1998 FINAL REPORT

irds of the BookCliffs BASELINE INVENTORY

Utah Division of Wildlile Resources Northeastern Regional Office Vernal, December 1998 TABLE of CONTENTS

Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Study Area 3 Figure 1: Survey Overview 4 Methods 5 Table 1: Habitat Classifications 7 Results 9 Table 2: Species Observations by Habitat 9 Table 3: Species Richness of Repeated Suneys 10 Discussion 12 Recommendations 14 References 16 Appendices 17 Appendix A: Checklist of Birds 18 Appendix B: Maps 26 Appendix C: Selected AOU Codes 33 Appendix D: Species Lists by Transect 36 1

ABSTRACT

Twenty point count surveys were conducted in 1998 as part of the Book Cliffs Baseline Bird Inventory monitoring effort.Ten of these transects were initially established in 1995 and were repeated in 1996 and 1997 and 1998. Four transects were repeated from the routes first established in 1996. Six transects were repeated from those initially established in 1997. Species observations on repeated transects in 1998 increased by an average of 1.5 species/transect.Two new species were added to the Birds of the Book Cliffs checklist: Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata ) and Sage Sparrow (Amphispiza belli).

INTRODUCTION

The Book Cliffs Baseline Bird Inventory was initially designed to monitor bird populations over time in the Book Cliffs Conservation Initiative (BCCI) area. A public input effort now underway, the Book Cliffs Coordinated Resource Management Plan (BCCRMP), may change the boundaries of the original BCCI designation and thus this study effort is no longer tied to that designation. The original purpose of initiating this and other baseline wildlife studies within the Book Cliffs was to document wildlife species and population changes resulting from habitat restoration and enhancement activities. Since the first year efforts in the more restricted BCCI area, transects were expanded in 1996 and 1997 to include habitats throughout the East Tavaputs Plateau. Transects have now been established from the White River on the north, the Green River on the west, and the Utah/ state line on the east. Some sampling sites in the Colorado River drainage to the south have also been established. Transect elevations range widely from 3,955 feet at the Range Creek transect in Desolation/Gray Canyons to 8,200 feet at the Peterson Springs location.

The study began in 1995 with the establishment of 36 transect routes in four general habitat types. It expanded in 1996 with repeat monitoring often of those original routes and the establishment of nine new transects. In 1997, fourteen routes were repeated from 1996, three from 1995, and an additional sixteen new transects were established. These 2 transects included habitats classified as: riparian, disturbed riparian, dry canyon, and ridge top. In 1998, twenty transects were repeated from the previously established routes. However in 1998, transect habitats were classified according to BLM riparian inventory guidelines. Riparian habitats were classified according to their functionality as either proper functioning condition (PFC), functional at risk (FR), and non functioning condition (NF).

Cattle grazing is a major activity within much of the Book Cliffs region. Oil and gas exploration and production is an important economic activity in many of the Book Cliffs habitats. Other human activities in the area include mining, firewood cutting, timber harvest, shed antler gathering, and hunting. Very few people live in the area on a year- round basis.

The Bureau of Land Mangement (BLM) is the major land management entity in the Book Cliffs. The State and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA) also manages large blocks of land as well as the typical scattered school sections throughout the Book Cliffs region. The Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR), in addition to managing the wildlife within the Book Cliffs, also has management ownership of several thousand acres of land. In recent years, habitat restoration programs have been undertaken to restore riparian areas and adjacent lands damaged by years of heavy livestock grazing. Cooperators in these projects include the BLM, UDWR, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation (RMEF), the Nature Conservancy (TNC), and Shikar Safari International (SSI). This effort was made possible by the recent acquisition of the Graham and Cripple Cowboy ranches in Willow Creek, Meadow Creek, and Bitter Creek. As indicated, initial baseline wildlife surveys were directed at areas targeted for rehabilitation work in riparian habitats within these land purchases. As these baseline inventories are completed it will be possible to monitor the effects of habitat restoration efforts in the Book Cliffs on wildlife populations. 3

STUDY AREA

Survey efforts during 1995 were focused primarily on the higher elevation eastern and middle portions of the Book Cliffs. In 1996 the focus with new transects shifted more to the western and lower southern reaches of the area. The 1997 survey effort on new transects keyed primarily on sampling the bordering river corridors and adjacent uplands of the Green and White Rivers as well as repetition of sampling sites from the previous two years. Surveys were conducted from across the entire area in 1998 as the study- entered a monitoring focus.

Four complex areas were defined in 1995: Bitter Creek, Rat Hole Canyon, South Canyon, and Willow Creek. In 1996, two areas were added including the Nash Wash Complex and the White River Complex. In 1997 an area defined as the Desolation Canyon Complex was added to the study. Additional sampling sites were established in the White River Complex and the lower Bitter Creek and Evacuation Creek drainages. A limited number of additional transects were added within previously sampled complex areas. To facilitate future monitoring efforts, all transects were re-examined after the 1997 field season and the following six Complex areas defined: The Upper Bitter Creek Complex; the Lower Bitter Creek/Evacuation Creek Complex; the Green River/White River Complex; the Upper Willow Creek Complex; the Lower Willow Creek Complex; and the South Book Cliffs Complex.

As a result of new 1998 riparian classifications, the twenty repeated surveys in 1998 were identified and each transect route classified accordingly (see table 1). All surveys were conducted in riparian habitat, however riparian habitat was rated according to its functionality. The three ratings are: proper functioning condition (PFC), functional at risk (F/R), and non-functional (NF). Most riparian types included wetland areas as well as stream-side habitats commonly including hydrophilic vegetation. Proper functioning condition routes were generally characterized by a more lush, varied vegetation component and an extensive amount Survey Overview 1995, 1996, 1997, & 1998

20 20 40 Miles A N

® 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 Survey Locations 5 of cover. Typical vegetation included cottonwood (Populus spp.). willow (Salix spp.), quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), and greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) as well as a variety of forbs and grasses, sometimes including cattail (Typha latifolia), and wiregrass (Juncus articus).

In contrast, those routes classified as functional at risk or non-functional; while occurring along perennial streams, offered much less cover and plant diversity. Riparian associated vegetation was most often degraded and damaged. This was a common habitat designation in the adjacent areas of the Green and White Rivers as well as in the Bitter Creek drainages. In general, these areas were dominated by sagebrush (Artemesia spp.), greasewood, and rabbitbrush (Chrysothamus spp.).

METHODS

The Point Count Survey method described by Ralph, et al. (1993) was used on all transects. This method measures bird populations and species diversity between habitats. The survey method entailed first selecting a general survey area then establishing a replicable transect line often points (or stations) approximately 250 meters apart. Where possible, Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates for each station were acquired using a Magellan GPS 2000 portable unit. All coordinates were recorded in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) units.

Most of the routes in 1998 were located along roads, jeep trails, pipelines, or stream bottoms for ease of replication. In some cases, transects deviated from roads and paralleled water courses to maintain closer proximity to riparian habitats. All routes were conducted on foot in order to minimize disturbance and maximize observation of bird species.

Point counts were conducted in the early morning by hiking to the beginning point and remaining at each location 8 minutes before moving on to the next station. Most routes 6 began at about 0600 hours and no routes were initiated after 0700 hours, Mountain Daylight Time (MDT). During each eight minute interval, attention was given both to listening and watching for bird activity. Observations were recorded on standard data forms and were divided into intervals of 0-3, 3-5, and 5-8 minutes blocks. These time divisions were used in order to enable future comparisons with bird counts using other formats such as the three minute intervals with each stop with the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), administered by the USFWS. The selected eight minute time interval coincides with statewide UDWR riparian area bird surveys currently underway.

American Ornithologist Union (AOU) species codes were used on all data forms. A list of the codes used in this study is found in Appendix B. Each observation was recorded with an estimated distance (m) to the bird. A letter code was recorded to distinguish if the bird was visually identified (V) or was identified by sound (S). If the bird was both seen and heard, a (B) for both was recorded.

Riparian habitats were classified according to guidelines established by the BLM. Employees Karl Wright and Dwain Nelson of the Vernal BLM Field Office have put together a riparian inventory field guide describing the methods used to rate riparian areas. Each reach of the riparian area is analyzed and given a series of condition scores. The area is then subsequently ranked according to its functionality. 7

TABLE 1: HABITAT CLASSIFICATIONS

Habitats: F/R = Functional at Risk PFC = Proper Functioning Condition NF = Non-Functional UC = Unclassified

Upper Bitter Creek TRANSECT HABITAT

Bitter Creek Marsh PFC Bitter Creek South F/R Chipeta Canyon PFC P.R. Spring F/R South Canyon F/R Tent Canyon F/R Zane Canyon PFC

Lower Bitter Creek/Evacuation Creek TRANSECT HABITAT

Dragon NF Two Waters F/R 8

Green RiverAVhite River TRANSECT HABITAT

Bitter Creek Confluence PFC&F/R Sand Wash UC Southam Canyon PFC

Upper Willow Creek TRANSECT HABITAT

Kelly Canyon UC Main Canyon F/R Peterson Spring F/R Willow Creek North F/R Willow Creek South UC

Lower Willow Creek TRANSECT HABITAT

Willow Creek Wetland F/R

South Book Cliffs TRANSECT HABITAT

Cottonwood Canyon UC Nash Wash UC 9

RESULTS

The 1998 survey effort resulted in identification of 87 species of birds on the transect routes. Seven additional species were observed in the area during the Bonanza Breeding Bird Survey, but were not recorded on any of the transects. Two new species were added to the Book Cliffs Baseline Inventory checklist during 1998 field work.

An increase in the average number of species per transect was observed in the 1998 field season. Comparing the average number of species/transect of only the repeated transects in 1997 vs. 1998, the average species/transect increased by 1.5.

TABLE 2: SPECIES OBSERVATIONS BY HABITAT TYPE HABITAT NUMBER OF ROUTES AVERAGE SPECIES 1998 1998 F/R 9 24.4 PFC 5 25.6 NF 1 25 UC 5 25.2 Table 2:Habitat types displaying the number of routes conducted and the average number of species present. Only one route was conducted within non-functional riparian habitat. The average number of species is consistent across habitat types.

There were two transect routes in 1998 with 30 or more species. Sand Wash recorded 32 species and Willow Creek Wetland showed 34 species. The majority of the transects had approximately 25 species present. It is noteworthy to mention that only one survey location, Dragon, was in a riparian area classified as non- functioning.. Therefore the number in figure 2 is not representative of all non- 10 functional riparian areas in the Book Cliffs. The unclassified section reflects those areas which were not rated at the time of this study and likely consist of all condition types.

The number of species observed at the nineteen replicate surveys from 1997 indicated an average increase of 1.5 species per transect. The Tent Canyon transect, originally conducted in 1995 and repeated in 1998 decreased by 2 species. Changes in timing of individual survey routes as well as differing weather/moisture conditions between years likely influenced the counts.

TABLE 3: SPECIES RICHNESS OF REPEATED SURVEYS

TRANSECT DAT SPECIE DAT SPECIE DAT SPECIE DAT SPECIE E95 S95 E96 S96 E97 S97 E98 S98

Bitter Creek N/A N/A N/A N/A 6/19 18 6/11 24 Confluence

Bitter Creek 6/15 22 6/18 25 6/30 30 6/29 28 Marsh

Bitter Creek 6/19 27 6/20 31 7/1 24 6/30 27 South

Chepita N/A N/A N/A N/A 7/25 21 6/18 25 Canyon

Dragon N/A N/A N/A N/A 6/12 24 6/19 25

Kelly 7/31 22 5/21 29 6/3 21 7/7 26 Canyon

Main 7/29 23 5/29 28 6/5 31 7/2 25 Canyon

Sand Wash N/A N/A N/A N/A 6/24 21 6/10 32 11

Wil low- 7/30 19 5/14 25 5/30 22 6/15 19 Creek North

Willow 8/1 20 5/15 25 5/31 22 6/16 23 Creek South

Willow N/A N/A N/A N/A 7/9 32 6/12 34 Creek Wetland

Cottonwoo N/A N/A 6/27 25 7/14 17 7/9 21 d Canyon

Nash Wash N/A N/A 6/26 28 7/15 21 7/8 24

Peterson N/A N/A 6/5 24 7/16 20 7/14 26 Spring

Southam N/A N/A 7/9 30 6/27 26 6/4 26 Canyon

P.R. Spring 7/17 23 N/A N/A 7/23 20 6/25 21

South 7/1 23 N/A N/A 7/22 19 6/24 24 Canyon

Tent 5/31 26 N/A N/A N/A N/A 7/1 23 Canyon

Two Waters N/A N/A N/A N/A 6/4 22 7/6 21

Zane 5/8 31 N/A N/A 6/11 27 6/22 25 Canyon Table 3:Sho\vs the twenty repeated transects selected for future monitoring efforts. The table displays the date of survey and number of species observed for each year (1995-1998)at each location. 12

DISCUSSION

The average number of species observed in 1998 in most repeated transects can possibly be attributed to three factors: weather patterns, survey timing, and transect quality. No routes were conducted on stormy days in 1998 and temperatures averaged 5 degrees higher. Certainly, no long-term conclusions can be drawn from the initial three years of the survey effort, as five years is generally considered the minimum time requirement in trend data.

The Book Cliffs region experienced an exceptionally wet spring and summer during 1995. Of 52 survey days, 19 were classified as sunny, 12 days as partly cloudy, and 21 were classified as either overcast (>50% clouds) or rainy. In addition, morning temperatures remained fairly low, (the average temperature at 7:00 a.m. was 52 degrees), which may have affected bird activity.

In contrast, the Book Cliffs region experienced a more typical, warm and dry spring in 1996. Of 25 survey days, 12 were classified as sunny, 11 days were partly cloudy, and only two days were considered overcast or rainy. Average temperature at 0700 was 55 degrees Fahrenheit, which is conducive to a high level of bird activity.

The 1997 year started off with a cold and wet spring season. Snow pack levels throughout northeastern Utah were commonly at or above 200 percent of the thirty year average. The Book Cliffs was no exception to this. High snow levels existed at the Snotel site in East Willow Creek well into May. Likewise, bird activity appeared to get a late start in 1997 as a result of the prolonged wintry conditions. Early summer conditions warmed up and weather and temperatures were near average for the Book Cliffs for the remainder of the sampling season. 13 Of 33 survey days, 20 were sunny, 7 were mostly cloudy or rainy, and 6 were classified as partly cloudy. The average temperatures at the beginning of the routes averaged 56 degrees Fahrenheit.

The 1998 field season was much warmer than 1997. Temperatures averaged 5 degrees warmer on most mornings. All surveys were conducted on days classified as sunny or mostly sunny. Snow left the region much earlier this year as a result of the warmer temperatures.

Survey timing perhaps plays the biggest role in fluctuations of numbers of species per transect between years. The 1995 survey period lasted from May 6 to August 1. Of the forty surveys conducted, 12 (30%) were completed after July 9, which was the last survey day in 1996. The 1997 survey period began May 22 and ended July 25. Forty percent of the 1997 transects were completed in July, 45% were completed in June, and only 15% of the routes were completed in May. A pattern certainly seems evident in the relationship between survey date and species number as shown in table 3. Smaller fluctuations in species numbers occurred when survey dates remained fairly constant between years (P.R. Spring, surveyed on 7/17/95 and 7/23/97 showed a decrease of three species in 1997). Larger fluctuations were observed when survey dates varied widely. Kelly Canyon was surveyed on 7/31/95 and 5/21/96 and showed an increase of seven species in 1996. The route was surveyed on 6/3/97 and showed a decrease of eight species from 1996. As seen, within the initial three year survey period there was substantial variation in observed results amongst transects. Consequently, the 1998 season was limited to the dates of highest bird activity, late May through early July. The data reflect a more consistent range of numbers in 1998 as a result. 14

Two new species were added to the list compiled in 1996 from the data collected by Twomy (1942), Behle (1981), Shurtleff and Auger (1994), and Cranney and Wise (1995,1996) and Cranney and Hanberg (1997). These were: northern shoveler (Anas clypeata) and sage sparrow (Amphispiza belli). A complete species list is presented in Appendix A, and species lists by transect are provided in Appendix D.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The value of the Book Cliffs Baseline Inventory effort lies in future monitoring capabilities. Data obtained in this study can be used to evaluate changing management practices as they affect habitat and avian populations. Every attempt should be made to minimize variables which may affect results. The timing of surveys, as shown by the comparisons in 1995, 1996, and 1997 data appears to influence results. It is recommended that individual transects be surveyed as close to the same dates between years as is practical thus providing more consistent trend data. Future survey efforts should begin in early to mid- May and continue through June during the peak of breeding bird activity. It is recommended that owl and possibly raptor surveys should be conducted with different sampling methodology than the point count routes.

Because of the significance of riparian habitats and corridors to migratory and resident birds, land management decisions which affect these sensitive areas must be made with extreme care. Due to decades of substantial cattle grazing, many if not most, of the larger canyons of the upper Book Cliffs currently exhibit signs of overgrazing and associated erosion. The initial control of cattle grazing and recovery of these riparian habitats is perhaps the most important management action in future habitat restoration efforts in the Book Cliffs. It is critical to 15 carefully monitor habitat changes and any associated wildlife population responses.

Future avian monitoring efforts in the Book Cliffs should be directed principally to riparian transects. Following the 1998 field season, specific riparian transect sites should be selected for monitoring at specified future time intervals. The length of these intervals should be related to present and anticipated future habitat alteration efforts. More intense habitat characterization possibly including the establishment of permanent photo transects is recommended at these monitoring locations. Riparian greenline transect data is another possibility for habitat/bird relations. 16 REFERENCES

Behle, E. H. 1981. The Birds of Northeastern Utah. Utah Museum of Natural History. Cranney, J. Stephen and Hanberg, Miles B. 1997 Baseline Survey of the Birds of the Book Cliffs. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and Bureau of Land Management Special Progress Report. , J. Stephen and Wise, Cathryn. 1996. Baseline Survey of the Birds of the Book Cliffs. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and Bureau of Land Management Special Progress Report. , J. Stephen and Wise, Cathryn. 1995. Baseline Survey of the Birds of the Book Cliffs. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and Bureau of Land Management Special Report Ralph, C. Johnetal. 1993. Handbook of Field Methods for Monitoring Landbirds. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-GTR-144. Shurtleff, Dana. 1994. Baseline Survey of the Small Terrestrial Vertebrates of the East Tavaputs Plateau. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and Bureau of Land Management Special Report. Twomey, A. C. 1942. The Birds of the , Utah. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, Volume 28. 17 APPENDICES

Appendix A: Checklist Of Birds 18

Appendix B: Maps Upper Bitter Creek 26 Lower Bitter Creek 27 Upper Willow Creek 28 Lower Willow Creek 29 South Book Cliffs 30 White River 31 Green River 32

Appendix C: Selected AOU Codes 33

Appendix D: Species Lists By Transect (Arranged alphabetically)..36 18

APPENDIX A: CHECKLIST OF THE BIRDS OF THE EAST TAVAPUTS PLATEAU

(Compiled from observations reported by Cranney and Hanberg (1997), Cranney and Wise (1996, 1995), Shurtleff and Auger (1994), Behle (1981), Twomey (1942) and this report. 151 species total.)

* = Species observed within the scope of this study (1995, 1996, 1997, & 1998). (135 species)

PELECANIFORMES Double-crested Cormorant * (Phalacrocorax auritus)

PODICIPEDIFORMES Eared Grebe * (Podiceps nigricollis) Pied-billed Grebe * (Podilymbus podiceps)

CICONIIFORMES Black-crowned Night Heron * (Nycticorax nycticorax) Great Blue Heron * (Ardea herodias) Snowy Egret * (Egretta thula) White-faced Ibis * (Plegadis chihi)

ANSERIFORMES American Coot * (Fulica americana) Canada Goose * (Branta canadensis) Canvasback * (Aythya valisineria) Cinnamon Teal * (Anas cyanoptera) Gad wall * (Anas strepera) Green-winged Teal * (Anas crecca) Mallard * (Anas platyrhynchos) 19

Northern Shoveler * (Anas clypeata)

FALCONIFORMES Cooper's Hawk * (Accipiter cooperii) Ferruginous Hawk * (Buteo regalis) Northern Goshawk * (Accipiter gent His) Northern Harrier * (Circus cyaneus) Red-tailed Hawk * (Buteo jamaicensis) Rough-legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus) Sharp-shinned Hawk * (Accipiter striatus) Swainson's Hawk * (Buteo swainsoni) Bald Eagle (Haliaeelus leucocephalus) Golden Eagle * (Aquila chryaetos) Turkey Vulture * (Cathartes aura) Merlin * (Falco columbarius) American Kestrel * (Falco sparverius) Peregrine Falcon * (Falco peregrinus) Prairie Falcon * (Falco mexicanus)

GALLIFORMES Chukar * (Alectoris chukar) Wild Turkey * (Meleagris gallopavo) Sage Grouse * (Centrocerus urophasianus) 20 Blue Grouse * (Dendragapus obscurus)

GRUIFORMES Sandhill Crane * (Grus canadensis) Sora* (Porzana Carolina) Virginia Rail * (Rallus limicola)

CHRADRIIFORMES Killdeer * (Charadrius vociferus) Solitary Sandpiper (Tringa solitaria) Spotted Sandpiper * (Actitis macularia) Common Snipe * (Gallinago gallinago) Wilson's Phalarope * (Phalaropus tricolor) Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus)

COLUMBIFORMES Mourning Dove * (Zenaida macroura)

STRIGIFORMES Western Screech Owl * (Otus kennicottii) Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) Great-horned Owl * (Bubo virginianus) Northern Saw-Whet. Owl (Aegolis acadicus) Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis) Flammulated Owl * (Otus flammeolus) 21

Northern Pygmy Owl * (Glaucidium gnoma) Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus)

CAPRIMULGIFORMES Common Nighthawk * (Chordeiles minor) Common Poorwill * (Phalaenoptilus nuttallii)

APODIFORMES White-throated Swift * (Aeronaut es saxatalis) Broad-tailed Hummingbird * (Selasphorus platycercus) Rufous Hummingbird * (Selasphorus rufus) Black-chinned Hummingbird * (Archilochus alexandri)

CORACIIFORMES Belted Kingfisher * (Ceryle Alcyon)

PICIFORMES Downy Woodpecker * (Picoides pubescens) Hairy Woodpecker * (Picoides villosus) Northern Flicker * (Colaptes auratus) Red-naped Sapsucker * (Sphyrapicus nuchalis)

PASSERIFORMES Olive-sided Flycatcher * (Contopus borealis) Western Wood Peewee * (Conlopus sordidulus) Gray Flycatcher * (Empidonax wrightii) Dusky Flycatcher * (Empidonax oberholseri) Willow Flycatcher * (Empidonax traillii) Cordilleran Flycatcher * (Empidonax occidentalis) Say's Phoebe * (Sayornis say a) Ash-throated Flycatcher * (Myiarchus cinerascens) Cassin's Kingbird (Tyrannus vociferans) Western Kingbird * (Tyrannus verticalis) Eastern Kingbird * (Tyrannus tyrannus) Horned Lark * (Eremophila alpestris) Tree Swallow * (Tachycineta bi color) Northern Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopleryx serripennis) Violet-green Swallow * (Tachycineta thalassina) Cliff Swallow* (Hirundo pyrrhonota) Barn Swallow * (Hirundo rustica) Stellar's Jay * (Cyanocitla stelleri) Scrub Jay * (Aphelocoma coerulescens) Pinyon Jay * (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) Clark's Nutcracker * (Nucifraga columbiana) Black-billed Magpie * (Pica pica) Common Raven * (Corvus cor ax) Black-capped Chickadee * (Partis atricapillus) 23

Mountain Chickadee * (Parus gambeli) Common Bushtit * (Psaltriparus minimus) Plain Titmouse * (Parus inornatus) Red-breasted Nuthatch * (Sitta canadensis) White-breatsed Nuthatch * (Sitta caroUnensis) Pygmy Nuthatch * (Sitta pygmaea) Brown Creeper * (Certhia americana) Rock Wren * (Salpinctes obsoletus) House Wren * (Troglodytes aedon) Bewick's Wren * (Thryomanes bewickii) Canyon Wren * (Catherpes mexicanus) Ruby-crowned Kinglet * (Regulus calendula) Golden-crowned Kinglet* (Regulus satrapa) Blue-gray Gnatcatcher * (Polioptila caerulea) Western Bluebird * (Sialia mexicana) Mountain Bluebird * (Sialia currucoides) Townsend's Solitaire * (Myadestes townsendi) Hermit Thrush * (Catharus guttatus) Swainson's Thrush * (Catharus ustulatus) American Robin * (Turdus migratorius) Gray Catbird (Dumetella caroUnensis) Sage Thrasher (Oreoscoptes montanus) Loggerhead Shrike * (Lanius ludovicianus) Solitary Vireo * (Vireo solitarius) Warbling Vireo * (Vireo gilvus) Orange-crowned Warbler * (Vermivora eel at a) Virginia's Warbler * (Vermivora virginiae) Yellow Warbler * (Dendroica petechia) Yellow-rumped Warbler * (Dendroica coronata) Black-throated Gray Warbler * (Dendroica nigrescens) Mac Gillivray's Warbler * (Oporornis tolmiei) Common Yellowthroat * (Geolhypis trichas) Wilson's Warbler * (Wilsonia pusilla) Yellow-breasted Chat * (Icteria virens) Western Tanager * (Piranga ludoviciana) Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus) Black-headed Grosbeak * (Pheucticus melanocephalus) Blue Grosbeak * (Guiraca caerulea) Lazuli Bunting * (Passerina amoena) Green-tailed Towhee * (Pipilo chlorurus) Rufous-sided Towhee * (Pipilo erythrophathalmiis) Chipping Sparrow * (Spizella paserina) 25

Black-throated Sparrow * (Amphispiza bilineata) Brewer's Sparrow * (Spizella breweri) Vesper Sparrow * (Poocetes gramineus) Lark Sparrow * (Chondestes grammacus) Sage Sparrow * (Amphispiza belli) Song Sparrow * (Melospiza melodia) Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii) Dark-eyed Junco * (Junco byemalis) Red-winged Blackbird * (Agelaius phoeniceus) Western Meadowlark * (Sturnella neglecta) Brewer's Blackbird * (Euphagus cyanocephalus) Northern Oriole * (Icterus galbula) Scott's Oriole (Icterus parisorum) Brown-headed Cowbird * (Molothrus ater) Pine Grosbeak * (Pinicolor enucleator) Cassin's Finch * (Carpodacus cassinii) Red Cross-bill * (Loxia curvirostra) Pine Siskin * (Carduelis pinus) American Goldfinch * (Carduelis tristis) Lesser Goldfinch * (Carduelis psaltria) Evening Grosbeak * (Coccolhaustes vespertinus) Upper Bitter Creek WlWAi

/UtHtah/GraniilCoUrity 1 ^,

0 12 Miles

Riparian Classification /V Functional at Risk ® Transect Location /V Non-functional A/ Roads A /V Proper Functioning Condition A/ Water Courses N Lower Bitter Creek

5 0 5 10 Miles

Riparian Classification /V Functional at Risk ® Transect Location A/ Non-functional A/ Roads A A/ Proper Functioning Condition As/ Watercourses N Upper Willow Creek

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1 y /-! \ k\ ,Y1A 1 / /.' -•> \ » J / >-A **» /WILLOW CREEK^OUtH l£A] CANYO! t: ft « «s )V \ \ w> X-

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0 18 Miles

Riparian Classification /V Functional at Risk ® Transect Location /\/ Non-functional A/ Roads A /V Proper Functioning Condition A/ Water Courses N Lower Willow Creek

7 0 7 14 Miles

Riparian Classification /\/Functional at risk ® Transect Location /^Non-functional /V/ Roads A ^/Proper-functioning condition /\/ y\ia\er Courses N South Book Cliffs

8 0 8 16 Miles

Riparian Classification A/ Functional at Risk ® Transect Location /\/ Non-functional A/ Roads A /V Proper Functioning Condition /\/ Water Courses N White River

5 0 5 10 Miles

Riparian Classification /V Functional at Risk ® Transect Location /V Non-functional A/ Roads A f\/ Proper Functioning Condition /S/ Water Courses N Green River

o 6 12 Miles !5

Riparian Classification /\f Functional at Risk 0 Transect Location /\f Non-functional /S/ Roads A /\/ Proper Functioning Condition /\/ Water Courses N APPENDIX C: AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGIST'S UNION SELECTED SPECIES CODES

AMCO - American Coot AMGO - American Goldfinch AMKE - American Kestrel AMRO - American Robin ATFL - Ash-throated Flycatcher BBMA - Black-billed Magpie BCHU - Black-chinned Hummingbird BCNH - Black-crowned Night Heron BEKI - Belted Kingfisher BGBK - Blue Grosbeak BGGN - Blue-gray Gnatcatcher BHCO - Brown-headed Cowbird BHGB - Black-headed Grosbeak BLGR - Blue Grouse BRBL - Brewer's Blackbird BRCR - Brown Creeper BRES - Brewer's Sparrow BTLH - Broad-tailed Hummingbird BTSP - Black-throated Sparrow BTYW - Black-throated Gray Warbler BUOR - Bullock's Oriole CAFI - Cassin's Finch CAGO - Canada Goose CBDU - Canvasback Duck CHSP - Chipping Sparrow CHUK - Chuckar Partridge CITE - Cinnamon Teal CLNU - Clark's Nutcracker CLSW-Cliff Swallow COBU - Common Bushtit COFL - Cordilleran Flycatcher COHA - Cooper's Hawk CONH - Common Nighthawk COPO - Common Poorwill CORA - Common Raven COSN - Common Snipe COYE - Common Yellowthroat CYNW - Canyon Wren 34

DCCO - Double-crested Cormorant DEJU - Dark-eyed Junco DOWO - Downy Woodpecker DUFL - Dusky Flycatcher EAKI - Eastern Kingbird EUST - European Starling FEHA - Ferruginous Hawk GADW - Gadwall GBHE - Great-blue Heron GCKI - Golden-crowned Kinglet GHOW - Great-horned Owl GOEA - Golden Eagle GTTO - Green-tailed Towhee GWTE - Green-winged Teal HA WO - Hairy Woodpecker HETH - Hermit Thrush HOWR - House Wren KILL - Killdeer LASP - Lark Sparrow LAZB - Lazuli Bunting LEGO - Lesser Goldfinch LOSH - Loggerhead Shrike MACW - MacGillivray's Warbler MALL - Mallard MAWR - Marsh Wren MERL - Merlin MOBL - Mountain Bluebird MOCH - Mountain Chickadee MODO - Mourning Dove NOGO - Northern Goshawk NOHA - Northern Harrier NOPO - Northern Pygmy Owl NSHO - Northern Shoveler OCWA - Orange-crowned Warbler OSFL - Olive-sided Flycatcher PBGR - Pied-billed Grebe PEFA - Peregrine Falcon PIGB - Pine Grosbeak PIJA - Pinyon Jay PISI - Pine Siskin PLTI - Plain Titmouse PRFA - Prairie Falcon PYNU - Pygmy Nuthatch 35

RBNU - Red-breasted Nuthatch RCBI - Red Cross-bill RCKI - Ruby-crowned Kinglet RNSA - Red-naped Sapsucker ROWR - Rock Wren RSFL - Northern Flicker RSTO - Spotted Towhee RTHA - Red-tailed Hawk RUHU - Rufous Hummingbird RWBL - Red-winged Blackbird RWSW - Northern Rough-winged Swallow SAPH - Say's Phoebe SAGS - Sage Sparrow SATH - Sage Thrasher SCJA - Scrub Jay SNEG - Snowy Egret SORA - Sora SOSP - Song Sparrow SOVI - Solitary Vireo SPSA - Spotted Sandpiper SSHA - Sharp-shinned Hawk STJA - Stellar's Jay SWHA - Swainson's Hawk SWTH - Swainson's Thrush TOSO - Townsend's Solitaire TRSW - Tree Swallow TUVU - Turkey Vulture VESP - Vesper Sparrow VGSW - Violet-green Swallow VIWA - Virginia's Warbler WAVI - Warbling Vireo WBNU - White-breasted Nuthatch WEBL - Western Bluebird WEKI - Western Kingbird WEME - Western Meadowlark WETA - Western Tanager WFIB - White-faced Ibis WIPH - Wilson's Phalarope WITU - Wild Turkey WIWA - Wilson's Warbler WTSW - White-throated Swift WWPE - Western Wood Peewee YBCH - Yellow-breasted Chat 36

YHBL - Yellow-headed Blackbird YRWA - Yellow-rumped Warbler YWAR - Yellow Warbler

Appendix D: Species Lists by Transect (Arranged Alphabetically) Bitter Creek Bitter Creek Confluence Marsh 6/11/98 6/29/98 24 Species 28 Species

AMRO AMCO ATFC AMKE BBMA AMRO BGGN BBMA BHCO BCHU BTSP BHCO CAGO CHSP CHSP CITE CLSW CLNU COHA COSN CYNW COYE KILL CYNW MODO GWTE ROWR HOWR RSTO MALL RTHA MAWR RWBL MODO SAPH PBGB SOSP PIJA SPSA PEFA VGSW RWBL WAVI SOSP YBCH SOVI YWAR STJA VGSW WTSW YBCH YWAR Bitter Creek Chepita Canyon South 6/18/98 6/30/98 25 Species 27 Species AMKE AMRO AMRO BRBL BGGN CHSP BRES CLNU BTLH CLSW BTYW COSN CAFI COYE CLNU CYNW CORA GTTO CYNW HOWR GTTO LAZB HOWR MOBL MOBL MODO MOCH NOHA MODO ROWR RCKI RSFL ROWR RSTO RTHA RWBL SAPH SAPH SOSP SOSP SOVI SOVI STJA STJA VGSW WEKI WAVI WEME WETA WTSW YBCH YWAR Cottonwood Canyon Dragon 7/9/98 6/19/98 21 Species 25 Species

AMKE AMRO AMRO ATFC ATFC BGGN BBMA BHCO BGGN BTLH BTLH BTYW CORA CHSP COYE CLNU CYNW CLSW HETH CORA LAZB CYNW MOCH KILL MODO LAZB ROWR MOBL RSFL MODO RSTO PIJA SOSP ROWR SOVI RSTO VGSW RTHA WAVI RWBL YBCG SAPH SCJA SOSP SPSA YBCH Kelly Canyon Main Canyon 7/7/98 7/2/98 26 Species 25 Species

AMKE AMRO AMRO BBMA BBMA BTYW BGGN CAFI BRBL CHSP BTYW CLNU CHSP DEJU CLNU GTTO CLSW HETH COYE HOWR CYNW LEGO GTTO MACW HAWO MOBL HOWR MOCH KILL PISI LAZB PYNU MALL RNSA MODO RTHA ROWR SOVI RSFL STJA RWBL TUVU SAPH VIWA SOSP VGSW STJA WAVI VGSW WIWA WTSW Nash Wash Peterson Spring 7/8/98 7/14/98 24 Species 26 Species

ATFC AMRO BBMA BTLH BGGN BTYW BTLH CLNU BUOR DEJU CLNU GTTO COYE HAWO CYNW HETH GTTO HOWR HOWR MACW LAZB MOBL MACW MOCH MOBL OSFL MODO PISI OCWA PYNU RCKI RCKI ROWR RSFL RSTO RTHA SOSP SCJA SOVI SOVI STJA STJA WAV! TOSO WWPE WAVI YBCH WETA WIWA XXFL P. R. Spring Sand Wash 6/25/98 6/10/98 21 Species 32 Species

AMRO AMGO BGGN AMKE BHGB ATFC BRBL BBMA BRES BGGN BTLH BHCO BTYW BHGB CAFI BRES CHSP BTSP GTTO CAGO HETH CHSP HOWR CLSW MOBL COYE RSFL CYNW RTHA EUST SOVI GTTO STJA HOWR TUVU LAZB VGSW MALL WAV! MODO WIWA NOHA ROWR RSFL RSTO RWBL SAPH SOSP SPSA WAVI WEKI YBCH YWAR South Canyon Southam Canyon 6/24/98 6/4/98 24 Species 26 Species

AMRO AMRO BRES ATFC BTLH BBMA BTYW BGGN CAFI BHCO CHSP BHGB CLNU BRES CYNW CAGO DOWO CLSW GTTO COHA HOWR GBHE LAZB HAWO LEGO HOWR MACW LAZB MOBL MOBL MOCH MODO PYNU ROWR RSFL RSFL RSTO RSTO SCJA RTHA SOSP SPSA STJA SOVI VGSW WAVI WTSW WWPE YBCH YWAR Tent Canyon Two Waters 7/1/98" 7/6/98 23 Species 21 Species

AMRO AMKE BBMA AMRO BCHU BBMA BGGN BGGN BTYW BRBL CHSP BRES CLNU CHSP CYNW CLNU GOEA CLSW GTTO COYE HETH CYNW HOWR LAZB LAZB MOBL LEGO MODO MACW NOHA PYNU ROWR RSFL RSTO SOSP SAPH SOVI SOSP STJA WTSW WETA YBCH WTSW YWAR Willow Creek North Willow Creek South 6/15/98 6/16/98 19 Species 23 Species

AMRO AMKE BGGN AMRO BHCO BBMA BRBL BCHU CLNU BGGN CLSW BRBL COYE BTLH CYNW BTYW LAZB CLNU OCWA COYE ROWR CYNW RSTO HOWR SAPH LAZB SOSP MODO VGSW RSTO WAVI SOSP WTSW STJA YBCH VGSW YWAR VIWA WAVI WTSW YBCH YWAR Willow Creek Wetland Zane Canyon 6/12/98 6/22/98 34 Species 25 Species

AMCO AMKE AMRO AMRO ATFC BGGN BBMA BRBL BGGN CHSP BHCO CLNU BRBL CLSW BRES COYE CAGO CYNW CHSP HOWR CLSW LAZB CNTE MOBL CORA MODO COYE NOHA GBHE PEFA GADW PIJA GWTE ROWR KILL RSTO LASP RWBL MALL SAPH MODO SCJA NOHA SOSP NSHO TRSW RSTO VGSW RWBL WTSW SAPH SOSP SPSA WEKI WEME WIPH YBCH YHBL YWAR