Women in European Transport with a Focus on Research and Innovation
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Women in European transport with a focus on Research and Innovation An overview of women’s issues in transport based on the Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS) Ortega Hortelano, A., Grosso, M., Haq, G., Tsakalidis, A., Gkoumas, K., van Balen, M., and Pekár, F. 2019 EUR 29833 EN This publication is a Science for Policy report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. Contact information Name: Ferenc Pekár Address: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Vie E. Fermi 2749, I-21027, Ispra (VA) - Italy Email: [email protected] Tel.: +39 0332 783925 EU Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC117687 EUR 29833 EN PDF ISBN 978-92-76-09692-4 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2760/08493 Print ISBN 978-92-76-09691-7 ISSN 1018-5593 doi:10.2760/56299 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019 © European Union, 2019 The reuse policy of the European Commission is implemented by Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Reuse is authorised, provided the source of the document is acknowledged and its original meaning or message is not distorted. The European Commission shall not be liable for any consequence stemming from the reuse. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not owned by the EU, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. All content © European Union, 2019, except: Cover image © Rainer Fuhrmann - stock.adobe.com How to cite this report: Ortega Hortelano, A., Grosso, M., Haq, G., Tsakalidis, A., Gkoumas, K., van Balen, M., and Pekár, F., Women in European transport with a focus on Research and Innovation - An overview of women’s issues in transport based on the Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS), EUR 29833 EN, Publications Office of the European Union , Luxembourg , 2019, ISBN 978-92-76-09692-4, doi:10.2760/08493, JRC117687. Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Executive summary .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Women’s mobility and travel behaviour ......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Women’s personal security and transport ..................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Women and new transport technologies ........................................................................................................................................ 6 2 Overview of European initiatives and regulations ................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Gender equality in the EU ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8 2.2 Promoting gender equality within the European science and research ...................................................................... 8 2.3 Promoting gender equality within the transport sector ........................................................................................................ 9 3 Evolution of research projects regarding women’s challenges in transport ..................................................................... 11 3.1 Strongly connected projects ................................................................................................................................................................ 15 4 Women's participation in transport research and innovation .................................................................................................... 18 4.1 Women ‘s presence in the transport sector and in the research domain ............................................................... 18 4.2 Case study on the presence of women researchers in transport R&I ....................................................................... 20 4.3 Analysis of research-related occupations and tasks of women in transport ....................................................... 21 4.3.1 Occupations associated with transport research ................................................................................................... 24 4.3.2 Task-based analysis of occupations associated to transport research ................................................... 27 5 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30 References .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32 List of abbreviations and definitions ................................................................................................................................................................. 36 List of figures ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38 List of tables ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39 Annexes ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 40 Annex 1. ISCO-08 occupations linked to research occupations used in this report ................................................... 40 Annex 2. Statistical classification of economic activities (NACE), Revision 2 transport-related sectors ...... 41 Annex 3. Table with strongly connected projects ranked by start year. ............................................................................ 44 i Abstract Gender differences exist with regard to access to transport and mobility, transport safety, personal security, and participation in the transport sector. This report analyses gender differences in the transport sector across the European Union (EU). It identifies key issues based on a survey of relevant literature and summarises EU policy initiatives and regulations that address gender equality and transport. The study examines the status and evolution of European research in tackling women’s issues in transport and analyses women's participation in transport research and innovation activities. It assesses the progress to date and identifies challenges and opportunities concerning women and mobility. It concludes by providing policy recommendations to overcome the main barriers to gender equality in transport. 1 Acknowledgements The European Commission’s (EC) Joint Research Centre (JRC) is responsible for the development of the Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). This report has been undertaken in collaboration with the Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport (DG MOVE) and the Directorate-General for Research and Innovation (DG RTD), which are co-leading the Strategic Transport Research and Innovation Agenda (STRIA). The authors would like to thank gender and transport specialist Jeff Turner for his helpful comments, and Enrique Fernández-Macías for providing data on transport occupations. The views expressed here are purely those of the authors and may not, under any circumstances, be regarded as an official position of the European Commission. Authors Alejandro Ortega Hortelano, Joint Research Centre Monica Grosso, Joint Research Centre Gary Haq, Joint Research Centre Anastasios Tsakalidis, Joint Research Centre Konstantinos Gkoumas, Joint Research Centre Mitchell van Balen, Joint Research Centre Ferenc Pekár, Joint Research Centre 2 Executive summary The Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS) is the analytical support tool for the establishment and implementation of the Strategic