Upholding God’s Essence: Ibn Taymiyya on the Createdness of the Spirit* Mohamed A. Moustafa** Abstract: Although scholarly attention has been paid to Ibn al-Qayyim’s popular Kitāb al-rūḥ, the soul- related views of his master are still ignored. Hence, this paper traces some of these ideas in Ibn Taymiyya’s Khalq al-rūḥ, in which he asserts the soul’s origination rather than its eternity, so as to uphold the idea of God’s essence. This paper consists of two parts. Part I problematizesKhalq in light of previous research, presents the sources of the study, and addresses some concepts that are significant for appreciating the development of its main argument. The five major arguments that Ibn Taymiyya invokes to justify his viewpoint shall be reconstructed from Khalq. Likewise, some of the ambiguities surrounding his identification of those who hold opposite views shall be resolved. Part II provides an annotated translation of Khalq. Keywords: Soul, spirit, eternity, origination, corporeality, Christology, antinomianism, eschatology, relation * Work on this paper started during an MA Fulbright scholarship at Hartford Seminary, Connecticut (Jan 2013-Feb 2015). An earlier version was presented at the University of Geneva’s international colloquium “The Body’s Mind and the Mind’s Body” (April 13, 2016). Thanks to theNazariyat ’s reviewers for their comments, Yahya Michot for reading Khalq with me, as well as Frank Griffel, Steven Blackburn, Mahmoud Ayoub, Jon Hoover, and Tzvi Langermann for their notes. ** Assistant Lecturer, al-Azhar University, Faculty of Languages and Translation. Correspondence:
[email protected] DOI dx.doi.org/10.12658/Nazariyat.3.1.M0035en Cite© Moustafa, Mohamed A., “Upholding God’s Essence: Ibn Taymiyya on the Createdness of the Spirit”, Nazariyat Journal for the History of Islamic Philosophy and Sciences 3/2 (May 2017): 1-43.