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Duguma Erasu ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES URBAN - RURAL LINKAGES IN SERU TOWN AND ITS HINTERLANDS: ARSI ZONE, OROMIA REGION BY DUGUMA ERASU JULY, 2011 ADDIS ABABA I URBAN - RURAL LINKAGES IN SERU TOWN AND ITS HINTERLANDS: ARSI ZONE, OROMIA REGION BY DUGUMA ERASU THESIS SUBMITTED TO SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES OF ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF MASTERS OF ART IN GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ADVISOR: PROF. TEGEGNE GEBRE EGZIABHER JULY, 2011 ADDIS ABABA II ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES URBAN - RURAL LINKAGES IN SERU TOWN AND ITS HINTERLANDS: ARSI ZONE, OROMIA REGION BY DUGUMA ERASU Approved By Boards of Examiners ______________________________ _______________ ________________ Chairman Signature Date _____________________________ ________________ ________________ Advisor Signature Date ______________________________ _________________ ________________ Examiner Signature Date III Acknowledgement First of all I would like to thank the Almighty God for giving me the strength and courage to complete this study, be glory to him forever. Next I am very much indebted to express my heartfelt gratitude to my advisor Prof. Tegegne Gebre Egziabher for his valuable guidance, constructive comments, fatherly treatment and important correction from the very beginning to the end. Thirdly, I find it somehow difficult to acknowledge all the persons that have helped me one way or another in the process of conducting the study and preparing the research report. And I would like to express my greatest thankful specially to Dr.Yirgalem Mahiteme, who help me and I like to extend my heartfelt thank to Dr.Yohannes G/Michael, Dr Dessalegn Wana and Dr. Solomon Mulugeta, for their invaluable and sound advice throughout the preparation of this thesis Lastly but not least, I am deeply grateful to my friends: Ato Fikremariam Teshome, Ato Taddele Asefa, and other classmates who help me in provide me different material for the accomplishment of this paper. I TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................................... I Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... II List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ VI List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. VII Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... VIII Acronym ...................................................................................................................................... IX CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the Study .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2. Statement of the problem .................................................................................................. 4 1.3. Objective of the Study ...................................................................................................... 6 1.4. Research Questions ........................................................................................................... 6 1.5. Research Methodologies ................................................................................................... 6 1.5.1. Data Sources ............................................................................................................ 7 1.5.2. Sampling Technique ............................................................................................... 7 1.5.3. Data Collection Instruments .................................................................................... 8 1.5.3.1.Questionnaire ......................................................................................................... 8 1.5.3.2 Observation ............................................................................................................ 8 1.5.3.3. Data Analysis ......................................................................................................... 8 1.6. Significance of the Study .................................................................................................. 9 1.7. Limitation of the Study ..................................................................................................... 9 1.8. Organization of the Paper ................................................................................................. 9 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Definitions of Urban and Rural Areas ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 0 2.2 Perspectives on Urban and Rural Settings and Urban-Rural Linkages ............................ 11 2.3. Theoretical Perspectives of Rural Urban Linkages ......................................................... 13 2.4. Dimensions of Urban - Rural Linkages ........................................................................... 14 II 2.4.1 Physical Linkage ...................................................................................................... 16 2.4.2. Economic Linkage .................................................................................................. 16 2.4.3 Social Linkage ......................................................................................................... 17 2.4.4 Environmental Linkage ............................................................................................ 17 2.4.5.Service Delivery Linkage ........................................................................................ 18 2.5. Migration and urban-rural linkages ................................................................................. 18 2.6. Factors Influencing Urban-Rural Linkages ..................................................................... 20 2.7. Urban- Rural Linkages in Ethiopia ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 1 CHAPTER THREE DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 3.1. Historical Background of the Study Area ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2 3.2. Physical Setting of the Study Area ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3 3.2.1. Location and Area .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3 3.2.2. Population ............................................................................................................... 23 3.2.3. Land use Type in Seru Woreda .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3 3.2.4. Climate ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4 3.3. Economic Activities ......................................................................................................... 24 3.3.1. Agriculture .............................................................................................................. 24 3.3.2. Trade, Industry and Tourism................................................................................... 25 3.4. Infrastructure .................................................................................................................... 25 3.4.1. Physical infrastructure ............................................................................................ 25 3.4.2. Social Infrastructure ................................................................................................ 25 3.4.3. Health ...................................................................................................................... 25 3.4.4. Education ................................................................................................................ 26 3.4.5. Other Infrastructures ............................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1. General Characteristics of hinterland Households ........................................................... 28 4.1.1. Age Structures of Rural Households ....................................................................... 28 4.1.2. Gender Structure of Rural Households ................................................................... 29 III 4.1.3. Occupation Structures of Rural Households ........................................................... 29 4.1.4. Educational level of rural Households .................................................................... 29 4.2. Condition of farming....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 0 4.2.1 land Holding............................................................................................................. 30 4.2.2. Livestock Production .............................................................................................. 30 4.2.3. Crop Production ...................................................................................................... 31 4.3. Characteristics of urban households ................................................................................ 31 4.3.1. Age Structure of Urban households ........................................................................ 31 4.3.2. Gender of Urban households .................................................................................. 32 4.3.3. Education
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