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An Interview with Pearl Harbor Survivor Captain Victor Delano

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An Interview with Pearl Harbor Survivor Captain Victor Delano Dav of Infamy: An Interview with Pearl Harbor Survivor Captain Victor Delano Interviewer: Tom McMackin Instructor: Mr. Alex Haight Dale of Submission; February 12, 2007 OH MCM 2007 McMackin, Tom Tabic of Contents Inlerviewer/Interviewee release forms 2 Statement of Purpose 3 Biography 4-5 Historical Contextualization- "The origins and events ofthc attack on Pearl Harbor" 6-26 Interview Transcription 27-54 Interview Analysis 55-59 Appendix A 60 Time Indexing Recording Log 61 Works consuhed 62-63 ) St-Andrew's EPISCOPAL SCHOOL American Century Oral History Project Interviewee Release Form 1,. v/cr^(<V I CT^t^ - <^'XJ^l.^/^AJtP' hereby give and grant lo St. Andrew's (interviewee) Episcopal School the absolute and unqualified right to the use ofmy oral history memoir conducted by lor--x / ^ t.'/\i^L[^i r^ on \L / ["^ / oL I understand that (student interviewer) (date) the purpose of this project is lo collect audio- and video-taped oral histories of first-hand memories ofa particular period or event in history as part ofa classroom project (The American Century Project). I understand that these interviews (tapes and transcripts) will be deposited in the Saint Andrew's Episcopal School library and archives for the use by ftiture students, educators and researchers. Responsibility for the creation of derivative works will be at the discretion of the librarian, archivist and/or project coordinator. I also understand that the tapes and transcripts may be used in public presentations including, but not limited to, books, audio or video documentaries, slide-tape presentations, exhibits, articles, public performance, or presentation on the World Wide Web at the project's web site www.americancenturyproject.org or successor technologies. in making this contract I understand thai I am sharing with St. Andrew's Episcopal School librar>' and archives all legal title and literary property rights which I have or may be deemed to have in my interview as well as my right, title and interest in any copyright related to this oral history interview which may be secured under the laws now or later in force and effect in the Uniled States of America. This gift, however, does not preclude any use that I myself want to make of the informalion in these transcripts and recordings. I herein warrant that I have not assigned or in any manner encumbered or impaired any of the aforementioned rights in my oral memoir. The only conditions which I place on this unrestricted gif^ are: 2. 3. Signaturgnature of Intervrewce.'Donor Type or Print Name Address Dale 8804 Postoak Road • Potomac, MD 20854 • Phone 301-983-5200 • Fax 301-983-4710 • www.saes.org McMackin 3 Statement of Purpose Tlu'ough an oral interview wilh Captain Victor Delano, a Pearl Harbor survivor, I hope to record and preserve his experiences concerning the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor and its historical significance. I will not only record Captain Delano's experiences but also attempt to analyze his perspectives within the context of what protessional historians have wrilten about the subject. I believe il is important, since resources like Captain Delano will nol always be available, to preserve the invaluable perspectives of the actual witnesses ofthc landmark events in American history such as the attack on Pearl Harbor. Without the perspectives of individuals like Captain Delano, il is impossible lo develop a full understanding ofthc events that have shaped our history. ) \ } } ) ) McMackin 4 Biography Captain Victor Delano, a distant cousin of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, was born on December 20''\ 1919, in Washington. His father was an officer in the United States Navy and evenlually became the Chief of Staff for whal was known as the "European Squadron." Captain Delano often traveled as a young child because of his father's various assignments. Wlien he was aboul five years old, Capt. Delano spent time in the Mediterranean. Laler, at the age of seven, he returned to the United Slates and took up residence with his grandparents in Wicliita, Kansas, where he attended school for two years. He then went to school in Boston for a year and in Washington for thi'ee more years. In the early thirties, Capt. Delano's father was stationed in Newport, Rhode Island. In order to live with his father, Capt. Delano transferred to Rodger's Highsehool for tlu'ee years. He wouki spend his senior year at Severn School in Severna Park, Maryland. Following high school, he emolled in the Uniled Slales Naval Academy. On July 2"'', 1939, Capt. Delano entered the Navy with the rank of Ensign. He was assigned to Pearl Harbor for service on the U.S.S. West Virginia as the assistant plotting room officer, responsible for control of the battleship's 16-inehguns. Capt. Delano was at liis post on Dec. 7, 1941, when Japan launched a surprise attack against the Pearl Harbor. Having survived the attacks, he was em*olled on the U.S.S. Pennsylvania. He would serve with distinction as a surface warfare officer aboard battleships, cruisers, and amphibious crafts. After having been involved in both World War II and the Korean War, Capt. Delano retii*ed fi-om the Navy on Dec. 1, 1969. During his career he had been awarded two Legions of Merit, one Purple Heart, one Bronze Star, three Letters of Coimnendation, and various other honors. Following his retirement fi-om the Navy, he McMackin 5 was the president ofa newspaper publishing company m Kansas. Currently, he alternates liis tune between Naples, Florida, and Chevy Chase, Maryland. He enjoys playing golf and spending time with his daughter, son, and grandchildren. McMackin 6 The origins and events of the attack on Pearl Harbor The date was December 7", 1941 , and by all appearances it was nothhig bul an ordinary Sunday morning on the island of Oahu, Hawaii for lawyer and amateur pilot Roy Vilousek. He and his son Martin had taken tlieii- small Aeronca aucraft for an early morning spin. Their flight was coming to a close when the two saw the first explosions on Ford Island, the military airstrip in the center of the nearby naval installation. Pearl Harbor. As he descended, more explosions violently ripped through the harbor. Vilousek spotted a group of low flying aircraft darling away from the explosions. The planes approached closer, and he strained his eyes to catch a glimpse. Much to his aslonishment the vibrant red ofa rising sun was clearly distinguishable on the ftiselage of the planes. Though he did not fiiUy understand the implications of what he saw, deep down he knew that tilings were never again going to be the same (Lord 82). That morning Roy Vilousek witnessed a landmark event m American history, Japan's surprise bombing of the United States, wiiich would serve as the dii-ect catalyst for America's entry into World War II. Historian Gordon Prange slated about the attack on Pearl Harbor, "It combmed so much, so suddenly, so unexpectedly, so spectacularly m such brief and tragic compass. It embraced so much which in the perspective of years slill seems inexplicable and mysterious" (XV). Prange is correct to emphasize the complex nature ofthc attack, but the attack on Pearl Harbor was not a totally unexplainable occurrence of nature; rather, it was the product ofa precisely laid oul and executed Japanese plan, as well as, on a more basic level, growing tensions belween the two great powers of the Pacific, Japan and the United States. Consequently, in order lo better understand the events of December T\ 1941, one must firsl examine the development of Japanese-American relationships, the McMackin 7 technical aspects of the attack ilself, the historical interpretations of Pearl Harbor to date, as well as gain a fii'sl-hand perspective fi"om someone who was there. To a large degree the history of Ameiica's relationship wilh Japan and, therefore the llistory of the attack on Pearl Harbor, beguis with Conmiodore Matthew C. Perry's famous expedition to the Japanese home island in 1852. President Fillmore had charged Conmiodore Perry wilh the task of establishing relations with Japan, asking him to secure "Iriendship, coiniiierce, a supply of coal, and provisions for our shipwrecked people" (qtd. in Costello 14). Employing a show of bravado that impressed the industrially primitive Japanese people, Conmiodore Perry successfiilly carried out his task of charming the, as he says, "weak and semi-barbarous people" (qtd. in Costello 14) into the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1857, which gave the Uniled Stated trading rights to five Japanese ports. Prange comments on the historical significance ofthis event in his book At Dawn We Slept, writing, "Since Commodore Matthew Perry had opened Japan to the modern world, the two nations had enjoyed a unique history of fiiendship and mutually profitable trade" (5). Unfortunately, whatever goodwill existed between the nations could not survive the tensions created by the rise of Japan and the United States as the two imperial powers vying for ideological, economic, and strategic control of the Pacific. In 1839 Journalist Jolm O'Sullivan coined the phi-ase "America's Manifest Destiny" which referred to America's God-given right to expand across the continent to the Pacific. As soon as it became clear that the great West was rapidly slu'inkmg, America began lo look beyond the West Coast towards the Pacific. After emergmg fi'om the costly Civil War, the United States' expansion efforts were greatly curtailed by a Congress that was reluctant to sustain a large navy during the arduous Reconstruction McMackin 8 following the Civil War. Nevertheless, in 1867 William H. Seward commenced America's path to becoming a great power in the Pacific by purchasing Alaska fi-om Russia for $7.2 Million and annexing the Midway islands to serve as a coaling station for the U.S.
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