens Centerer and Edger

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 59 67 13.68 27 44 79 $33,310

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Mount and secure lens blanks or optical lenses in holding tools or chucks of cutting, polishing, grinding, or coating machines. Inspect lens blanks to detect flaws, verify smoothness of surface, and ensure thickness of coating on lenses. Set up machines to polish, bevel, edge, or grind lenses, flats, blanks, or other precision optical elements. Inspect, weigh, and measure mounted or unmounted lenses after completion to verify alignment and conformance to specifications, using precision instruments. Shape lenses appropriately so that they can be inserted into frames.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Handling and Moving Objects Controlling Machines and Processes

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Time Pressure [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Near Vision Attention to Detail Production and Processing Time Management Finger Dexterity Dependability Mechanical Quality Control Analysis Arm-Hand Steadiness Cooperation Mathematics Operation Monitoring Control Precision Self Control Customer and Personal Service Judgment and Decision Making Manual Dexterity Concern for Others Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 417 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-9111 Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders

Occupation Description: Operate or tend machines to prepare industrial or consumer products for storage or shipment. Includes cannery workers who pack food products. Alternate Job Title(s): Bottle Capper; Keg Filler; Potato Chip Packaging Machine Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,002 1,037 3.535 424 610 1,069 $32,480

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 96.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Attach identification labels to finished packaged items, or cut stencils and stencil information on containers, such as lot numbers or shipping destinations. Sort, grade, weigh, and inspect products, verifying and adjusting product weight or measurement to meet specifications. Stop or reset machines when malfunctions occur, clear machine jams, and report malfunctions to a supervisor. Observe machine operations to ensure quality and conformity of filled or packaged products to standards. Remove finished packaged items from machine and separate rejected items.

Top Generalized Work Activities Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Handling and Moving Objects

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment [Extremely important] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Attention to Detail Production and Processing Monitoring Near Vision Dependability Mechanical Active Listening Control Precision Self Control Public Safety and Security Coordination Manual Dexterity Independence Education and Training Operation and Control Perceptual Speed Cooperation English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 418 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-9124 Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

Occupation Description: Set up, operate, or tend spraying or rolling machines to coat or paint any of a wide variety of products, including glassware, cloth, ceramics, metal, plastic, paper, or wood, with lacquer, silver, copper, rubber, varnish, glaze, enamel, oil, or rust-proofing materials. Includes painters of transportation vehicles such as painters in auto body repair facilities. Excludes Plating Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic (51-4193). Alternate Job Title(s): Auto Painter; Electrostatic Paint Operator; Lacquer Spray Booth Operator; Railroad Car Painter

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 574 629 9.655 168 395 618 $44,890

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Hold or position spray guns to direct spray onto articles. Fill hoppers, reservoirs, troughs, or pans with material used to coat, paint, or spray, using conveyors or pails. Start and stop operation of machines, using levers or buttons. Determine paint flow, viscosity, and coating quality by performing visual inspections, or by using viscometers. Attach hoses or nozzles to machines, using wrenches and pliers, and make adjustments to obtain the proper dispersion of spray.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions [Continually or almost continually] Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Near Vision Dependability [information not available] Quality Control Analysis Visual Color Discrimination Attention to Detail Critical Thinking Control Precision Persistence Complex Problem Solving Manual Dexterity Self Control Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Adaptability/Flexibility

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 419 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-9161 Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators

Occupation Description: Operate computer-controlled tools, machines, or robots to machine or process parts, tools, or other work pieces made of metal, plastic, wood, stone, or other materials. May also set up and maintain equipment. Alternate Job Title(s): Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) Machinist; Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) Milling Machine Operator; Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) Shot Peening Operator; Jig Boring Machine Operator; Welding Robot Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 228 237 3.99 54 149 212 $49,950

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Measure dimensions of finished workpieces to ensure conformance to specifications, using precision measuring instruments, templates, and fixtures. Mount, install, align, and secure tools, attachments, fixtures, and workpieces on machines, using hand tools and precision measuring instruments. Stop machines to remove finished workpieces or to change tooling, setup, or workpiece placement, according to required machining sequences. Transfer commands from servers to computer numerical control (CNC) modules, using computer network links. Check to ensure that workpieces are properly lubricated and cooled during machine operation.

Top Generalized Work Activities Controlling Machines and Processes Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Near Vision Attention to Detail Mechanical Monitoring Hearing Sensitivity Analytical Thinking Mathematics Critical Thinking Arm-Hand Steadiness Cooperation Design Quality Control Analysis Problem Sensitivity Achievement/Effort Production and Processing Operation and Control Reaction Time Persistence Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 420 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-9194 Etchers and Engravers

Occupation Description: Engrave or etch metal, wood, rubber, or other materials. Includes such workers as etcher-circuit processors, pantograph engravers, and silk screen etchers. Photoengravers are included in Prepress Technicians and Workers (51-5111). Alternate Job Title(s): Glass Etcher; Metal Engraver

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 89 90 1.11 53 46 100 $40,990

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 99%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Inspect etched work for depth of etching, uniformity, and defects, using calibrated microscopes, gauges, fingers, or magnifying lenses. Examine sketches, diagrams, samples, blueprints, or photographs to decide how designs are to be etched, cut, or engraved onto workpieces. Clean and polish engraved areas.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Controlling Machines and Processes Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Very important] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Near Vision Attention to Detail Production and Processing Operation Monitoring Arm-Hand Steadiness Independence Customer and Personal Service Monitoring Control Precision Dependability Mechanical Quality Control Analysis Oral Comprehension Achievement/Effort Design Operation and Control Finger Dexterity Persistence

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 421 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-9195 Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic

Occupation Description: Mold, shape, form, cast, or carve products such as food products, figurines, tile, pipes, and candles consisting of clay, glass, plaster, concrete, stone, or combinations of materials. Alternate Job Title(s): Cigar Roller; Glass Blower; Neon Tube Bender

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 60 66 10.06 24 38 68 $37,260

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 20% and 29%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Read work orders or examine parts to determine parts or sections of products to be produced. Trim or remove excess material, using scrapers, knives, or band saws.

Top Generalized Work Activities Handling and Moving Objects Performing General Physical Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Trunk Strength Attention to Detail Production and Processing Reading Comprehension Arm-Hand Steadiness Dependability Mechanical Critical Thinking Manual Dexterity Cooperation Operation and Control Static Strength Self Control Monitoring Near Vision Independence

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 422 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Manufacturing

51-9198 Helpers--Production Workers

Occupation Description: Help production workers by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include supplying or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment. Apprentice workers are classified in the appropriate production occupations (51-0000). Alternate Job Title(s): Blending Tank Helper; Commercial Baker Helper; Welder Helper

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 607 622 2.515 316 504 835 $36,730

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Load and unload items from machines, conveyors, and conveyances. Operate machinery used in the production process, or assist machine operators. Place products in equipment or on work surfaces for further processing, inspecting, or wrapping. Examine products to verify conformance to quality standards. Start machines or equipment to begin production processes.

Top Generalized Work Activities Handling and Moving Objects Performing General Physical Activities Controlling Machines and Processes

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge [information not available] Near Vision Attention to Detail Mechanical Trunk Strength Dependability Static Strength Cooperation Manual Dexterity Self Control Control Precision Stress Tolerance

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 423 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

11-2021 Marketing Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate marketing policies and programs, such as determining the demand for products and services offered by a firm and its competitors, and identify potential customers. Develop pricing strategies with the goal of maximizing the firm's profits or share of the market while ensuring the firm's customers are satisfied. Oversee product development or monitor trends that indicate the need for new products and services. Alternate Job Title(s): Internet Marketing Manager; Marketing Administrator; Marketing Director

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 203 218 7.415 43 118 176 $124,780

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Identify, develop, or evaluate marketing strategy, based on knowledge of establishment objectives, market characteristics, and cost and markup factors. Formulate, direct, or coordinate marketing activities or policies to promote products or services, working with advertising or promotion managers. Evaluate the financial aspects of product development, such as budgets, expenditures, research and development appropriations, or return-on- investment and profit-loss projections. Develop pricing strategies, balancing firm objectives and customer satisfaction. Compile lists describing product or service offerings.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Initiative Sales and Marketing Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Leadership English Language Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Dependability Administration and Management Active Learning Written Expression Achievement/Effort Customer and Personal Service Speaking Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Communications and Media

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 424 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

11-2022 Sales Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate the actual distribution or movement of a product or service to the customer. Coordinate sales distribution by establishing sales territories, quotas, and goals and establish training programs for sales representatives. Analyze sales statistics gathered by staff to determine sales potential and inventory requirements and monitor the preferences of customers. Alternate Job Title(s): District Sales Manager; Export Manager; Regional Sales Manager; Sales Director

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 532 566 6.434 112 309 455 $126,560

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Wholesale Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Direct and coordinate activities involving sales of manufactured products, services, commodities, real estate or other subjects of sale. Resolve customer complaints regarding sales and service. Review operational records and reports to project sales and determine profitability. Oversee regional and local sales managers and their staffs. Determine price schedules and discount rates.

Top Generalized Work Activities Selling or Influencing Others Thinking Creatively Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Persuasion Oral Comprehension Initiative Sales and Marketing Speaking Written Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Expression Dependability English Language Coordination Written Expression Leadership Administration and Management Critical Thinking Speech Recognition Adaptability/Flexibility Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 425 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

11-2030 Public Relations and Fundraising Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate activities designed to create or maintain a favorable public image or raise issue awareness for their organization or client; or if engaged in fundraising, plan, direct, or coordinate activities to solicit and maintain funds for special projects or nonprofit organizations. Alternate Job Title(s): N/A

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 110 120 9.110 29 56 95 $103,320

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Identify main client groups and audiences, determine the best way to communicate publicity information to them, and develop and implement a communication plan. Develop and maintain the company's corporate image and identity, which includes the use of logos and signage. Manage special events, such as sponsorship of races, parties introducing new products, or other activities the firm supports, to gain public attention through the media without advertising directly. Write interesting and effective press releases, prepare information for media kits, and develop and maintain company internet or intranet web pages. Design and edit promotional publications, such as brochures.

Top Generalized Work Activities Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Communicating with Persons Outside Organization Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Integrity Sales and Marketing Speaking Written Expression Initiative English Language Writing Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Fluency of Ideas Attention to Detail Communications and Media Active Listening Written Comprehension Persistence Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 426 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

11-9141 Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate the selling, buying, leasing, or governance activities of commercial, industrial, or residential real estate properties. Includes managers of homeowner and condominium associations, rented or leased housing units, buildings, or land (including rights-of-way). Alternate Job Title(s): Apartment Manager; Building Rental Manager; Leasing Property Manager

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 919 998 8.679 359 316 754 $50,850

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Real Estate and Rental and Leasing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Real Estate and Rental and Leasing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare detailed budgets and financial reports for properties. Manage and oversee operations, maintenance, administration, and improvement of commercial, industrial, or residential properties. Plan, schedule, and coordinate general maintenance, major repairs, and remodeling or construction projects for commercial or residential properties. Direct collection of monthly assessments, rental fees, and deposits and payment of insurance premiums, mortgage, taxes, and incurred operating expenses. Direct and coordinate the activities of staff and contract personnel and evaluate their performance.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Dependability Administration and Management Active Listening Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Economics and Accounting Writing Written Expression Attention to Detail English Language Coordination Inductive Reasoning Initiative Law and Government

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 427 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

13-1161 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

Occupation Description: Research conditions in local, regional, national, or online markets. Gather information to determine potential sales of a product or service, or plan a marketing or advertising campaign. May gather information on competitors, prices, sales, and methods of marketing and distribution. May employ search marketing tactics, analyze web metrics, and develop recommendations to increase search engine ranking and visibility to target markets. Excludes Web and Digital Interface Designers (15-1255), Art Directors (27-1011), Graphic Designers (27-1024), and Public Relations Specialists (27-3031). Alternate Job Title(s): Advertising Analyst; Market Research Specialist; Marketing Consultant; Marketing Forecaster; Search Marketing Strategist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,303 1,572 20.6 269 343 931 1,543 $54,410

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 17.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 82.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare reports of findings, illustrating data graphically and translating complex findings into written text. Conduct research on consumer opinions and marketing strategies, collaborating with marketing professionals, statisticians, pollsters, and other professionals. Collect and analyze data on customer demographics, preferences, needs, and buying habits to identify potential markets and factors affecting product demand. Measure and assess customer and employee satisfaction. Devise and evaluate methods and procedures for collecting data, such as surveys, opinion polls, or questionnaires, or arrange to obtain existing data.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Analyzing Data or Information Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Inductive Reasoning Analytical Thinking English Language Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Writing Written Comprehension Dependability Sales and Marketing Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Mathematics Complex Problem Solving Written Expression Initiative Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 428 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

27-1026 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers

Occupation Description: Plan and erect commercial displays, such as those in windows and interiors of retail stores and at trade exhibitions. Alternate Job Title(s): Display Artist; Mannequin Decorator; Window Decorator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 392 402 2.610 123 219 352 $32,980

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Wholesale Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Plan commercial displays to entice and appeal to customers. Arrange properties, furniture, merchandise, backdrops, or other accessories, as shown in prepared sketches. Change or rotate window displays, interior display areas, or signage to reflect changes in inventory or promotion. Place prices or descriptive signs on backdrops, fixtures, merchandise, or floor. Consult with store managers, buyers, sales associates, housekeeping staff, or engineering staff to determine appropriate placement of displays or products.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Thinking Creatively Performing General Physical Activities

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Artistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Visualization Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Speaking Speech Clarity Dependability Sales and Marketing Critical Thinking Oral Expression Integrity English Language Judgment and Decision Making Oral Comprehension Cooperation Administration and Management Time Management Fluency of Ideas Innovation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 429 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

27-3031 Public Relations Specialists

Occupation Description: Promote or create an intended public image for individuals, groups, or organizations. May write or select material for release to various communications media. May specialize in using social media. Alternate Job Title(s): Lobbyist; Press Secretary; Publicity Writer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 577 616 6.839 156 371 566 $67,860

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration). Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Respond to requests for information from the media or designate an appropriate spokesperson or information source. Write press releases or other media communications to promote clients. Establish or maintain cooperative relationships with representatives of community, consumer, employee, or public interest groups. Plan or direct development or communication of programs to maintain favorable public or stockholder perceptions of an organization's accomplishments, agenda, or environmental responsibility. Study the objectives, promotional policies, or needs of organizations to develop public relations strategies that will influence public opinion or promote ideas, products, or services.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Communicating with Persons Outside Organization Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Integrity English Language Active Listening Oral Expression Attention to Detail Communications and Media Writing Written Expression Dependability Sales and Marketing Coordination Speech Clarity Persistence Customer and Personal Service Time Management Written Comprehension Cooperation Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 430 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

41-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers

Occupation Description: Directly supervise and coordinate activities of retail sales workers in an establishment or department. Duties may include management functions, such as purchasing, budgeting, accounting, and personnel work, in addition to supervisory duties. Alternate Job Title(s): Cashier Supervisor; Delicatessen Department Manager

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 3,257 3,215 -1.3 -42 1,103 2,032 3,093 $46,350

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Provide customer service by greeting and assisting customers and responding to customer inquiries and complaints. Direct and supervise employees engaged in sales, inventory-taking, reconciling cash receipts, or in performing services for customers. Examine merchandise to ensure that it is correctly priced and displayed and that it functions as advertised. Monitor sales activities to ensure that customers receive satisfactory service and quality goods. Instruct staff on how to handle difficult and complicated sales.

Top Generalized Work Activities Training and Teaching Others Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Speech Clarity Integrity Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Comprehension Stress Tolerance Administration and Management Service Orientation Oral Expression Leadership Sales and Marketing Coordination Speech Recognition Cooperation English Language Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Dependability Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 431 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

41-1012 First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers

Occupation Description: Directly supervise and coordinate activities of sales workers other than retail sales workers. May perform duties such as budgeting, accounting, and personnel work, in addition to supervisory duties. Alternate Job Title(s): Insurance Sales Supervisor; Real Estate Sales Supervisor; Telemarketer Supervisor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 628 594 -5.4 -34 182 320 468 $72,940

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 20% and 29%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor sales staff performance to ensure that goals are met. Provide staff with assistance in performing difficult or complicated duties. Direct and supervise employees engaged in sales, inventory-taking, reconciling cash receipts, or performing specific services. Listen to and resolve customer complaints regarding services, products, or personnel. Keep records pertaining to purchases, sales, and requisitions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Coaching and Developing Others Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Management of Personnel Resources Oral Expression Attention to Detail Administration and Management Speaking Speech Recognition Dependability English Language Monitoring Speech Clarity Leadership Personnel and Human Resources Time Management Deductive Reasoning Initiative Economics and Accounting

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 432 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

41-2011 Cashiers

Occupation Description: Receive and disburse money in establishments other than financial institutions. May use electronic scanners, cash registers, or related equipment. May process credit or debit card transactions and validate checks. Excludes Gambling Change Persons and Booth Cashiers (41-2012). Alternate Job Title(s): Cash Register Operator; Grocery Checker; Toll Collector

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 10,150 9,885 -2.6 -265 8,438 8,462 16,635 $25,340

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Receive payment by cash, check, credit cards, vouchers, or automatic debits. Answer customers' questions, and provide information on procedures or policies. Help customers find the location of products. Issue receipts, refunds, credits, or change due to customers. Greet customers entering establishments.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Deal With External Customers [Extremely important] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Service Orientation Oral Expression Dependability Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Comprehension Cooperation Mathematics Speaking Near Vision Integrity Administration and Management Social Perceptiveness Written Comprehension Self Control Clerical Mathematics Speech Recognition Stress Tolerance

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 433 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

41-2021 Counter and Rental Clerks

Occupation Description: Receive orders, generally in person, for repairs, rentals, and services. May describe available options, compute cost, and accept payment. Excludes Fast Food and Counter Workers (35-3023), Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks (43-4081), Order Clerks (43-4151), and Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks (43- 4181). Alternate Job Title(s): Automotive Service Writer; Car Rental Agent; Dry Cleaning Counter Clerk

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 737 801 8.764 344 487 895 $35,410

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Real Estate and Rental and Leasing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Real Estate and Rental and Leasing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Compute charges for merchandise or services and receive payments. Receive orders for services, such as rentals, repairs, dry cleaning, and storage. Explain rental fees, policies, and procedures. Provide information about rental items, such as availability, operation, or description. Advise customers on use and care of merchandise.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Documenting/Recording Information Processing Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Oral Expression Dependability English Language Speaking Speech Recognition Self Control Clerical Reading Comprehension Speech Clarity Cooperation Sales and Marketing Critical Thinking Near Vision Integrity Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 434 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

41-2022 Parts Salespersons

Occupation Description: Sell spare and replacement parts and equipment in repair shop or parts store. Alternate Job Title(s): Auto Parts Salesperson; Electronic Parts Salesperson

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,741 1,857 6.7116 743 1,201 2,060 $42,790

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Receive and fill telephone orders for parts. Fill customer orders from stock and place orders when requested items are out of stock. Receive payment or obtain credit authorization. Read catalogs, microfiche viewers, or computer displays to determine replacement part stock numbers and prices. Prepare sales slips or sales contracts.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Communicating with Persons Outside Organization Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Deal With External Customers [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Expression Attention to Detail Sales and Marketing Service Orientation Written Comprehension Integrity English Language Reading Comprehension Near Vision Cooperation Mechanical Persuasion Speech Clarity Initiative

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 435 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

41-2031 Retail Salespersons

Occupation Description: Sell merchandise, such as furniture, motor vehicles, appliances, or apparel to consumers. Excludes Cashiers (41- 2011). Alternate Job Title(s): Used Car Salesperson; Women's Apparel Salesperson

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 12,486 12,651 1.3165 7,043 9,410 16,618 $33,520

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 99%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Greet customers and ascertain what each customer wants or needs. Recommend, select, and help locate or obtain merchandise based on customer needs and desires. Compute sales prices, total purchases, and receive and process cash or credit payment. Prepare merchandise for purchase or rental. Answer questions regarding the store and its merchandise.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Selling or Influencing Others Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Persuasion Oral Expression Dependability Sales and Marketing Speaking Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Speech Clarity Cooperation English Language Active Listening Speech Recognition Integrity Administration and Management Social Perceptiveness Problem Sensitivity Self Control Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 436 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

41-3011 Advertising Sales Agents

Occupation Description: Sell or solicit advertising space, time, or media in publications, signage, TV, radio, or Internet establishments or public spaces. Alternate Job Title(s): Advertising Account Executive; Display Advertising Sales Representative; Yellow Pages Space Salesperson

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 552 489 -11.4 -63 150 443 530 $58,950

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Information. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prepare and deliver sales presentations to new and existing customers to sell new advertising programs and to protect and increase existing advertising. Maintain assigned account bases while developing new accounts. Provide clients with estimates of the costs of advertising products or services. Locate and contact potential clients to offer advertising services. Explain to customers how specific types of advertising will help promote their products or services in the most effective way possible.

Top Generalized Work Activities Selling or Influencing Others Communicating with Persons Outside Organization Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Deal With External Customers [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Attention to Detail Sales and Marketing Persuasion Speech Clarity Initiative Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Oral Comprehension Persistence English Language Social Perceptiveness Speech Recognition Integrity Communications and Media Negotiation Written Comprehension Achievement/Effort Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 437 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

41-4011 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products

Occupation Description: Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers where technical or scientific knowledge is required in such areas as biology, engineering, chemistry, and electronics, normally obtained from at least 2 years of postsecondary education. Excludes Sales Engineers (41-9031). Alternate Job Title(s): Pharmaceutical Sales Representative; Surgical Instruments Sales Representative; Wholesale Ultrasonic Equipment Salesperson

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 943 1,029 9.186 290 595 971 $76,680

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Wholesale Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Negotiate prices or terms of sales or service agreements. Prepare and submit sales contracts for orders. Visit establishments to evaluate needs or to promote product or service sales. Maintain customer records, using automated systems. Answer customers' questions about products, prices, availability, or credit terms.

Top Generalized Work Activities Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service Persuasion Speech Recognition Initiative Sales and Marketing Active Listening Oral Comprehension Cooperation English Language Negotiation Speech Clarity Dependability Administration and Management Social Perceptiveness Written Comprehension Persistence Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 438 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

41-4012 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products

Occupation Description: Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers to businesses or groups of individuals. Work requires substantial knowledge of items sold. Alternate Job Title(s): Hotel Supplies Salesperson; Pulpwood Dealer; Wholesale Diamond Broker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 3,881 4,040 4.1159 1,164 2,389 3,712 $76,130

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Wholesale Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Answer customers' questions about products, prices, availability, product uses, and credit terms. Recommend products to customers, based on customers' needs and interests. Estimate or quote prices, credit or contract terms, warranties, and delivery dates. Consult with clients after sales or contract signings to resolve problems and to provide ongoing support. Prepare sales contracts and order forms.

Top Generalized Work Activities Selling or Influencing Others Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Telephone [Every day] Deal With External Customers [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Analytical Thinking Sales and Marketing Active Listening Speech Clarity Initiative Customer and Personal Service Negotiation Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Social Perceptiveness Speech Recognition Adaptability/Flexibility Mathematics Persuasion Written Comprehension Stress Tolerance Transportation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 439 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

41-9011 Demonstrators and Product Promoters

Occupation Description: Demonstrate merchandise and answer questions for the purpose of creating public interest in buying the product. May sell demonstrated merchandise. Alternate Job Title(s): Home Demonstrator; In-Store Demonstrator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 234 255 9.021 269 141 431 $36,020

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self- employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Provide product samples, coupons, informational brochures, or other incentives to persuade people to buy products. Sell products being promoted and keep records of sales. Keep areas neat while working and return items to correct locations following demonstrations. Demonstrate or explain products, methods, or services to persuade customers to purchase products or use services. Record and report demonstration-related information, such as the number of questions asked by the audience or the number of coupons distributed.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Selling or Influencing Others Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Deal With External Customers [Very important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Speech Clarity Dependability Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Expression Integrity Sales and Marketing Persuasion Oral Comprehension Cooperation English Language Service Orientation Speech Recognition Social Orientation Food Production Reading Comprehension Near Vision Concern for Others Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 440 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

41-9021 Real Estate Brokers

Occupation Description: Operate real estate office, or work for commercial real estate firm, overseeing real estate transactions. Other duties usually include selling real estate or renting properties and arranging loans. Alternate Job Title(s): Licensed Real Estate Broker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 124 121 -2.4 -3 51 51 99 $71,680

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Real Estate and Rental and Leasing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally greater than 75%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Sell, for a fee, real estate owned by others. Obtain agreements from property owners to place properties for sale with real estate firms. Act as an intermediary in negotiations between buyers and sellers over property prices and settlement details and during the closing of sales. Generate lists of properties for sale, their locations, descriptions, and available financing options, using computers. Manage or operate real estate offices, handling associated business details.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Sales and Marketing Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Initiative Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Stress Tolerance English Language Active Listening Speech Clarity Persistence Law and Government Negotiation Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Administration and Management

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 441 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

41-9022 Real Estate Sales Agents

Occupation Description: Rent, buy, or sell property for clients. Perform duties such as study property listings, interview prospective clients, accompany clients to property site, discuss conditions of sale, and draw up real estate contracts. Includes agents who represent buyer. Alternate Job Title(s): Apartment Rental Agent; Right of Way Agent

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 633 643 1.610 264 265 539 $62,570

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Real Estate and Rental and Leasing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Real Estate and Rental and Leasing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 60% and 74%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Present purchase offers to sellers for consideration. Prepare documents such as representation contracts, purchase agreements, closing statements, deeds, and leases. Act as an intermediary in negotiations between buyers and sellers, generally representing one or the other. Generate lists of properties that are compatible with buyers' needs and financial resources. Confer with escrow companies, lenders, home inspectors, and pest control operators to ensure that terms and conditions of purchase agreements are met before closing dates.

Top Generalized Work Activities Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others Interacting With Computers Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Integrity Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Comprehension Stress Tolerance Sales and Marketing Negotiation Speech Clarity Dependability English Language Social Perceptiveness Speech Recognition Initiative Law and Government Coordination Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Clerical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 442 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

41-9041 Telemarketers

Occupation Description: Solicit donations or orders for goods or services over the telephone. Alternate Job Title(s): Telemarketing Sales Representative; Telephone Solicitor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 98 66 -32.7 -32 34 78 80 $24,630

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Deliver prepared sales talks, reading from scripts that describe products or services, to persuade potential customers to purchase a product or service or to make a donation. Contact businesses or private individuals by telephone to solicit sales for goods or services, or to request donations for charitable causes. Explain products or services and prices, and answer questions from customers. Obtain customer information such as name, address, and payment method, and enter orders into computers. Record names, addresses, purchases, and reactions of prospects contacted.

Top Generalized Work Activities Selling or Influencing Others Interacting With Computers Communicating with Persons Outside Organization

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Sales and Marketing Persuasion Oral Comprehension Integrity English Language Active Listening Speech Clarity Persistence Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Speech Recognition Dependability Social Perceptiveness Selective Attention Achievement/Effort

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 443 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Marketing

53-3031 Driver/Sales Workers

Occupation Description: Drive truck or other vehicle over established routes or within an established territory and sell or deliver goods, such as food products, including restaurant take-out items, or pick up or deliver items such as commercial laundry. May also take orders, collect payment, or stock merchandise at point of delivery. Excludes Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers (49-9091) and Light Truck Drivers (53-3033). Alternate Job Title(s): Newspaper Delivery Driver; Pizza Delivery Driver; Route Salesperson

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,882 1,926 2.344 780 1,139 1,963 $30,470

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Accommodation and Food Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Wholesale Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Drive trucks to deliver such items as food, medical supplies, or newspapers. Inform regular customers of new products or services and price changes. Record sales or delivery information on daily sales or delivery record. Listen to and resolve customers' complaints regarding products or services. Collect money from customers, make change, and record transactions on customer receipts.

Top Generalized Work Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Handling and Moving Objects Performing General Physical Activities

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Time Pressure [Every day] Very Hot or Cold Temperatures [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Expression Dependability Customer and Personal Service Speaking Oral Comprehension Integrity Food Production Service Orientation Near Vision Cooperation English Language Critical Thinking Speech Recognition Stress Tolerance Transportation Time Management Speech Clarity Self Control Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 444 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

11-9041 Architectural and Engineering Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as architecture and engineering or research and development in these fields. Excludes Natural Sciences Managers (11-9121). Alternate Job Title(s): Engineering Design Manager; Global Engineering Manager; Mechanical Engineering Director

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 269 295 9.726 46 123 195 $131,030

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 13.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 86.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Manage the coordination and overall integration of technical activities in architecture or engineering projects. Direct, review, or approve project design changes. Consult or negotiate with clients to prepare project specifications. Prepare budgets, bids, or contracts. Present and explain proposals, reports, or findings to clients.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Analytical Thinking Design Speaking Oral Comprehension Integrity Engineering and Technology Active Listening Oral Expression Dependability Mathematics Complex Problem Solving Speech Clarity Attention to Detail Administration and Management Writing Mathematical Reasoning Stress Tolerance English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 445 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

15-2041 Statisticians

Occupation Description: Develop or apply mathematical or statistical theory and methods to collect, organize, interpret, and summarize numerical data to provide usable information. May specialize in fields such as biostatistics, agricultural statistics, business statistics, or economic statistics. Includes mathematical and survey statisticians. Excludes Survey Researchers (19-3022). Alternate Job Title(s): Biostatistician; Statistical Analyst; Time Study Statistician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 85 118 38.8 33 20 49 102 $73,640

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 32.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 67.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Analyze and interpret statistical data to identify significant differences in relationships among sources of information. Identify relationships and trends in data, as well as any factors that could affect the results of research. Determine whether statistical methods are appropriate, based on user needs or research questions of interest. Prepare data for processing by organizing information, checking for inaccuracies, and adjusting and weighting the raw data. Present statistical and nonstatistical results, using charts, bullets, and graphs, in meetings or conferences to audiences such as clients, peers, and students.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Analyzing Data or Information Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Mathematics Mathematical Reasoning Analytical Thinking Mathematics Critical Thinking Number Facility Attention to Detail English Language Reading Comprehension Inductive Reasoning Integrity Computers and Electronics Active Listening Deductive Reasoning Dependability Complex Problem Solving Written Expression Achievement/Effort

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 446 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

17-2041 Chemical Engineers

Occupation Description: Design chemical plant equipment and devise processes for manufacturing chemicals and products, such as gasoline, synthetic rubber, plastics, detergents, cement, paper, and pulp, by applying principles and technology of chemistry, physics, and engineering. Alternate Job Title(s): Fuels Engineer; Plastics Engineer; Polymerization Engineer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 52 58 11.56 12 18 36 N/A

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 16.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 83.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor and analyze data from processes and experiments. Develop safety procedures to be employed by workers operating equipment or working in close proximity to ongoing chemical reactions. Develop processes to separate components of liquids or gases or generate electrical currents, using controlled chemical processes. Troubleshoot problems with chemical manufacturing processes. Evaluate chemical equipment and processes to identify ways to optimize performance or to ensure compliance with safety and environmental regulations.

Top Generalized Work Activities Processing Information Analyzing Data or Information Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Science Written Comprehension Analytical Thinking Engineering and Technology Complex Problem Solving Information Ordering Integrity Mathematics Critical Thinking Mathematical Reasoning Attention to Detail Chemistry Systems Analysis Category Flexibility Dependability Physics Judgment and Decision Making Problem Sensitivity Initiative Design

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 447 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

17-2071 Electrical Engineers

Occupation Description: Research, design, develop, test, or supervise the manufacturing and installation of electrical equipment, components, or systems for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use. Excludes Computer Hardware Engineers (17-2061). Alternate Job Title(s): Electrical Systems Engineer; Illuminating Engineer; Power Distribution Engineer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 508 592 16.584 123 200 407 $97,640

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 20.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 79.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Operate computer-assisted engineering or design software or equipment to perform engineering tasks. Prepare technical drawings, specifications of electrical systems, or topographical maps to ensure that installation and operations conform to standards and customer requirements. Confer with engineers, customers, or others to discuss existing or potential engineering projects or products. Design, implement, maintain, or improve electrical instruments, equipment, facilities, components, products, or systems for commercial, industrial, or domestic purposes. Direct or coordinate manufacturing, construction, installation, maintenance, support, documentation, or testing activities to ensure compliance with specifications, codes, or customer requirements.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Engineering and Technology Complex Problem Solving Oral Comprehension Analytical Thinking Computers and Electronics Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Persistence Design Writing Problem Sensitivity Integrity Mathematics Reading Comprehension Written Expression Dependability English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 448 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

17-2072 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer

Occupation Description: Research, design, develop, or test electronic components and systems for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use employing knowledge of electronic theory and materials properties. Design electronic circuits and components for use in fields such as telecommunications, aerospace guidance and propulsion control, acoustics, or instruments and controls. Excludes Computer Hardware Engineers (17-2061). Alternate Job Title(s): Circuit Design Engineer; Electronic Design Automation Engineer; Telecommunication Engineer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 168 192 14.324 40 65 129 $95,130

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 18.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 81.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Determine project material or equipment needs. Prepare engineering sketches or specifications for construction, relocation, or installation of equipment, facilities, products, or systems. Prepare documentation containing information such as confidential descriptions or specifications of proprietary hardware or software, product development or introduction schedules, product costs, or information about product performance weaknesses. Evaluate project work to ensure effectiveness, technical adequacy, or compatibility in the resolution of complex electronics engineering problems. Analyze electronics system requirements, capacity, cost, or customer needs to determine project feasibility.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Engineering and Technology Complex Problem Solving Inductive Reasoning Dependability Computers and Electronics Critical Thinking Deductive Reasoning Analytical Thinking Mathematics Writing Problem Sensitivity Cooperation Design Speaking Written Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility Physics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 449 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

17-2112 Industrial Engineers

Occupation Description: Design, develop, test, and evaluate integrated systems for managing industrial production processes, including human work factors, quality control, inventory control, logistics and material flow, cost analysis, and production coordination. Excludes Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors (17-2111). Alternate Job Title(s): Efficiency Engineer; Manufacturing Engineer; Packaging Engineer; Production Engineer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 310 351 13.241 72 123 236 $83,780

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 17.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 82.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Estimate production costs, cost saving methods, and the effects of product design changes on expenditures for management review, action, and control. Plan and establish sequence of operations to fabricate and assemble parts or products and to promote efficient utilization. Analyze statistical data and product specifications to determine standards and establish quality and reliability objectives of finished product. Confer with clients, vendors, staff, and management personnel regarding purchases, product and production specifications, manufacturing capabilities, or project status. Communicate with management and user personnel to develop production and design standards.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Interacting With Computers Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Engineering and Technology Active Listening Inductive Reasoning Dependability Production and Processing Critical Thinking Deductive Reasoning Integrity Mechanical Speaking Oral Expression Analytical Thinking Design Complex Problem Solving Oral Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 450 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

17-2141 Mechanical Engineers

Occupation Description: Perform engineering duties in planning and designing tools, engines, machines, and other mechanically functioning equipment. Oversee installation, operation, maintenance, and repair of equipment such as centralized heat, gas, water, and steam systems. Alternate Job Title(s): Combustion Engineer; Engine Designer; Heating and Cooling Systems Engineer; Tool and Die Engineer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 558 653 17.095 107 230 432 $78,280

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 22% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 78%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Read and interpret blueprints, technical drawings, schematics, or computer-generated reports. Research, design, evaluate, install, operate, or maintain mechanical products, equipment, systems or processes to meet requirements. Confer with engineers or other personnel to implement operating procedures, resolve system malfunctions, or provide technical information. Develop, coordinate, or monitor all aspects of production, including selection of manufacturing methods, fabrication, or operation of product designs. Investigate equipment failures or difficulties to diagnose faulty operation and recommend remedial actions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Making Decisions and Solving Problems Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Structured versus Unstructured Work [A lot of freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Mathematics Written Comprehension Analytical Thinking Engineering and Technology Science Information Ordering Attention to Detail Mathematics Active Listening Oral Comprehension Innovation Design Reading Comprehension Inductive Reasoning Dependability Mechanical Critical Thinking Mathematical Reasoning Integrity Physics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 451 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

17-2171 Petroleum Engineers

Occupation Description: Devise methods to improve oil and gas extraction and production and determine the need for new or modified tool designs. Oversee drilling and offer technical advice. Alternate Job Title(s): Natural Gas Engineer; Oil Drilling Engineer; Oil Exploration Engineer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 227 245 7.918 34 103 155 $125,930

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Specify and supervise well modification and stimulation programs to maximize oil and gas recovery. Monitor production rates, and plan rework processes to improve production. Maintain records of drilling and production operations. Assist engineering and other personnel to solve operating problems. Analyze data to recommend placement of wells and supplementary processes to enhance production.

Top Generalized Work Activities Analyzing Data or Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Analytical Thinking Engineering and Technology Critical Thinking Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Mathematics Complex Problem Solving Problem Sensitivity Integrity Physics Writing Inductive Reasoning Dependability Computers and Electronics Speaking Written Comprehension Initiative Chemistry

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 452 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

19-1031 Conservation Scientists

Occupation Description: Manage, improve, and protect natural resources to maximize their use without damaging the environment. May conduct soil surveys and develop plans to eliminate soil erosion or to protect rangelands. May instruct farmers, agricultural production managers, or ranchers in best ways to use crop rotation, contour plowing, or terracing to conserve soil and water; in the number and kind of livestock and forage plants best suited to particular ranges; and in range and farm improvements, such as fencing and reservoirs for stock watering. Excludes Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists (19-1023) and Foresters (19-1032). Alternate Job Title(s): Grassland Conservationist; Range Ecologist; Soil Conservationist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 324 328 1.24 54 226 284 $65,820

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Government. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Implement soil or water management techniques, such as nutrient management, erosion control, buffers, or filter strips, in accordance with conservation plans. Monitor projects during or after construction to ensure projects conform to design specifications. Visit areas affected by erosion problems to identify causes or determine solutions. Advise land users, such as farmers or ranchers, on plans, problems, or alternative conservation solutions. Develop or maintain working relationships with local government staff or board members.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems Communicating with Persons Outside Organization

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Integrity Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Dependability English Language Writing Written Comprehension Cooperation Biology Speaking Oral Expression Attention to Detail Engineering and Technology Complex Problem Solving Deductive Reasoning Initiative Geography

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 453 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

19-2021 Atmospheric and Space Scientists

Occupation Description: Investigate atmospheric phenomena and interpret meteorological data, gathered by surface and air stations, satellites, and radar to prepare reports and forecasts for public and other uses. Includes weather analysts and forecasters whose functions require the detailed knowledge of meteorology. Alternate Job Title(s): Atmospheric Chemist; Climatologist; Hurricane Tracker; Meteorologist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 80 85 6.35 14 53 72 $73,770

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Broadcast weather conditions, forecasts, or severe weather warnings to the public via television, radio, or the Internet or provide this information to the news media. Gather data from sources such as surface or upper air stations, satellites, weather bureaus, or radar for use in meteorological reports or forecasts. Develop or use mathematical or computer models for weather forecasting. Prepare weather reports or maps for analysis, distribution, or use in weather broadcasts, using computer graphics. Interpret data, reports, maps, photographs, or charts to predict long- or short-range weather conditions, using computer models and knowledge of climate theory, physics, and mathematics.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Getting Information Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Analytical Thinking Physics Active Listening Written Comprehension Dependability English Language Critical Thinking Oral Expression Attention to Detail Mathematics Science Written Expression Stress Tolerance Geography Writing Speech Clarity Adaptability/Flexibility Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 454 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

19-2031 Chemists

Occupation Description: Conduct qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses or experiments in laboratories for quality or process control or to develop new products or knowledge. Excludes Biochemists and Biophysicists (19-1021) and Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers (19-2042). Alternate Job Title(s): Food Chemist; Industrial Chemist; Inorganic Chemist; Research and Development Chemist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 88 81 -8.0 -7 13 53 59 $80,280

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Analyze organic or inorganic compounds to determine chemical or physical properties, composition, structure, relationships, or reactions, using chromatography, spectroscopy, or spectrophotometry techniques. Conduct quality control tests. Maintain laboratory instruments to ensure proper working order and troubleshoot malfunctions when needed. Prepare test solutions, compounds, or reagents for laboratory personnel to conduct tests. Induce changes in composition of substances by introducing heat, light, energy, or chemical catalysts for quantitative or qualitative analysis.

Top Generalized Work Activities Documenting/Recording Information Interacting With Computers Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Science Deductive Reasoning Attention to Detail Chemistry Reading Comprehension Inductive Reasoning Analytical Thinking Mathematics Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Integrity Production and Processing Mathematics Oral Comprehension Dependability Computers and Electronics Active Listening Mathematical Reasoning Cooperation English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 455 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

19-2041 Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health

Occupation Description: Conduct research or perform investigation for the purpose of identifying, abating, or eliminating sources of pollutants or hazards that affect either the environment or public health. Using knowledge of various scientific disciplines, may collect, synthesize, study, report, and recommend action based on data derived from measurements or observations of air, food, soil, water, and other sources. Excludes Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists (19-1023), Conservation Scientists (19-1031), Forest and Conservation Technicians (19-4071), Occupational Health and Safety Specialists (19-5011), Fish and Game Wardens (33-3031), and Forest and Conservation Workers (45-4011). Alternate Job Title(s): Hazardous Substances Scientist; Health Environmentalist; Water Pollution Scientist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 237 240 1.33 39 168 210 $66,040

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Provide scientific or technical guidance, support, coordination, or oversight to governmental agencies, environmental programs, industry, or the public. Review and implement environmental technical standards, guidelines, policies, and formal regulations that meet all appropriate requirements. Collect, synthesize, analyze, manage, and report environmental data, such as pollution emission measurements, atmospheric monitoring measurements, meteorological or mineralogical information, or soil or water samples. Communicate scientific or technical information to the public, organizations, or internal audiences through oral briefings, written documents, workshops, conferences, training sessions, or public hearings. Provide advice on proper standards and regulations or the development of policies, strategies, or codes of practice for environmental management.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail English Language Active Listening Written Comprehension Integrity Mathematics Critical Thinking Inductive Reasoning Dependability Law and Government Writing Oral Expression Analytical Thinking Clerical Speaking Written Expression Initiative Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 456 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

19-2042 Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers

Occupation Description: Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the Earth. May use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. May study the Earth's internal composition, atmospheres, and oceans, and its magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Includes mineralogists, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists. Alternate Job Title(s): Geochemist; Oceanographer; Petrologist; Volcanologist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 98 106 8.28 17 72 97 $100,180

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Plan or conduct geological, geochemical, or geophysical field studies or surveys, sample collection, or drilling and testing programs used to collect data for research or application. Analyze and interpret geological data, using computer software. Investigate the composition, structure, or history of the Earth's crust through the collection, examination, measurement, or classification of soils, minerals, rocks, or fossil remains. Analyze and interpret geological, geochemical, or geophysical information from sources, such as survey data, well logs, bore holes, or aerial photos. Identify risks for natural disasters, such as mudslides, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Analyzing Data or Information Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [Some freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension Analytical Thinking Geography Science Inductive Reasoning Integrity English Language Speaking Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Mathematics Critical Thinking Category Flexibility Persistence Chemistry Judgment and Decision Making Deductive Reasoning Initiative Physics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 457 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

19-3091 Anthropologists and Archeologists

Occupation Description: Study the origin, development, and behavior of human beings. May study the way of life, language, or physical characteristics of people in various parts of the world. May engage in systematic recovery and examination of material evidence, such as tools or pottery remaining from past human cultures, in order to determine the history, customs, and living habits of earlier civilizations. Alternate Job Title(s): Ethnoarchaeologist; Political Anthropologist; Research Archaeologist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 68 76 11.88 18 49 75 $62,800

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Study objects and structures recovered by excavation to identify, date, and authenticate them and to interpret their significance. Collect information and make judgments through observation, interviews, and review of documents. Research, survey, or assess sites of past societies and cultures in search of answers to specific research questions. Write about and present research findings for a variety of specialized and general audiences. Describe artifacts' physical properties or attributes, such as the materials from which artifacts are made and their size, shape, function, and decoration.

Top Generalized Work Activities Analyzing Data or Information Getting Information Processing Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [Some freedom]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Investigative

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Writing Written Comprehension Analytical Thinking Sociology and Anthropology Reading Comprehension Written Expression Integrity History and Archeology Active Listening Oral Expression Attention to Detail English Language Speaking Inductive Reasoning Persistence Geography Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Adaptability/Flexibility Education and Training

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Master's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 458 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

19-4061 Social Science Research Assistants

Occupation Description: Assist social scientists in laboratory, survey, and other social science research. May help prepare findings for publication and assist in laboratory analysis, quality control, or data management. Excludes Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary (25-9044). Alternate Job Title(s): City Planning Aide; Economic Research Assistant; Historian Research Assistant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 51 57 11.86 16 44 66 $48,260

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 9.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Design and create special programs for tasks such as statistical analysis and data entry and cleaning. Prepare tables, graphs, fact sheets, and written reports summarizing research results. Provide assistance with the preparation of project-related reports, manuscripts, and presentations. Perform descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses of data, using computer software. Verify the accuracy and validity of data entered in databases, correcting any errors.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Processing Information Analyzing Data or Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Reading Comprehension Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Cooperation Computers and Electronics Active Listening Oral Expression Attention to Detail Clerical Writing Written Expression Independence Mathematics Complex Problem Solving Information Ordering Adaptability/Flexibility Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 459 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

11-3071 Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers

Occupation Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate transportation, storage, or distribution activities in accordance with organizational policies and applicable government laws or regulations. Includes logistics managers. Alternate Job Title(s): Distribution Center Manager; Traffic Safety Administrator; Warehouse Manager

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 487 507 4.120 101 233 354 $97,510

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 5.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 94.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Transportation and Warehousing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Supervise the activities of workers engaged in receiving, storing, testing, and shipping products or materials. Plan, develop, or implement warehouse safety and security programs and activities. Inspect physical conditions of warehouses, vehicle fleets, or equipment and order testing, maintenance, repairs, or replacements. Plan, organize, or manage the work of subordinate staff to ensure that the work is accomplished in a manner consistent with organizational requirements. Collaborate with other departments to integrate logistics with business systems or processes, such as customer sales, order management, accounting, or shipping.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Electronic Mail [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Dependability Transportation Critical Thinking Written Comprehension Integrity Administration and Management Monitoring Oral Expression Leadership Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity Stress Tolerance English Language Active Listening Written Expression Attention to Detail Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent 5 years or more None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 460 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

13-1081 Logisticians

Occupation Description: Analyze and coordinate the ongoing logistical functions of a firm or organization. Responsible for the entire life cycle of a product, including acquisition, distribution, internal allocation, delivery, and final disposal of resources. Excludes Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers (11-3071) and Project Management Specialists (13-1082). Alternate Job Title(s): Logistics Analyst; Logistics Planner; Logistics Specialist

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 259 274 5.815 57 164 236 $66,580

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Maintain and develop positive business relationships with a customer's key personnel involved in, or directly relevant to, a logistics activity. Develop an understanding of customers' needs and take actions to ensure that such needs are met. Manage subcontractor activities, reviewing proposals, developing performance specifications, and serving as liaisons between subcontractors and organizations. Develop proposals that include documentation for estimates. Review logistics performance with customers against targets, benchmarks, and service agreements.

Top Generalized Work Activities Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Integrity Transportation Coordination Oral Comprehension Dependability English Language Monitoring Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Administration and Management Reading Comprehension Oral Expression Initiative Customer and Personal Service Speaking Deductive Reasoning Cooperation Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Bachelor's degree None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 461 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

43-3021 Billing and Posting Clerks

Occupation Description: Compile, compute, and record billing, accounting, statistical, and other numerical data for billing purposes. Prepare billing invoices for services rendered or for delivery or shipment of goods. Excludes Medical Records Specialists (29- 2072). Alternate Job Title(s): Invoice Control Clerk; Statement Processor

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 567 580 2.313 232 321 566 $44,410

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Post stop-payment notices to prevent payment of protested checks. Verify signatures and required information on checks. Verify accuracy of billing data and revise any errors. Prepare itemized statements, bills, or invoices and record amounts due for items purchased or services rendered. Perform bookkeeping work, including posting data or keeping other records concerning costs of goods or services or the shipment of goods.

Top Generalized Work Activities Interacting With Computers Processing Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Telephone [Every day] Importance of Repeating Same Tasks [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Oral Comprehension Integrity Clerical Speaking Oral Expression Dependability Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Speech Recognition Attention to Detail English Language Critical Thinking Near Vision Cooperation Mathematics Service Orientation Problem Sensitivity Stress Tolerance Computers and Electronics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 462 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

43-5011 Cargo and Freight Agents

Occupation Description: Expedite and route movement of incoming and outgoing cargo and freight shipments in airline, train, and trucking terminals and shipping docks. Take orders from customers and arrange pickup of freight and cargo for delivery to loading platform. Prepare and examine bills of lading to determine shipping charges and tariffs. Alternate Job Title(s): Cargo Router; Freight Shipping Agent

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 189 211 11.622 80 92 194 $40,980

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Transportation and Warehousing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Advise clients on transportation and payment methods. Track delivery progress of shipments. Notify consignees, passengers, or customers of freight or baggage arrival and arrange for delivery. Determine method of shipment and prepare bills of lading, invoices, and other shipping documents.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems Processing Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Attention to Detail Transportation Active Listening Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Written Comprehension Integrity English Language Critical Thinking Speech Clarity Cooperation Geography Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Dependability Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 463 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

43-5021 Couriers and Messengers

Occupation Description: Pick up and deliver messages, documents, packages, and other items between offices or departments within an establishment or directly to other business concerns, traveling by foot, bicycle, motorcycle, automobile, or public conveyance. Excludes Light Truck Drivers (53-3033). Alternate Job Title(s): Bicycle Messenger; Laboratory Courier; Office Runner

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 205 201 -2.0 -4 83 97 176 $28,790

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 30% and 39%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Deliver and pick up medical records, lab specimens, and medications to and from hospitals and other medical facilities. Obtain signatures and payments, or arrange for recipients to make payments. Record information, such as items received and delivered and recipients' responses to messages. Receive messages or materials to be delivered, and information on recipients, such as names, addresses, telephone numbers, and delivery instructions, communicated via telephone, two-way radio, or in person. Load vehicles with listed goods, ensuring goods are loaded correctly and taking precautions with hazardous goods.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Documenting/Recording Information Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Freedom to Make Decisions [A lot of freedom] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Expression Attention to Detail Transportation Time Management Multilimb Coordination Integrity English Language Critical Thinking Near Vision Independence Writing Far Vision Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 464 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

43-5032 Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance

Occupation Description: Schedule and dispatch workers, work crews, equipment, or service vehicles for conveyance of materials, freight, or passengers, or for normal installation, service, or emergency repairs rendered outside the place of business. Duties may include using radio, telephone, or computer to transmit assignments and compiling statistics and reports on work progress. Alternate Job Title(s): Taxicab Dispatcher; Tow Truck Dispatcher; Train Dispatcher

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 749 729 -2.7 -20 256 372 608 $52,080

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor personnel or equipment locations and utilization to coordinate service and schedules. Schedule or dispatch workers, work crews, equipment, or service vehicles to appropriate locations, according to customer requests, specifications, or needs, using radios or telephones. Oversee all communications within specifically assigned territories. Relay work orders, messages, or information to or from work crews, supervisors, or field inspectors, using telephones or two-way radios. Confer with customers or supervising personnel to address questions, problems, or requests for service or equipment.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Interacting With Computers

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Expression Attention to Detail Transportation Coordination Speech Recognition Stress Tolerance English Language Monitoring Speech Clarity Self Control Administration and Management Reading Comprehension Near Vision Integrity Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 465 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

49-2096 Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles

Occupation Description: Install, diagnose, or repair communications, sound, security, or navigation equipment in motor vehicles. Alternate Job Title(s): Automotive Electrician; Car Alarm Installer; Car Stereo Installer; GPS Car Navigation Installer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 73 38 -47.9 -35 20 34 19 $39,210

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Install equipment and accessories, such as stereos, navigation equipment, communication equipment, and security systems. Inspect and test electrical or electronic systems to locate and diagnose malfunctions, using visual inspections and testing instruments, such as oscilloscopes and voltmeters. Cut openings and drill holes for fixtures and equipment, using electric drills and routers. Splice wires with knives or cutting pliers, and solder connections to fixtures and equipment. Diagnose or repair problems with electronic equipment, such as sound, navigation, communication, and security equipment, in motor vehicles.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important] Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable [Every day] In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Repairing Near Vision Attention to Detail Mechanical Troubleshooting Finger Dexterity Integrity Computers and Electronics Critical Thinking Arm-Hand Steadiness Dependability Mathematics Operation Monitoring Visual Color Discrimination Initiative Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Visualization Self Control English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 466 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

49-3011 Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians

Occupation Description: Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul aircraft engines and assemblies, such as hydraulic and pneumatic systems. Excludes Avionics Technicians (49-2091). Alternate Job Title(s): Aircraft Engine Specialist; Airframe Mechanic; Flight Test Mechanic; Helicopter Engine Mechanic

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 170 185 8.815 52 82 149 $53,730

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Transportation and Warehousing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Examine and inspect aircraft components, including landing gear, hydraulic systems, and deicers to locate cracks, breaks, leaks, or other problems. Conduct routine and special inspections as required by regulations. Inspect completed work to certify that maintenance meets standards and that aircraft are ready for operation. Read and interpret maintenance manuals, service bulletins, and other specifications to determine the feasibility and method of repairing or replacing malfunctioning or damaged components. Maintain repair logs, documenting all preventive and corrective aircraft maintenance.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Documenting/Recording Information Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Repairing Written Comprehension Attention to Detail Mechanical Equipment Maintenance Finger Dexterity Integrity English Language Troubleshooting Information Ordering Dependability Engineering and Technology Operation Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Persistence Customer and Personal Service Quality Control Analysis Control Precision Self Control Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None None

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 467 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

49-3021 Automotive Body and Related Repairers

Occupation Description: Repair and refinish automotive vehicle bodies and straighten vehicle frames. Excludes Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers (49-3022) and Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders (51-9124). Alternate Job Title(s): Auto Body Customizer; Auto Bumper Straightener; Truck Body Repairer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 643 670 4.227 212 335 574 $52,330

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration). Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Other Services (except Public Administration). The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks File, grind, sand, and smooth filled or repaired surfaces, using power tools and hand tools. Inspect repaired vehicles for proper functioning, completion of work, dimensional accuracy, and overall appearance of paint job, and test-drive vehicles to ensure proper alignment and handling. Fit and weld replacement parts into place, using wrenches and welding equipment, and grind down welds to smooth them, using power grinders and other tools. Prime and paint repaired surfaces, using paint sprayguns and motorized sanders. Follow supervisors' instructions as to which parts to restore or replace and how much time the job should take.

Top Generalized Work Activities Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge Getting Information Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Exposed to Contaminants [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Repairing Arm-Hand Steadiness Attention to Detail Mechanical Troubleshooting Manual Dexterity Dependability Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Visualization Integrity Production and Processing Monitoring Near Vision Achievement/Effort Mathematics Operation Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Innovation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 468 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

49-3022 Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers

Occupation Description: Replace or repair broken windshields and window glass in motor vehicles. Alternate Job Title(s): Auto Glass Mechanic; Automotive Glazier; Windshield Installer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 84 83 -1.2 -1 22 54 75 $46,850

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Other Services (except Public Administration). The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 20% and 29%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Prime all scratches on pinchwelds with primer and allow to dry. Remove all dirt, foreign matter, and loose glass from damaged areas, apply primer along windshield or window edges, and allow primer to dry. Allow all glass parts installed with urethane ample time to cure, taking temperature and humidity into account. Apply a bead of urethane around the perimeter of each pinchweld and dress the remaining urethane on the pinchwelds so that it is of uniform level and thickness. Select appropriate tools, safety equipment, and parts, according to job requirements.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing General Physical Activities Handling and Moving Objects Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Installation Near Vision Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Speaking Manual Dexterity Dependability Mechanical Equipment Selection Static Strength Integrity English Language Multilimb Coordination Independence Extent Flexibility Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 469 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

49-3023 Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics

Occupation Description: Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul automotive vehicles. Excludes Automotive Body and Related Repairers (49- 3021), Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists (49-3031), and Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles (49-2096). Alternate Job Title(s): Auto Transmission Specialist; Automotive Brake Technician; Automotive Fuel Injection Servicer; Hybrid Car Mechanic

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 2,666 2,611 -2.1 -55 736 1,556 2,237 $47,530

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 10% and 19%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Test drive vehicles and test components and systems, using equipment such as infrared engine analyzers, compression gauges, and computerized diagnostic devices. Inspect vehicles for damage and record findings so that necessary repairs can be made. Test and adjust repaired systems to meet manufacturers' performance specifications. Repair, reline, replace, and adjust brakes. Estimate costs of vehicle repair.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Exposed to Contaminants [Every day] Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable [Every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Repairing Arm-Hand Steadiness Attention to Detail Mechanical Troubleshooting Finger Dexterity Dependability Customer and Personal Service Operation Monitoring Control Precision Integrity Computers and Electronics Operation and Control Manual Dexterity Persistence English Language Equipment Maintenance Near Vision Independence Engineering and Technology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 470 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

49-3031 Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists

Occupation Description: Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul buses and trucks, or maintain and repair any type of diesel engines. Includes mechanics working primarily with automobile or marine diesel engines. Alternate Job Title(s): Biodiesel Engine Specialist; Marine Diesel Technician; School Bus Mechanic; Tractor Trailer Mechanic

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,569 1,596 1.727 423 877 1,327 $56,040

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Wholesale Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Inspect brake systems, steering mechanisms, wheel bearings, and other important parts to ensure that they are in proper operating condition. Use handtools, such as screwdrivers, pliers, wrenches, pressure gauges, or precision instruments, as well as power tools, such as pneumatic wrenches, lathes, welding equipment, or jacks and hoists. Adjust and reline brakes, align wheels, tighten bolts and screws, and reassemble equipment. Examine and adjust protective guards, loose bolts, and specified safety devices. Perform routine maintenance such as changing oil, checking batteries, and lubricating equipment and machinery.

Top Generalized Work Activities Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment Getting Information Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Exposed to Contaminants [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Repairing Near Vision Attention to Detail Mechanical Troubleshooting Problem Sensitivity Adaptability/Flexibility Transportation Operation Monitoring Finger Dexterity Dependability Customer and Personal Service Operation and Control Manual Dexterity Stress Tolerance Public Safety and Security Equipment Maintenance Control Precision Analytical Thinking English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 471 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

49-3042 Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines

Occupation Description: Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul mobile mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic equipment, such as cranes, bulldozers, graders, and conveyors, used in construction, logging, and mining. Excludes Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists (49-3031) and Rail Car Repairers (49-3043). Alternate Job Title(s): Bulldozer Mechanic; Construction Equipment Mechanic; Forklift Mechanic

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,291 1,289 -0.2 -2 399 742 1,139 $62,530

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Repair and replace damaged or worn parts. Test mechanical products and equipment after repair or assembly to ensure proper performance and compliance with manufacturers' specifications. Operate and inspect machines or heavy equipment to diagnose defects. Read and understand operating manuals, blueprints, and technical drawings. Dismantle and reassemble heavy equipment using hoists and hand tools.

Top Generalized Work Activities Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Exposed to Contaminants [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Troubleshooting Manual Dexterity Attention to Detail Mechanical Repairing Control Precision Dependability Customer and Personal Service Equipment Maintenance Extent Flexibility Integrity Mathematics Operation Monitoring Near Vision Independence Computers and Electronics Operation and Control Finger Dexterity Analytical Thinking Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 472 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

49-3051 Motorboat Mechanics and Service Technicians

Occupation Description: Repair and adjust electrical and mechanical equipment of inboard or inboard-outboard boat engines. Excludes Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists (49-3031). Alternate Job Title(s): Certified Marine Mechanic; Outboard Motor Mechanic

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 122 131 7.49 55 65 129 $48,660

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Start motors and monitor performance for signs of malfunctioning, such as smoke, excessive vibration, or misfiring. Document inspection and test results and work performed or to be performed. Mount motors to boats and operate boats at various speeds on waterways to conduct operational tests. Repair engine mechanical equipment, such as power tilts, bilge pumps, or power take-offs. Perform routine engine maintenance on motorboats, such as changing oil and filters.

Top Generalized Work Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Handling and Moving Objects Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] In an Open Vehicle or Equipment [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Repairing Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Mechanical Equipment Maintenance Inductive Reasoning Dependability Customer and Personal Service Troubleshooting Arm-Hand Steadiness Independence Computers and Electronics Operation and Control Deductive Reasoning Initiative English Language Operation Monitoring Manual Dexterity Integrity Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 473 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

49-3052 Motorcycle Mechanics

Occupation Description: Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul motorcycles, scooters, mopeds, dirt bikes, or similar motorized vehicles. Alternate Job Title(s): All Terrain Vehicle Technician; Motor Scooter Mechanic; Motorcycle Service Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 82 88 7.36 37 43 86 $39,130

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Mount, balance, change, or check condition or pressure of tires. Listen to engines, examine vehicle frames, or confer with customers to determine nature and extent of malfunction or damage. Replace defective parts, using hand tools, arbor presses, flexible power presses, or power tools. Repair or adjust motorcycle subassemblies, such as forks, transmissions, brakes, or drive chains, according to specifications. Repair or replace other parts, such as headlights, horns, handlebar controls, gasoline or oil tanks, starters, or mufflers.

Top Generalized Work Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Repairing Manual Dexterity Attention to Detail Mechanical Troubleshooting Hearing Sensitivity Dependability Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Deductive Reasoning Independence Computers and Electronics Critical Thinking Near Vision Integrity Mathematics Complex Problem Solving Finger Dexterity Analytical Thinking English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 474 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

49-3091 Bicycle Repairers

Occupation Description: Repair and service bicycles. Alternate Job Title(s): Bicycle Mechanic; Bicycle Service Technician

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 104 125 20.2 21 37 80 138 N/A

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 15.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 84.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Retail Trade.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Install and adjust brakes and brake pads. Help customers select bicycles that fit their body sizes and intended bicycle uses. Align wheels. Assemble new bicycles. Sell bicycles and accessories.

Top Generalized Work Activities Selling or Influencing Others Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Telephone [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Frequency of Decision Making [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Repairing Near Vision Attention to Detail Mechanical Critical Thinking Finger Dexterity Analytical Thinking Customer and Personal Service Troubleshooting Visualization Self Control Sales and Marketing Active Listening Arm-Hand Steadiness Dependability English Language Equipment Maintenance Manual Dexterity Cooperation Engineering and Technology

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 475 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

49-3092 Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians

Occupation Description: Diagnose, inspect, adjust, repair, or overhaul recreational vehicles including travel trailers. May specialize in maintaining gas, electrical, hydraulic, plumbing, or chassis/towing systems as well as repairing generators, appliances, and interior components. Includes workers who perform customized van conversions. Excludes Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics (49-3023) and Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists (49-3031) who also work on recreation vehicles. Alternate Job Title(s): Recreational Vehicle (RV) Repairer; RV Mechanic

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 76 83 9.27 26 55 88 $48,440

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Explain proper operation of vehicle systems to customers. Locate and repair frayed wiring, broken connections, or incorrect wiring, using ohmmeters, soldering irons, tape, or hand tools. Confer with customers, read work orders, or examine vehicles needing repair to determine the nature and extent of damage. Repair plumbing or propane gas lines, using caulking compounds and plastic or copper pipe. Examine or test operation of parts or systems to ensure completeness of repairs.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Standing [More than half the time] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Once a week or more but not every day] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [More than half the time]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Repairing Near Vision Attention to Detail Mechanical Troubleshooting Oral Comprehension Dependability Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Integrity Administration and Management Speaking Oral Expression Cooperation Critical Thinking Manual Dexterity Independence

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 476 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

49-3093 Tire Repairers and Changers

Occupation Description: Repair and replace tires. Alternate Job Title(s): Tire Balancer; Tire Fixer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 345 352 2.07 114 242 363 $29,970

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Raise vehicles, using hydraulic jacks. Remount wheels onto vehicles. Unbolt and remove wheels from vehicles, using lug wrenches or other hand or power tools. Identify tire size and ply and inflate tires accordingly. Place wheels on balancing machines to determine counterweights required to balance wheels.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Time Management Trunk Strength Attention to Detail Mechanical Service Orientation Manual Dexterity Dependability Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Multilimb Coordination Integrity Administration and Management Active Listening Static Strength Independence Sales and Marketing Speaking Near Vision Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 477 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-2012 Commercial Pilots

Occupation Description: Pilot and navigate the flight of fixed-wing aircraft on nonscheduled air carrier routes, or helicopters. Requires Commercial Pilot certificate. Includes charter pilots with similar certification, and air ambulance and air tour pilots. Excludes regional, national, and international airline pilots. Excludes Electro-Mechanical and Mechatronics Technologists and Technicians (17-3024). Alternate Job Title(s): Aerial Crop Duster; Charter Pilot (Commercial Pilot Certificate Required); Flight Instructor (Commercial Pilots); Helicopter Pilot

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 262 294 12.232 82 175 289 $96,110

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 11.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 88.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Use instrumentation to pilot aircraft when visibility is poor. Start engines, operate controls, and pilot airplanes to transport passengers, mail, or freight according to flight plans, regulations, and procedures. Monitor engine operation, fuel consumption, and functioning of aircraft systems during flights. Check aircraft prior to flights to ensure that the engines, controls, instruments, and other systems are functioning properly. Consider airport altitudes, outside temperatures, plane weights, and wind speeds and directions to calculate the speed needed to become airborne.

Top Generalized Work Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Getting Information Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Problem Sensitivity Dependability Transportation Operation Monitoring Near Vision Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Far Vision Cooperation Geography Monitoring Control Precision Self Control English Language Active Listening Response Orientation Stress Tolerance Public Safety and Security

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 478 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-2021 Air Traffic Controllers

Occupation Description: Control air traffic on and within vicinity of airport, and movement of air traffic between altitude sectors and control centers, according to established procedures and policies. Authorize, regulate, and control commercial airline flights according to government or company regulations to expedite and ensure flight safety. Alternate Job Title(s): Air Traffic Control Operator; Control Tower Operator; Enroute Controller

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 113 116 2.73 22 70 95 $88,080

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 3.2% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 96.8%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Government.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Inform pilots about nearby planes or potentially hazardous conditions, such as weather, speed and direction of wind, or visibility problems. Issue landing and take-off authorizations or instructions. Provide flight path changes or directions to emergency landing fields for pilots traveling in bad weather or in emergency situations. Transfer control of departing flights to traffic control centers and accept control of arriving flights. Alert airport emergency services in cases of emergency or when aircraft are experiencing difficulties.

Top Generalized Work Activities Making Decisions and Solving Problems Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Frequency of Decision Making [Every day] Indoors, Environmentally Controlled [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Stress Tolerance Transportation Speaking Oral Expression Attention to Detail English Language Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension Dependability Public Safety and Security Judgment and Decision Making Selective Attention Adaptability/Flexibility Education and Training Complex Problem Solving Deductive Reasoning Persistence Customer and Personal Service

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Associate's degree None Long-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 479 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-3011 Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Technicians

Occupation Description: Drive ambulance or assist ambulance driver in transporting sick, injured, or convalescent persons. Assist in lifting patients. Alternate Job Title(s): Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Driver

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 242 266 9.924 86 167 277 $29,210

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 8.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 91.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Health Care and Social Assistance. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Remove and replace soiled linens or equipment to maintain sanitary conditions. Drive ambulances or assist ambulance drivers in transporting sick, injured, or convalescent persons. Report facts concerning accidents or emergencies to hospital personnel or law enforcement officials. Place patients on stretchers and load stretchers into ambulances, usually with assistance from other attendants. Accompany and assist emergency medical technicians on calls.

Top Generalized Work Activities Assisting and Caring for Others Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Responsible for Others' Health and Safety [Very high responsibility] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Critical Thinking Problem Sensitivity Dependability Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Oral Comprehension Concern for Others English Language Active Listening Oral Expression Self Control Public Safety and Security Social Perceptiveness Speech Recognition Attention to Detail Administration and Management Speaking Deductive Reasoning Integrity Law and Government

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 480 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-3032 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers

Occupation Description: Drive a tractor-trailer combination or a truck with a capacity of at least 26,001 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW). May be required to unload truck. Requires commercial drivers' license. Includes tow truck drivers. Excludes Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors (53-7081). Alternate Job Title(s): Auto Carrier Driver; Cement Truck Driver; Dump Truck Driver; Garbage Truck Driver

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 11,291 11,047 -2.2 -244 4,576 6,682 11,014 $53,990

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Check vehicles to ensure that mechanical, safety, and emergency equipment is in good working order. Follow appropriate safety procedures for transporting dangerous goods. Inspect loads to ensure that cargo is secure. Maintain logs of working hours or of vehicle service or repair status, following applicable state and federal regulations. Secure cargo for transport, using ropes, blocks, chain, binders, or covers.

Top Generalized Work Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment [Every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Once a week or more but not every day] Time Pressure [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Far Vision Dependability Transportation Operation Monitoring Control Precision Self Control Public Safety and Security Time Management Reaction Time Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Near Vision Integrity English Language Speaking Response Orientation Stress Tolerance Mechanical

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training Postsecondary nondegree award None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 481 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-3033 Light Truck Drivers

Occupation Description: Drive a light vehicle, such as a truck or van, with a capacity of less than 26,001 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW), primarily to pick up merchandise or packages from a distribution center and deliver. May load and unload vehicle. Excludes Couriers and Messengers (43-5021) and Driver/Sales Workers (53-3031). Alternate Job Title(s): Grocery Light Truck Driver; Parcel Truck Driver

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 2,291 2,580 12.6289 998 1,457 2,744 $43,410

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 10.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 89.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Transportation and Warehousing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Obey traffic laws and follow established traffic and transportation procedures. Turn in receipts and money received from deliveries. Read maps and follow written or verbal geographic directions. Verify the contents of inventory loads against shipping papers. Load and unload trucks, vans, or automobiles.

Top Generalized Work Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Getting Information Handling and Moving Objects

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment [Every day] Time Pressure [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Far Vision Dependability Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Spatial Orientation Cooperation Transportation Speaking Multilimb Coordination Attention to Detail Law and Government Monitoring Static Strength Integrity Reading Comprehension Near Vision Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 482 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-3052 Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity

Occupation Description: Drive bus or motor coach, including regular route operations, charters, and private carriage. May assist passengers with baggage. May collect fares or tickets. Alternate Job Title(s): Motor Coach Bus Driver; Public Transit Bus Driver

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 284 320 12.736 230 116 382 $35,620

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 9.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 90.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Transportation and Warehousing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally between 20% and 29%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Drive vehicles over specified routes or to specified destinations according to time schedules, complying with traffic regulations to ensure that passengers have a smooth and safe ride. Inspect vehicles and check gas, oil, and water levels prior to departure. Park vehicles at loading areas so that passengers can board. Announce stops to passengers. Assist passengers, such as elderly or disabled individuals, on and off bus, ensure they are seated properly, help carry baggage, and answer questions about bus schedules or routes.

Top Generalized Work Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Spend Time Sitting [Continually or almost continually] In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment [Every day] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Far Vision Dependability Transportation Operation Monitoring Control Precision Self Control Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Depth Perception Cooperation Public Safety and Security Active Listening Multilimb Coordination Concern for Others English Language Critical Thinking Spatial Orientation Attention to Detail Law and Government

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 483 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-4013 Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey Operators, and Hostlers

Occupation Description: Drive switching or other locomotive or dinkey engines within railroad yard, industrial plant, quarry, construction project, or similar location. Alternate Job Title(s): Coal Tram Driver; Railcar Switcher

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 67 66 -1.5 -1 14 36 49 $49,410

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Confer with conductors and other workers via radiotelephones or computers to exchange switching information. Signal crew members for movement of engines or trains, using lanterns, hand signals, radios, or telephones. Observe and respond to wayside and cab signals, including color light signals, position signals, torpedoes, flags, and hot box detectors. Drive engines within railroad yards or other establishments to couple, uncouple, or switch railroad cars. Inspect engines before and after use to ensure proper operation.

Top Generalized Work Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Controlling Machines and Processes

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Responsible for Others' Health and Safety [Very high responsibility] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Transportation Operation Monitoring Oral Comprehension Dependability Public Safety and Security Complex Problem Solving Visual Color Discrimination Self Control English Language Speaking Control Precision Integrity Telecommunications Quality Control Analysis Depth Perception Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 484 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-6021 Parking Attendants

Occupation Description: Park vehicles or issue tickets for customers in a parking lot or garage. May park or tend vehicles in environments such as a car dealership or rental car facility. May collect fee. Alternate Job Title(s): Parking Ramp Attendant; Valet Parker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 123 132 7.39 60 119 188 $27,290

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Educational Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Health Care and Social Assistance.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Take numbered tags from customers, locate vehicles, and deliver vehicles, or provide customers with instructions for locating vehicles. Inspect vehicles to detect any damage. Greet customers and open their car doors. Issue ticket stubs or place numbered tags on windshields, log tags or attach tag to customers' keys, and give customers matching tags for locating parked vehicles. Perform cash handling tasks, such as making change, balancing and recording cash drawer, or distributing tips.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing for or Working Directly with the Public Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Contact With Others [Constant contact with others] Face-to-Face Discussions [Once a week or more but not every day] Deal With External Customers [Very important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Far Vision Integrity Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Oral Comprehension Self Control English Language Active Listening Speech Recognition Dependability Transportation Social Perceptiveness Oral Expression Stress Tolerance Near Vision Independence

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 485 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-6031 Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants

Occupation Description: Service automobiles, buses, trucks, boats, and other automotive or marine vehicles with fuel, lubricants, and accessories. Collect payment for services and supplies. May lubricate vehicle, change motor oil, refill antifreeze, or replace lights or other accessories, such as windshield wiper blades or fan belts. May repair or replace tires. Excludes Cashiers (41-2011). Alternate Job Title(s): Gas and Oil Servicer; Gas Pump Attendant; Service Station Attendant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 250 259 3.69 115 225 349 $30,870

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Other Services (except Public Administration). The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Collect cash payments from customers and make change or charge purchases to customers' credit cards and provide customers with receipts. Check tire pressure and levels of fuel, motor oil, transmission, radiator, battery, or other fluids, adding air or fluids as required. Perform minor repairs, such as adjusting brakes, replacing spark plugs, or changing engine oil or filters. Clean parking areas, offices, restrooms, or equipment and remove trash. Order stock and price and shelve incoming goods.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Controlling Machines and Processes Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Telephone [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Oral Expression Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Comprehension Self Control Mechanical Speaking Trunk Strength Dependability Sales and Marketing Time Management Control Precision Analytical Thinking Administration and Management Service Orientation Near Vision Integrity Mathematics

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 486 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-6061 Passenger Attendants

Occupation Description: Provide services to ensure the safety of passengers aboard ships, buses, trains, or within the station or terminal. Perform duties such as explaining the use of safety equipment, serving meals or beverages, or answering questions related to travel. Excludes Baggage Porters and Bellhops (39-6011) and Flight Attendants (53-2031). Alternate Job Title(s): Ship Steward; Train Attendant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 72 76 5.64 61 32 97 $34,740

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.1% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.9%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Secure passengers for transportation by buckling seatbelts or fastening wheelchairs with tie-down straps. Provide boarding assistance to elderly, sick, or injured people. Respond to passengers' questions, requests, or complaints. Determine or facilitate seating arrangements.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships Assisting and Caring for Others

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Physical Proximity [Very close (near touching)] Contact With Others [Contact with others most of the time] Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Enterprising

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Service Orientation Oral Comprehension Dependability Transportation Active Listening Oral Expression Self Control English Language Speaking Speech Clarity Stress Tolerance Public Safety and Security Social Perceptiveness Speech Recognition Concern for Others Customer and Personal Service Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Integrity

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 487 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-7051 Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators

Occupation Description: Operate industrial trucks or tractors equipped to move materials around a warehouse, storage yard, factory, construction site, or similar location. Excludes Logging Equipment Operators (45-4022). Alternate Job Title(s): Forklift Operator; Stacker Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,425 1,709 19.9284 448 1,075 1,807 $41,910

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 15.7% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 84.3%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Manufacturing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Transportation and Warehousing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Move levers or controls that operate lifting devices, such as forklifts, lift beams with swivel-hooks, hoists, or elevating platforms, to load, unload, transport, or stack material. Inspect product load for accuracy and safely move it around the warehouse or facility to ensure timely and complete delivery. Manually or mechanically load or unload materials from pallets, skids, platforms, cars, lifting devices, or other transport vehicles. Position lifting devices under, over, or around loaded pallets, skids, or boxes and secure material or products for transport to designated areas. Weigh materials or products and record weight or other production data on tags or labels.

Top Generalized Work Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable [Every day] Time Pressure [Every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Extremely important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Control Precision Attention to Detail Public Safety and Security Operation Monitoring Multilimb Coordination Self Control English Language Coordination Response Orientation Concern for Others Customer and Personal Service Equipment Maintenance Far Vision Dependability Production and Processing Time Management Manual Dexterity Integrity

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 488 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-7061 Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment

Occupation Description: Wash or otherwise clean vehicles, machinery, and other equipment. Use such materials as water, cleaning agents, brushes, cloths, and hoses. Excludes Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners (37-2011). Alternate Job Title(s): Aircraft Cleaner; Auto Detailer; Car Wash Attendant

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,329 1,408 5.979 644 1,081 1,804 $31,670

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 4.4% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 95.6%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Other Services (except Public Administration). The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Clean and polish vehicle windows. Scrub, scrape, or spray machine parts, equipment, or vehicles, using scrapers, brushes, clothes, cleaners, disinfectants, insecticides, acid, abrasives, vacuums, or hoses. Apply paints, dyes, polishes, reconditioners, waxes, or masking materials to vehicles to preserve, protect, or restore color or condition. Inspect parts, equipment, or vehicles for cleanliness, damage, and compliance with standards or regulations. Maintain inventories of supplies.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Performing General Physical Activities Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Spend Time Standing [Continually or almost continually] Time Pressure [Once a week or more but not every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation and Control Near Vision Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Quality Control Analysis Multilimb Coordination Dependability Manual Dexterity Independence Problem Sensitivity Integrity Cooperation

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 489 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-7062 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand

Occupation Description: Manually move freight, stock, luggage, or other materials, or perform other general labor. Includes all manual laborers not elsewhere classified. Excludes Construction Laborers (47-2061) and Helpers, Construction Trades (47- 3011 through 47-3019). Excludes Material Moving Workers (53-7011 through 53-7199) who use power equipment. Alternate Job Title(s): Cargo Handler; Wharf Laborer

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 6,559 7,248 10.5689 2,962 5,372 9,023 $35,500

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7.6% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92.4%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Transportation and Warehousing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Move freight, stock, or other materials to and from storage or production areas, loading docks, delivery vehicles, ships, or containers, by hand or using trucks, tractors, or other equipment. Sort cargo before loading and unloading. Attach identifying tags to containers or mark them with identifying information. Read work orders or receive oral instructions to determine work assignments or material or equipment needs.

Top Generalized Work Activities Performing General Physical Activities Handling and Moving Objects Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Work With Work Group or Team [Extremely important] Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls [Continually or almost continually]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge [information not available] Static Strength Dependability [information not available] Trunk Strength Stress Tolerance Multilimb Coordination Achievement/Effort Control Precision Integrity Near Vision Attention to Detail

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 490 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-7064 Packers and Packagers, Hand

Occupation Description: Pack or package by hand a wide variety of products and materials. Alternate Job Title(s): Egg Packer; Gift Wrapper; Grocery Store Bagger

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 599 619 3.320 342 426 788 $25,140

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Examine and inspect containers, materials, or products to ensure that product quality and packing specifications are met. Measure, weigh, and count products and materials. Record product, packaging, and order information on specified forms and records. Seal containers or materials, using glues, fasteners, nails, and hand tools. Assemble, line, and pad cartons, crates, and containers, using hand tools.

Top Generalized Work Activities Getting Information Handling and Moving Objects Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Once a week or more but not every day] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Very important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Monitoring Near Vision Attention to Detail Production and Processing Problem Sensitivity Cooperation Customer and Personal Service Trunk Strength Integrity Oral Comprehension Initiative Manual Dexterity Dependability

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 491 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-7065 Stockers and Order Fillers

Occupation Description: Receive, store, and issue merchandise, materials, equipment, and other items from stockroom, warehouse, or storage yard to fill shelves, racks, tables, or customers' orders. May operate power equipment to fill orders. May mark prices on merchandise and set up sales displays. Excludes Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks (43- 5071), Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand (53-7062), and Packers and Packagers, Hand (53- 7064). Alternate Job Title(s): Night Stocker; Store Stocker; Warehouse Stocker

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 5,098 5,276 3.5178 2,543 3,587 6,308 $30,760

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 2.8% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 97.2%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Retail Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Retail Trade. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Complete order receipts. Obtain merchandise from bins or shelves. Read orders to ascertain catalog numbers, sizes, colors, and quantities of merchandise. Pack and unpack items to be stocked on shelves in stockrooms, warehouses, or storage yards. Store items in an orderly and accessible manner in warehouses, tool rooms, supply rooms, or other areas.

Top Generalized Work Activities Handling and Moving Objects Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Contact With Others [Contact with others most of the time] Importance of Being Exact or Accurate [Very important]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Conventional

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Speaking Oral Expression Attention to Detail Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Near Vision Dependability Oral Comprehension Cooperation Information Ordering Integrity Speech Clarity Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 492 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-7071 Gas Compressor and Gas Pumping Station Operators

Occupation Description: Operate steam-, gas-, electric motor-, or internal combustion-engine driven compressors. Transmit, compress, or recover gases, such as butane, nitrogen, hydrogen, and natural gas. Alternate Job Title(s): Butane Compressor Operator; Gas Cylinder Processor; Liquid Natural Gas Plant Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 178 193 8.415 55 136 206 $64,340

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 7.3% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 92.7%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Transportation and Warehousing. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Transportation and Warehousing.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor meters and pressure gauges to determine consumption rate variations, temperatures, and pressures. Respond to problems by adjusting control room equipment or instructing other personnel to adjust equipment at problem locations or in other control areas. Record instrument readings and operational changes in operating logs. Adjust valves and equipment to obtain specified performance. Move controls and turn valves to start compressor engines, pumps, and auxiliary equipment.

Top Generalized Work Activities Documenting/Recording Information Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment Controlling Machines and Processes

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Electronic Mail [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Finger Dexterity Dependability Production and Processing Operation and Control Manual Dexterity Stress Tolerance Mechanical Critical Thinking Arm-Hand Steadiness Integrity Public Safety and Security Active Listening Problem Sensitivity Attention to Detail Administration and Management Reading Comprehension Near Vision Persistence Chemistry

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 493 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-7072 Pump Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers

Occupation Description: Tend, control, or operate power-driven, stationary, or portable pumps and manifold systems to transfer gases, oil, other liquids, slurries, or powdered materials to and from various vessels and processes. Alternate Job Title(s): Brewery Pumper; Fluid Pump Operator

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 684 698 2.014 205 505 724 $46,420

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 1.9% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 98.1%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Construction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor gauges and flowmeters and inspect equipment to ensure that tank levels, temperatures, chemical amounts, and pressures are at specified levels, reporting abnormalities as necessary. Record operating data such as products and quantities pumped, stocks used, gauging results, and operating times. Communicate with other workers, using signals, radios, or telephones, to start and stop flows of materials or substances. Tend vessels that store substances such as gases, liquids, slurries, or powdered materials, checking levels of substances by using calibrated rods or by reading mercury gauges and tank charts. Turn valves and start pumps to start or regulate flows of substances such as gases, liquids, slurries, or powdered materials.

Top Generalized Work Activities Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable [Every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Stress Tolerance Public Safety and Security Monitoring Perceptual Speed Dependability Mechanical Operation and Control Oral Comprehension Cooperation Production and Processing Critical Thinking Near Vision Self Control Computers and Electronics Writing Oral Expression Adaptability/Flexibility English Language

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 494 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-7073 Wellhead Pumpers

Occupation Description: Operate power pumps and auxiliary equipment to produce flow of oil or gas from wells in oil field. Alternate Job Title(s): Oil Well Pumper

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 1,138 1,081 -5.0 -57 329 812 1,084 $57,680

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 0% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 100%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Monitor pumps and flow lines for gas and fluid leaks. Gauge oil and gas production. Start compressor engines and divert oil from storage tanks into compressor units and auxiliary equipment to recover natural gas from oil. Monitor control panels during pumping operations to ensure that materials are being pumped at the correct pressure, density, rate, and concentration. Operate engines and pumps to shut off wells according to production schedules, and to switch flow of oil into storage tanks.

Top Generalized Work Activities Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Documenting/Recording Information Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Exposed to Contaminants [Every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Dependability Mechanical Operation and Control Near Vision Attention to Detail Mathematics Repairing Control Precision Integrity Equipment Maintenance Information Ordering Initiative Judgment and Decision Making Reaction Time Self Control

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 495 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION CAREER CLUSTER: Transportation, Distribution and Logistics

53-7121 Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders

Occupation Description: Load and unload chemicals and bulk solids, such as coal, sand, and grain, into or from tank cars, trucks, or ships, using material moving equipment. May perform a variety of other tasks relating to shipment of products. May gauge or sample shipping tanks and test them for leaks. Alternate Job Title(s): Barge Loader; Rail Car Loader; Ship Unloader

Labor [1] Force Occupational Average 2019 2029 Percent Numeric + Exit + Transfer = Total 2019 Estimate Projection Change Change Openings Openings Openings Wages 710 766 7.956 284 523 863 $50,680

Of this occupation's projected total openings, 6.5% will result in employment opportunities due to growth needs while replacement needs for occupational separations (labor force exits + occupational transfers) will account for 93.5%. The industry reporting the largest share of employment for this occupation is Wholesale Trade. Over the projections period, most new jobs for this occupation will occur in Manufacturing. The proportion of this occupation's employment considered self-employed (excluding agriculture) or unpaid family workers is generally less than 10%.

JOB-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Core Tasks Seal outlet valves on tank cars, barges, and trucks. Verify tank car, barge, or truck load numbers to ensure car placement accuracy based on written or verbal instructions. Start pumps and adjust valves or cables to regulate the flow of products to vessels, using knowledge of loading procedures. Check conditions and weights of vessels to ensure cleanliness and compliance with loading procedures. Observe positions of cars passing loading spouts, and swing spouts into the correct positions at the appropriate times.

Top Generalized Work Activities Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Getting Information

Top Work Context Factors [Relative Importance, Frequency, or Duration] Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets [Every day] Face-to-Face Discussions [Every day] Outdoors, Exposed to Weather [Every day]

WORKER-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Top Interest Category: Realistic

Top Skills Top AbilitiesTop Work Styles Top Knowledge Operation Monitoring Control Precision Dependability Transportation Operation and Control Multilimb Coordination Attention to Detail Production and Processing Reading Comprehension Far Vision Cooperation English Language Time Management Manual Dexterity Integrity Public Safety and Security Active Listening Rate Control Adaptability/Flexibility

Typical Entry-Level Education Related Work Experience Typical On-the-Job Training No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training

[1] Occupational wage data originate from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which excludes overtime pay and most wages not covered by the unemployment insurance program. Self-employed workers, farmers and most agriculture workers, religious workers, and private household workers account for the vast majority of non-covered OES wages. 'N/A' indicates the data or information cannot be released due to reliability, availability, or confidentiality restrictions. LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 496 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 27-10143D Animator 102 47-2061Air Hammer Operator 75

25-20214th Grade Math Teacher 183 53-2021Air Traffic Control Operator 479

43-5031911 Operator 370 53-2021Air Traffic Controllers 479

13-2011Accountants and Auditors 205 49-9012Air Valve Mechanic 92

25-1011Accounting Professor 165 53-7061Aircraft Cleaner 489

43-3031Accounts Receivable Clerk 140 49-3011Aircraft Engine Specialist 467

49-9096Acrobatic Rigger 96 53-6051Aircraft Inspector 233

25-1022Actuarial Science Professor 167 49-3011Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians 467

21-1018Addiction Counselor 324 49-3011Airframe Mechanic 467

43-9061Administrative Clerk 159 43-4181Airline Ticket Agent 317

11-3010Administrative Services and Facilities Managers 124 33-9093Airport Baggage Screener 228

11-1011Admiral 122 33-9093Airport Security Screener 228

21-1012Admissions Counselor 164 21-1018Alcohol and Drug Counselor 324

47-2021Adobe Layer 70 49-3052All Terrain Vehicle Technician 474

25-3011Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary 192 51-6052Alterations Tailor 342 Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors 51-4072Aluminum Molding Machine Operator 403

25-3011Adult Education Teacher 192 51-4033Aluminum Polisher 401

25-3011Adult English as a Second Language (ESL) Teacher 192 53-3011Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except 480 Emergency Medical Technicians 25-3011Adult Literacy Instructor 192 27-3091American Sign Language Interpreter 202 25-1072Advanced Nursing Professor 174 39-3091Amusement and Recreation Attendants 309 41-3011Advertising Account Executive 437 29-1071Anesthesiologist Assistant 241 13-1161Advertising Analyst 428 39-2021Animal Caretakers 41 27-3043Advertising Copy Writer 112 11-9013Animal Husbandry Manager 29 27-3041Advertising Editor 110 39-2021Animal Shelter Worker 41 41-3011Advertising Sales Agents 437 29-1131Animal Surgeon 247 53-2012Aerial Crop Duster 478 39-2011Animal Trainers 306 27-4021Aerial Photographer 116 51-2028Anode Builder 395 39-9031Aerobics Instructor 339 19-3091Anthropologists and Archeologists 458 17-3013Aeronautical Drafter 373 11-9141Apartment Manager 427 25-1032Aeronautical Engineering Professor 168 41-9022Apartment Rental Agent 442 19-4010Agricultural and Food Science Technicians 34 29-1051Apothecary 240 45-2091Agricultural Equipment Operators 44 15-1211Applications Analyst 343 25-9021Agricultural Extension Educator 197 15-1251Applications Programmer 350 45-2011Agricultural Inspectors 231 43-4171Appointment Clerk 150 11-9121Agricultural Research Director 30 25-1041Aquaculture and Fisheries Professor 169 25-1041Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary 169 19-1013Arboreal Scientist 32 25-1041Agronomy Professor 169

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 497 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 51-4121Arc Welder 405 49-3023Automotive Brake Technician 470

39-3091Arcade Attendant 309 17-3013Automotive Design Drafter 373

49-9091Arcade Games Mechanic 393 49-2096Automotive Electrician 466

17-1011Architects, Except Landscape and Naval 58 49-3023Automotive Fuel Injection Servicer 470

17-3011Architectural and Civil Drafters 62 49-3022Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers 469

11-9041Architectural and Engineering Managers 445 49-3022Automotive Glazier 469

49-2092Armature Rewinder 382 51-4041Automotive Machinist 402

27-1011Art Directors 101 49-3023Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics 470

25-1121Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary 176 41-2021Automotive Service Writer 434

29-2091Artificial Limb Fitter 267 25-1194Automotive Technology Instructor 180

51-9023Asphalt Blender 412 25-1042Bacteriology Professor 170

47-2071Asphalt Roller Operator 76 19-4021Bacteriology Technician 35

19-4031Assayer 377 51-3011Bagel Maker 318

51-1011Assembly Line Supervisor 394 39-6011Baggage Porters and Bellhops 310

25-9044Assistant Instructor 199 33-3011Bailiffs 362

27-2023Athletic Events Scorer 287 51-3011Bakers 318

29-9091Athletic Trainers 268 25-1121Ballet Professor 176

49-2011ATM Servicer 381 11-3031Bank Branch Manager 203

19-2021Atmospheric and Space Scientists 454 13-2061Bank Examiner 223

19-2021Atmospheric Chemist 454 33-9032Bank Guard 368

23-1011Attorney 354 43-4141Banking Services Clerk 147

39-9011Au Pair 338 35-2014Banquet Cook 292

27-4011Audio and Video Technicians 114 11-9051Banquet Director 285

49-2097Audiovisual Equipment Installers and Repairers 385 35-1012Banquet Supervisor 289

49-3021Auto Body Customizer 468 35-9011Bar Back 299

49-3021Auto Bumper Straightener 468 35-1012Bar Manager 289

53-3032Auto Carrier Driver 481 39-5011Barber Apprentice 334

53-7061Auto Detailer 489 39-5011Barbers 334

49-3022Auto Glass Mechanic 469 53-7121Barge Loader 496

51-9124Auto Painter 419 35-3023Barista 296

41-2022Auto Parts Salesperson 435 35-3011Barkeep 295

49-3023Auto Transmission Specialist 470 35-3011Bartenders 295

13-2053Automobile and Property Underwriter 209 27-2022Baseball Scout 201

49-1011Automobile Body Repair Supervisor 380 51-2028Battery Builder 395

49-9098Automobile Body Repairer Helper 97 33-9092Beach Lifeguard 369

53-6031Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants 486 39-5012Beautician 335

49-3021Automotive Body and Related Repairers 468 11-9081Bed and Breakfast Innkeeper 286

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 498 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 39-6011Bellstaff 310 43-3031Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 140

51-9021Beveling and Edging Machine Operator 411 53-7021Boom Crane Operator 100

49-3091Bicycle Mechanic 475 33-3051Border Patrol Officer 366

43-5021Bicycle Messenger 464 25-1042Botany Professor 170

49-3091Bicycle Repairers 475 51-9111Bottle Capper 418

49-3091Bicycle Service Technician 475 33-9032Bouncer 368

25-2012Bilingual Education Kindergarten Teacher 182 27-2022Boxing Coach 201

43-3011Bill and Account Collectors 214 43-4121Braille and Talking Books Clerk 146

43-3021Billing and Posting Clerks 462 51-3011Bread Baker 318

25-1042Biochemistry Professor 170 53-7072Brewery Pumper 494

49-3031Biodiesel Engine Specialist 471 51-9012Brewmaster 410

25-1042Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary 170 47-3011Brick Carrier 89

19-4021Biological Technicians 35 47-2021Brick Chimney Builder 70

49-9062Biomedical Equipment Technician 390 47-3011Brick Washer 89

15-2041Biostatistician 446 47-2021Brickmasons and Blockmasons 70

45-3031Bird Trapper 47 17-2051Bridge Engineer 61

39-3011Blackjack Dealer 307 47-2221Bridge Ironworker 88

47-2071Blacktop-Paver Operator 76 47-2141Bridge Painter 83

51-9198Blending Tank Helper 423 27-3011Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys 108

31-1120Blind Escort 269 27-4012Broadcast Engineer 115

51-6031Blind Stitch Machine Operator 406 27-4012Broadcast Technicians 115

29-2010Blood Bank Laboratory Technologist 253 43-4011Brokerage Clerks 216

51-4072Blow Mold Operator 403 13-2031Budget Analysts 206

35-3041Boat Hop 298 13-2031Budget Examiner 206

33-9032Bodyguard 368 13-2031Budget Officer 206

47-2132Boiler Coverer 82 17-1011Building Architect 58

51-8021Boiler Engineer 99 17-1011Building Architectural Designer 58

47-2011Boiler Installer 69 47-2031Building Carpenter 71

47-2011Boiler Mechanic 69 37-1011Building Cleaning Supervisor 302

51-8021Boiler Room Operator 99 17-3011Building Drafter 62

47-2011Boiler Tester 69 49-9071Building Maintenance Mechanic 391

49-9041Boilerhouse Mechanic 388 11-9141Building Rental Manager 427

47-2011Boilermakers 69 43-5051Bulk Mail Clerk 151

13-2053Bond Underwriter 209 49-3042Bulldozer Mechanic 472

51-5113Bookbinder 121 49-3031Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine 471 Specialists 51-5113Bookbinding Machine Operator 121 53-3052Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity 483 43-3031Bookkeeper 140

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 499 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 13-1111Business Management Analyst 132 43-5011Cargo Router 463

13-1111Business Process Consultant 132 47-1011Carpenter Supervisor 68

25-1011Business Teachers, Postsecondary 165 47-2031Carpenters 71

35-9011Busser 299 47-2041Carpet Installers 72

53-7071Butane Compressor Operator 493 47-2041Carpet Layer 72

51-3021Butcher Apprentice 396 17-3031Cartographic Technician 64

51-3021Butchers and Meat Cutters 396 21-1093Case Work Aide 328

51-6031Button Sewing Machine Operator 406 41-2011Cash Register Operator 433

13-1020Buyers and Purchasing Agents 372 49-2011Cash Register Servicer 381

51-7011Cabinet Builder 407 41-1011Cashier Supervisor 431

51-7011Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters 407 41-2011Cashiers 433

49-9052Cable Television Installer 119 43-3041Casino Cashier 315

35-3023Cafeteria Server 296 33-9031Casino Investigator 367

43-3041Cage Cashier 315 39-1013Casino Slot Supervisor 305

25-1022Calculus Professor 167 33-9031Casino Surveillance Officer 367

27-4031Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film 117 27-2012Casting Director 105

35-2012Camp Cook 291 47-2151Cast-Iron Drain Pipe Layer 84

39-9032Camp Counselor 312 43-4151Catalogue Clerk 148

13-1131Campaign Fundraiser 134 45-2093Cattle Brander 46

33-3051Campus Police Officer 366 45-2011Cattle Examiner 231

19-1042Cancer Researcher 235 47-2131Ceiling Insulation Blower 81

49-2096Car Alarm Installer 466 47-2051Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers 74

41-2021Car Rental Agent 434 47-2051Cement Patcher 74

49-2096Car Stereo Installer 466 53-3032Cement Truck Driver 481

53-7061Car Wash Attendant 489 43-4111Census Taker 145

29-2031Cardiac Catheterization Technologist 254 31-9093Central Sterile Supply Technician 279

29-1171Cardiology Nurse Practitioner 250 47-2044Ceramic Tile Installer 73

29-2031Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 254 29-9091Certified Athletic Trainer 268

39-1013Cardroom Supervisor 305 21-1021Certified Children, Youth, and Family Social Worker 325

21-1012Career Counselor 164 31-9091Certified Dental Assistant 277

25-2023Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle 185 33-3012Certified Detention Deputy 363 School 19-4042Certified Indoor Environmentalist 36 25-1194Career/Technical Education Teachers, 180 Postsecondary 49-3051Certified Marine Mechanic 473

25-2032Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary 187 39-4031Certified Mortician 333 School 29-2033Certified Nuclear Medicine Technologist 256 43-5011Cargo and Freight Agents 463 31-1131Certified Nurse Aide 270 53-7062Cargo Handler 490 31-1131Certified Nursing Assistant 270

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 500 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 31-2011Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant 273 43-4031Circuit Court Clerk 229

29-2091Certified Orthotic Fitter 267 23-1023Circuit Court Judge 355

29-2052Certified Pharmacy Technician 261 17-2072Circuit Design Engineer 449

13-2011Certified Public Accountant 205 43-4121Circulation Clerk 146

29-1125Certified Recreational Therapist 244 25-3021Citizenship Teacher 193

29-1151Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) 249 19-3051City Planner 225

29-2055Certified Surgical Technologist 262 19-4061City Planning Aide 459

37-2012Chambermaid 304 17-3011Civil Computer-Aided Design and Drafting Technician 62

43-4041Charge Authorizer 217 25-1032Civil Engineering Professor 168

53-2012Charter Pilot (Commercial Pilot Certificate Required) 478 17-3022Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians 63

43-5111Cheese Weigher 379 17-2051Civil Engineers 61

35-1011Chefs and Head Cooks 288 13-1031Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators 204

21-1018Chemical Dependency Counselor 324 43-4151Classified Ad Clerk 148

17-2041Chemical Engineers 447 51-9023Clay Mixer 412

19-4031Chemical Laboratory Technician 377 53-7061Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment 489

19-4031Chemical Technicians 377 37-1011Cleaning Staff Supervisor 302

25-1052Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary 171 21-2011Clergy 329

19-2031Chemists 455 43-1011Clerical Supervisor 138

53-7021Cherry Picker Operator 100 19-2021Climatologist 454

11-1011Chief Executives 122 11-9111Clinic Director 234

11-1011Chief Financial Officer 122 29-1031Clinical Dietitian 238

11-9111Chief Medical Information Officer 234 11-9111Clinical Informatics Director 234

11-1011Chief Operating Officer 122 29-2010Clinical Laboratory Technologists and Technicians 253

11-3021Chief Technology Officer 125 25-1072Clinical Nursing Professor 174

21-1021Child Abuse Worker 325 31-2022Clinical Rehabilitation Aide 276

21-1013Child and Family Counselor 322 19-3031Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists 321

25-1066Child Development Professor 172 27-2022Coaches and Scouts 201

11-9151Child Welfare Director 319 53-7021Coal Tower Operator 100

21-1021Child, Family, and School Social Workers 325 53-4013Coal Tram Driver 484

11-9031Childcare Center Administrator 161 51-6052Coat Maker 342

39-9011Childcare Workers 338 51-9124Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, 419 Operators, and Tenders 31-9092Chiropractic Assistant 278 35-3031Cocktail Server 297 29-1011Chiropractic Physician 236 51-3091Coffee Roaster 398 29-1011Chiropractors 236 43-9071Coin Wrapping Machine Operator 160 27-2041Choirmaster 106 49-9091Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine 393 51-9195Cigar Roller 422 Servicers and Repairers

51-2028Circuit Board Assembler 395 43-3011Collection Agent 214

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 501 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 25-9044College Biology Teaching Assistant 199 15-1211Computer Systems Analysts 343

27-3023Columnist 109 13-1151Computer Training Specialist 136

51-4081Combination Machine Tool Operator 404 15-1232Computer User Support Specialists 346

49-3041Combine Mechanic 53 49-2011Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine 381 Repairers 45-2091Combine Operator 44 47-2051Concrete Floor Installer 74 17-2141Combustion Engineer 451 47-2051Concrete Swimming Pool Installer 74 33-1012Commanding Officer Homicide Squad 359 13-1121Conference Planner 133 51-9198Commercial Baker Helper 423 33-3031Conservation Enforcement Officer 365 43-4041Commercial Credit Reviewer 217 19-1031Conservation Scientists 453 13-2072Commercial Lender 210 47-4011Construction and Building Inspectors 232 53-2012Commercial Pilots 478 47-2073Construction Bulldozer Operator 77 43-4011Commodities Clerk 216 11-9021Construction Coordinator 56 25-1122Communications Teachers, Postsecondary 177 47-2061Construction Craft Laborer 75 19-3051Community Development Planner 225 17-2051Construction Engineer 61 21-1023Community Mental Health Social Worker 327 49-3042Construction Equipment Mechanic 472 13-1141Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis 135 Specialists 19-5012Construction Health and Safety Technician 227

13-1041Compliance Officers 221 13-1051Construction Job Cost Estimator 57

47-2131Composition Weatherboard Installer 81 47-2061Construction Laborers 75

11-3031Comptroller 203 11-9021Construction Managers 56

29-2034Computed Tomography (CT) Scanner Operator 257 11-9021Construction Superintendent 56

29-2035Computed Tomography/Magnetic Resonance 258 47-2061Construction Trench Digger 75 Imaging (CT/MRI) Technologist 29-2081Contact Lens Fitter 266 11-3021Computer and Information Systems Managers 125 25-1123Contemporary English Literature Professor 178 25-1021Computer Information Systems Professor 166 11-3061Contracting Manager 127 15-1251Computer Language Coder 350 49-9012Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except 92 15-1241Computer Network Architects 347 Mechanical Door

15-1241Computer Network Engineer 347 53-2021Control Tower Operator 479

15-1231Computer Network Support Specialists 345 35-2011Cooks, Fast Food 290

51-9161Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) Machinist 420 35-2012Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria 291

51-9161Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) Milling 420 35-2014Cooks, Restaurant 292 Machine Operator 35-2015Cooks, Short Order 293 51-9161Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) Shot 420 Peening Operator 27-3041Copy Editor 110

51-9161Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators 420 43-9071Copy Machine Operator 160

15-1251Computer Programmers 350 29-1141Coronary Care Unit Nurse 248

25-1021Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary 166 23-1011Corporate Counsel 354

15-1212Computer Security Specialist 344 13-1121Corporate Meeting Planner 133

13-1151Computer Software Training Specialist 136 13-1151Corporate Trainer 136

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 502 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 41-3041Corporate Travel Expert 314 51-9021Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine 411 Setters, Operators, and Tenders 45-1011Corral Boss 42 25-4012Curators 194 33-3012Correctional Officers and Jailers 363 25-9031Curriculum and Assessment Director 198 33-1011Corrections Sergeant 358 25-9031Curriculum Specialist 198 27-3023Correspondent 109 37-1011Custodial Supervisor 302 27-1023Corsage Maker 103 51-6031Custom T-Shirt Embroidery Machine Operator 406 25-1194Cosmetology Instructor 180 47-2031Custom Wood Stair Builder 71 13-2031Cost Analyst 206 43-4051Customer Complaint Clerk 143 13-1051Cost Estimators 57 43-4051Customer Service Representatives 143 13-1020Cotton Broker 372 51-9032Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, 413 45-2041Cotton Grader 43 and Tenders

41-2021Counter and Rental Clerks 434 51-4121Cutting Torch Operator 405

21-1013Couples Therapist 322 51-4031Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, 400 Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 43-5021Couriers and Messengers 464 29-2010Cytogenetic Technologist 253 33-3011Court Bailiff 362 49-3041Dairy Equipment Repairer 53 27-3091Court Interpreter 202 11-9013Dairy Farm Manager 29 27-3092Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners 113 43-9021Data Entry Keyers 157 33-3011Court Security Officer 362 43-9021Data Input Clerk 157 27-3092Court Stenographer 113 49-2011Data Processing Equipment Repairer 381 27-3092Court Transcriber 113 15-1211Data Processing Systems Analyst 343 43-4031Court, Municipal, and License Clerks 229 43-9021Data Typist 157 45-1011Cranberry Bog Supervisor 42 15-1245Database Administrators and Architects 349 53-7021Crane and Tower Operators 100 39-9011Daycare Provider 338 49-9043Crane Oiler 389 43-3011Debt Collector 214 49-9096Crane Rigger 96 13-2071Debt Management Counselor 320 39-3011Craps Dealer 307 31-9011Deep Tissue Massage Therapist 331 13-1051Crating and Moving Estimator 57 45-3031Deer Hunter 47 25-1123Creative Writing English Professor 178 41-1011Delicatessen Department Manager 431 13-2041Credit Analysts 207 41-9011Demonstrators and Product Promoters 440 13-2041Credit Assessment Analyst 207 31-9091Dental Assistants 277 43-4041Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks 217 51-9081Dental Ceramist 416 13-2071Credit Counselors 320 29-1292Dental Hygienists 252 43-4041Credit Rating Checker 217 51-9081Dental Laboratory Technicians 416 13-2041Credit Risk Analyst 207 43-6013Dental Secretary 284 51-4031Crimping Machine Operator for Metal 400 29-1021Dentists, General 237 51-9081Crown and Bridge Technician 416 11-1021Department Store Manager 123 39-7010Cruise Director 311

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 503 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 27-3092Deposition Reporter 113 21-1023Drug Abuse Social Worker 327

33-3011Deputy Bailiff 362 41-2021Dry Cleaning Counter Clerk 434

33-3021Deputy United States Marshal 364 47-2082Drywall Taper 78

47-5011Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas 48 53-3032Dump Truck Driver 481

33-1012Detective Lieutenant 359 25-2051Early Childhood Special Education Teacher 188

33-3021Detectives and Criminal Investigators 364 29-2032Echocardiographer 255

29-2032Diagnostic Medical Sonographers 255 19-4061Economic Research Assistant 459

51-9071Diamond Setter 415 27-3041Editors 110

29-2051Dietary Technician 260 11-9032Education Administrators, Kindergarten through 162 Secondary 29-2051Dietetic Technicians 260 11-9033Education Administrators, Postsecondary 163 29-1031Dietitians and Nutritionists 238 11-9031Education and Childcare Administrators, 161 35-3031Dining Car Server 297 Preschool and Daycare

35-9011Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and 299 25-1081Education Teachers, Postsecondary 175 Bartender Helpers 25-1066Educational Psychology Professor 172 35-9031Dining Room Host 301 21-1012Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors 164 27-3091Diplomatic Interpreter 202 and Advisors

43-9051Direct Mail Clerk 158 17-2112Efficiency Engineer 450

11-9033Director of Student Services 163 45-2041Egg Grader 43

21-2021Directors, Religious Activities and Education 330 53-7064Egg Packer 491

35-9021Dish Room Worker 300 29-2031EKG Technician 254

35-9021Dishwashers 300 31-1120Elderly Companion 269

43-5032Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance 465 11-3131E-Learning Manager 129

41-3011Display Advertising Sales Representative 437 51-2028Electric Motor Controls Assembler 395

27-1026Display Artist 429 49-2092Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers 382

11-3071Distribution Center Manager 460 49-9051Electric Powerline Examiner 95

11-2022District Sales Manager 425 49-9051Electric Utility Lineworker 95

43-4011Dividend Clerk 216 17-3023Electrical and Electronic Engineering 374 Technologists and Technicians 29-1041Doctor of Optometry 239 49-2094Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial 383 29-1131Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) 247 and Industrial Equipment

43-4071Document Clerk 144 49-2095Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, 384 Substation, and Relay 27-3042Documentation Writer 111 17-3023Electrical Design Technician 374 39-2021Dog Groomer 41 25-1032Electrical Engineering Professor 168 13-1131Donor Relations Officer 134 17-2071Electrical Engineers 448 39-9041Dormitory Counselor 340 49-9051Electrical High Tension Tester 95 29-1125Drama Therapist 244 47-4011Electrical Inspector 232 53-3031Driver/Sales Workers 444 49-9051Electrical Lineworker 95 13-1041Driver's License Examiner 221 49-2092Electrical Parts Reconditioner 382

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 504 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 49-9051Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers 95 17-2081Environmental Remediation Engineer 31

47-2111Electrical Sign Wirer 79 19-4042Environmental Science and Protection 36 Technicians, Including Health 17-2071Electrical Systems Engineer 448 19-4042Environmental Science Technician 36 51-2028Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical 395 Assemblers, Except Coil Winders, Tapers, and 19-2041Environmental Scientists and Specialists, 456 Finishers Including Health

47-2111Electricians 79 13-1041Equal Employment Opportunity Officer 221

39-5094Electrolysis Operator 337 13-1020Equipment, Supplies, and Tools Purchasing Agent 372

17-2072Electronic Design Automation Engineer 449 19-5012Ergonomics Technician 227

49-2096Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, 466 23-2093Escrow Officer 357 Motor Vehicles 13-2020Estate Appraiser 222 39-1013Electronic Gambling Device Supervisor 305 13-2052Estate Planner 208 49-2097Electronic Musical Instrument Repairer 385 51-9194Etchers and Engravers 421 41-2022Electronic Parts Salesperson 435 19-3091Ethnoarchaeologist 458 17-2072Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 449 25-1123Etymology Professor 178 51-9124Electrostatic Paint Operator 419 47-5022Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline 51 25-2052Elementary School Inclusion Teacher 189 Operators, Surface Mining

25-2021Elementary School Music Teacher 183 43-6011Executive Assistant 155

11-9032Elementary School Principal 162 35-1011Executive Chef 288

25-2021Elementary School Teachers, Except Special 183 43-6011Executive Secretaries and Executive 155 Education Administrative Assistants

47-4011Elevator Inspector 232 39-9031Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors 339

43-4061Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs 230 43-5061Expeditor 378

53-3011Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Driver 480 11-2022Export Manager 425

29-2040Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 259 37-2021Exterminator 38

43-5031Emergency Operator 370 29-2081Eyeglass Fitter 266

13-1141Employee Benefits Specialist 135 51-9083Eyeglass Maker 417

11-3131Employee Development Director 129 39-5094Facialist 337

13-1075Employee Relations Specialist 131 49-9071Facilities Maintenance Worker 391

15-1232End-User Support Specialist 346 29-1021Family Dentist 237

17-2141Engine Designer 451 29-1171Family Practice Nurse Practitioner 250

11-9041Engineering Design Manager 445 29-1071Family Practice Physician Assistant 241

25-1032Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary 168 25-9021Family Resource Management Specialist 197

25-1123English Language and Literature Teachers, 178 21-1093Family Service Assistant 328 Postsecondary 11-9151Family Service Center Director 319 53-2021Enroute Controller 479 25-9021Farm and Home Management Educators 197 13-1041Environmental Compliance Inspector 221 49-3041Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service 53 17-2081Environmental Engineers 31 Technicians

19-5011Environmental Health Sanitarian 226 25-1041Farm Management Professor 169

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 505 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 11-9013Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural 29 37-1011First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and 302 Managers Janitorial Workers

45-2092Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and 45 37-1012First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn 66 Greenhouse Service, and Groundskeeping Workers

45-2093Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural 46 49-1011First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, 380 Animals and Repairers

35-3023Fast Food and Counter Workers 296 41-1012First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers 432

35-2011Fast Food Fry Cook 290 43-1011First-Line Supervisors of Office and 138 Administrative Support Workers 25-9021Feed Management Advisor 197 33-1012First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives 359 45-2091Feed Mixer Operator 44 51-1011First-Line Supervisors of Production and 394 47-4031Fence Erectors 90 Operating Workers

51-9012Fermentation Operator 410 41-1011First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers 431

49-2022Fiber Optic Central Office Installer 118 33-3031Fish and Game Wardens 365

13-2011Field Auditor 205 51-3022Fish Filleter 397

17-3031Field Map Technician 64 11-9013Fish Hatchery Manager 29

43-4071File Clerks 144 45-1011Fish Hatchery Supervisor 42

27-3023Film Critic 109 51-3091Fish Smoker 398

25-1011Finance Professor 165 45-3031Fishing and Hunting Workers 47

13-2061Financial Compliance Examiner 223 43-5053Flat Sorting Machine Clerk 153

11-3031Financial Director 203 49-1011Fleet Maintenance Supervisor 380

13-2061Financial Examiners 223 53-2012Flight Instructor (Commercial Pilots) 478

11-3031Financial Managers 203 49-3011Flight Test Mechanic 467

39-5092Fingernail Sculptor 336 27-1023Floral Designers 103

49-9052FIOS Line Installer 119 27-1023Florist 103

13-1031Fire Claims Adjuster 204 27-1023Flower Arranger 103

33-2011Fire Engine Pump Operator 361 53-7072Fluid Pump Operator 494

33-1021Fire Lieutenant 360 51-3091Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying 398 Machine Operators and Tenders 47-2152Fire Sprinkler Installer 85 51-3092Food Batchmakers 399 33-2011Firefighters 361 19-2031Food Chemist 455 47-1011First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and 68 Extraction Workers 35-2021Food Preparation Workers 294

33-1011First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers 358 35-3041Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 298

45-1011First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and 42 11-9051Food Service Director 285 Forestry Workers 11-9051Food Service Managers 285 33-1021First-Line Supervisors of Firefighting and 360 Prevention Workers 27-2022Football Coach 201

35-1012First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and 289 43-3071Foreign Exchange Clerk 215 Serving Workers 41-3031Foreign Exchange Trader 213 39-1013First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services 305 Workers 19-4071Forest and Conservation Technicians 37

33-2011Forest Firefighter 361

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 506 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 19-4071Forestry Aide 37 53-6031Gas Pump Attendant 486

49-3042Forklift Mechanic 472 43-4181Gate Agent 317

53-7051Forklift Operator 488 51-4041Gear Machinist 402

21-1021Foster Care Worker 325 51-9071Gemologist 415

49-9041Foundry Equipment Mechanic 388 11-1021General and Operations Managers 123

47-5011Fracturing Derrick Operator 48 11-9021General Contractor 56

47-5012Fracturing Rotary Drill Operator 49 25-3011General Educational Development (GED®) Teacher 192

43-5011Freight Shipping Agent 463 29-1216General Internal Medicine Physicians 251

43-4171Front Desk Receptionist 150 29-1216General Internist 251

51-3092Frozen Yogurt Maker 399 49-9071General Maintenance Worker 391

35-2021Fruit and Vegetable Parer 294 11-1021General Superintendent 123

13-1020Fruit Buyer 372 19-2042Geochemist 457

45-2041Fruit Sorter 43 17-1022Geodetic Surveyor 60

37-3012Fruit Sprayer 39 11-9121Geophysical Manager 30

17-2041Fuels Engineer 447 19-2042Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and 457 Geographers 37-2021Fumigator 38 17-3022Geotechnical Engineering Technician 63 13-1131Fundraisers 134 31-1120Geriatric Personal Care Aide 269 13-1131Fundraising Officer 134 29-1123Geriatric Physical Therapist 243 39-4031Funeral Arranger 333 29-1171Gerontological Nurse Practitioner 250 39-4021Funeral Attendants 332 53-7064Gift Wrapper 491 39-4021Funeral Home Assistant 332 17-3031GIS Mapping Technician 64 35-2012Galley Cook 291 51-9195Glass Blower 422 43-3041Gambling Cage Workers 315 51-9032Glass Cutting Machine Operator 413 41-2012Gambling Change Persons and Booth Cashiers 313 51-9194Glass Etcher 421 39-3011Gambling Dealers 307 47-2121Glaziers 80 33-9031Gambling Monitor 367 11-9041Global Engineering Manager 445 33-9031Gambling Surveillance Officers and Gambling 367 Investigators 13-1020Gold Buyer 372

27-3011Game Show Host 108 51-9071Goldsmith 415

53-7081Garbage Collector 55 39-3091Golf Caddy 309

53-3032Garbage Truck Driver 481 49-3053Golf Cart Mechanic 386

53-6031Gas and Oil Servicer 486 17-1012Golf Course Architect 59

53-7071Gas Compressor and Gas Pumping Station 493 17-1012Golf Course Designer 59 Operators 11-1011Governor 122 53-7071Gas Cylinder Processor 493 49-2096GPS Car Navigation Installer 466 47-5071Gas Floorhand 52 45-2041Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products 43 49-9021Gas Furnace Installer 93 45-2011Grain Sampler 231 49-9012Gas Meter Installer 92

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 507 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 27-1024Graphic Artist 104 37-3011Hedge Trimmer 67

27-1024Graphic Designers 104 49-3011Helicopter Engine Mechanic 467

19-1031Grassland Conservationist 453 53-2012Helicopter Pilot 478

51-5112Gravure Press Operator 120 15-1232Help Desk Technician 346

45-2092Greenhouse Transplanter 45 47-3011Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, 89 Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters 37-3011Greenskeeper 67 49-9098Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair 97 35-2015Griddle Cook 293 Workers

51-4033Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing 401 51-9198Helpers--Production Workers 423 Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 25-4012Herbarium Curator 194

41-2011Grocery Checker 433 19-1023Herpetologist 33

53-3033Grocery Light Truck Driver 482 25-2032High School Auto Repair Teacher 187

53-7064Grocery Store Bagger 491 25-2032High School Cosmetology Teacher 187

37-1012Grounds Maintenance Supervisor 66 25-2031High School English Teacher 186

21-1012Guidance Counselor 164 25-2031High School French Teacher 186

39-2011Guide Dog Trainer 306 25-2031High School History Teacher 186

17-3027Gyroscopic Engineering Technician 376 11-9032High School Principal 162

39-5012Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists 335 25-2058High School Special Education Resource Teacher 191

47-2044Hard Tile Setter 73 17-2051Highway Engineer 61

45-2091Hay Baler 44 17-3022Highway Engineering Technician 63

19-2041Hazardous Substances Scientist 456 47-4011Highway Inspector 232

37-1012Head Greenskeeper 66 47-4051Highway Maintenance Workers 91

11-9031Head Start Director 161 29-2010Histology Technician 253

19-5011Health and Safety Inspector 226 19-4061Historian Research Assistant 459

19-2041Health Environmentalist 456 39-7010Historical Site Guide 311

11-9111Health Information Services Manager 234 49-9031Home Appliance Repairers 387

13-1031Health Insurance Adjuster 204 41-9011Home Demonstrator 440

25-1071Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary 173 31-1120Home Health and Personal Care Aides 269

21-1022Healthcare Social Workers 326 31-1120Home Health Attendant 269

17-3027Heat Transfer Technician 376 31-1120Home Hospice Aide 269

17-2141Heating and Cooling Systems Engineer 451 47-4011Home Inspector 232

49-9021Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration 93 27-1025Home Lighting Adviser 65 Mechanics and Installers 13-2061Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Specialist 223 47-2211Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) 87 Sheet Metal Installer 49-2097Home Theater Installer 385

49-9021Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) 93 25-2011Home-based Preschool Teacher 181 Mechanic 33-3021Homicide Detective 364 51-8021Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) 99 Mechanic Boiler Operator 51-3092Honey Blender 399

53-3032Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 481 39-2011Horse Breaker 306

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 508 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 37-1012Horticultural Services Supervisor 66 21-2011Imam 329

19-1013Horticulturist 32 19-1042Immunochemist 235

29-1141Hospice Registered Nurse 248 29-2010Immunohematologist 253

21-1022Hospice Social Worker 326 13-2082Income Tax Advisor 211

11-9111Hospital Administrator 234 13-2082Income Tax Preparer 211

35-3041Hospital Food Service Worker 298 43-5071Incoming Freight Clerk 154

31-1132Hospital Orderly 271 27-2012Independent Film Maker 105

29-1051Hospital Pharmacist 240 13-2052Individual Pension Adviser 208

35-9031Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and 301 13-1111Industrial Analyst 132 Coffee Shop 19-2031Industrial Chemist 455 47-2181Hot Tar Roofer 86 51-9021Industrial Coffee Grinder 411 39-6011Hotel Baggage Handler 310 17-3026Industrial Engineering Technologists and 375 43-4081Hotel Front Desk Clerk 316 Technicians

11-9081Hotel Manager 286 17-2112Industrial Engineers 450

43-4081Hotel Registration Clerk 316 19-5011Industrial Hygienist 226

43-4181Hotel Reservationist 317 49-9041Industrial Machinery Mechanics 388

41-4012Hotel Supplies Salesperson 439 37-2011Industrial Plant Custodian 303

43-4081Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 316 11-3051Industrial Production Managers 126

37-2012House Cleaner 304 49-2094Industrial Robotics Mechanic 383

47-2141House Painter 83 53-7051Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 488

39-9041House Parent 340 25-1066Industrial/Organizational Psychology Professor 172

37-2012Housekeeping Staff 304 19-4042Infectious Waste Technician 36

43-4161HR Clerk 149 15-1212Information Security Analysts 344

43-4161Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and 149 15-1211Information Systems Analyst 343 Timekeeping 25-1021Information Technology Professor 166 13-1071Human Resources Generalist 130 11-3021Information Technology Systems Director 125 11-3121Human Resources Managers 128 29-1126Inhalation Therapist 245 13-1071Human Resources Specialists 130 51-9023Ink Blender 412 21-1093Human Services Worker 328 11-9081Innkeeper 286 19-2021Hurricane Tracker 454 19-4031Inorganic Chemical Technician 377 25-1194HVAC Instructor 180 19-2031Inorganic Chemist 455 49-3023Hybrid Car Mechanic 470 25-1052Inorganic Chemistry Professor 171 49-9041Hydroelectric Machinery Mechanic 388 51-9061Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and 414 51-8013Hydroelectric Plant Operator 408 Weighers

51-8093Hydrotreater Operator 409 41-9011In-Store Demonstrator 440

35-3023Ice Cream Server 296 25-9031Instructional Coordinators 198

19-1023Ichthyologist 33 27-2042Instrumentalist 107

17-2071Illuminating Engineer 448 51-9032Insulation Cutter 413

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 509 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 47-2131Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall 81 25-2057Junior High School Special Education Teacher 190

47-2132Insulation Workers, Mechanical 82 25-2022Junior High School Teacher 184

13-2053Insurance Analyst 209 23-1023Justice 355

43-9041Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks 219 33-3012Juvenile Corrections Officer 363

13-1151Insurance Employee Trainer 136 21-1092Juvenile Probation Officer 353

43-9041Insurance Policy Issue Clerk 219 51-9111Keg Filler 418

41-3021Insurance Sales Agents 212 39-2021Kennel Worker 41

41-1012Insurance Sales Supervisor 432 25-2052Kindergarten Special Education Teacher 189

13-2053Insurance Underwriters 209 25-2012Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education 182

27-1025Interior Decorator 65 25-1193Kinesiology Professor 179

27-1025Interior Designers 65 27-1025Kitchen Designer 65

47-2131Interior Surface Insulation Worker 81 35-1012Kitchen Supervisor 289

25-2022Intermediate School Social Studies Teacher 184 25-3021Knitting Instructor 193

13-2011Internal Auditor 205 51-3021Kosher Butcher 396

29-1216Internal Medicine Physician 251 13-1075Labor Relations Consultant 131

13-2081Internal Revenue Service Agent 224 11-3121Labor Relations Director 128

11-2021Internet Marketing Manager 424 13-1075Labor Relations Specialists 131

29-1216Internist 251 11-3131Labor Training Manager 129

27-3091Interpreters and Translators 202 43-5021Laboratory Courier 464

43-4111Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan 145 53-7062Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, 490 Hand 41-3031Investment Banker 213 51-9124Lacquer Spray Booth Operator 419 43-3021Invoice Control Clerk 462 43-4171Land Leasing Information Clerk 150 49-3041Irrigation Equipment Mechanic 53 17-1022Land Surveyor 60 15-1251IT Programmer 350 17-1012Landscape Architects 59 15-1212IT Risk Specialist 344 17-1012Landscape Designer 59 15-1232IT Support Specialist 346 37-3011Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 67 37-2011Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and 303 Housekeeping Cleaners 51-6011Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers 341

25-1021Java Programming Professor 166 51-6011Laundry Attendant 341

51-4033Jewel Bearing Facer 401 51-6011Laundry Equipment Operator 341

51-9071Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers 415 51-6011Laundry Sorter 341

51-9161Jig Boring Machine Operator 420 43-6012Law Secretary 371

11-3121Job Analysis Manager 128 37-3011Lawn Caretaker 67

13-1141Job Analyst 135 49-3053Lawn Mower Repairer 386

25-1122Journalism Professor 177 23-1011Lawyers 354

23-1023Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates 355 11-9141Leasing Property Manager 427

25-2023Junior High School Business Teacher 185 43-6012Legal Administrative Assistant 371

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 510 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 23-2011Legal Aide 356 13-1081Logistics Analyst 461

43-6012Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants 371 13-1081Logistics Planner 461

25-1193Leisure Studies Professor 179 13-1081Logistics Specialist 461

51-9083Lens Grinder 417 29-2061LPN 265

43-5052Letter Carrier 152 35-9011Lunchroom Attendant 299

25-4022Librarians and Media Collections Specialists 195 29-2061LVN 265

25-4031Library Acquisitions Technician 196 49-9044Machine Erector 94

43-4121Library Assistants, Clerical 146 51-9061Machined Parts Quality Inspector 414

25-4031Library Circulation Technician 196 13-2020Machinery Appraiser 222

25-4022Library Media Specialist 195 49-9044Machinery Dismantler 94

25-4031Library Technicians 196 51-1011Machinist Supervisor 394

21-1018Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) 324 51-4041Machinists 402

31-9011Licensed Massage Therapist 331 27-1011Magazine Designer 101

21-1018Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) 324 29-2035Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists 258

31-2011Licensed Occupational Therapy Assistant 273 37-2012Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 304

31-2021Licensed Physical Therapist Assistant 275 43-9051Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except 158 Postal Service 29-2061Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational 265 Nurses 43-5052Mail Deliverer 152

41-9021Licensed Real Estate Broker 441 43-5053Mail Forwarding System Markup Clerk 153

13-2082Licensed Tax Consultant 211 43-9051Mailroom Clerk 158

23-2093Lien Searcher 357 49-9071Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 391

41-3021Life Insurance Salesperson 212 49-9044Maintenance Millwright 94

33-9092Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational 369 49-9043Maintenance Workers, Machinery 389 Protective Service Workers 35-9031Maitre D' 301 53-3033Light Truck Drivers 482 13-1111Management Analysts 132 17-3023Lighting Engineering Technician 374 11-3021Management Information Systems Director 125 35-2014Line Cook 292 39-5092Manicurists and Pedicurists 336 53-7071Liquid Natural Gas Plant Operator 493 27-1026Mannequin Decorator 429 51-8031Liquid Waste Treatment Plant Operator 54 11-3051Manufacturing Director 126 13-1020Livestock Buyer 372 17-2112Manufacturing Engineer 450 43-4131Loan Interviewers and Clerks 218 51-9021Marble and Granite Polisher 411 13-2072Loan Officers 210 47-2044Marble Ceiling Installer 73 43-4131Loan Processor 218 19-1023Marine Biologist 33 13-2072Loan Reviewer 210 49-3031Marine Diesel Technician 471 27-3031Lobbyist 430 25-1032Marine Engineering Professor 168 49-9098Locksmith Helper 97 33-2011Marine Firefighter 361 11-9081Lodging Managers 286 19-4021Marine Fisheries Technician 35 13-1081Logisticians 461

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 511 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 39-2011Marine Mammal Trainer 306 19-1042Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists 235

13-1161Market Research Analysts and Marketing 428 43-6013Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants 284 Specialists 31-9094Medical Stenographer 280 43-4111Market Research Interviewer 145 31-9094Medical Transcriber 280 13-1161Market Research Specialist 428 31-9094Medical Transcriptionists 280 11-2021Marketing Administrator 424 43-4061Medicare Interviewer 230 13-1161Marketing Consultant 428 13-1121Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners 133 11-2021Marketing Director 424 21-1023Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social 327 13-1161Marketing Forecaster 428 Workers

11-2021Marketing Managers 424 31-1133Mental Health Orderly 272

25-1011Marketing Professor 165 11-9111Mental Health Program Manager 234

51-7011Marquetry Worker 407 13-1020Merchandise Buyer 372

21-1013Marriage and Family Therapists 322 27-1026Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 429

21-1013Marriage Counselor 322 35-3023Mess Attendant 296

31-9011Massage Therapists 331 35-2012Mess Cook 291

39-5011Master Barber 334 51-9194Metal Engraver 421

47-2111Master Electrician 79 51-4033Metal Grinder 401

43-5061Material Control Clerk 378 51-4031Metal Punch Press Operator 400

25-1022Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary 167 51-4031Metal Slitter 400

51-3021Meat Carver 396 19-2021Meteorologist 454

51-3021Meat Counter Worker 396 43-4121Microfilm Clerk 146

51-3091Meat Curer 398 11-9032Middle School Principal 162

45-2041Meat Grader 43 25-2022Middle School Science Teacher 184

51-3022Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 397 25-2057Middle School Special Education Teacher 190

17-3013Mechanical Drafters 373 25-2022Middle School Teachers, Except Special and 184 Career/Technical Education 11-9041Mechanical Engineering Director 445 25-2023Middle School Technology Education Teacher 185 17-3027Mechanical Engineering Technologists and 376 Technicians 45-2011Milk Tester 231

17-2141Mechanical Engineers 451 51-2041Mill Beam Fitter 98

25-1194Mechanical Maintenance Instructor 180 49-9044Millwrights 94

11-9111Medical and Health Services Managers 234 17-1022Mineral Surveyor 60

31-9092Medical Assistants 278 47-5022Mining Bulldozer Operator 51

31-9093Medical Equipment Preparers 279 47-5022Mining Shovel Operator 51

49-9062Medical Equipment Repairers 390 49-2094Missile Pad Mechanic 383

39-5094Medical Esthetician 337 51-9023Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, 412 and Tenders 31-1132Medical Orderly 271 35-3011Mixologist 295 27-4021Medical Photographer 116 49-3042Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except 472 11-9111Medical Records Administrator 234 Engines

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 512 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 49-3053Mobility Scooter Repairer 386 15-1244Network Analyst 348

51-9195Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and 422 15-1244Network and Computer Systems Administrators 348 Plastic 15-1244Network Coordinator 348 51-4072Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine 403 Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 15-1241Network Designer 347

43-3071Money Order Clerk 215 15-1241Network Developer 347

31-9092Morgue Attendant 278 15-1231Network Diagnostic Support Specialist 345

43-3031Mortgage Accounting Clerk 140 15-1212Network Security Analyst 344

43-4131Mortgage Loan Closer 218 15-1231Network Support Technician 345

39-4021Mortician Helper 332 15-1231Network Technician 345

39-4031Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Arrangers 333 43-4141New Accounts Banking Representative 147

17-3026Motion Study Technician 375 43-4141New Accounts Clerks 147

53-3052Motor Coach Bus Driver 483 27-3023News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists 109

49-3052Motor Scooter Mechanic 474 27-3023News Anchor 109

53-6051Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspector 233 27-4031News Videographer 117

43-4031Motor Vehicle License Clerk 229 53-3031Newspaper Delivery Driver 444

49-9098Motorboat Mechanic Helper 97 53-7065Night Stocker 492

49-3051Motorboat Mechanics and Service Technicians 473 29-2033Nuclear Cardiology Technologist 256

49-3052Motorcycle Mechanics 474 29-2033Nuclear Medicine Technologists 256

33-3051Motorcycle Police 366 29-1151Nurse Anesthetists 249

49-3052Motorcycle Service Technician 474 29-1171Nurse Practitioners 250

29-2035MRI Technologist 258 25-2011Nursery School Teacher 181

25-4022Multimedia Services Coordinator 195 31-1131Nursing Assistants 270

51-4081Multi-operation Forming Machine Setter 404 31-1131Nursing Care Attendant 270

51-4081Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and 404 25-1072Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary 174 Tenders, Metal and Plastic 25-1071Nutrition Professor 173 33-1021Municipal Fire Fighting and Prevention Supervisor 360 27-2042Oboist 107 39-7010Museum Guide 311 19-5011Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 226 27-2041Music Directors and Composers 106 19-5012Occupational Health and Safety Technicians 227 25-4022Music Librarian 195 19-5012Occupational Health and Safety Technologist (OHST) 227 27-2042Musicians and Singers 107 31-2012Occupational Rehabilitation Aide 274 41-2012Mutuel Teller 313 31-2012Occupational Therapist Aide 274 39-5092Nail Technician 336 29-1122Occupational Therapists 242 39-9011Nanny 338 31-2012Occupational Therapy Aides 274 33-3021Narcotics Investigator 364 31-2011Occupational Therapy Assistants 273 17-2171Natural Gas Engineer 452 11-9121Ocean Program Administrator 30 11-9121Natural Sciences Managers 30 19-2042Oceanographer 457 51-9195Neon Tube Bender 422 29-2057Ocular Care Technologist 264

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 513 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 43-9061Office Assistant 159 31-9091Orthodontic Assistant 277

43-9061Office Clerks, General 159 51-9081Orthodontic Technician 416

43-9071Office Machine Operators, Except Computer 160 31-9092Orthopedic Cast Specialist 278

43-5021Office Runner 464 29-2091Orthotists and Prosthetists 267

43-6014Office Secretary 156 49-3051Outboard Motor Mechanic 473

51-5112Offset Press Operator 120 33-9092Outdoor Emergency Care Technician 369

49-9021Oil Burner Repairer 93 49-3053Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small 386 Engine Mechanics 17-2171Oil Drilling Engineer 452 43-4111Outpatient Interviewing Clerk 145 17-2171Oil Exploration Engineer 452 29-1126Oxygen Therapist 245 47-5071Oil Field Roustabout 52 51-3022Oyster Shucker 397 51-8093Oil Pipeline Operator 409 51-9111Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and 418 51-8093Oil Refiner 409 Tenders

47-5071Oil Rig Roughneck 52 43-9051Packaging Clerk 158

47-5012Oil Well Cable Tool Operator 49 17-2112Packaging Engineer 450

47-5012Oil Well Driller 49 53-7064Packers and Packagers, Hand 491

53-7073Oil Well Pumper 495 27-2023Paddock Judge 287

21-1022Oncology Social Worker 326 47-2141Painters, Construction and Maintenance 83

47-2073Operating Engineers and Other Construction 77 39-4021Pallbearer 332 Equipment Operators 23-2011Paralegals and Legal Assistants 356 11-1021Operational Risk Manager 123 43-5051Parcel Post Clerk 151 15-2031Operations Analyst 137 53-3033Parcel Truck Driver 482 15-2031Operations Research Analysts 137 33-3051Park Police 366 51-9083Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians 417 53-6021Parking Attendants 485 29-2057Ophthalmic Medical Technicians 264 49-9091Parking Meter Collector 393 29-2057Ophthalmic Technologist 264 53-6021Parking Ramp Attendant 485 29-2081Opticians, Dispensing 266 21-1092Parole Agent 353 17-3027Optomechanical Technician 376 21-1092Parole Officer 353 29-1041Optometrists 239 47-2044Parquet Floor Layer 73 29-2055OR Tech 262 41-2022Parts Salespersons 435 29-1292Oral Hygienist 252 53-6061Passenger Attendants 487 11-9013Orchard Manager 29 43-4051Passenger Relations Representative 143 27-2041Orchestra Conductor 106 51-9012Pasteurizer 410 27-2041Orchestrator 106 35-1011Pastry Chef 288 43-4151Order Clerks 148 51-3011Pastry Finisher 318 31-1132Orderlies 271 29-2010Pathology Technician 253 25-1052Organic Chemistry Professor 171 31-9094Pathology Transcriptionist 280 19-1023Ornithologist 33

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 514 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 47-2071Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment 76 27-4021Photographers 116 Operators 25-4012Photography and Prints Curator 194 13-2072Payday Loan Officer 210 25-1121Photography Professor 176 43-3051Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks 141 25-1052Physical Chemistry Professor 171 43-1011Payroll Supervisor 138 25-1193Physical Education (PE) Professor 179 51-3092Peanut Butter Maker 399 31-2022Physical Therapist Aides 276 45-2092Pecan Gatherer 45 31-2021Physical Therapist Assistants 275 29-1031Pediatric Dietician 238 29-1123Physical Therapists 243 29-2061Pediatric Licensed Practical Nurse 265 31-2022Physical Therapy Aide 276 29-2091Pedorthist 267 29-1071Physician Assistants 241 41-3021Pension Agent 212 29-1123Physiotherapist 243 45-2092Pepper Picker 45 31-2021Physiotherapy Assistant 275 13-2052Personal Financial Advisors 208 25-1121Piano Professor 176 13-2052Personal Investment Adviser 208 47-2132Pipe Coverer 82 13-2020Personal Property Assessor 222 47-2132Pipe Insulator 82 43-6014Personal Secretary 156 51-4121Pipe Welder 405 39-9031Personal Trainer 339 47-2151Pipelayers 84 43-4161Personnel Clerk 149 39-1013Pit Boss 305 11-3121Personnel Manager 128 53-3031Pizza Delivery Driver 444 13-1071Personnel Recruiter 130 11-3051Plant Manager 126 37-2021Pest Control Workers 38 19-1013Plant Physiologist 32 37-3012Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, 39 Vegetation 51-4072Plastic Cup Fabricating Machine Operator 403

17-2171Petroleum Engineers 452 17-2041Plastics Engineer 447

51-8093Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery 409 47-2121Plate Glass Installer 80 Operators, and Gaugers 27-3043Playwright 112 51-9061Petroleum Sampler 414 47-2152Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 85 19-2042Petrologist 457 39-3011Poker Dealer 307 41-4011Pharmaceutical Sales Representative 438 33-3051Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers 366 31-9095Pharmacist Assistant 281 33-1012Police Lieutenant 359 29-2052Pharmacist Technician 261 19-3091Political Anthropologist 458 29-1051Pharmacists 240 17-2081Pollution Control Engineer 31 25-1071Pharmacology Professor 173 19-4042Pollution Control Technician 36 31-9095Pharmacy Aides 281 17-2041Polymerization Engineer 447 31-9095Pharmacy Clerk 281 27-4021Portrait Photographer 116 29-2052Pharmacy Technicians 261 11-3121Position Description Manager 128 31-9097Phlebotomists 283 43-5051Postal Service Clerks 151 31-9097Phlebotomy Technician 283 43-5052Postal Service Mail Carriers 152

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 515 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 43-5053Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and 153 43-3061Procurement Assistant 142 Processing Machine Operators 43-3061Procurement Clerks 142 43-5051Postal Service Window Clerk 151 11-3061Procurement Manager 127 11-9131Postal Supervisor 220 27-2012Producers and Directors 105 11-9131Postmaster 220 11-3051Production Control Manager 126 11-9131Postmasters and Mail Superintendents 220 17-3026Production Control Technologist 375 51-9111Potato Chip Packaging Machine Operator 418 13-1051Production Cost Estimator 57 51-3022Poultry Eviscerator 397 17-2112Production Engineer 450 17-2071Power Distribution Engineer 448 51-4041Production Machinist 402 51-8013Power Plant Operators 408 43-5061Production Scheduler 378 49-3053Power Saw Mechanic 386 43-5061Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks 378 49-2095Power Transformer Repairer 384 51-2028Programmable Logic Controller Assembler 395 49-2095Powerhouse Electrician 384 13-1031Property and Casualty Insurance Claims Examiner 204 51-8013Powerhouse Operator 408 13-2020Property Appraisers and Assessors 222 47-2221Precast Concrete Ironworker 88 11-9141Property, Real Estate, and Community 427 51-9083Precision Lens Centerer and Edger 417 Association Managers

45-3031Predatory Animal Trapper 47 51-2041Protector Plate Attacher 98

25-2051Pre-Kindergarten Education Intervention Teacher 188 11-9033Provost 163

25-2051Pre-Kindergarten Special Education Teacher 188 31-1133Psychiatric Aides 272

11-9031Preschool Director 161 29-1141Psychiatric Nurse 248

25-2011Preschool Head Start Teacher 181 31-1133Psychiatric Nursing Aide 272

25-2011Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education 181 43-6013Psychiatric Secretary 284

31-9095Prescription Clerk 281 21-1023Psychiatric Social Worker 327

27-3031Press Secretary 430 31-1133Psychiatric Technician Assistant 272

21-2011Priest 329 25-1066Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary 172

25-1081Primary Education Professor 175 21-1015Psychosocial Rehabilitation Counselor 323

51-5113Print Binding and Finishing Workers 121 49-2094Public Address System Mechanic 383

51-5112Printing Press Operators 120 23-1011Public Defender 354

51-1011Printing Worker Supervisor 394 29-1031Public Health Nutritionist 238

33-3012Prison Guard 363 25-1071Public Health Professor 173

33-1011Prison Guard Supervisor 358 21-1022Public Health Social Worker 326

49-2022Private Branch Exchange (PBX ) Installer and 118 43-4061Public Housing Interviewer 230 Repairer 11-2030Public Relations and Fundraising Managers 426 43-2011Private Branch Exchange Operator 139 27-3031Public Relations Specialists 430 21-1092Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment 353 Specialists 43-5031Public Safety Dispatcher 370

15-2031Procedure Analyst 137 43-5031Public Safety Telecommunicator 370

15-2031Process Analyst 137 43-5031Public Safety Telecommunicators 370

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 516 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 29-1127Public School Speech Therapist 246 43-4171Receptionists and Information Clerks 150

25-1122Public Speaking Professor 177 43-4071Records Clerk 144

53-3052Public Transit Bus Driver 483 25-1193Recreation and Fitness Studies Teachers, 179 Postsecondary 27-3031Publicity Writer 430 39-9032Recreation Workers 312 29-1123Pulmonary Physical Therapist 243 39-9032Recreational Activities Aide 312 41-4012Pulpwood Dealer 439 25-3021Recreational Activities Instructor 193 51-9021Pulverizer Operator 411 29-1125Recreational Therapists 244 53-7072Pump Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers 494 49-3092Recreational Vehicle (RV) Repairer 476 43-3061Purchasing Clerk 142 49-3092Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians 476 11-3061Purchasing Director 127 53-7081Recyclable Materials Collector 55 11-3061Purchasing Managers 127 47-2021Refractory Bricklayer 70 47-1011Quarry Boss 68 47-3011Refractory Tile Helper 89 21-2011Rabbi 329 53-7081Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors 55 27-2023Race Starter 287 11-2022Regional Sales Manager 425 27-3011Radio Disc Jockey 108 29-1292Registered Dental Hygienist 252 11-1021Radio Station Manager 123 29-2032Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer 255 13-1020Radio Time Buyer 372 29-2051Registered Diet Technician 260 29-2033Radioisotope Technologist 256 29-1141Registered Nurses 248 29-2034Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 257 25-1072Registered Nursing Professor 174 49-9062Radiology Equipment Servicer 390 29-1122Registered Occupational Therapist 242 53-7121Rail Car Loader 496 29-1126Registered Respiratory Therapist 245 53-4013Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey Operators, and 484 Hostlers 21-1015Rehabilitation Counselors 323

53-4013Railcar Switcher 484 49-2095Relay Technician 384

53-6051Railroad Car Inspector 233 21-2021Religious Education Director 330

51-9124Railroad Car Painter 419 43-3011Repossessor 214

49-1011Railroad Car Repair Supervisor 380 19-2031Research and Development Chemist 455

19-1031Range Ecologist 453 19-3091Research Archaeologist 458

27-2042Rapper 107 43-4181Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and 317 Travel Clerks 13-2020Real Estate Appraiser 222 39-9041Residence Life Coordinator 340 13-2020Real Estate Assessor 222 39-9041Residential Advisors 340 41-9021Real Estate Brokers 441 29-1126Respiratory Therapists 245 43-9061Real Estate Clerk 159 41-2031Retail Salespersons 436 13-2072Real Estate Loan Officer 210 13-1141Retirement Plan Specialist 135 41-9022Real Estate Sales Agents 442 13-2081Revenue Collector 224 41-1012Real Estate Sales Supervisor 432 47-1011Rig Supervisor 68 27-3092Realtime Captioner 113 49-9096Riggers 96

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 517 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 41-9022Right of Way Agent 442 43-6014Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except 156 Legal, Medical, and Executive 39-7010River Expedition Guide 311 43-3071Securities Teller 215 47-2071Road Grader 76 41-3031Securities Trader 213 47-4051Road Patcher 91 41-3031Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services 213 47-4051Road Sign Installer 91 Sales Agents

37-2021Rodent Exterminator 38 33-9032Security Guards 368

47-2181Roofers 86 25-3021Self-Enrichment Teachers 193

35-3041Room Service Food Server 298 17-3023Semiconductor Development Technician 374

47-5011Rotary Derrick Operator 48 51-9012Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and 410 Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 47-5012Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas 49 29-2010Serology Technician 253 39-3011Roulette Dealer 307 53-6031Service Station Attendant 486 47-5071Roustabouts, Oil and Gas 52 47-5013Service Unit Operators, Oil and Gas 50 43-5071Route Delivery Clerk 154 51-8031Sewage Plant Operator 54 53-3031Route Salesperson 444 51-6031Sewing Machine Operators 406 51-9032Rubber Trimmer 413 45-2093Sheep Shearer 46 43-5052Rural Route Carrier 152 47-2211Sheet Metal Former 87 49-3092RV Mechanic 476 47-2211Sheet Metal Workers 87 35-2021Salad Maker 294 47-2082Sheet Rock Taper 78 11-2022Sales Director 425 47-2181Shingles Roofer 86 11-2022Sales Managers 425 53-6061Ship Steward 487 41-4012Sales Representatives, Wholesale and 439 Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific 53-7121Ship Unloader 496 Products 43-5071Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks 154 41-4011Sales Representatives, Wholesale and 438 Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products 51-3022Shrimp Picker 397

35-2021Sandwich Maker 294 45-2093Shrimp Pond Laborer 46

49-2097Satellite Dish Installer 385 37-3011Shrub Planter 67

35-2014Saucier 292 39-7010Sightseeing Guide 311

43-5111Scale Attendant 379 51-4121Silver Solderer 405

43-9071Scanning Equipment Operators 160 35-9021Silverware Cleaner 300

49-3031School Bus Mechanic 471 39-3091Ski Lift Operator 309

35-2012School Cook 291 39-5094Skincare Specialists 337

37-2011School Custodian 303 39-6011Skycap 310

25-4022School Librarian 195 41-2012Slot Attendant 313

11-1011School Superintendent 122 39-1013Slot Key Person 305

13-1161Search Marketing Strategist 428 49-9091Slot Machine Mechanic 393

45-3031Seaweed Harvester 47 33-2011Smoke Jumper 361

25-2031Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and 186 51-3091Smokehouse Worker 398 Career/Technical Education

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 518 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 35-3023Snack Bar Attendant 296 25-1022Statistics Professor 167

11-9151Social and Community Service Managers 319 47-2073Steam Shovel Operator 77

21-1093Social and Human Service Assistants 328 31-9093Sterilization Specialist 279

19-4061Social Science Research Assistants 459 41-3031Stock Broker 213

15-1256Software Developers and Software Quality 351 53-7065Stockers and Order Fillers 492 Assurance Analysts and Testers 43-5071Store Receiving Clerk 154 19-1013Soil and Plant Scientists 32 53-7065Store Stocker 492 19-4071Soil Conservation Technician 37 17-1011Structural Architect 58 19-1031Soil Conservationist 453 17-3011Structural Drafter 62 17-2081Soil Engineer 31 17-3022Structural Engineering Technician 63 47-1011Solar Panel Installation Supervisor 68 47-2221Structural Iron and Steel Workers 88 47-2111Solar Photovoltaic Electrician 79 51-2041Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters 98 47-2152Solar Thermal Installer 85 13-2071Student Financial Aid Counselor 320 27-2041Songwriter 106 13-2071Student Loan Counselor 320 35-1011Sous Chef 288 13-1071Student Recruiter 130 25-9031Special Education Curriculum Specialist 198 21-1012Student Services Counselor 164 25-1081Special Education Professor 175 43-4151Subscription Clerk 148 25-2052Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten and 189 Elementary School 21-1018Substance Abuse, Behavioral Disorder, and 324 Mental Health Counselors 25-2057Special Education Teachers, Middle School 190 33-1021Supervising Fire Marshal 360 25-2051Special Education Teachers, Preschool 188 49-9062Surgical Instrument Mechanic 390 25-2058Special Education Teachers, Secondary School 191 41-4011Surgical Instruments Sales Representative 438 27-1014Special Effects Artist 102 31-1132Surgical Orderly 271 27-1014Special Effects Artists and Animators 102 29-2055Surgical Scrub Technologist 262 27-3042Specifications Writer 111 29-2055Surgical Technologists 262 29-1127Speech Clinician 246 17-3031Surveying and Mapping Technicians 64 29-1127Speech Therapist 246 17-1022Surveyors 60 29-1127Speech-Language Pathologists 246 31-9011Swedish Masseuse 331 47-2152Sprinkler Fitter 85 43-2011Switchboard Operators, Including Answering 139 53-7051Stacker Operator 488 Service

13-1071Staffing Coordinator 130 51-2028Synchronous Motor Assembler 395

27-2012Stage Manager 105 15-1211Systems Architect 343

47-2121Stained Glass Joiner 80 15-1251Systems Programmer 350

33-3051State Trooper 366 39-1013Table Games Supervisor 305

43-3021Statement Processor 462 51-6052Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers 342

51-8021Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators 99 27-3011Talk Show Host 108

15-2041Statistical Analyst 446 53-7121Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders 496

15-2041Statisticians 446 47-2082Tapers 78

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 519 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 35-3011Taproom Attendant 295 49-3093Tire Fixer 477

11-9051Tavern Operator 285 49-3093Tire Repairers and Changers 477

13-2081Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue 224 23-2093Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers 357 Agents 23-2093Title Officer 357 13-2081Tax Investigator 224 41-2011Toll Collector 433 13-2082Tax Preparers 211 17-3013Tool and Die Designer 373 43-5032Taxicab Dispatcher 465 17-2141Tool and Die Engineer 451 25-9045Teaching Assistants, Except Postsecondary 200 51-4033Tool Polishing Machine Operator 401 25-9044Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary 199 39-7010Tour and Travel Guides 311 27-3041Technical Editor 110 43-5032Tow Truck Dispatcher 465 27-3042Technical Writers 111 19-1042Toxicologist 235 17-2072Telecommunication Engineer 449 45-2091Tractor Operator 44 49-2022Telecommunications Equipment Installers and 118 Repairers, Except Line Installers 49-3031Tractor Trailer Mechanic 471

49-9052Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers 119 47-2141Traffic Line Painter 83

41-1012Telemarketer Supervisor 432 11-3071Traffic Safety Administrator 460

41-9041Telemarketers 443 33-1012Traffic Sergeant 359

41-9041Telemarketing Sales Representative 443 53-6061Train Attendant 487

43-2011Telephone Answering Service Operator 139 43-5032Train Dispatcher 465

49-9052Telephone Cable Splicer 119 43-4181Train Reservation Clerk 317

41-9041Telephone Solicitor 443 11-3131Training and Development Managers 129

43-2011Telephone Switchboard Operator 139 13-1151Training and Development Specialists 136

27-3043Television Writer 112 53-6051Transportation Inspectors 233

43-1011Teller Supervisor 138 33-9093Transportation Security Administration (TSA) Screener 228

43-3071Tellers 215 33-9093Transportation Security Officer 228

47-2181Terra Cotta Roofer 86 33-9093Transportation Security Screeners 228

39-3031Theater Usher 308 11-3071Transportation, Storage, and Distribution 460 Managers 29-1125Therapeutic Recreation Specialist 244 53-7081Trash Collector 55 49-9012Thermostat Repairer 92 41-3041Travel Agents 314 39-3031Ticket Collector 308 41-3041Travel Service Consultant 314 47-2044Tile and Stone Setters 73 37-3013Tree Specialist 40 19-4071Timber Management Technician 37 37-3013Tree Surgeon 40 43-3051Time and Attendance Clerk 141 37-3013Tree Trimmers and Pruners 40 15-2041Time Study Statistician 446 47-2151Trench Pipe Layer 84 17-3026Time Study Technician 375 23-1023Tribal Judge 355 43-3051Timekeeper 141 49-3021Truck Body Repairer 468 47-2211Tinsmith 87 29-2032Ultrasound Technologist 255 49-3093Tire Balancer 477

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 520 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 27-2023Umpires, Referees, and Other Sports Officials 287 19-2042Volcanologist 457

43-9041Underwriting Clerk 219 13-1071Volunteer Coordinator 130

43-4061Unemployment Benefits Claims Taker 230 35-3031Waiters and Waitresses 297

13-1075Union Representative 131 47-2082Wall Taper 78

11-9033University Dean 163 47-2041Wall-to-Wall Carpet Installer 72

11-9033University Department Chair 163 43-5071Warehouse Clerk 154

13-1111University Institutional Researcher 132 11-3071Warehouse Manager 460

11-1011University President 122 53-7065Warehouse Stocker 492

25-9044University Teaching Assistant 199 43-4031Warrant Clerk 229

19-3051Urban and Regional Planners 225 43-4051Warranty Clerk 143

41-2031Used Car Salesperson 436 49-9031Washing Machine Installer 387

39-3031Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers 308 51-8031Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and 54 System Operators 37-3013Utility Arborist 40 47-2151Water Main Pipe Layer 84 51-2028Vacuum Cleaner Assembler 395 19-2041Water Pollution Scientist 456 49-9031Vacuum Cleaner Repairer 387 17-2081Water Treatment Plant Engineer 31 53-6021Valet Parker 485 15-1257Web Developers and Digital Interface Designers 352 51-2028Vending Machine Assembler 395 51-5112Web Press Operator 120 49-9091Vending Machine Filler 393 13-1121Wedding Planner 133 31-9097Venipuncturist 283 37-3012Weed Sprayer 39 51-6052Vest Maker 342 43-5111Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, 379 21-1015Veterans Rehabilitation Counselor 323 Recordkeeping

31-9096Veterinarian Helper 282 43-5111Weighing Station Operator 379

29-1131Veterinarians 247 51-9198Welder Helper 423

31-9096Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal 282 51-4121Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers 405 Caretakers 51-9161Welding Robot Operator 420 31-9096Veterinary Attendant 282 47-5011Well Service Derrick Worker 48 29-1131Veterinary Cardiologist 247 47-5013Well Servicing Rig Operator 50 29-2056Veterinary Laboratory Technician 263 53-7073Wellhead Pumpers 495 29-1131Veterinary Medicine Scientist 247 53-7062Wharf Laborer 490 29-1131Veterinary Radiologist 247 41-4012Wholesale Diamond Broker 439 29-2056Veterinary Surgery Technologist 263 41-4011Wholesale Ultrasonic Equipment Salesperson 438 29-2056Veterinary Technologists and Technicians 263 15-1244Wide Area Network Administrator 348 29-2056Veterinary X-Ray Operator 263 39-5012Wig Stylist 335 27-4011Video Control Operator 114 45-3031Wild Oyster Harvester 47 27-4011Video Production Assistant 114 33-3031Wildlife and Game Protector 365 27-1024Visual Designer 104 33-3031Wildlife Officer 365 21-1015Vocational Rehabilitation Job Coach 323 19-4021Wildlife Technician 35

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 521 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA CAREERS IN NORTH DAKOTA 2021 EDITION

CODETITLE PAGE CODE TITLE PAGE 29-1131Wildlife Veterinarian 247

49-9081Wind Energy Technician 392

47-2221Wind Turbine Erector 88

49-9081Wind Turbine Mechanic 392

49-9081Wind Turbine Service Technicians 392

49-9031Window Air Conditioner Installer 387

27-1026Window Decorator 429

37-2011Window Washer 303

49-3022Windshield Installer 469

35-3031Wine Steward 297

47-4031Wire Fence Builder 90

49-2097Wireless Internet Installer 385

41-2031Women's Apparel Salesperson 436

47-4031Wood Fence Installer 90

47-2031Wood Floor Layer 71

51-7011Wood Furniture Assembler 407

27-3043Writers and Authors 112

29-2034X-Ray Technician 257

49-9096Yard Rigger 96

41-3011Yellow Pages Space Salesperson 437

39-9031Yoga Instructor 339

21-2021Youth Ministry Director 330

11-9151Youth Program Director 319

39-2021Zookeeper 41

19-1023Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists 33

Occupational titles in bold indicate an official title per the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system; all other titles are considered alternates. Occupation codes and page numbers are included for easy cross reference. This index is not exhaustive of all possible alternate titles.

LABOR MARKET INFORMATION CENTER 522 JOB SERVICE NORTH DAKOTA