Introduction

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Introduction Introduction Welcome to Dark Eras 2. Much like Dark Eras and the Dark Eras Companion, this book explores chapters of history through the Chronicles of Darkness. Each chapter presents two or more game lines set against a backdrop of historical intrigue and events. The materials presented in the chapters are compatible with Chronicles of Darkness Second Edition rules. Following a description of the eras, a list of historically appropriate Skills has been included for use in your chronicles. What’s in This Book? Dark Eras 2 consists of 13 eras, at least one for each Chronicles of Darkness game line. The eras are presented here in chronological order, beginning with the oldest: We are not • Promethean: The Created/Beast: The Primordial/Werewolf: The makersWe areof history. not Forsaken — Hunger in the Black Land (1806 BCE): Sobekneferu was We are made by history. the last pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom, ascending to power during a makers of history. time of transition. Her father built a pyramid and a mysterious labyrinth — Martin Luther King, Jr. at Hawara, near Shedet (modern-day Faiyum), but she completed the We are made by labyrinth and may be the only one left alive who knows its secrets. The h i s to ry. Greeks will later call Shedet “Crocodilopolis,” for the crocodile god Sobek and his children reign supreme there. The Forsaken fight a war Martin Luther over territory and pride with their reptilian cousins, while Prometheans deal with the disparity between the Nepri — worshipped as kings and King, Jr. gods — and the others, evading mortuary alchemists and mummified animal Pandorans. Meanwhile, the Begotten seek allies to deal with the rise of senseless violence among Heroes and the waking Insatiable of the Nile. • Changeling: The Lost/Promethean: The Created — The Seven Wonders (286–226 BCE): As the locations of the most significant manmade struc- tures in the world are revealed, adventurers from Greece and beyond seek them out to bask in their glory. It is tragic, however, that some wonders must be kept secret. The Gentry do not respond well to their Hedge being disturbed, and the seven wonders are coated in thorns for the unwary. There is no telling what they will do when they encounter the Created, who have heard of these wondrous places immune to war, the ravages of time, and Disquiet. Though the Created seek to protect the wonders like a mother would a child, the Gentry have their own reasons for safeguarding them. • Hunter: The Vigil/Changeling: The Lost/Vampire: The Requiem — Arthur’s Britannia (400–500 CE): You’ve heard the stories of King Arthur Sampleand Mordred, Merlin and Morgana. Inspired byfile medieval romance, the Arthurian myth lives on. Get behind the myth, find the source of these tales, and adventure in Great Britain during the legendary King Arthur’s 10 introduction rule. For, in the Chronicles of Darkness, nothing is • Mummy: The Curse/Hunter: The Vigil — Rise of what it seems. The shadows we explore will expose the Last Imperials (1644–1661 CE): The last Imperial darker secrets that follow King Arthur and his Dynasty, the Qing, was established by Nurhaci fol- Knights of the Round Table wherever they roam. lowing the takeover of Beijing. Masters of northern China, the powerful Great Qing successfully usurped • Beast: The Primordial/Vampire: The Requiem weakened Ming rulers, but their rule was marked by — One Thousand and One Nightmares (832 CE): their treatment of the Han Chinese. Despite this, the The Islamic Golden Age during the reign of Caliph Shunzhi Emperor, assisted by his co-regents Dorgon al-Ma’mun is a time of great advances in science and Jirgalang, began to preserve centuries of Chinese and culture, but it’s also a time for getting into the arts and literature while searching for mummies ru- mystic as the House of Wisdom brings the One mored to be active in the area. Caught between the Thousand and One Nights tales into the light, expos- present and the distant past, mummies clash with ing records of true supernatural events and sparking rival Arisen, sweeping Han Chinese hunters into unprecedented human curiosity about the unknown. their wake who must face many threats to uphold The Begotten reach out to help their vampire kin the Vigil. (and others) cope with the mortal situation that’s swiftly turning the tide against the night’s horrors; • Mummy: The Curse/Geist: The Sin-Eaters — the Islamic covenants must decide how to redefine The Scandinavian Witch Trials (1608–1698 CE): the Masquerade in a changing world. During this Scandinavian countries quickly adopted the witch time, the powerful Al-Khayzuran, mother to the trials from Germany after the Reformation, and were Caliph, ensures the tales’ power over human imagi- even more cautious about magic and witches, as they nation through her mysterious connection with the knew they lived closer to hell than most other coun- Primordial Dream and the ancient queen Chehrazad. tries. Magic was no longer seen as a tool to alter fates or change the course of lives, and it was no longer • Hunter: The Vigil/Demon: The Descent — Empire directly linked to communication with gods. Those of Gold and Dust (1337–1347 CE): Founded by King wielding magic were no longer respected and sacred, Sundiata, the vast Mali Empire was formed after but were hunted and condemned by society, friends, several smaller kingdoms were consolidated and and family, as witchcraft became directly linked with lasted from 1230 to 1600 CE. At its height, the the workings of hell. A constant paranoia dominates empire stretched from the Atlantic coastline, past the Nordic countries. No one knows when it might Timbuktu, to the edges of the Sahara Desert. Ruled be their turn to burn for heresy. Sin-Eaters struggle as a monarchy, the Empire of Mali was multilingual to balance their will to live against their need for and multiethnic, with Islam being the dominant revenge, while the Arisen awake to a dangerous world religion. This period is a time of turmoil. Following and must decide what role they play. the death of the legendary Musa Keita I in 1337, the empire suffered from a series of short-term, faulty • Mage: The Awakening/Geist: The Sin-Eaters — reigns beginning with his son’s four-year rule. With The Devil and the Deep Blue Sea (1716 –1717 CE): Like the empire’s security and prosperity at stake, the the Great Below and the many mysterious places creatures of the Chronicles of Darkness are on the mages roam, the ocean’s depths are seen only in move. glimpses, filled with wondrous and terrifying things that never see the light of day — but willworkers • Deviant: The Renegades/Mage: The Awakening/ and the Bound have the means and the will to stare Demon: The Descent — Light of the Sun (1630–1640 into these abysses. Although there’s nothing kind CE): Galileo. Kepler. Newton. On the heels of the about cutthroat pirates, the promise of equality and Italian Renaissance, reason and belief clash at every honor among thieves appeals to those downtrodden turn. Scientific discoveries proving heliocentrism are by the system, whether that’s the British Empire, subverted and deemed heretical. Scientists, mages, the Diamond, or the Kerberoi. Mage society teeters and astronomers are arrested by the Inquisition, and on the brink of civil war as the Silver Ladder allies their books are banned. In response, intellectuals with the Seers of the Throne to stamp out Nassau’s on the brink of discovery turn to alchemy and the Nameless Order, while the Bound sail with their magical arts, and create deviants to defend their brotherhoods to stop marauding Reapers and plumb laboratories and universities. Not all in this age the haunted seas. agree violence is the option, however, and worry the SampleChurch’s power is too strong to fight. What’s more, • Vampire: The Requiem/Demon: file The Descent/ no one expected the deviants to have a mind and Mummy: The Curse — The Reign of Terror will of their own. (1793–1794 CE): Enlightenment philosophies and revolution shake the long-standing institutions of 11 Whats In This Book monarchy and hierarchy in France to their core. Brackett, Ray Bradbury, and Jack Vance. Though Immortal Kindred hidden within the House of these stories are works of fiction, it is often said that Bourbon scheme to hold onto the power and privilege all tales have kernels of truth. In the Chronicles of they crave, while the beginnings of the Carthian Darkness, experience the Golden Age of Science Movement scheme to kick in some fangs and make Fiction as you never have before, through the eyes the elders bleed alongside disenfranchised mortals of its creatures. yearning for liberty. The Arisen question whether they, too, should rise up against their Judges, drawn to Paris by the mysterious Empire of the Dead in the catacombs below the city. The God-Machine Skills has its own plans for the catacomb’s Lifeweb, and The following summarizes pre-modern Skills presented while mummies work with vampires and demons to in Dark Eras. unearth its secrets, the Unchained Agendas splin- ter into factions over whether the revolution is the Archery Machine’s way of cleansing France, or an opportunity to openly defy it and finally find Hell on Earth. The Firearms Skill didn’t exist before 1500 and didn’t completely eclipse the Archery Skill in ranged combat • Changeling: The Lost/Mage: The Awakening — until the mid-1800s, when cheap and reliable hand-carried Mysterious Frontiers (1874 CE): Five years ago, the guns became available. Characters born in the transition First Transcontinental Railroad was completed, period may have training in both Skills, or just one.
Recommended publications
  • Temples and Tombs Treasures of Egyptian Art from the British Museum
    Temples and Tombs Treasures of Egyptian Art from The British Museum Resource for Educators this is max size of image at 200 dpi; the sil is low res and for the comp only. if approved, needs to be redone carefully American Federation of Arts Temples and Tombs Treasures of Egyptian Art from The British Museum Resource for Educators American Federation of Arts © 2006 American Federation of Arts Temples and Tombs: Treasures of Egyptian Art from the British Museum is organized by the American Federation of Arts and The British Museum. All materials included in this resource may be reproduced for educational American Federation of Arts purposes. 212.988.7700 800.232.0270 The AFA is a nonprofit institution that organizes art exhibitions for presen- www.afaweb.org tation in museums around the world, publishes exhibition catalogues, and interim address: develops education programs. 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1514 New York, NY 10168 after April 1, 2007: 305 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017 Please direct questions about this resource to: Suzanne Elder Burke Director of Education American Federation of Arts 212.988.7700 x26 [email protected] Exhibition Itinerary to Date Oklahoma City Museum of Art Oklahoma City, Oklahoma September 7–November 26, 2006 The Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens Jacksonville, Florida December 22, 2006–March 18, 2007 North Carolina Museum of Art Raleigh, North Carolina April 15–July 8, 2007 Albuquerque Museum of Art and History Albuquerque, New Mexico November 16, 2007–February 10, 2008 Fresno Metropolitan Museum of Art, History and Science Fresno, California March 7–June 1, 2008 Design/Production: Susan E.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Egyptian Chronology and the Book of Genesis
    Answers Research Journal 4 (2011):127–159. www.answersingenesis.org/arj/v4/ancient-egyptian-chronology-genesis.pdf Ancient Egyptian Chronology and the Book of Genesis Matt McClellan, [email protected] Abstract One of the most popular topics among young earth creationists and apologists is the relationship of the Bible with Ancient Egyptian chronology. Whether it concerns who the pharaoh of the Exodus was, the background of Joseph, or the identity of Shishak, many Christians (and non-Christians) have wondered how these two topics fit together. This paper deals with the question, “How does ancient Egyptian chronology correlate with the book of Genesis?” In answering this question it begins with an analysis of every Egyptian dynasty starting with the 12th Dynasty (this is where David Down places Moses) and goes back all the way to the so called “Dynasty 0.” After all the data is presented, this paper will look at the different possibilities that can be constructed concerning how long each of these dynasties lasted and how they relate to the biblical dates of the Great Flood, the Tower of Babel, and the Patriarchs. Keywords: Egypt, pharaoh, Patriarchs, chronology, Abraham, Joseph Introduction Kingdom) need to be revised. This is important During the past century some scholars have when considering the relationship between Egyptian proposed new ways of dating the events of ancient history and the Tower of Babel. The traditional dating history before c. 700 BC.1 In 1991 a book entitled of Ancient Egyptian chronology places its earliest Centuries of Darkness by Peter James and four of dynasties before the biblical dates of the Flood and his colleagues shook the very foundations of ancient confusion of the languages at Babel.
    [Show full text]
  • Middle Kingdom Chronology
    Middle Kingdom Chronology 11th Dynasty (star,ng in the middle) (at Thebes) Nebhepetre Montuhotep (II) Seankhkare Montuhotep III Nebtawyre Montuhotep IV 12th Dynasty (at Itj-tawy) Amenemhat I (former vizier?) Senwosret I (probable co-regency with Amenemhat I) Amenemhat II (probable co-regency with Senwosret I) Senwosret II (probable co-regency with Amenemhat II) Senwosret III Amenemhat III (probable co-regency with Senwosret III) Amenemhat IV Sobeknefru 13th Dynasty (at Itj-tawy, then Thebes) many kings of whom Neferhotep I and Sobekhotep IV are the best aested Lahun Papyri Name list for a work project: Year 41 month 3 of flood day [...] Drawn up, the bureau of the district of Hetep-Senusret beside the deputy Sneferu’s son Sneferu by the calculator of manpower Ipherkhenet’s son Ipneb Mustering the labourforce of stone haulers who are for the sec,on of month 4 of flood and month 1 of spring Namelist [of labourers] alloKed against the s,pulaons of the sec,on of month 4 of flood, month 1 of spring Director [...’s son] Khety [...] [...] “what is in the estate” of Wah: a 12th Dynasty will from Lahun “I am making my imet-per for my wife the woman of Gesiab Satsopdu’s daughter She\u called Te,, consis,ng of everything my brother the Trusty Sealer of the Director of Works Ankhren gave me, with everything in its place, being everything he gave me. May she give to whichever of her children she wishes of those she bears to me. I am giving her the Asiacs, four individuals, whom my brother the Trusty Sealer of the Director of Works Ankhren gave me.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CAIRO DAHSHUR BOATS a Thesis by PEARCE PAUL
    THE CAIRO DAHSHUR BOATS A Thesis by PEARCE PAUL CREASMAN Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS December 2005 Major Subject: Anthropology THE CAIRO DAHSHUR BOATS A Thesis by PEARCE PAUL CREASMAN Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Approved by: Chair of Committee, Cemal Pulak Committee Members, Filipe Vieira de Castro James Rosenheim Head of Department, David Carlson December 2005 Major Subject: Anthropology iii ABSTRACT The Cairo Dahshur Boats. (December 2005) Pearce Paul Creasman, B.A., The University of Maine Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Cemal Pulak Excavations conducted in A.D. 1894 and 1895 by French archaeologist Jean- Jacques de Morgan at the funerary complex of the ancient Egyptian Middle Kingdom pharaoh Senwosret III on the plain of Dahshur revealed some unparalleled finds which included five or six small boats. These boats provide a unique opportunity in nautical archaeology—to study contemporaneous hulls. Today, only four of the "Dahshur boats" can be located with certainty; two are in the United States, one in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh and one in the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. The remaining two are on display in The Egyptian Museum, Cairo. Since their excavation these boats remained relatively inconspicuous until the mid-1980s when a study of the two hulls in the United States was conducted. However, the two boats in Cairo remained largely unpublished.
    [Show full text]
  • Middle Kingdom Chronology
    Middle Kingdom Chronology 11th Dynasty (starng in the middle) (at Thebes) Nebhepetre Montuhotep (II) Seankhkare Montuhotep III Nebtawyre Montuhotep IV 12th Dynasty (at Itj‐tawy) Amenemhat I (former vizier?) Senwosret I (probable co‐regency with Amenemhat I) Amenemhat II (probable co‐regency with Senwosret I) Senwosret II (probable co‐regency with Amenemhat II) Senwosret III Amenemhat III (probable co‐regency with Senwosret III) Amenemhat IV Sobeknefru 13th Dynasty (at Itj‐tawy, then Thebes) many kings of whom Neferhotep I and Sobekhotep IV are the best aested The 13th Dynasty: decline and disunity? King Auibre Hor Khendjer Pyramid Complex, 13th Dynasty Sobekhotep IV Scarabs from the 13th Dynasty Administraon and administrators tombs in the Middle Kingdom: The royal family Ranking elite Private tombs as a means of accessing shis “Democrazaon” Regionalism Material culture The Royal Family in the Middle Kingdom Tomb of Sarenput I at Aswan From the tomb of Sarenput I at Aswan: “ I have built my tomb to show my gratude to the king Kheper‐Ka‐Ra (Senuseret I). His majesty made me great in the land. I have overturned very ancient rules and, it resulted that I reached the sky in an instant. I have employed arsans to work in my tomb and his Majesty congratulated me highly and oen in the presence of courtesans and the Queen. The tomb was equipped with palace furniture, decorated with all sorts of accessories, filled with decorave parts and provided with offerings. I should not want for any necessary thing, it was at the treasure house that all this was claimed for me.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Shadow of Osiris: Non-Royal Mortuary Landscapes at South
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 1-1-2014 In the Shadow of Osiris: Non-Royal Mortuary Landscapes at South Abydos During the Late Middle and New Kingdoms Kevin Michael Cahail University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the Islamic World and Near East History Commons Recommended Citation Cahail, Kevin Michael, "In the Shadow of Osiris: Non-Royal Mortuary Landscapes at South Abydos During the Late Middle and New Kingdoms" (2014). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1222. http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1222 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1222 For more information, please contact [email protected]. In the Shadow of Osiris: Non-Royal Mortuary Landscapes at South Abydos During the Late Middle and New Kingdoms Abstract Kevin M. Cahail Dr. Josef W. Wegner The site of South Abydos was home to royal mortuary complexes of both the late Middle, and New Kingdoms, belonging to Senwosret III and Ahmose. Thanks to both recent and past excavations, both of these royal establishments are fairly well understood. Yet, we lack a clear picture of the mortuary practices of the non- royal individuals living and working in the shadow of these institutions. For both periods, the main question is where the tombs of the non-royal citizens might exist. Additionally for the Middle Kingdom is the related issue of how these people commemorated their dead ancestors. Divided into two parts, this dissertation looks at the ways in which non-royal individuals living at South Abydos during these two periods dealt with burial and funerary commemoration.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyberscribe 190-June 2011
    1 CYBERSCRIBE-190 Menhedj, Volume One, Number Twelve (June 2011) This month’s column embraces a variety of topics much wider and more significant than usual. The CyberScribe is astonished at the implications some raise. With that sort of an opening line, what is that important? Well, Zahi Hawass is starting to flex his new muscles, and this time it is not anything that the foreign excavators can criticize. They can only look on with open mouths as the unthinkable occurs. What? Hawass has started removing Egyptian Muslim cemeteries that have encroached on land belonging to the antiquities ministry. For years these people have boldly cover important sites, knowing that burials are hard to remove one completed. The article (somewhat abbreviated) was one written by Hawass (http://snipurl.com/~a_) and here it is: “I will never forget what I saw when I went to Saqqara before I became Minister of Antiquities for the second time. During the Revolution, people built over five hundred tombs (a modern cemetery) above sites near the pyramids of Pepi I, Pepi II, and Djedkare Isesi. I found out that the people who live nearby also built a mosque on the causeway of the pyramid of Djedkare Isesi. [A new cemetery built near the Step Pyramid at Saqqara. (Photo: Sandro Vannini)] 2 ‘There was more destruction at Mit Rahina (ancient Memphis), where large cemeteries were built. Local people also built large cemeteries at Abusir, Lisht, the West Bank of Luxor, and many other sites all over Egypt. I was very upset by the attacks on the sites, and I could not sit by and watch them be destroyed like this.
    [Show full text]
  • Te Discovery of a Royal Sarcophagus Chamber
    MUSEUM EXCAVATIONS AT ABYDOS ANCIENT REUSE !e Discovery of a Royal Sarcophagus Chamber BY JOSEF WEGNER AND KEVIN M. CAHAIL uring June 2013, excavations ruined royal tombs: Tomb S9 and Tomb S10 that Arthur were underway near the base Weigall had 7rst examined in 1901–1902. What emerged of the Mountain-of-Anubis. from the ground last summer was a series of well-made 5e search was on for private tombs with vaulted chambers, each descending to a stone- cemeteries belonging to the lined burial chamber. Stripped clean by ancient tomb Middle Kingdom community robbers, the structures are di:cult to date precisely. of Wah-sut. Excavations since 1994 have revealed a large Strangely enough, however, there was something and complexd settlement site. But where are the tombs of Middle Kingdom in these tombs. One of them had the thousands of people who must have lived and died at departed from the normal format and made use of a mas- South Abydos ca. 1850–1650 BCE? sive, monolithic sarcophagus chamber. Over the top of Kevin Cahail has been investigating that issue for his this stone chamber, which is sunk about four feet into the dissertation research and we were excavating a group of desert sand, a roughly constructed brick vault and access tombs near the base of Mountain-of-Anubis that shaft had once been 7tted. 5e stone chamber, looked like promising candidates for Middle ABOVE: A massive however, is not original to the location; it is a reused quartzite Kingdom burials. 5ese had appeared in mag- sarcophagus chamber reused royal sarcophagus chamber.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology
    UCLA UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology Title Late Middle Kingdom Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gk7274p Journal UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, 1(1) Author Grajetzki, Wolfram Publication Date 2013-07-06 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California LATE MIDDLE KINGDOM ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ Wolfram Grajetzki EDITORS WILLEKE WENDRICH Editor-in-Chief University of California, Los Angeles JACCO DIELEMAN Editor University of California, Los Angeles ELIZABETH FROOD Editor University of Oxford JOHN BAINES Senior Editorial Consultant University of Oxford Short Citation: Grajetzki, 2013, Late Middle Kingdom. UEE. Full Citation: Grajetzki, Wolfram, 2013, Late Middle Kingdom. Willeke Wendrich (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz002hcnh5 8764 Version 1, July 2013 http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz002hcnh5 LATE MIDDLE KINGDOM ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ Wolfram Grajetzki Spätes Mittleres Reich Fin du Moyen Empire In the Egyptian late Middle Kingdom (from Senusret III in the mid 12th to the 13th Dynasty), innovations are visible at all levels of Egyptian culture and administration. At this time, the country was heavily centralized, and there are several indications of a wish for tighter control in administration, while local governors lost much of their power. Royal activities were mainly focused on the Memphis-Fayum region, with Abydos and Thebes being two other important centers. At Avaris in the east Delta, the population grew substantially, also due to the influx of many foreigners from the Near East. Senusret III launched military campaigns against Nubia and Palestine, on a scale not attested before.
    [Show full text]
  • Biblical Timeline (PDF)
    Years from Adam (Anno Mundi – Year of the World) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 Adam 0-930 Genesis 5:3-5 Seth 130-1042 Genesis 5:6-8 Enosh 235-1140 Genesis 5:9-11 Cainan 325-1235 Genesis 5:12-14 Mahalalel 395-1290 Genesis 5:15-17 Jared 460-1422 Genesis 5:18-20 Enoch And Enoch walked with God; 622-987 and he was not, for God took Genesis 5:21-23 him. Genesis 5:24 Methuselah Genesis 5:25-27 687-1656 Abel Lamech The Flood The Dates Unknown Genesis 5:28, 30-31 874-1651 Cain Noah Dates Unknown Genesis 5:32 1056-2006 Enoch Japheth Creation Dates Unknown Genesis 5:32, 10:21 1556-? Irad Shem Dates Unknown Genesis 11:10-11 1558-2508 Ham Genesis does not provide dates for the birth Mehujael or death of Cain or Abel or any of Cain’s Dates Unknown Dates Unknown descendants. The genealogy of Cain is Methushael shown here based on Genesis 4 with an assumed average lifespan of 900 years and Dates Unknown age of 75 at the birth of the next generation Lamech Dates Unknown Jabal Dates Unknown Father of those who dwell in tents. Genesis 4:20 Jubal Dates Unknown Father of those who play the harp and flute. Genesis 4:21 Tubal-Cain Instructor of every craftsman in Dates Unknown bronze and iron. Genesis 4:22 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 Key Messianic Line Key Events Mentioned in Scripture References are to actual event Other historical figures ¶ Indicates prophetic reference Prophets 3300 BC 3200 BC 3100 BC 3000 BC 2900 BC 2800 BC 2700 BC 2600 BC 2500 BC 2400 BC 2300 BC 2200
    [Show full text]
  • Bi3w Pwnt in the Archaeological Record Preliminary Results and Perspective of Research
    Bi3w Pwnt in the archaeological record Preliminary results and perspective of research ANDREA MANZO University of Naples “L’Orientale” Abstract This paper is devoted to the study of occurrence of the bi3w, the products from Punt, in the archaeological record and, more generally, to the contribution ar- chaeology can provide to the study of the Egypt-Punt trade. In particular, special emphasis is given to the reconstruction of aspects of this trade which can be only partially studied through texts and iconographic evidence, such as trade organiza- tion, the management of commodities, and the trade routes. Ebony, obsidian, ba- boons and dogs are discussed as study cases. Finds from Mersa/Wadi Gawasis, the Middle Kingdom harbor on the Egyptian Red Sea coast from where the maritime expeditions to the land of Punt were launched, as well as from Eastern Sudan, a region which may have been part of Punt, are discussed. Finally, the potential of the contribution archaeometry can provide to the study of the Egypt-Punt trade is emphasized and an agenda is suggested. Keywords Punt; Egypt, Eastern Sudan; Ancient trade; Archaeology 87 1. THE BI3W, SOME PRELIMINARY REMARKS The term bi3 in the ancient Egyptian language can be translated as mar- vel and wonder (Erman and Grapow 1971, vol. 1, pp. 439-440). This term does not seem to be related to aesthetic appeal or value, but certainly had a strong religious connotation, as it is often used to qualify prodigious events (Erman and Grapow 1971, vol. 1, pp. 440-442) and tangible signs showing the presence or the legitimating favour of the deity towards the king (see also Gozzoli 2009, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Demonstrative Pronouns and Articles in Egyptian and Coptic
    Demonstrative pronouns and articles in Egyptian and Coptic: emergence and development Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie am Fachbereich Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Maxim Kupreyev Berlin 2020 Erstgutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Jochem Kahl Zweitgutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Tonio Sebastian Richter Tag der Disputation: 18.11.2020 Abstract Abstract This dissertation investigates the demonstratives in Old Egyptian. It proves that the proper description of the Old Kingdom deictic system delivers key insights into the emergence of the new proclitic forms pA, tA, nA, which later grammaticalize to definite articles. In order to define the features of the Old Kingdom demonstratives, I provide an in-depth introduction into the current methods of analysis of deixis and specificity. I further summarize the Egyptological research, dedicated to the demonstratives in Old Egyptian. Although the temporal frames of this study are confined to Old Kingdom, I deal extensively with the category of determination in Middle Egyptian, Demotic and Coptic. I extend the reviews with the commentaries, and introduce the original topics, such as determiner compatibilities and syntactic specificity effects. In preparation for the analysis of demonstratives in the Old Kingdom I provide the diachronic, diaphasic, and diastratic features of the core textual records. The analysis section embraces the typological and diatopic traits of Old Kingdom demonstratives, supplemented by the overview of the grammaticalization patterns of Afro-Asiatic deictic roots. I demonstrate the presence of two competing deictic systems in the Old Kingdom Egypt: one based on the joint attentional focus of the interlocutors, operating with pn as attention shifter and pw as attention tracker; and an alternative one, relying on the distance contrast, utilizing pf for a distal referent and pn for a proximal referent.
    [Show full text]