DOCSLIB.ORG

State Weakness, Organized Crime and Corruption

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The State-Crime Nexus in Central Asia: State Weakness, Organized Crime, and Corruption in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan Erica Marat SILK ROAD PAPER October 2006 The State-Crime Nexus in Central Asia: State Weakness, Organized Crime, and Corruption in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan Erica Marat © Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program – A Joint Transatlantic Research and Policy Center Johns Hopkins University-SAIS, 1619 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, D.C. 20036 Uppsala University, Box 514, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden www.silkroadstudies.org “The State-Crime Nexus in Central Asia” is a Silk Road Paper produced by the Central Asia- Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program. The Silk Road Papers series is the Occasional Papers series of the Joint Center, published jointly on topical and timely subjects. It is edited by Svante E. Cornell, Research and Publications Director of the Joint Center. The Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program is a joint transatlantic independent and externally funded research and policy center. The Joint Center has offices in Washington and Uppsala, and is affiliated with the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University and the Department of Eurasian Studies of Uppsala University. The Joint Center is the first of its kind and is today firmly established as a leading focus of research and policy worldwide, serving a large and diverse community of analysts, scholars, policy-watchers, business leaders and journalists. The Joint Center aims to be at the forefront of research on issues of conflict, security and development in the region; and to function as a focal point for academic, policy, and public discussion of the region through its applied research, its publications, teaching, research cooperation, public lectures and seminars. © Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program, 2006 ISBN: 91-85473-23-5 Printed in Sweden Distributed in North America by: The Central Asia-Caucasus Institute Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies 1619 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, D.C. 20036 Tel. +1-202-663-7723; Fax. +1-202-663-7785 E-mail: [email protected] Distributed in Europe by: The Silk Road Studies Program Uppsala University Box 514, SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden Tel. +46-18-471-2217; Fax. +46-18-106397 E-mail: [email protected] Editorial correspondence should be addressed to Svante E. Cornell, Research and Publications Director, at either of the addresses above. (preferably by e-mail) Table of Contents Preface.....................................................................................................................5 Summary and Recommendations ........................................................................ 6 Introduction...........................................................................................................11 Structure ..............................................................................................................12 Background.......................................................................................................... 13 Organized Crime Without the State..................................................................18 On Post-Soviet State-Building..........................................................................18 The Two Models of State-Crime Relationship ...............................................22 Center vs. Periphery.......................................................................................... 27 Licit and Illicit businesses..................................................................................33 Shuttle Traders’ Fortune....................................................................................35 Sports and Prisons ..............................................................................................37 The Importance of the Drug Economy ...........................................................40 Situation in Brief.......................................................................................................40 The Afghan-Tajik Border................................................................................. 43 The Pamir region.......................................................................................................44 Khatlon region ...........................................................................................................44 Parkhar and Shurobat region .....................................................................................44 Drugs and Corruption....................................................................................... 45 Drugs and the Continuity of Political Regimes ............................................. 50 Drugs and Street Crime.....................................................................................52 Drugs and Radical Movements ........................................................................ 56 Supply vs. Demand ............................................................................................61 Other Sectors of the Shadow Economy .......................................................... 63 Organized Crime Within the State.................................................................... 65 The Genesis of State-Crime Relations ............................................................65 Party Politics ......................................................................................................69 Election Campaigns...........................................................................................70 Organized Crime and the State’s Governability ............................................74 The Role of Civil Society..................................................................................78 Sources of Civil Society’s Empowerment ................................................................... 79 Kyrgyzstan: Unpopular State Leaders and Famous Mafia Chiefs................... 83 Political Participation as a Continuing Economic Process ............................83 The Post-March 24 Period.................................................................................88 Who is Kurmanbek Bakiyev? ...........................................................................89 The Story of Rysbek..........................................................................................93 Organized Crime and Law enforcement .........................................................99 Tajikistan: Guns, Drugs, and Politics ...............................................................103 The Civil War and Birth of Warlords........................................................... 104 Post-Civil War Power Relations.................................................................... 108 The Peculiarities of Organized Crime in the Post-War Period....................111 ‘Organic’ Corruption ........................................................................................114 The Situation Today: Rent-Seekers and ‘Dead Souls’ ..................................116 Long-Term Implications.................................................................................... 119 Presidents........................................................................................................... 119 Voting Systems................................................................................................. 121 Law Enforcement Agencies .............................................................................123 Drug Control Agencies............................................................................................. 123 External Debt ....................................................................................................124 Domestic Security Policy.................................................................................125 Regional Security ..............................................................................................126 State Deficits .....................................................................................................126 Conclusions: Two Models of the State-Crime Nexus.....................................128 Bibliography........................................................................................................ 132 Preface The Joint Center’s research on narcotics, organized crime and security in Eurasia has been developing since 2003. Within the framework of this larger project, one of the major findings has been the linkage of state weakness and the development of organized crime. This linkage, involving a variety of relations between the narcotics industry and state officials and bodies, threatens all states of the region, though its effect is disproportionate on small and weak states near Afghanistan, the world’s main producer of heroin. As such, this report by the Joint Center’s Research Fellow Dr. Erica Marat aspires to shed light on the two states perhaps most affected by this problem: Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. As Dr. Marat shows, the interaction between organized crime and the state takes different shapers depending on the political and economic realities of a country at a given time. This study will contribute significantly to a better understanding of the narcotics problem in Central Asia. Moreover, the study also makes a significant contribution to the theoretical literature on the linkage of organized crime and politics. As such, it is of interest to a
Recommended publications
  • Rising Sinophobia in Kyrgyzstan: the Role of Political Corruption

    Rising Sinophobia in Kyrgyzstan: the Role of Political Corruption

    RISING SINOPHOBIA IN KYRGYZSTAN: THE ROLE OF POLITICAL CORRUPTION A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY DOĞUKAN BAŞ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF EURASIAN STUDIES SEPTEMBER 2020 Approval of the thesis: RISING SINOPHOBIA IN KYRGYZSTAN: THE ROLE OF POLITICAL CORRUPTION submitted by DOĞUKAN BAŞ in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Eurasian Studies, the Graduate School of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Yaşar KONDAKÇI Dean Graduate School of Social Sciences Assoc. Prof. Dr. Işık KUŞÇU BONNENFANT Head of Department Eurasian Studies Prof. Dr. Pınar KÖKSAL Supervisor Political Science and Public Administration Examining Committee Members: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Işık KUŞÇU BONNENFANT (Head of the Examining Committee) Middle East Technical University International Relations Prof. Dr. Pınar KÖKSAL (Supervisor) Middle East Technical University Political Science and Public Administration Assist. Prof. Dr. Yuliya BILETSKA Karabük University International Relations I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Doğukan Baş Signature : iii ABSTRACT RISING SINOPHOBIA IN KYRGYZSTAN: THE ROLE OF POLITICAL CORRUPTION BAŞ, Doğukan M.Sc., Eurasian Studies Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Pınar KÖKSAL September 2020, 131 pages In recent years, one of the major problems that Kyrgyzstan witnesses is rising Sinophobia among the local people due to problems related with increasing Chinese economic presence in the country.
  • OSW Commentary

    OSW Commentary

    OSW Commentary CENTRE FOR EASTERN STUDIES NUMBER 359 29.10.2020 www.osw.waw.pl Kyrgyzstan in the aftermath of revolution Mariusz Marszewski, Krzysztof Strachota On 15 October Kyrgyzstan’s president, Sooronobay Jeenbekov, resigned from his position and his duties were taken over by the opposition leader, Sadyr Japarov. The change in power was brought about by large-scale protests which broke out on 5 October, the day after the election; subsequently the protesters took over the main buildings of the central administration in Bishkek and released op- position leaders who had been imprisoned (among them Japarov). The demonstrations, which were forceful but not long-lasting, resulted in a compromise of sorts which led to changes in the highest state positions, the announcement of an early presidential election and a rerun of the parliamentary election. Despite the situation in the country (particularly in the capital) having been restored to one of relative stability, Kyrgyzstan is still struggling with grave problems: a crisis of the political system, social tensions and a dismal economic situation that is further exacerbated by the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. The current state of affairs presents a serious challenge both for Russia and China, whose respective interests have an important impact on the politics of Kyrgyzstan and the entire region of Central Asia. The October Revolution accusations of being implicated in organised crime. Traditionally, the main political forces try to play The Revolution of 5 October is the third such event off the international actors present in Kyrgyzstan in Kyrgyzstan’s recent history (the previous ones (Russia and China which replaced the US at least took place in 2005 and 2010).
  • A Practitioner's Handbook

    A Practitioner's Handbook

    Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights: A PRACTITIONER’S HANDBOOK OMCT Handbook Series Vol. 1 Alexander Morawa, Nicole Bürli Peter Coenen and Laura Ausserladscheider Jonas 2nd edition ARTICLE 3 OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS AUTHORS Alexander Morawa, Nicole Bürli, Peter Coenen, and Laura Ausserladscheider Jonas Print: Sté Crea Concept Layout: mostra-design.com First Edition: 2006 Second Edition: 2014 © 2014 World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) ISBN: 2-88894-055-8 World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) P.O. Box 21 8, rue du Vieux-Billard CH-1211 Geneva 8 Switzerland Tel: +41 (0) 22 809 49 39 Fax: +41 (0) 22 809 49 29 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.omct.org/ SERIES EDITOR: Helena Solà Martín DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS: Gerald Staberock The World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) coordinates the activities of the SOS-Torture Network, which is the world’s largest coalition of non-governmental organisations fi ghting against torture and ill-treatment, arbitrary detention, extrajudicial executions, forced disappearances, and other serious human rights violations. OMCT’s growing global network currently includes 311 local, national, and regional organisations in 92 countries spanning all regions of the world. An important aspect of OMCT’s mandate is to respond to the advocacy and capacity-building needs of its network members, including the need to develop effective international litigation strategies to assist victims of torture and ill-treatment in obtaining legal remedies where none are available domestically, and to support them in their struggle to end impunity in states where torture and ill-treatment remain endemic or tolerated practices.
  • Here a Causal Relationship? Contemporary Economics, 9(1), 45–60

    Here a Causal Relationship? Contemporary Economics, 9(1), 45–60

    Bibliography on Corruption and Anticorruption Professor Matthew C. Stephenson Harvard Law School http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/mstephenson/ March 2021 Aaken, A., & Voigt, S. (2011). Do individual disclosure rules for parliamentarians improve government effectiveness? Economics of Governance, 12(4), 301–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-011-0100-8 Aaronson, S. A. (2011a). Does the WTO Help Member States Clean Up? Available at SSRN 1922190. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1922190 Aaronson, S. A. (2011b). Limited partnership: Business, government, civil society, and the public in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). Public Administration and Development, 31(1), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.588 Aaronson, S. A., & Abouharb, M. R. (2014). Corruption, Conflicts of Interest and the WTO. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 183–197). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507 Abbas Drebee, H., & Azam Abdul-Razak, N. (2020). The Impact of Corruption on Agriculture Sector in Iraq: Econometrics Approach. IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science, 553(1), 12019-. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/553/1/012019 Abbink, K., Dasgupta, U., Gangadharan, L., & Jain, T. (2014). Letting the briber go free: An experiment on mitigating harassment bribes. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS, 111(Journal Article), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2013.12.012 Abbink, Klaus. (2004). Staff rotation as an anti-corruption policy: An experimental study. European Journal of Political Economy, 20(4), 887–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2003.10.008 Abbink, Klaus.
  • Human Rights in Tajikistan Human

    Human Rights in Tajikistan Human

    HUMAN RIGHTS IN TAJIKISTAN In the Wake of Civil War Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (formerly Helsinki Watch) The InterThe Inter-Inter---RepublicRepublic Memorial Society HUMAN RIGHTS IN TAJIKISTAN In the Wake of Civil War Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (formerly Helsinki Watch) The InterThe Inter-Inter---RepublicRepublic Memorial Society Human Rights Watch New York $$$ Washington $$$ Los Angeles $$$ London Copyright 8 December 1993 by Human Rights Watch All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Card Catalogue No.: 93-80983 ISBN 1-56432-119-3 Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (formerly Helsinki Watch) Human Rights Watch/Helsinki was established in 1978 to monitor and promote domestic and international compliance with the human rights provisions of the 1975 Helsinki Accords. It is affiliated with the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights, which is based in Vienna, Austria. Jeri Laber is the executive director; Lois Whitman is the deputy director; Holly Cartner and Julie Mertus are counsel; Erika Dailey, Rachel Denber, Ivana Nizich and Christopher Panico are research associates; Christina Derry, Ivan Lupis, Alexander Petrov and Isabelle Tin-Aung are associates; ðeljka MarkiÉ and Vlatka MiheliÉ are consultants. Jonathan Fanton is the chair of the advisory committee and Alice Henkin is vice chair. Human Rights Watch/Helsinki gratefully acknowledges grants from the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Nathan Cummings Foundation, the John Merck Fund, and the Rockefeller Family Associates in support of its work on human rights in the former Soviet Union. The Inter-Republic Memorial Society The Inter-Republic Memorial Society was founded in 1989-90, as a historical, educational and human rights organization.
  • FCPA & Anti-Bribery

    FCPA & Anti-Bribery

    alertFall 2019 FCPA & Anti-Bribery Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP A New York Limited Liability Partnership • One Battery Park Plaza New York, New York 10004-1482 • +1 (212) 837-6000 Attorney advertising. Readers are advised that prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome. No aspect of this advertisement has been approved by the Supreme Court of New Jersey. © 2019 Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP CORRUPTION PERCEPTION SCORE No Data 100 Very Clean 50 0 Very Corrupt Data from Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index 2018. SCORE COUNTRY/TERRITORY RANK 67 Chile 27 52 Grenada 53 41 India 78 35 Armenia 105 29 Honduras 132 23 Uzbekistan 158 88 Denmark 1 66 Seychelles 28 52 Italy 53 41 Kuwait 78 35 Brazil 105 29 Kyrgyzstan 132 22 Zimbabwe 160 87 New Zealand 2 65 Bahamas 29 52 Oman 53 41 Lesotho 78 35 Côte d’Ivoire 105 29 Laos 132 20 Cambodia 161 85 Finland 3 64 Portugal 30 51 Mauritius 56 41 Trinidad 78 35 Egypt 105 29 Myanmar 132 20 Democratic 161 85 Singapore 3 63 Brunei 31 50 Slovakia 57 and Tobago 35 El Salvador 105 29 Paraguay 132 Republic of the Congo 85 Sweden 3 Darussalam 49 Jordan 58 41 Turkey 78 35 Peru 105 28 Guinea 138 20 Haiti 161 85 Switzerland 3 63 Taiwan 31 49 Saudi Arabia 58 40 Argentina 85 35 Timor-Leste 105 28 Iran 138 20 Turkmenistan 161 84 Norway 7 62 Qatar 33 48 Croatia 60 40 Benin 85 35 Zambia 105 28 Lebanon 138 19 Angola 165 82 Netherlands 8 61 Botswana 34 47 Cuba 61 39 China 87 34 Ecuador 114 28 Mexico 138 19 Chad 165 81 Canada 9 61 Israel 34 47 Malaysia 61 39 Serbia 87 34 Ethiopia 114 28 Papua 138 19 Congo 165
  • Kyrgyzstan Brief No 1

    Kyrgyzstan Brief No 1

    Issue 1, 2008 9 MARCH - APRIL 2007 � CONTENTS Informal institutes as “rules of a political CONTENTS BazarbayValentin Mambetov: Bogatyrev:: game” in Kyrgyzstan A lot“Development must be done by theis MuratbekCentral Imanaliev Asia in ................................. 2007: Dynamics .......of Change..........2 and Development peopleinstability. of Kyrgyzstan Any stability and is a StatusRegional of formal conference political institutessummary .....................2and interactions with informal political firstsign of of all stagnation by the leadership or a latent structuresEvaluation in Kyrgyzstan of Political Situation after April 19 to accumulationrecognize the ofimportance possible ValentinRound Bogatyrev table summary ........................ ..................................3...........................4 of socialwater problemsexplosions. in Central In the Kyrgyzstan:Kyrgyzstan: is democracy Democratic on the Success agenda or Threat to Stability? Asianview politics. of such - p. a 27paradigm of for the country? BakytValentin Beshimov Bogatyrev ....................... ......................................4................................13 BRIEF Issue KYRGYZSTAN development, Kyrgyzstan “Authorities-Opposition” Tandem in 2007 HowBakyt decisions Beshimov are made ...........................................6 in Kyrgyzstan is the most stable state Roundtable transcript ..............................................19 in Central Asia since the Issues of National Statehood in Central Asia A perspectiveMuratbek Imanalievfor Central ......................................9
  • The EU and Belarus – a Relationship with Reservations Dr

    The EU and Belarus – a Relationship with Reservations Dr

    BELARUS AND THE EU: FROM ISOLATION TOWARDS COOPERATION EDITED BY DR. HANS-GEORG WIECK AND STEPHAN MALERIUS VILNIUS 2011 UDK 327(476+4) Be-131 BELARUS AND THE EU: FROM ISOLATION TOWARDS COOPERATION Authors: Dr. Hans-Georg Wieck, Dr. Vitali Silitski, Dr. Kai-Olaf Lang, Dr. Martin Koopmann, Andrei Yahorau, Dr. Svetlana Matskevich, Valeri Fadeev, Dr. Andrei Kazakevich, Dr. Mikhail Pastukhou, Leonid Kalitenya, Alexander Chubrik Editors: Dr. Hans-Georg Wieck, Stephan Malerius This is a joint publication of the Centre for European Studies and the Konrad- Adenauer-Stiftung. This publication has received funding from the European Parliament. Sole responsibility for facts or opinions expressed in this publication rests with the authors. The Centre for European Studies, the Konrad-Adenauer- Stiftung and the European Parliament assume no responsibility either for the information contained in the publication or its subsequent use. ISBN 978-609-95320-1-1 © 2011, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V., Sankt Augustin / Berlin © Front cover photo: Jan Brykczynski CONTENTS 5 | Consultancy PROJECT: BELARUS AND THE EU Dr. Hans-Georg Wieck 13 | BELARUS IN AN INTERnational CONTEXT Dr. Vitali Silitski 22 | THE EU and BELARUS – A Relationship WITH RESERvations Dr. Kai-Olaf Lang, Dr. Martin Koopmann 34 | CIVIL SOCIETY: AN analysis OF THE situation AND diRECTIONS FOR REFORM Andrei Yahorau 53 | Education IN BELARUS: REFORM AND COOPERation WITH THE EU Dr. Svetlana Matskevich 70 | State bodies, CONSTITUTIONAL REALITY AND FORMS OF RULE Valeri Fadeev 79 | JudiciaRY AND law
  • Engaging Central Asia

    Engaging Central Asia

    ENGAGING CENTRAL ASIA ENGAGING CENTRAL ASIA THE EUROPEAN UNION’S NEW STRATEGY IN THE HEART OF EURASIA EDITED BY NEIL J. MELVIN CONTRIBUTORS BHAVNA DAVE MICHAEL DENISON MATTEO FUMAGALLI MICHAEL HALL NARGIS KASSENOVA DANIEL KIMMAGE NEIL J. MELVIN EUGHENIY ZHOVTIS CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN POLICY STUDIES BRUSSELS The Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) is an independent policy research institute based in Brussels. Its mission is to produce sound analytical research leading to constructive solutions to the challenges facing Europe today. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors writing in a personal capacity and do not necessarily reflect those of CEPS or any other institution with which the authors are associated. This study was carried out in the context of the broader work programme of CEPS on European Neighbourhood Policy, which is generously supported by the Compagnia di San Paolo and the Open Society Institute. ISBN-13: 978-92-9079-707-4 © Copyright 2008, Centre for European Policy Studies. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without the prior permission of the Centre for European Policy Studies. Centre for European Policy Studies Place du Congrès 1, B-1000 Brussels Tel: 32 (0) 2 229.39.11 Fax: 32 (0) 2 219.41.51 e-mail: [email protected] internet: http://www.ceps.eu CONTENTS 1. Introduction Neil J. Melvin ................................................................................................. 1 2. Security Challenges in Central Asia: Implications for the EU’s Engagement Strategy Daniel Kimmage............................................................................................
  • Eurasian Union: the Real, the Imaginary and the Likely

    Eurasian Union: the Real, the Imaginary and the Likely

    CHAILLOT PAPER Nº 132 — September 2014 Eurasian Union: the real, the imaginary and the likely BY Nicu Popescu Chaillot Papers European Union Institute for Security Studies EU Institute for Security Studies 100, avenue de Suffren 75015 Paris http://www.iss.europa.eu Director: Antonio Missiroli © EU Institute for Security Studies, 2014. Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated. ISBN: 978-92-9198-247-9 ISSN: 1683-4917 QN-AA-14-002-EN-N DOI : 10.2815/42011 Published by the EU Institute for Security Studies and printed in Condé-sur-Noireau (France) by Corlet Imprimeur. Graphic design by Metropolis, Lisbon. EURASIAN UNION: THE REAL, THE IMAGINARY AND THE LIKELY Nicu Popescu CHAILLOT PAPERS September 2014 132 The author Nicu Popescu, Ph.D, is a Senior Analyst at the EUISS where he deals with EU-Russia relations and the post-Soviet space. He is the author of EU Foreign Policy and Post-Soviet Conflicts: Stealth Intervention (Routledge, 2011) and a former advisor to the Moldovan Prime Minister. European Union Institute for Security Studies Paris Director: Antonio Missiroli © EU Institute for Security Studies, 2014. Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated. Contents Foreword 5 Antonio Missiroli Introduction 7 The real Eurasia 9 1 Decision-making 11 Economics 11 Political commitment 13 The Russian debate 14 Russkii Mir vs Eurasia? 17 The geopolitical Eurasia 19 2 Deepening vs widening 19 The current members 20 The future members 22 The Chinese neighbour
  • The Treaty Obligations of the Successor States of the Former Soviet Union, Yogoslavia, and Czechoslovakia: Do They Continue in Force

    The Treaty Obligations of the Successor States of the Former Soviet Union, Yogoslavia, and Czechoslovakia: Do They Continue in Force

    Denver Journal of International Law & Policy Volume 23 Number 1 Fall Article 3 May 2020 The Treaty Obligations of the Successor States of the Former Soviet Union, Yogoslavia, and Czechoslovakia: Do They Continue in Force Williams Paul R. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/djilp Recommended Citation Williams Paul R., The Treaty Obligations of the Successor States of the Former Soviet Union, Yogoslavia, and Czechoslovakia: Do They Continue in Force, 23 Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 1 (1994). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denver Journal of International Law & Policy by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. The Treaty Obligations of the Successor States of the Former Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia: Do They Continue in Force? PAUL R. WILLIAMS* I. INTRODUCTION The United States consistently asserts that the successor states emerging from the dissolution of the former Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia are obligated to fulfill the treaty obligations of their predecessor states. The United States bases this duty on the international law of state succession with respect to treaties and on political commitments made during the process of establishing diplo- matic relations. The international law of state succession with respect to treaties, however, indicates that successor states are frequently entitled to a de novo review of the treaty commitments of the predecessor state, and they are not immediately obligated to assume all the treaties of the predecessor state.
  • Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 23, Number 16, April 12

    Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 23, Number 16, April 12

    What is LaRouche's tists many of them veterans of the Soviet "There exists no authority on Russia? space program possible solution • • April 1994, laRouche, paroled in On Oct. 12, 1988, in Berlin, laRouche In to this crisis, either issued his famous Food for Peace pro­ January after five years in prison, made for Russia or for posal, which included collaboration his first visit to Russia, at the invitation of the world within the between the Soviet Union and a free, re­ the Universal Ecological Academy. bounds of the united Germany to overcome the grow­ previously accepted ing economic crisis. WHY YOU NEED THIS REPORT: EIR's Special Report, issued in August includes terms of dominant • 1989, laRouche enunci­ 1994, In November "Russia�s Future: The Three Alternatives": international ated his Paris-Berlin-Vienna Productive Lyndon laRouche's account of his six-day trip economic and Triangle, an infrastructure program for to Russia. "A Reconstruction Strategy for financial institutions." the economic reconstruction of post­ Russia-And the World Economy" by communist Eurasia. -Lyndon LaRouche Lyndon H. laRouche, Jr. ''Whither Russia: • Situation Report," by Brig. Gen. Paul-Albert in "Prospects for Russian In October 1993, laRouche was elect­ A Economic Revival," ed to the Universal Ecological Academy Scherer (ret.) "The Military in Post­ prepared for Feb. 20, for his contributions to the science of Bolshevik Russia," by Konstantin George 1995 hearings at the phy sical economy. The Academy was "Have We Already Lost Eastern Europe Russian State Duma. and Russia?" by William Engdahl founded in May 1989 by a group of scien- Mail 142 pages, $250 EIR 94-004 to: __ Name __________________________________ ________ ____ ______ o Please sene the EIR Special Report, "Russia's future: dictatorship, chaos, or Address ___________________________________________________ _ reconstruction?" to the address shown.