DOCSLIB.ORG

The Victor I a Institute

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Victor I a Institute JOURNAL OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE VICTOR I A INSTITUTE. VOL. XVI. JOURNAL OF THE TRANSACTIONS 011' lht ~ictnria Jnstitut t, OR EDITED BY THE HONORARY SECRETARY, CAPTAIN F. W. H. PETRIE, F:R.S.L., &c. VOL XVI. LONDON: (Wuhlisl:,tlJ fot tl:,t bstitutt) E. STANFORD, 55, CHARING CROSS, S.W. EDINBURGH: R. GRANT & SON. DUBLIN: G. HERBERT. PARIS: GALIGNANI & CO. AUSTRALIA : G. ROBERTSON. 1883. ,\ L r, RIG RTS J<E~ERYED. WYMAN AND SONS, PRINTERS, GRRAT QUEEN•S'lREET, LINCOLN'S-INN FIELDS, LONDON, W.C. CONTENTS OF VOL. XVI. ---- Page PREFACE ix JOURNAL OF TRANSACTIONS. ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, Ju:t1E 30, 1881 1 FIFTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 1 SPEECHES 9 ANNUAL ADDRESS-ON THE CREDIBILITY OF THE SUPERNATURAL. BY THE RIGHT HoN. THE LORD O'NEILL 12 SPEECHES 31 ORDINARY MEETING, APRIL ll, 1881 35 ON THE SUPPOSED p AL..EOLITHIO lMPLEMEN'fS OF THE VALLEY OF THE AxE. BY N. WHITLEY, EsQ., C.E. 3~ DIAGRAM TO MR. WHITLEY'S PAPER ••• to face 35 DISCUSSION ON THE ABOVE 42 ORDINARY MEETING, MAY 2, 1881 56 AN EXAMINATION OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF MR. HERBfRT SPENCER. BY THE REV. W. D, GROUND 56 DISCUSSION ON THE ABOYE 80 ORDINARY MEETING, APRIL 4, 1881... 96 ORDINARY MEETING, DECEMBER 5, 1881 97 AN EXAMINATION OF HERBERT SPENCER'S" THEORY OF THE WILL." BY REV. w. D. GROUND 98 vi C'ONTF.NTS OF VOL. xn. Page DISCUSSION ON THE ABOVE 115 REMARKS BY THE RIGHT HON. THE LORD O'NEILL 126 REMARKS BY THE REv. CANON SAuMAREZ SxnH, B.D. 128 FURTHER REPLY BY THE AUTHOR 129 ORDINARY MF-ETING, JANUARY 16, 1882 132 ON BIBLICAL PROPER NAMES, PERSONAL AND LOCAL, ILLUSTRATED FROM SOURCES EXTERNAL TO HOLY SCRIPTURE. BY REV, H. G. TOMKINS... 132 DISCUSSION ON THE ABOVE, WITH SPEECHES BY MR. RASSAM, Mn. TRELAWNEY SAUNDERS, AND OTHERS 152 <:o,TMUNICATION FROM PROFESSOR MASPERO ... ]66 ORDINARY MEETING, FEBRUARY 6, 1882 170 RREAKS IN THE CONTINUITY OF MAMMALIAN LIFE IN CERTAIN GEOLOGICAL PERIODS FATAL TO THE DARWINIAN THEORY OF EvoLUTioN. BY T. K. CALLARD, EsQ., F.G.S. 170 Co11rMUNICATIONs FROM S. R. PATTISON, EsQ., F.G.S.; REV. J. M. MELLO, M.A., F.G.S.; AND REV. E. DUKE, F.G.S. 189 DISCUSSION ON THE ABOVE 192 DICTATORIAL SCIENTIFIC UTTERANC:ES AND THE DECLINE OF MODERN THOUGHT. BY PROFESSOR LIONEL s. BEALE, F.R.S. 201 DISCUSSION ON THE ABOVE 227 O!s" THE NEw MATERIALISM. BY PROFESSOR LroNu S. BEALE, F.R.S. 235 ON THE Livnm AND 'fHE No!'I-LIVING. BY THE SAME 245 ORDINARY MEETING, FEBRUARY 20, 1882 249 THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION AS TAUGHT BY HAECKEL, AND HELD BY HIS FOLLOWERS, EXAMINED. BY J. HASSELL, EsQ. 249 DISCUSSION ON THE ABOVE 282 0RD~NARY MEETING, MARCH 6, 1882 291 THE SUPERNATURAL IN NA'l'URE. BY J. E. HOWARD, F.R.S. 291 ORDINARY l\1EETING, JANUARY 2, 1882 320 ORDINARY J\IEETTNG, APRIL 3, 1882 ... 321 MATERIALISM, BY C. "\V. Ricm1◊:-rn 321 DISCUSSION ON THE ABOVE 340 r'O"NTF:NTS OF VOL. XYI. Yll Pag, ORDINARY MEETING, APRIL 17, 188:l 344 DISCUSSION ON SuRGEON-l\L\JOR \V ALLICH's PAPER ON '.l'HE FALLACY OF THE MATERIALISTIC ORIGIN OF LIFE. SPEECHES BY PROFESSOR LIONEL s. BEALE, F.R.S., AND OTHERS 344 MEETING, MAY 1, 1882 350 APPENDICES. LIST OF THE VICE-PATRONS, MEMBERS, AssOCLI.TES, R1'C.... 353 HONORARY FOREIGN CORRESPO::-!DENTS, ETC ... , 394 LOCAL Ho NO RARY CoRRESPONDEXTS . • . 395 SOCIETIES EXCHANGING TRANSACTIONS 398 OB,JECTS, CONSTITUTION, AND RULES . 399 CosTENTS OF EACH OF THE SIXTEEN VOLUMES OF TUE BocIETY's JOURNAL OF J'RANS.\CTIO:'i'S 412 PREF ACE. rrHE Sixteenth Volume of the Journal of the Transactions of the VICTORIA INSTITUTE is now issued. It contains papers by the following authors :-Professor LIONEL s. BEALE, F .R.S., criticises the doctrine now entertained and widely taught by some scientific authorities-that life is, after all, only a form or mode of ordinary energy or motion. His purpose appears to be to show that this doctrine cannot be sustained by facts or arguments, observation or experiment, but rests on assertion only ; while he holds that the views concerning the nature and origin of life, comprised in the Evolution hypothesis, are not scientifically tenable. In a second paper his aim is to show that the "New Materialism " is unscientific and opposed to reason, contradicted by many facts of nature, and inju­ rious to the progress of Truth. Mr. T. K. CALLARD, F.G.S., and Mr. N. WHITLEY, C.E., contribute interesting Geological papers. The Rev. W. D. GROUND gives two careful papers on Mr. Herbert Spencer's philosophy. Mr. J. HASSELL examines the grounds of Haeckel's more extreme theory of Evolution. Mr. J.E. HowARD, F.R.S., gives a paper on" the Supernatural in Nature." The Right Honourable the Lord O'NEILL ably deals with the question of the Credibility of the Supernatural ; X PREFACE. his paper is supplemented by the last contribution to Science penned by the late well-known Rev. T. ROMNEY RoBINSoN,D.D., F.R.S., F.R.A.S. Judge C. W. RICHMOND (New Zealand) adds a clearly-argued paper on "Materialism." The Rev. H. G. ToMKINS gives a paper "on Biblical proper Names, personal and local, illustrated from sources external to Holy Scripture"; his statements being well supported by Professor MASPERO, Mr. HoRMUZD RASSAM, Mr. TRELAWNEY SAUNDERS, and others. To these, and to others who have taken part in _the dis­ cussion of the subjects treated, the best thanks of the Members and Associates are due. ' Her Majesty the Queen, in consequence of a communication from the President, has been graciously pleased to accept the volumes of the Transactions of the Institute. It is hoped that ere long Her Majesty may be pleased to accept that position designed for her by the founders of the Institute (see Vol. I., p. 31). Amongst the 11ames of members recently joined is that of Professor L. PAsTEUR, F.R.S. The adhesion of such men as PASTEUR and WuRTZ, and many others at home and abroad, has greatly tended to render the Institute more powerful for good, especially "at a time when principles which a few years ago would have been taken for granted by ninety-nine out of every hundred persons, are now all of a sudden brought up for discussion, and doubt thrown up~n them" (Speech by 'Sir STAFFORD NORTHCOTE, Bart., M.P.), and when the active investigations of scientific men render it so important that accurate scientific research should be encouraged and insisted upon. PREFACE. Xl As instances 0£ the important results 0£ recent exploration, the excavations at Tell El-Maskhtitah in Egypt-bringing to light the Succoth of the Exodus-and the labours 0£ the Palestine Exploration Fund in Moab, may be mentioned; also the remarkable discovery of the site of Sepharvaim by a member 0£ the Institute, Mr. HoRllIUZD RASSAllI. It is impossible to conclude without giving some expression to the wide-spread regret that progress in both the last­ named promising fields of discovery is completely stopped for the present, by reason of our Government being unable to obtain those Firmans from the Porte which are necessary for the continuance of works so well begun. F. W. H. PETRIE, Hon. Secretary and Editor. December 31, 1882. THE JOURNAL OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE, OR PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF GREA'l1 BRITAIN. ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, HELD AT THE HOUSE OF THE SOCIETY OF ARTS, THURSDAY, JUNE 30th, 1881. THE RrGH'r HoN. THE EARL OF SHAFTESBURY, K.G., IN THE CHAIR. The HoN. SECRETARY, Capt. F. PETRIE, read the following Report:- Progress of the Institute. 1. IN presenting the FIFTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, the Council desires to congratulate the members and associates on the continued progress of the Institute, especially abroad;* this is due, in no small degree, to the increasing personal interest taken in its welfare by its supporters, and has enabled it, in spite of those adverse influences which have affected every interest, to increase its area of usefulness at a time when it was especially needful to do so. The Institute's steady progress has lea to the adherence of several scientific men of the first rank, who are now joining in its work. The importance of this fact cannot be over-estimated, as the Institute's power to accomplish its objects, and the respect in which its transactions are held if. For nearly two years about one half of those joining have been foreign supporters. VOL. XVI. B 2 by the General Public must be enhanced by the adhesion 0£ every Christian Philosopher who holds a position in the Scientific world. The Journal of the Transactions reaches members in India, in most of thA colonies, and in the United States; and the arrangements which have been made whereby foreign supporters may not only contribute papers, but take a part in the discussions by communicating opinions in MS., have so added to the interest and value of the journal as to lead to an increase of its circulation among the general public -one reason now assigned by many for seeking to obtain the Transactions being that "the papers and discussions often contain a careful and impartial examination of questions or theories of Philosophy and Science which are said to mili­ tate against the truth of Revelation."* 2. The following is the new list of the Vice-Presidents and Council:- President.-The Right Hon. the EARL OF SHAFTESBURY, K.G. Vice-Presidents.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Asher-Greve / Westenholz Goddesses in Context ORBIS BIBLICUS ET ORIENTALIS
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 Goddesses in Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources Asher-Greve, Julia M ; Westenholz, Joan Goodnick Abstract: Goddesses in Context examines from different perspectives some of the most challenging themes in Mesopotamian religion such as gender switch of deities and changes of the status, roles and functions of goddesses. The authors incorporate recent scholarship from various disciplines into their analysis of textual and visual sources, representations in diverse media, theological strategies, typologies, and the place of image in religion and cult over a span of three millennia. Different types of syncretism (fusion, fission, mutation) resulted in transformation and homogenization of goddesses’ roles and functions. The processes of syncretism (a useful heuristic tool for studying the evolution of religions and the attendant political and social changes) and gender switch were facilitated by the fluidity of personality due to multiple or similar divine roles and functions. Few goddesses kept their identity throughout the millennia. Individuality is rare in the iconography of goddesses while visual emphasis is on repetition of generic divine figures (hieros typos) in order to retain recognizability of divinity, where femininity is of secondary significance. The book demonstrates that goddesses were never marginalized or extrinsic and thattheir continuous presence in texts, cult images, rituals, and worship throughout Mesopotamian history is testimony to their powerful numinous impact. This richly illustrated book is the first in-depth analysis of goddesses and the changes they underwent from the earliest visual and textual evidence around 3000 BCE to the end of ancient Mesopotamian civilization in the Seleucid period.
    [Show full text]
  • Social and Religious Concerns of East African: a Wajibu Anthology
    Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change Series II, Africa, Volume 10 Social and Religious Concerns of East African: A Wajibu Anthology Edited by GERALD J. WANJOHI G. WAKURAYA WONJOHI The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy Copyright © 2005 by The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy Gibbons Hall B-20 620 Michigan Avenue, NE Washington, D.C. 20064 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Social and religious concerns of East Africa : A Wajibu anthology / edited by Gerald J. Wanjohim, G. Wakuraya Wonjohi – 1st ed. p.cm – (Cultural heritage and contemporary change. Series II, Africa; vol. 10) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Africa—Civilization. 2. Kenya—Civilization. I. Wanjohi, G.J. II. Wanjohi, G. Wakuraya. III. Wajibu. IV. Series. DT14.A374243 2005 2005007044 967—dc21 CIP ISBN 1-56518-221-9 (pbk.) TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement vi Preface vii Foreword ix PART I. AFRICAN CULTURE Chapter 1. In Search for an African Identity Constantine M. Mwikamba 13 Chapter 2. African Traditional Religion and Inculturation Aylward Shorter 25 Chapter 3. Aspects of Sharing among Africans Karega Munene 35 Chapter 4. ‘That’s Our African Culture’: Thoughts on Selective Cultural Preservation Valerie Kibera 41 Chapter 5. African Marriage, Past and Present Gerald J. Wanjohi 47 Chapter 6. The African Family: Where Are the Fathers? Justus Mbae 53 Chapter 7. The Unmarried African Female: Does She Have Any Rights? Njeeri Kang’ethe 61 Chapter 8. Proverbs for Transformation: Working with Caregivers John Eybel 67 Chapter 9. ‘You Faked Me Out’: Sayings of East African Urban Youth J.G.
    [Show full text]
  • Lht ~Ictnria Jnstitut T
    JOURNAL OF THE TRANSACTIONS 011' lht ~ictnria Jnstitut t, OR EDITED BY THE HONORARY SECRETARY, CAPTAIN F. W. H. PETRIE, F:R.S.L., &c. VOL XVI. LONDON: (Wuhlisl:,tlJ fot tl:,t bstitutt) E. STANFORD, 55, CHARING CROSS, S.W. EDINBURGH: R. GRANT & SON. DUBLIN: G. HERBERT. PARIS: GALIGNANI & CO. AUSTRALIA : G. ROBERTSON. 1883. ,\ L r, RIG RTS J<E~ERYED. 132 ORDINARY MEETING, JAN. 16, 18S2. REV. PREBENDARY CURREY, D.D., MASTER OF THE CHARTER­ HOUSE, IN THE CHAIR. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed, and the follow­ ing elections were announced : - MEMBERS :-"'\V, P. James, Esq., M.A., Oxon, London; J. Scott, Es1., Galashiels. AssocIATES :-E. Chance, Esq., Cantab., London; 8. R. Pattison, Esq., F.G.S., London ; Rev. H. K. Simcox, M.A. Oxon, Devizes ; H. G. Emeric de St. Dalmct9, Esq., London. Ho~. Loe. SEc. :-Rev. W. Shaw, Keighley. Also the presentation of the f0llo;ving work3 for the library•:- " The Christian Philosophy R~view." P,1rt I. From the Institute. "American Antiquarian Journal." From the Society. "The Illustrated Apocalypie." By T. W. GreAnwell, Esq. From the Author. "Plant Life Remait1s in Coal and Anthracite.'' By Pr..ifessor Reinsch. "Unity and H,mnrmy of God's ,vork.'' By J. Co:itts. From the Author. A Small Work by the Rev. C. D. Brigstocke. The following paper was then read by the author :- BIBLICAL PROPER NA.MES, PERSONAL AND LOCAL, ILLUSTRATED PROM SOURCES EXTERNAL TO HOLY SCRIPTUBE. By the Rev. HENRY GEORGE TOMKINS, HOSE who know the kind of interest which Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • THE 12Th PLANET the STAIRWAY to HEAVEN the WARS of GODS and MEN the LOST REALMS WHEN TIME BEGAN the COSMIC CODE
    INCLUDES A NEW AUTHOR'S P BESTSELLER! EVIDENCE OF EARTH’S TIAL ANCESTORS HARPER Now available in hardcover: U.S. $7.99 CAN. $8.99 THE LONG-AWAITED CONCLUSION TO ZECHARIA SITCHIN’s GROUNDBREAKING SERIES THE EARTH CHRONICLES ZECHARIA SITCHIN THE END DAYS Armageddon and Propfiffie.t of tlic Renirn . Available in paperback: THE EARTH CHRONICLES THE 12th PLANET THE STAIRWAY TO HEAVEN THE WARS OF GODS AND MEN THE LOST REALMS WHEN TIME BEGAN THE COSMIC CODE And the companion volumes: GENESIS REVISITED EAN DIVINE ENCOUNTERS . “ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT BOOKS ON EARTH’S ROOTS EVER WRITTEN.” East-West Magazine • How did the Nefilim— gold-seekers from a distant, alien planet— use cloning to create beings in their own image on Earth? •Why did these "gods" seek the destruc- tion of humankind through the Great Flood 13,000 years ago? •What happens when their planet returns to Earth's vicinity every thirty-six centuries? • Do Bible and Science conflict? •Are were alone? THE 12th PLANET "Heavyweight scholarship . For thousands of years priests, poets, and scientists have tried to explain how life began . Now a recognized scholar has come forth with a theory that is the most astonishing of all." United Press International SEP 2003 Avon Books by Zecharia Sitchin THE EARTH CHRONICLES Book I: The 12th Planet Book II: The Stairway to Heaven Book III: The Wars of Gods and Men Book IV: The Lost Realms Book V: When Time Began Book VI: The Cosmic Code Book VII: The End of Days Divine Encounters Genesis Revisited ATTENTION: ORGANIZATIONS AND CORPORATIONS Most Avon Books paperbacks are available at special quantity discounts for bulk purchases for sales promotions, premiums, or fund-raising.
    [Show full text]
  • Tara Mata – Astrological World Cycles
    Astrological World Cycles By Tara Mata (Laurie Pratt) Published in Serial Format in 1932-33 IN a series of articles, of which this is the first, the writer proposes to demonstrate the profound connection of an astronomical phenomenon, known as the Precession of the Equinoxes, with the history of mankind and the great cycles of the world. The true Age, or Yuga, of the present world-period, in reference to the Grand Cycle of Time, symbolized by the stars in their courses, will be pointed out, and certain erroneous ideas that have been circulated by modern philosophical literature, due to misunderstanding of the ancient Hindu Scriptures, will be corrected. The writer will attempt to make all astronomical and astrological references clear enough to be understood by those with only a very elementary knowledge of those sciences. Authority Is Great Hindu Sage Readers of EAST-WEST will be interested to know that the chief authority for the writer’s central thesis, which will be developed mainly in the second article of this series, is a small work, published privately in India, entitled: "The Holy Science," by Swami Yogananda’s Guru and Master, Swami Sri Yukteswar Giriji Maharaj, founder of Sadhumandal (counsel of sages) and its various Sat-Sanga (fellowship) branches in different parts of India. This saintly Guru is a learned and illuminating commentator on the Bhagavad Gita and other Scriptures, including the Christian Bible, and has, in addition, a grasp of modern science that entitles his views to a very respectful hearing. Systems of Chronology The many systems of chronology adopted by different nations at various times are usually the source of great confusion to later historians and archaeologists in their attempts to fix the periods of history.
    [Show full text]
  • Lawsofmenuvolume035422mbp.Pdf
    THE SCIENCE OF SOCIAL ORGANISATION WORKS BY BHAGAVAN DAS Krishna. A Study in the Theory of Avataras. The Essential Unity of All Religions. Mystic Experiences or Tales from Yoga Vasishta. The Science of the I motions. The Science of Peace or Adhyatma-Vidya. The Science of Religion. (Sanatana Vaidika .. DharmaJ ... the The Science of; Sacred Word or Pranava Vada. r ' The Science of Social Organization or Laws of Manu in the Light of Atma-Vidya. THE SCIENCE OF SOCIAL ORGANISATION OB THE LAWS OF MANU IN THE LIGHT OF 5.TMA-YIDYS. BY BHAGAVAN DAS (Hon. D.L., Benares University Second Edition (Revised and Enlarge^ Volume I THEOSOPHICAL PUBLISHING HOUSE ADYAR, MADRAS, INDIA 1932 Printed by A. K. Sitarama Shastri, at the Vasanta Press, Adyar, Madras. ADDENDUM ON page 274, after line 13, add : This Comparative Religion would embody and express that aspect of Metaphysio which would reconcile all particular religions by showing that there was Unity among them all as regards essentials, due to the Unity (Skt. fika-ta, P.-A. Wahdat) of the Self from which they all issue,, while the Difference was to be found only in the superficial non-essential details, varying with the variations of time-place-circumstance, due to the Manyness (Skt. An-ekata, P.-A. Easrat) of the Not-Self. Or, in accordance with the sub-division into- three, of the sciences subserving the first threefold end of life, Moksha-Shastra may be sub-divided into (a) Parshana-Shasfcra, Brahma-vi4ya, tha Science of the Infinite, including Acjhyatma- Shasfra or Psychology, Nyaya-Shasfcra or Logic, Mlmamsa or Pharma-Karma-Shastra or Ethics, (6) Yoga-Shastra, Applied Psychology, the Psychical Science ani Art of Superphysical Powers and of active identification of iniividual with Universal Consciousness, and (c] Bhakti-Shas^ra, the Science and Art of Devotion, of purifyin? the heart and spiritualising the emotions by the cultivation of the Love Divine (P,-A.
    [Show full text]
  • Begone Dingir
    Common sumerian words for magickal purposes Akhkharu = Vampire Alal = Destroyer Alla Xul = Evil God Barra! = Begone Dingir Xul = Evil God Edin Na Zu = Go to the desert! (a form of exorcism) Gelal = Incubus Gigim Xul = Evil Spirit Gidim Xul = Evil Ghost Idimmu = Demon Idpa = Fever Kashshaptu = Witch Lalartu = Phantom Lalassu = Spectre Lilit = Succubus Maskim Xul = Evil Fiend (Ambusher, Lier-In-Wait) Mulla Xul = Evil Devil Rabishu = Sam As Maskim Xul Telal = Wicked Demon (Warrior) Uggae = God Of Death Uruku = Larvae Utuk Xul = Evil Spirit Names of People|Gods|Places / Words for People|Gods|Places ADAR = Star of NINASU AMAUSHUMGALANNA = Lord of Bread of Life ('date clusters') ANSHAR = Foremost of the Heavens ANSHARGAL = Great Prince of Heaven ANU = the Heavenly One BADTIBIRA = Land (bright land) Where the Ores are Made Final BUZUR = God of the Deep Mines (God Who Solves Secrets) DAMKIANNA = Mistress of Earth and Heaven DUMUZI = Son Who is Life EA = He Whose House is Water EANNA = House of Anu EBABBAR = House of the Rising Sun EDIN (valley of Edin) = Land of Mas EENGURRA = House of the Lord Whose Return is Triumphant EGISNUGAL or GISNU = House Causing Light EHURSAGKALAMMA = Mountainhead for all the Lands EKUR or KUR or KURGAL = House Mountain (great mountain) EKUR = House Which is Like a Mountain EMEURANNA = House of the ME's of ANU's Hero ENKI = Lord of Earth ENLIL = Lord of Airspace EZINU = Goddess of the Grain GIBIL = One of Fire GULA or BAU = Lady Who the Dead Brings Back to Life HEBAT = Lady of the Skies HURSAGMU = Mountain of the Sky-Chambers
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Indo-Aryan Civilisation
    CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Library NA1502.H38 The ancient and medieval architecture of 3 1924 011 010 109 .,«,.... M Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924011010109 THE ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE OF INDIA: A STUDY OF INDO-ARYAN CIVILISATION THE ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE OF INDIA: A STUDY OF INDO-ARYAN CIVILISATION BY E. B. HAVELL AUTHOR OF 'INDIAN SCULPTURE AND PAINTING," "THE IDEALS OF INDIAN ART' ' ' lEfDIAN ARCHITECTURE : ITS PSYCHOLOGY, STRUCTURE, AND HISTORY ETC. WITH 176 ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAP LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W. 1915 .o All Rights Reserved a<S.PS3 ^ TO ABANINDRO NATH TAGORE WITH HIS guru's greetings : PREFACE All but the last three chapters of this book were written before the fateful days of August which saw Great Britain once more engaged in fighting for the liberties of Europe against a hateful military despotism. The splendid demonstration of Indian loyalty which the war has called forth should not blind the British nation to the fact that the work of building up our Empire in the East, so far from being finished, will inevitably grow more difificult year by year and demand more watchful care from British statesmen. It will certainly be impossible for Great Britain to continue to refuse India privileges which our ally, Russia, is willing to grant to her Asiatic subjects; and the problem of reconciling Indian aspirations with the vital interests of the Empire can only be solved satisfactorily by avoiding the dangers into which we have drifted with regard to the government of Ireland.
    [Show full text]
  • Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia
    AN ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia JEREMY BLACK AND ANTHONY GREEN Illustrations by Tessa Rickards Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia An Illustrated Dictionary Jeremy Black and Anthony Green Illustrations by Tessa Rickards THE BRITISH MUSEUM PRESS Jeremy Black The late Dr Black, formerly Director of the British School of Archaeology in Iraq, was a Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford, and University Lecturer in Akkadian. He was the author of several studies on Sumerian and Babylonian literature and ancient philology, and headed the Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature project (http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk ) Anthony Green Dr Green has formerly held the positions of Fellow of the British School of Archaeology in Iraq, J. Paul Getty Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the History of Art at the University of Pennsylvania, G.A. Wainwright Research Fellow in Near Eastern Archaeology at Oxford University, and Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellow at the Free University of Berlin. He is currently Shinji Shumeikai Senior Academic Research Fellow in Near Eastern Art and Archaeology at the Free University of Berlin. He has conducted extensive archaeological fieldwork in Syria and Iraq and writes on ancient Mesopotamian art and archaeology. Tessa Rickards Tessa Rickards is a freelance archaeological illustrator specialising in ancient Mesopotamia. She has worked as an illus- trator on numerous international excavations in the Middle East. She is an MA graduate of the Institute of Archaeology, University College London. Front cover: Green jasper seal depicting a conflict between two heroes, a bull-man, a bull and a lion. Dated 225o BC, origin unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • Its Missionary Aspect
    BRTRAND ACRES OF BOCKS 240 LONG tbACH BLVD. LONG 6ACH, CALIF. THE RENAISSANCE IN INDIA ITS MISSIONARY ASPECT BY THE REV. G. F. ANDREWS, M.A. OF THE CAMBRIDGE BROTHERHOOD, DELHI SOMETIME FELLOW OF PEMBROKE COLLEGE AND VICE-PRINCIPAL OF WESTCOTT HODSE, CAMBRIDGE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY SALISBURY SQUARE, LONDON, E.C. 1912 CONTENTS PAGE EDITOR S PREFACE . vii NOTES ON THE SPELLING OF HINDU NAMES . x AUTHOR S PREFACE ..... xi PROLOGUE ...... 1 CHAPTER I. THE INDIAN UNREST . 3 II. INDIAN EDUCATION . .26 III. HINDUISM AS A RELIGIOUS GROWTH . .60 IV. THE NEW REFORMATION . 106 V. THE CHALLENGE OF HINDUISM . 145 VI. CHRISTIAN DIFFICULTIES IN INDIA . 175 VII. INDIAN WOMANHOOD .... 206 VIII. CHRISTIAN IDEALS IN INDIA . 238 APPENDICES I. WHAT IT is TO BE A HINDU . 269 II. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTIONS . 271 III. CHART : RELIGIOUS GROWTH OF HINDUISM . 272 IV. TYPICAL PASSAGES FROM THE REFORMERS . 274 V. A MODERN HINDU CATECHISM . 280 VI. THE ANGLO-INDIAN COMMUNITY . 285 VII. NESTORIAN CHRISTIANITY AND THE BHAKTI SCHOOL . .287 VIII. HINDU TERMINOLOGY AND CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE 289 IX. POPULATION OF INDIA BY RELIGION . 293 X. CHRISTIANS IN INDIA BY DENOMINATION . 292 XI. TABLE OF LITERACY .... 294 XII. NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN INDIAN COLLEGES, 1909-10 . .295 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 297 INDEX ....... 305 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS DAY BREAKETH&quot; . Frontispiece FACING PAGE THE CITY OF DELHI ..... 3 THE RIVER GANGES AT . BENARES . 10 MAULVI NAZIR AHMAD, LL.D., D.O.L. 22 MAP OF INDIA .... 27 SERAMPUR ..... 31 MARTYN S PAGODA .... 33 STUDENTS AT ALLAHABAD : OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE HOSTEL, ALLAHABAD ... 46 A BENGALI STUDENT . .50 KRISHNA DR MOHAN BANERJI .
    [Show full text]
  • The Sumerians
    THE SUMERIANS THE SUMERIANS THEIR HISTORY, CULTURE, AND CHARACTER Samuel Noah Kramer THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS Chicago & London THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, CHICAGO 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 1963 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved Published 1963 Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 0-226-45237-9 (clothbound); 0-226-45238-7 (paperbound) Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 63-11398 89 1011 12 To the UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA and its UNIVERSITY MUSEUM PREFACE The year 1956 saw the publication of my book From the Tablets of Sumer, since revised, reprinted, and translated into numerous languages under the title History Begins at Sumer. It consisted of twenty-odd disparate essays united by a common theme—"firsts" in man s recorded history and culture. The book did not treat the political history of the Sumerian people or the nature of their social and economic institutions, nor did it give the reader any idea of the manner and method by which the Sumerians and their language were discovered and "resurrected/' It is primarily to fill these gaps that the present book was conceived and composed. The first chapter is introductory in character; it sketches briefly the archeological and scholarly efforts which led to the decipher­ ment of the cuneiform script, with special reference to the Sumerians and their language, and does so in a way which, it is hoped, the interested layman can follow with understanding and insight. The second chapter deals with the history of Sumer from the prehistoric days of the fifth millennium to the early second millennium B.C., when the Sumerians ceased to exist as a political entity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Routledge Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons
    The Routledge Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons From classical Greek and Roman mythology to the gods of Eastern Europe and Mesopotamia; from Nordic giants to Islamic jinns and Egyptian monsters, this classic dictionary is packed with descriptions of the figures most worshipped and feared around the world and across time. Fully cross-referenced and with over 100 illustrations, it also features two handy appendices listing the functions and attributes shared by these deities and demons. Covering over 1800 of the most important gods and demons from around the world, this is the essential resource for anyone interested in comparative religion and the mythology of the ancient and contemporary worlds. Manfred Lurker was, from 1968 to 1980, editor of the Bibliography of Symbolism, Iconography and Mythology. He has published widely on symbolism and the history of religion. The Routledge Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons Manfred Lurker First published in German in 1984 as Lexicon der Götter und Dämonen by Alfred Krämer Verlag, Stuttgart This translation first published in 1987 by Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd This reissue published 2004 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1987 All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]