Abstracts
In Company with Holy Defense Document Center Reporter Martyr Mohammad Garakani he report considered for this part is a handwritten by the narrator of Fajr Headquarter, martyr TMohammad Garakani, in Ramadan Operation. These kinds of reports are written immediately after the operation. This report is about Fajr Headquarter function in Ramadan Operation.. Õ|ÒÕ||
Chronology of Iran-Iraq War
arious war histories are narrated in different ways. Chronology is a common way of writing war Vhistories. In this method, events are narrated daily, weekly, and periodically as they have happened. This quarterly tries to detect military, political, economic, and social aspects of Iran-Iraq war important events in national, regional, and international levels in chronological form. This method, in addition to existing analyses and documents, can reveal war events chronologically and more carefully and help the readers to have a better understanding of the war history. In this number, events of summer 1980 are briefly discussed that in some way were important in preparing the way for Saddam regime to begin the war.
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Book Review
he following book related to Iran-Iraq war and US function in Iraq's bombing of Halabja, is Tintroduced and reviewed: |Ì|A Poisonous Affair: America, Iraq, and the Gassing of Halabja
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Information
n this section, we get familiar with "Khoramshahr in a Long War", an important book published by IHolly Defense Documents Center about Khoramshahr events at the beginning of the war and Iranians' resistance against Iraqi forces. Õ|ÒÕ||
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Innovation and Inventiveness: Kheibar Bridge
e can find many cases of innovation in Iran-Iraq war. As we know, this year (1387) is named Wby Ayat- Allah Khamenei as the year of innovation and flourishing. So this quarterly has allocated a few pages to the topic of innovations in Iran-Iraq war. For example, it discusses the background, planning, manufacturing, and construction of Kheibar Bridge in Majnoon Island referring to its problems and limitations with responsible officials. Õ|ÒÕ||
Documents and Reports
Mentioning the date of events according to the historical documents is one of the most reliable ways in history writing. Loves or hates, interests, values, and mental issues can have very little effect on historical documents. These documents are of great value in narrating historical realities since they are provided at the time of the event by the experts and are less affected by next events. Historical documents are not of equal validity and researchers have to evaluate their reliability yet they are useful in historiography. Publishing these documents provides a suitable ground for history writing and grants a special validity to the history written. So, Negin Iran quarterly, like previous numbers, in this section wants to publish different historical documents about Iran, Iraq and other countries related to the imposed war. Ramadan Operation can be considered as one of the main chapters of Iran-Iraq war (1359-1367). After Various Victories in Samen-ol-Aemmeh Operations (recapturing Abadan), Tarig-ol-Quds (recapturing Bostan), Fath-ol-Mobin (freeing the west Part of Dezful), and Beit-ol-Mogaddas (recapturing khorramshahr), Iranian forces had to halt (14-30 July 1982) in Ramadan Operation. It was the first unsuccessfulness after all those victories. This issue, despite its achievements (destroying a noticeable number of enemy soldiers and equipments, proving Iranians' determination to restore their rights, preventing from nonalignment conference in Baghdad …), had caused some concerns and anxieties in Iran's camp. Ramadan Operation reminded us that the shift in fighting field and adopting an absolute defense strategy by the enemy caused us, unlike the past, to adopt new plans and provide new conditions, without which we wouldn't be able to reach the desired results. For different reasons (that our soldier's unsuccessfulness was the most important of them), sufficient attention was not given to different aspects of Ramadan Operation. So, this quarterly tries to allocate a section to this operation and its related documents (some of which are available only in the archive of Holy Defense Documents Center) to have a new narration of this operation and its difficult conditions. Õ|ÒÕ||
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Abstracts
The War Generation in Iraq: A Case of Failed Etatist Nationalism Faleh Jabar / Askar Gahramanpoor his essay is about the Iraqi nation involved in Iran-Iraq war and two Iraq-America wars. The writer Tof this paper has done a wide field research among Iraqi war prisoners in Iran and among Iraqi military refugees in other countries. He has used the statistical findings of this research to support his explanations. He has written about Iraqi people motivations to take part in these wars. Further, he examines pathology of Baath regime strategy in keeping different forces in scene and their position after the war. Õ|ÒÕ||
Iraq's Use of Chemical Weapons Against Iran and Its Strategic Consequences: A Comparative Study Dr. Heidar Ali Balooji his essay with a historical look reviews the use of chemical weapons in the World Wars I and II Tand other limited wars before this imposed war against Iran. Then, it explains the international regulations on prohibition and non-proliferation of chemical weapons. Regarding Iran-Iraq War, the use of these weapons against Iranian military forces and civilians as well as Iraqi people is discussed. At the end, the reaction of United Nations and the West to this inhumane action is mentioned. Õ|ÒÕ||
Content Analysis of World Press Regarding Iran-Iraq War Rogayeh Mohammadi ews about Iran-Iraq War outbreak in world press and their analysis of this war has been Nconsidered in this essay. Its method is content analysis using statistical data. Analyzed news is related to a two-year period. Each news headline trend will be discussed in a special format. Õ|ÒÕ||
Roundtable: Reconsidering Ramadan Operation in an Exclusive interview with Dr. Mohsen Rezaee
amadan Operation is known as one of the most important operations of Iran-Iraq war which Rdivides this eight-year period into two parts. So historians and the war analysts pay a special attention to this operation. This quarterly has discussed Ramadan Operation with Islamic Revolutionary Guards Commander, Dr. Mohsen Rezaee". Õ|ÒÕ||
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Abstracts Abstracts
Future Studies and Deterrence Dr. Farhad Darvishi nderstanding future evolutions is a necessity for governance in this developing world. In Umilitary affairs, deterrence, elaborated in this part, is a way of countering probable future conflicts. Õ|ÒÕ||
The Relation between Military Necessities and Humanitarian Principles in Armed Conflicts Law: Balance or Restriction Dr. Saleh Rezaee reventing or minimizing life and property losses in different Wars is the main and the most Pimportant aim for armed conflicts law. This branch of law pays attention to achieving this aim through observing military necessities and humanitarian principles simultaneously. Military necessities explain the necessity of the war termination and humanitarian principles confine struggling and fighting ways for the two sides. Although rapid ending of wars is a main goal for armed conflicts law, it doesn't insist on their termination at any rate and through any possible way. According to this law, the two sides are not free limitlessly to refer to the military necessities as an excuse for violating the rules and regulations. They are allowed to continue the war only under some special conditions. Armed conflicts low reminds the importance of human rights in the wars. However, between humanitarian and military necessities, priority is given to the latter one. This essay tries to examine the meaning, conditions, and the extent of military necessities and their contradiction with humanitarian considerations in the light of armed conflicts low. Õ|ÒÕ||
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stnetnoC
In Company with Holy Defense Document Center Reporter
AReport on Fajer Headquarter Function in Ramadan Operation 135 |Û|Mohammad Garakani Martyr
Chronology of Iran-Iraq War
Iran-Iraq War Chronology: Summer 1980 (Setting Premises for War Outbreak) 143 |Û|Sajjad Nakhaei
Book Review
A Poisonous Affair: America, Iraq, and the Gassing of Halabja 153 |Û|Dr. Heidar Ali Balochi
Information
Book Review: 'Khoramshahr in a Long War 157 |Û|Zahra Abou Ali
The War in Picture
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Contents
Editorial Note
Future Studies and Deterrence 5 |Û|Dr. Farhad Darvishi
Articles
The Relationship between Military Necessities and Humanitarian 9 |Û|Dr. Saleh Rezaee Principles in Armed Conflicts Law: Balance or Restriction Û The War Generation in Iraq: ACase of Failed Etatist Nationalism 15 | |Faleh Jabar (Askar Gahramanpoor)
Iraq's Use of Chemical Weapons Against Iran and Its Strategic 33 |Û|Dr. Heidar Ali Balooji Consequences: AComparative Study
Content Analysis of World Press Regarding Iran-Iraq War 45 |Û|Rogayeh Mohammadi
Roundtable
The Unsaid Realities about Ramadan Operation: 63 An Exclusive Interview with Dr. Mohsen Rezaee
Innovation and Inventiveness
Locked and Paused Ramadan Operation Worked as a Sparkle of ANew Operation in Hour 75
Organizing Anti-Tank Teams and Hunting Iraqi Amour in the East Basreh 81
Iran-Iraq War Documents and Reports (Special Part on Ramadan Operation)
Ramadan Operation: Collapse of Conventional old Strategies and 83 Beginning of new Innovative Approaches
Reasons for Iran's Crossing Iraq's Border after Recapturing Khoramshahr 87 |Û|Ali Reza lotfollahzaadegan
Explaining Ramadan Operation to Its Operating Forces: the Main 95 |Û|Hadi Nakhaei Concern for IIRG Commander after the Operation
An Abstract of a Report about Ashora Brigade in Ramadan Operation 107
Triangular Obstacles: Iraq's Defense Tactics in Ramadan Operation 117
Ramadan Operation: A Statistical Review 119
Ramadan Operation from Iraqi Point of View: East Basreh 121 Combats Explanations (Ramadan Operation) A Document from Monafegin: An Introduction to 131 Ramadan Operation and the Future of the War
An Iraqi Document: Iraq's Understanding of Basij and IIRG 133 In The Name of God
The Quarterly on Holy Defence
Vol.6 Ñ No.25 Ñ Summer 2008
Publisher IIRG’s Holy Deffence Document Center
Editor in Chief Major General Mohammad Ali Jafari
Vice Editor - in - Chief Dr. Hussein Ardestani
Editor Dr. Farhad Darvishi
Editorial Committe Members Dr. Gholam Ali Rashid, Dr. Hussein Alaei, Dr. Hussein Ardestani, Dr. Farhad Darvishi, Hassan Rahimpoor Azghadi, Dr. Mahmood Yazdanfam
Internal Manager Seid Masood Mousavi
Edited by Farahnaz Naeimi
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Type Zahra Talei
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Support Affairs Mohammad Shariati
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