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Mountain Laurel Or Rhododendron? Recreation Area Vol
U.S. Dept. of the Interior National Park Service . Spanning the Gap The newsletter of Delaware Water Gap National Mountain Laurel or Rhododendron? Recreation Area Vol. 7 No. 2 Summer 1984 These two members of the plant kingdom are often confused. Especially before they blossom, they resemble each other with their bushy appearance and long, dark-green leaves. Both plants ARE shrubs, and they are often seen growing together. Another thing they have in common: although some species have not been proven dangerous, it is well to consider ALL members of the laurel- (Above) Rhodendron. rhododendron-azalea group of plants as potentially toxic. The rhododendron (rhododenron maximum) is undoubtedly the most conspicuous understory plant in the mountain forests of Pennsylvania. In ravines and hollows and along shaded watercourses it often grows so luxuriantly as to form almost impenetrable tangles. In June or early July, large clusters of showy blossoms, ranging from white to light rosy- pink, appear at the ends of the branchlets. People travel many miles to witness the magnificent show which is provided by the rhododendron at flowering time. In the southern Appalachians the plant grows much larger than it ordinarily does in this area, often becoming a tree 25 feet or more in height. The dense thickets of rhododendron in the stream valleys and on the lower slopes of our mountains are favorite yarding grounds for deer when the Rhodendron. snows become deep in the wintertime. The dark- green, leathery leaves react to subfreezing temperatures by bending downward and rolling into a tight coil. Although the shrub is often browsed to excess, it has little or no nutritional value. -
Untangling Phylogenetic Patterns and Taxonomic Confusion in Tribe Caryophylleae (Caryophyllaceae) with Special Focus on Generic
TAXON 67 (1) • February 2018: 83–112 Madhani & al. • Phylogeny and taxonomy of Caryophylleae (Caryophyllaceae) Untangling phylogenetic patterns and taxonomic confusion in tribe Caryophylleae (Caryophyllaceae) with special focus on generic boundaries Hossein Madhani,1 Richard Rabeler,2 Atefeh Pirani,3 Bengt Oxelman,4 Guenther Heubl5 & Shahin Zarre1 1 Department of Plant Science, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran 2 University of Michigan Herbarium-EEB, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108-2228, U.S.A. 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1436, Mashhad, Iran 4 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden 5 Biodiversity Research – Systematic Botany, Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 München, Germany; and GeoBio Center LMU Author for correspondence: Shahin Zarre, [email protected] DOI https://doi.org/10.12705/671.6 Abstract Assigning correct names to taxa is a challenging goal in the taxonomy of many groups within the Caryophyllaceae. This challenge is most serious in tribe Caryophylleae since the supposed genera seem to be highly artificial, and the available morphological evidence cannot effectively be used for delimitation and exact determination of taxa. The main goal of the present study was to re-assess the monophyly of the genera currently recognized in this tribe using molecular phylogenetic data. We used the sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the chloroplast gene rps16 for 135 and 94 accessions, respectively, representing all 16 genera currently recognized in the tribe Caryophylleae, with a rich sampling of Gypsophila as one of the most heterogeneous groups in the tribe. -
December 2010 ---International Rock Gardener
International Rock Gardener Number 12 + Index The Scottish Rock Garden Club December 2010 ---International Rock Gardener--- December 2010 With this issue IRG completes its first year in existence – we hope you have enjoyed our efforts. The IRG Team thanks you for your words of advice and encouragement and invites you to submit ideas, articles and photographs for future editions. We in the IRG Team are greatly indebted to a former SRGC President, T. Glassford Sprunt for his preparation of an Index for the 12 issues of IRG for 2010, which is appended to this edition. A reminder that you may make any feedback in the Forum of the SRGC. The Forum is, like the main website of the SRGC, available to all to read. To make a post, of text or photos, a simple process of registration is all that is required. The Forum is also a huge resource of information and photographs of thousands of plants and places. It has a search facility to help you find what you are looking for. Currently there are over 170 thousand posts in around 5300 topics! In this season where many gardeners in the northern hemisphere are experiencing cold and snowy weather it seems appropriate to have this photo of Paeonia ‘Joseph Rock’ and the Karlik Church, taken by ZZ, as the IRG cover picture. Wherever you are in the world, may you find peace and happiness now and in the year to come. ---Gardens in the Mountains--- Lallemantia canescens by Prague PEPiPEDIA Lallemantia canescens (syn. Dracocephalum canescens) grows in Turkey, Armenia and Iran at altitudes of 1500- 3300 m. -
Acer Miyabei
Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Species: Acer miyabei (ay'ser mi-YA-bee-eye) Miyabe Maple Cultivar Information * See specific cultivar notes on next page. Ornamental Characteristics Size: Tree < 30 feet Height: 35'-45', Width: 30' Leaves: Deciduous Shape: upright oval to rounded, can have open or dense branching, low branching Ornamental Other: prefers full sun, tolerates partial shade Environmental Characteristics Light: Full sun, Part shade Hardy To Zone: 5a Soil Ph: Can tolerate acid to alkaline soil (pH 5.0 to 8.0) CU Structural Soil™: Yes Insect Disease none of significance Bare Root Transplanting Easy Other easy to transplant B&B or < 2.5" caliper bare root. Native to Japan Moisture Tolerance 1 Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Occasionally saturated Consistently moist, Occasional periods of Prolonged periods of or very wet soil well-drained soil dry soil dry soil 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Cultivars for Acer miyabei Showing 1-2 of 2 items. Cultivar Name Notes Rugged Ridge 'Rugged Ridge' - more deeply furrowed corky bark than species State Street 'State Street' (a.k.a. Morton) - hardy to zone 4; upright oval form; good uniform branching; dark green foliage; good golden yellow fall color; possibly fast growing 3 Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Photos Acer miyabei trunk Acer miyabei foliage 4 Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Acer miyabei habit Acer miyabei - Bark 5 Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Acer miyabei - Leaf Acer miyabei - Habit 6. -
Do Zoos Work at Raising Awareness? Quantifying the Impact of Informal Education on Adults Visiting Japanese Zoos
________________________________________________________ Do zoos work at raising awareness? Quantifying the impact of informal education on adults visiting Japanese zoos ___________________________________________________________________ AYAKO UOZUMI “A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science and the Diploma of Imperial College London.” September 2010 1 DECLARATION OF OWN WORK I declare that this thesis (insert full title) …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… is entirely my own work and that where material could be construed as the work of others, it is fully cited and referenced, and/or with appropriate acknowledgement given. Signature …………………………………………………….. Name of student …………………………………………….. (please print) Name of Supervisor …………………………………………. 2 1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES..........................................................................................................................................10 1.2 OVERVIEW OF THESIS STRUCTURE ....................................................................................................................10 2 BACKGROUND........................................................................................................................................11 2.1 A BRIEF HISTORY OF -
Kalmia Procumbens (L.) Gift & Kron Synonym: Loiseleuria Procumbens (L.) Desv
Kalmia procumbens (L.) Gift & Kron synonym: Loiseleuria procumbens (L.) Desv. alpine azalea Ericaceae - heath family status: State Threatened, BLM sensitive, USFS sensitive rank: G5 / S1 General Description: Adapted from Douglas et al. (1998-2002): A diffusely branched, dwarf evergreen shrub, trailing on the ground without rooting at the nodes. Stems 5-30 cm long, hairless or minutely hairy. Leaves with partially clasping stalks, opposite; blades leathery, bright green, narrowly elliptic, 3-8 x 1-3 mm, hairless above, short hairs below, with revolute margins. Floral Characteristics: Flowers 2-6, light to deep pink, clustered in axils of upper stem leaves, erect on short stalks 1-10 mm long, straight or curved. Corolla bell-shaped, 5-lobed, 4-5 mm long. Calyx red, 1.5-2.5 mm long, hairless, persistent. Stamens 5, anthers unawned, opening full length by slits. Fruits: Ovoid capsules 3-5 x 2-3 mm. Identifiable July to August. Identification Tips: Phyllodoce species are closely related to Kalmia, but they have alternate, linear leaves 6-16 mm long, usually 10 stamens, and anthers that open by two terminal pores. Cassiope species have smaller leaves (less than 5 mm long) lacking revolute margins, awned anthers that open by terminal pores, and usually nodding flowers. K. procumbens differs from K. microphylla (two varieties occur in Washington) in having capsules with 2-3 chambers, smaller petals ( 3-5 mm vs. 7-9 mm) cleft half their length, and 5 stamens. K. © Margaret Williams microphylla has capsules with 5 chambers, petals that are only shallowly cleft, and 10 stamens. Range: Circumpolar. -
2. ACER Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1054. 1753. 枫属 Feng Shu Trees Or Shrubs
Fl. China 11: 516–553. 2008. 2. ACER Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1054. 1753. 枫属 feng shu Trees or shrubs. Leaves mostly simple and palmately lobed or at least palmately veined, in a few species pinnately veined and entire or toothed, or pinnately or palmately 3–5-foliolate. Inflorescence corymbiform or umbelliform, sometimes racemose or large paniculate. Sepals (4 or)5, rarely 6. Petals (4 or)5, rarely 6, seldom absent. Stamens (4 or 5 or)8(or 10 or 12); filaments distinct. Carpels 2; ovules (1 or)2 per locule. Fruit a winged schizocarp, commonly a double samara, usually 1-seeded; embryo oily or starchy, radicle elongate, cotyledons 2, green, flat or plicate; endosperm absent. 2n = 26. About 129 species: widespread in both temperate and tropical regions of N Africa, Asia, Europe, and Central and North America; 99 species (61 endemic, three introduced) in China. Acer lanceolatum Molliard (Bull. Soc. Bot. France 50: 134. 1903), described from Guangxi, is an uncertain species and is therefore not accepted here. The type specimen, in Berlin (B), has been destroyed. Up to now, no additional specimens have been found that could help clarify the application of this name. Worldwide, Japanese maples are famous for their autumn color, and there are over 400 cultivars. Also, many Chinese maple trees have beautiful autumn colors and have been cultivated widely in Chinese gardens, such as Acer buergerianum, A. davidii, A. duplicatoserratum, A. griseum, A. pictum, A. tataricum subsp. ginnala, A. triflorum, A. truncatum, and A. wilsonii. In winter, the snake-bark maples (A. davidii and its relatives) and paper-bark maple (A. -
NVEO 2017, Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages 14-27
Nat. Volatiles & Essent. Oils, 2017: 4(4): 14-27 Celep & Dirmenci REVIEW Systematic and Biogeographic overview of Lamiaceae in Turkey Ferhat Celep1,* and Tuncay Dirmenci2 1 Mehmet Akif Ersoy mah. 269. cad. Urankent Prestij Konutları, C16 Blok, No: 53, Demetevler, Ankara, TURKEY 2 Biology Education, Necatibey Education Faculty, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, TURKEY *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Lamiaceae is the third largest family based on the taxon number and fourth largest family based on the species number in Turkey. The family has 48 genera and 782 taxa (603 species, 179 subspecies and varieties), 346 taxa (271 species, 75 subspecies and varieties) of which are endemic (ca. 44%) (data updated 1th February 2017) in the country. There are also 23 hybrid species, 19 of which are endemic (82%). The results proven that Turkey is one of the centers of diversity for Lamiaceae in the Old World. In addition, Turkey has about 10% of all Lamiaceae members in the World. The largest five genera in the country based on the taxon number are Stachys (118 taxa), Salvia (107 taxa), Sideritis (54 taxa), Phlomis (53 taxa) and Teucrium (49 taxa). According to taxon number, five genera with the highest endemism ratio are Dorystaechas (1 taxon, 100%), Lophantus (1 taxon, 100%), Sideritis (54 taxa, 74%), Drymosiphon (9 taxa, 67%), and Marrubium (27 taxa, 63%). There are two monotypic genera in Turkey as Dorystaechas and Pentapleura. Turkey sits on the junction of three phytogeographic regions with highly diverse climate and the other ecologic features. Phytogeographic distribution of Turkish Lamiaceae taxa are 293 taxa in the Mediterranean (37.4%), 267 taxa in the Irano-Turanian (36.7%), 90 taxa in the Euro-Siberian (Circumboreal) phytogeographic region, and 112 taxa in Unknown or Multiregional (14.3%) phytogeographical elements. -
Maples in the Landscape Sheriden Hansen, Jaydee Gunnell, and Andra Emmertson
EXTENSION.USU.EDU Maples in the Landscape Sheriden Hansen, JayDee Gunnell, and Andra Emmertson Introduction Maple trees (Acer sp.) are a common fixture and beautiful addition to Utah landscapes. There are over one hundred species, each with numerous cultivars (cultivated varieties) that are native to both North America and much of Northern Europe. Trees vary in size and shape, from small, almost prostrate forms like certain Japanese maples (Acer palmatum) and shrubby bigtooth maples (Acer grandidentatum) to large and stately shade trees like the Norway maple (Acer platanoides). Tree shape can vary greatly, ranging from upright, columnar, rounded, pyramidal to spreading. Because trees come in a Figure 1. Severe iron chlorosis on maple. Note the range of shapes and sizes, there is almost always a interveinal chlorosis characterized by the yellow leaves spot in a landscape that can be enhanced by the and green veins. Spotting on the leaves is indicative of the addition of a maple. Maples can create a focal point beginning of tissue necrosis from a chronic lack of iron. and ornamental interest in the landscape, providing interesting textures and colors, and of course, shade. some micronutrients, particularly iron, to be less Fall colors typically range from yellow to bright red, available, making it difficult for certain trees to take adding a burst of color to the landscape late in the up needed nutrients. A common problem associated season. with maples in the Intermountain West is iron chlorosis (Figure 1). This nutrient deficiency causes Recommended Cultivars yellowing leaves (chlorosis) with green veins, and in extreme conditions, can cause death of leaf edges. -
Tree Planting and Management
COMMONWEALTH WAR GRAVES COMMISSION Tree Planting and Management Breadth of Opportunity The spread of the Commission's responsibilities over some 148 countries in temperate, mediterranean, tropical and desert climates provides wonderful opportunities to experiment with nature's wealth of tree species. We are particularly fortunate in being able to grow many interesting and beautiful trees and we will explain how we manage them and what splendid specimens they can make. Why Plant Trees? Trees are planted for a variety of reasons: their amenity value, leaf shape and size, flowers, fruit, habit, form, bark, landscape value, shelter or screening, backcloth planting, shade, noise and pollution reduction, soil stabilisation and to encourage wild life. Often we plant trees solely for their amenity value. That is, the beauty of the tree itself. This can be from the leaves such as those in Robinia pseudoacacia 'Frisia', the flowers in the tropical tree Tabebuia or Albizia, the crimson stems of the sealing wax palm (Cyrtostachys renda), or the fruit as in Magnolia grandiflora. above: Sealing wax palms at Taiping War Cemetery, Malaysia with insert of the fruit of Magnolia grandiflora Selection Generally speaking the form of the left: The tropical tree Tabebuia tree is very often a major contributing factor and this, together with a sound knowledge of below: Flowers of the tropical the situation in which the tree is to tree Albizia julibrissin be grown, guides the decision to the best choice of species. Exposure is a major limitation to the free choice of species in northern Europe especially and trees such as Sorbus, Betula, Tilia, Fraxinus, Crataegus and fastigiate yews play an important role in any landscape design where the elements are seriously against a wider selection. -
Gliding Ability of the Siberian Flying Squirrel Pteromys Volans Orii
Mammal Study 32: 151–154 (2007) © the Mammalogical Society of Japan Gliding ability of the Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans orii Yushin Asari1,2, Hisashi Yanagawa2,* and Tatsuo Oshida2 1 The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan 2 Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan Abstract. Forest fragmentation is a threat to flying squirrel population due to dependence on gliding locomotion in forests. Therefore, it is essential to understand their gliding ability. The gliding locomotion of Pteromys volans orii, were observed from July 2003 to June 2005, in Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan. The horizontal distance and glide ratio obtained from 31 glides were employed as indicators to know their gliding ability. The gliding ability was not affected by weight and sex in the Siberian flying squirrel. Mean horizontal distance and glide ratio were 18.90 m and 1.70 with great variation. Although maximum values were 49.40 m (horizontal distance) and 3.31 (glide ratio), most of the horizontal distance and glide ratio were in the ‘10–20 m’ and ‘1.0–1.5’, respectively. Therefore, to retain the flying squirrel populations, forest gaps should not exceed the distance traversable with a glide ratio of 1.0 (distance between forests/tree height at the forest edg). Key words: gliding ability, gliding ratio, horizontal distance, Pteromys volans orii. The Siberian flying squirrel, Pteromys volans, ranges The key purposes of gliding may be to avoid predators over northern parts of the Eurasia, and from Korea to or to minimize the energy costs of moving (Goldingay Hokkaido, Japan. -
Kalmia Latifolia Family: Ericaceae Mountain Laurel
Kalmia latifolia Family: Ericaceae Mountain Laurel The genus Kalmia contains about 7 species native to North America. Mountain Laurel is the only species that attains tree size, the other six are shrubs. The genus Kalmia was dedicated by Linnaeus to his student Peter Kalm (1716-1779), Swedish botanist who traveled and collected in Canada and eastern United States. Kalmia latifolia-American Briar, American Laurel, Big Leaved Ivy, Burl Laurel, Calico Bush, Calico-flower, Calico-tree, Ivy, Ivy Bush, Ivy Leaf Laurel, Ivywood, Kalmia, Lambkill, Laurel, Laurelwood, Mountain, Mountain Ivy, Pale Laurel, Poison Ivy, Poison Laurel, Root Laurel, Sheep Laurel, Small Laurel, Spoonwood, Wicky Distribution Southeast Maine west to New York, Ohio and southern Indiana south to western Tennessee, eastern Mississippi and southeast Louisiana east to northern Florida and Georgia. The Tree Mountain Laurel is a large shrub, occasionally reaching tree size (reaching 40 feet tall & 2 feet in diameter) in the eastern US. The leaves, buds, flowers and fruits are poisonous to humans and cattle, but not to indigenous wildlife such as deer. It has leathery, evergreen leaves and very showy flower clusters, making it a favorite plant for ornamental purposes. It prefers acid soils from lowlands to 4,000 feet elevations. It grows in association with oaks, tulip poplar, beech, sugar maple, white pine and sourwood. The Wood General The wood of Mountain Laurel is heavy, hard, strong but rather brittle, with a close, straight grain. It has a light yellow sapwood and a yellow brown heartwood, spotted with red. Mechanical Propertiesa,b (2-inch standard) Compression Specific MOE MOR Parallel Perpendicular WMLa Hardness Shear gravity GPa MPa MPa MPa kJ/m3 N MPa Green 0.62 6.34 57.9 29.7 7.65 86 5,782 11.51 Dry 0.68 8.27 76.5 40.2 12.55 71 7,962 – aWML = Work to maximum load.