Political Uses of the Body; Philosophy, Aesthetics, Anthropology Orgest Azizi

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Political Uses of the Body; Philosophy, Aesthetics, Anthropology Orgest Azizi Political Uses of the Body; Philosophy, Aesthetics, Anthropology Orgest Azizi To cite this version: Orgest Azizi. Political Uses of the Body; Philosophy, Aesthetics, Anthropology: Proceedings of the Internatioanl Summer Conference, Korça (Albania), august 2014. Orgest AZIZI. Aug 2014, Korça, Albania. ZENIT EDITIONS, 2017, 9789928113740. hal-02105811 HAL Id: hal-02105811 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02105811 Submitted on 21 Apr 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. PËRDORIMET POLITIKE TË TRUPIT: FILOZOFI, ESTETIKË, ANTROPOLOGJI Zenit Editions Bulevard. B. Curri, P. Agimi, Nr.1, Tiranë [email protected] Tel. +355 4 22 71 640 Përdorimet politike të trupit: filozofi, estetikë, antropologji Aktet e universitetit veror ndërkombëtar Korçë 25-30 gusht 2014 Përgatiti për botim Orgest Azizi Me mbështetjen e Ministrisë së Kulturës ISBN 978-9928-113-74-0 © i botimit: Zenit editions, 2017 Projekti grafik:Zenit Art Përmbajtja / Contenu / Contents Hyrje – Orgest Azizi ........................................................................................... 7 Le philosophe renversé – Alain Brossat ................................................................ 13 Fuqi - Puissances - Powers De la foule au corps collectif – Erinç̇ Aslanboğa .................................................. 31 Les puissances politiques du cinéma sont corporelles – Alain Naze ......................... 41 Mind the social gap. Which space for pervert bodies ? – Céline Belledent .............. 55 Performing Bare Feminism: A Taiwanese Contextualization of the Femen’s Body – Elsa Daniels & Julien Quelennec .................................... 67 Drejtime - Conduites - Conducts Adossé au Bunker – Christiane Vollaire .............................................................. 87 « I get on board and validate my ticket »: The machines are speaking to us and speaking in our place… Should we orientate ourselves differently? – Diane Morgan .................................. 97 Aestheticization of Post-1989 Neoliberal Capitalism: From the Forms of Life to the Political Uses of Bodies – Joyce C. H. Liu ............. 110 Gjeste - Gestes - Gestures Que veulent les gestes politiques ? – Philippe Roy ............................................. 137 Franz Kafka: La politique des gestes – Alexandre Costanzo ............................... 148 Orienti dhe trupat në krijimtarinë e Kadaresë – Enis Sulstarova ........................ 160 The Orient and Bodies in the Works of Ismail Kadare – Enis Sulstarova ............. 185 Kufij - Limites - Limits A Death of One’s Own: Sovereignty at its Limit – Pao-Wen Tsao ....................... 215 Sensory Threshold and Embodied Sociality: On the Political Use of the Autistic Body – Yuan Horng Chu ..................................................... 237 hyrje 7 Hyrje Universiteti veror ndërkombëtar me temë Përdorime(t) politike të trupit – Filozofi, estetikë, antropologji (Usage(s) politiques du/des corps – Philosophie, esthétique, anthropologie / Political Uses of the Body/ies – Philosophy, Esthetics, Anthropology) u zhvillua në Korçë në datat 25-30 gusht 2014, mu pranë njërës prej pikave më të « nxehta », në kufirin greko-maqedonas, të asaj që po niste të quhej ndërkohë « rruga e migrantëve » të ardhur nga Lindja e mesme drejt Europës që i refuzonte dhe rinxori kundrejt tyre arsenalin e vjetër kufitar të telave me gjemba. Ai u organizua me nismën e shoqatës filozofike franceze Ici et Ailleurs. Association pour une philosophie nomade (www.ici-et-ailleurs. org/), në bashkëpunim me Universitetin Paris 8 Vincennes Saint-Denis, National Chiao Tung University, Tajvan, Universitetin e Portos, Fakultetin e Shkencave Sociale të Universitetit të Tiranës dhe Institutin e Antropologjisë të Qendrës së Studimeve Albanologjike (QSA) në Tiranë, si dhe me ndihmën e Ministrisë së Kulturës. Aktiviteti i Korçës zinte vend kësisoj në një vazhdë veprimtarish të ngjashme të organizuara prej mëse dhjetë vitesh nga shoqata Ici et Ailleurs, në kuadrin e një rrjeti informal këmbimesh filozofiko-politike, i cili ka si partnerë kyç Universitetin Paris 8 në Francë, atë të Portos në Portugali, dhe atë Chiao Tung në Tajvan : të konsideruara si forma ndërhyrjesh në nyjen e një problematike gjeofilozofike dhe politike, ku zhvendosja e njerëzve dhe punimeve, përtej çdo turizmi akdemik, nuk shkon pa zhvendosjen e koordinatave në të cilat artikulohen zakonisht problemet, rrjeti dhe shoqata në fjalë kanë organizuar takime filozofike rreth konceptitstasis « /luftë civile » në Tajvan (2004), konceptit të « kufijve » në Qipro (2005), « konfliktit 8 përdorimet politike të trupit kulturor » (Le différend culturel, Francë 2007), Biopolitikës dhe subjektivitetit (Tajvan 2009), « popullit dhe populizmave » (Tiranë 2012), duke vijuar, pas Korçës, me një takim rreth temës Kritikë dhe autonomi në Universitetin e Gallatasarajit në Stamboll dhe me universitetin veror të rradhës në Trentels (Francë 2016) me temë E pavetëdijshmja koloniale (L’inconscient colonial), ndërsa po përgatitet një i ri në 2018 në Turqi, rreth temës Oriente/orientime : gjeofilozofi. * * * Argumenti shkencor i universitetit të Korçës, ku cekeshin disa nga pritshmëritë kryesore të aktivitetit dhe pistat që, për ne, aktualiteti na dukej se i bënte akute për mendimin që refuzon të rrijë i mbyllur në erudicion apo akademi, argument i cili u përdor po ashtu si prezantim për thirrjen publike të kontributeve, ishte si më poshtë : « Problematika qëndrore e këtij universiteti veror është trupi si objekt politik. Përmes analizës së dispozitivave politikë të instrumentalizimit të trupave, ai synon ta vërë theksin te forca e tyre e qëndresës dhe format e ndryshme të përdorimit të tyre kundër-politik. Projekti pra, është më së shumti i përqendruar në anën aktive sesa atë reaktive, në horizontin projektiv më shumë se atë përshkrues, dhe kjo zhvendosje projektive do të duhej të ishte boshti kryesor rreth të cilit do të organizohen kontributet e pjesëmarrësve. Pyetja spinoziste mbi « kapacitetet e trupit » do të shpjerë kështu drejt një rinovimi të problematikave etike. « Shqyrtimi i këtyre çështjeve nuk do të bëhet në kornizën e një horizonti të ngushtë kulturor, por do të jetë radikalisht shumëkultural, i hapur ndaj konceptesh të diferencuara të trupit dhe teknikave rreth tij, ndaj qasjesh të shumëllojshme, në pajtim me larminë e theksuar të prejardhjeve dhe mjediseve kulturore, politike e konceptuale të pjesëmarrësve. Përmasa krahasimtare do të jetë pra themelore në këto punime. « Çështja e mprehtë e politikave migratore do të jetë një objekt i përbashkët reflektimi, sikundër dhe proceset diskriminuese që ato bartin me vete : një vend të veçantë duhet të zënë implikimet bashkëkohore të shenjimit të trupave, para së gjithash ato biometrike, në përmasat e tyre sa juridike dhe ndëshkimore. Shkëmbimet e informacionit dhe të dhënave biometrike mes kompanive private dhe qeverive, apo ideja e një karte biometrike individuale hyrje 9 për përfitimin e shërbimeve shoqërore do të jenë objekt i analizës, qoftë si teknika pushteti, qoftë si terren për ndërhyrje dhe mendim kritik. Trupi është jo vetëm objekt i abuzimeve politike masive, siç është universaliteti i torturës, por edhe shënjestër e të ashtuquajturit « menaxhim i burimeve njerëzore », që ndërhyn deri në shtresat më të fshehta : që nga projektet e « evaluimit » dhe « ndjekjes » së fëmijëve në moshë të ulët, ato të detektimit të riskut dhe delinkuencës së hershme, deri te dykuptimësia e « vetvrasjes në vendin e punës » si përdorim politik i shkallës së fundit. Edhe pse Michel Foucault mbetet një nga frymëzimet kryesore të këtyre analizave, ato do të jenë të hapura ndaj qasjesh mjekësore, politike, filozofike e kontinentale heterogjene, deri dhe të kundërta. « Më në përgjithësi, universiteti do synojë të përshkojë mësymjen e madhe tekno-politike të trupave (nga dietetika dhe mjekësia « përmirësuese » deri te miksazhet mes elektronikës dhe neuronikës), që vë në pikëpyetje tërë konceptimet tradicionale të « trupit » (si trup i gjallë, njerëzor, etj.), si dhe format e reja të normativitetit që imponohen aty. Në këtë konfigurim hyn trajtimi i çështjes gjinore, bashkë me proceset e diferencimit dhe dominimit dhe biologjizimit që veprojnë në të. Por po ashtu raportet subjektivuese me normat dhe regjimet e ndryshme pushtetore që përcjellin ato : si në rastet e racializimit të trupave, për shembull, nga njëra anë, dhe modaliteteve politike të refuzimit të tij (si lëvizja Black Lives Matter), nga ana tjetër. Në këtë perspektivë, përdorimet estetike të trupit do të mund të lidhen me përdorimet politike të artit, ku do të shyrtohen fuqitë e trupave si forca qëndrese dhe pushteti mbi trupin si instrument manipulimi. Në këtë pikë ku statusi biologjik lidhet me procese gjuhësore subjektivimi dhe akulturimi, ka vend si për legjitimimin e formave të ndryshme të pushtetit, ashtu dhe për denoncimin e abuzimeve të tyre. « Disa nga këto forma janë rivendikimet lidhur me kënaqësitë dhe përdorimin e tyre, siç emblematizohen në veçanti nga politikat homoseksuale, apo, në të kundërt,
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