DOCSLIB.ORG

Earthquake Parameters for Planning and Design and Selected Strong Motion Records

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Earthquake Parameters for Planning and Design and Selected Strong Motion Records Guidelines for Earthquake Disaster Management, Volume I, Part 3 Part 3 Earthquake parameters for planning and design and selected strong motion records Jakim T. Petrovski, ChiefT echnical Advisor Professor, Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia Zoran V. Milutinovic, International Consultant Professor, Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia S. Mohsen Haeri, National Consultant Ass. Professor, Sharif University of Technology Civil Engineering Department, Tehran Tehran - Skopje, September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
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Zoning the Villages of Central District of Dena County in Terms of Sustainability of Livelihood Capitals
    J. Agr. Sci. Tech. (2019) Vol. 21(5): 1091-1106 Zoning the Villages of Central District of Dena County in Terms of Sustainability of Livelihood Capitals Z. Sharifi1, M. Nooripoor1*, and H. Azadi2 ABSTRACT The sustainable livelihood approach was introduced as a sustainable rural development approach in the late 1980s with the aim of poverty alleviation in the rural communities. This approach has offered a broad framework for assessing the various dimensions of sustainability. An important component of this framework is livelihood capitals in a way that it is not possible to achieve sustainable rural livelihood with no regard to the livelihood capitals and assets in rural areas. Thus, the purpose of this descriptive-analytic survey research was zoning the villages of the Central District of Dena County in terms of the sustainability of livelihood capitals. The statistical population of this study was 2500 rural households in the Central District of Dena County, of which 300 households were selected using cluster random sampling method with appropriate allocation based on Krejcie and Morgan’s table. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed by a panel of experts, and its reliability was confirmed in a pre-test and calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Findings of the research showed that, in most studied villages, 3 capitals (social, physical, and human) were above the average and 2 capitals (financial and natural) as well as the total capital was less than average. Additionally, there was a gap and heterogeneity between the villages in terms of social, human, natural capital as well as financial capital, whereas there was a homogeneity in terms of physical and total capital as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Mayors for Peace Member Cities 2021/10/01 平和首長会議 加盟都市リスト
    Mayors for Peace Member Cities 2021/10/01 平和首長会議 加盟都市リスト ● Asia 4 Bangladesh 7 China アジア バングラデシュ 中国 1 Afghanistan 9 Khulna 6 Hangzhou アフガニスタン クルナ 杭州（ハンチォウ） 1 Herat 10 Kotwalipara 7 Wuhan ヘラート コタリパラ 武漢（ウハン） 2 Kabul 11 Meherpur 8 Cyprus カブール メヘルプール キプロス 3 Nili 12 Moulvibazar 1 Aglantzia ニリ モウロビバザール アグランツィア 2 Armenia 13 Narayanganj 2 Ammochostos (Famagusta) アルメニア ナラヤンガンジ アモコストス（ファマグスタ） 1 Yerevan 14 Narsingdi 3 Kyrenia エレバン ナールシンジ キレニア 3 Azerbaijan 15 Noapara 4 Kythrea アゼルバイジャン ノアパラ キシレア 1 Agdam 16 Patuakhali 5 Morphou アグダム（県） パトゥアカリ モルフー 2 Fuzuli 17 Rajshahi 9 Georgia フュズリ（県） ラージシャヒ ジョージア 3 Gubadli 18 Rangpur 1 Kutaisi クバドリ（県） ラングプール クタイシ 4 Jabrail Region 19 Swarupkati 2 Tbilisi ジャブライル（県） サルプカティ トビリシ 5 Kalbajar 20 Sylhet 10 India カルバジャル（県） シルヘット インド 6 Khocali 21 Tangail 1 Ahmedabad ホジャリ（県） タンガイル アーメダバード 7 Khojavend 22 Tongi 2 Bhopal ホジャヴェンド（県） トンギ ボパール 8 Lachin 5 Bhutan 3 Chandernagore ラチン（県） ブータン チャンダルナゴール 9 Shusha Region 1 Thimphu 4 Chandigarh シュシャ（県） ティンプー チャンディーガル 10 Zangilan Region 6 Cambodia 5 Chennai ザンギラン（県） カンボジア チェンナイ 4 Bangladesh 1 Ba Phnom 6 Cochin バングラデシュ バプノム コーチ（コーチン） 1 Bera 2 Phnom Penh 7 Delhi ベラ プノンペン デリー 2 Chapai Nawabganj 3 Siem Reap Province 8 Imphal チャパイ・ナワブガンジ シェムリアップ州 インパール 3 Chittagong 7 China 9 Kolkata チッタゴン 中国 コルカタ 4 Comilla 1 Beijing 10 Lucknow コミラ 北京（ペイチン） ラクノウ 5 Cox's Bazar 2 Chengdu 11 Mallappuzhassery コックスバザール 成都（チォントゥ） マラパザーサリー 6 Dhaka 3 Chongqing 12 Meerut ダッカ 重慶（チョンチン） メーラト 7 Gazipur 4 Dalian 13 Mumbai (Bombay) ガジプール 大連（タァリィェン） ムンバイ（旧ボンベイ） 8 Gopalpur 5 Fuzhou 14 Nagpur ゴパルプール 福州（フゥチォウ） ナーグプル 1/108 Pages
    [Show full text]
  • 水収支シミュレーション(Mike She を用いる)の構築と、その計算結果である表 流水および地下水に関する時系列データを入力して構築した利水計算モデル(Mike Basin を用 いる)に関して説明する。
    セフィードルード川流域総合水資源管理調査 ファイナルレポート 第７章 水収支解析・利水計算モデルの構築 第７章 水収支解析・利水計算モデルの構築 本章においては、水収支シミュレーション(MIKE SHE を用いる)の構築と、その計算結果である表 流水および地下水に関する時系列データを入力して構築した利水計算モデル(MIKE BASIN を用 いる)に関して説明する。 ７.１ モデルの概要及び構築条件・手順 本検討で使用される水収支モデル(MIKE SHE)は、決定論的(次のステップが必ず一つに選択され る)アルゴリズムのプログラムで構築された物理学ベースの分布型モデルであり、蒸発散、表面流 出、中間流出、地下流出、河川流出及び、それらの相互作用を含む水循環の主要な現象を表現す る機能を有している。また、水の適正配分を検討するために、MIKE BASIN を使用して、水収支 モデルのデータ、河川構造物、水需要データなどを入力して利水計算モデルを構築した。7.1.1 節 にセフィードルードモデル（水収支解析モデルと利水計算モデル）の役割と両モデルの関係を説 明する。 ７.１.１ セフィードルードモデルの機構 セフィードルード川流域の水収支モデル(MIKE SHE)によって、自然状態の表流水量(Runoff)、地 下涵養水量(Recharge)を算出し、利水計算モデル(MIKE BASIN)はその値を境界条件として使用す る。地下涵養水は表層を通過し地下に浸透する水のことであり、そのため表層についての詳細な 情報が必要になる。 セフィードルードの水収支モデルにおいては、一辺 2040m のメッシュで東西に 165 および南北に 210 個に区切り、これら個々のメッシュに物理的データを入力している。入力データは、様々な フォーマットで属性付けられており、それらデータの空間的配置の変更が容易になるように、シ ミュレーション実施時に、初めてデータが各数値メッシュに自動的に入力される仕様となってい る。 河川網については、地形図および調査団が購入した ASTER のデジタルエレベーションマップを使 用して作成した。水収支および利水計算モデルの流域間の流水の移動は、主にこの河川網を通じ て行われる。水収支モデルでは、河道の流れについては、MIKE11 の機能を使用しており、任意 の地点において各メッシュから流入してきた流水の量が算出できるため、流量観測地点における 観測値と計算値を比較することでキャリブレーションが実施される。双モデル共に地下水の流域 間のやりとりは行われない。 以上の現象の表現については、調査の目的や、データの有効性、モデル構築にかける時間等に応 じて、現象毎に異なったレベルの空間分布や詳細さを設定することが重要である。つまり、物理 モデルの適用においては複雑性と計算時間のバランスを考慮する必要があり、時には簡易的な数 値処理手法を選択することが実用的なモデルの構築につながる。セフィードルードモデルの場合 は、計算の集計結果が小流域 R 毎に保存されるが、65 個の小流域 R に関する 30 年間の計算時間 は合計約 6 時間程度になる。 また、水収支モデルで算出した表流水・地下涵養水に関する時系列データは、利水計算モデルで ある MIKE BASIN の入力データとなる。利水計算においても水収支モデルと同様に 65 個のダム 建設・計画地点上流域である小流域 R 毎に結果が算出され、各小流域 R の水の移動は河道を通じ て行われる。なお、利水計算モデルは GIS ソフトの ARCMAP の画面上にスキーマティックに構 築できる。具体的には、流域、河道、ダムおよび水利用者等のモジュールを画面に貼り付け、そ
    [Show full text]
  • Integration of Genetic Algorithm and Multiple Kernel Support Vector Regression for Modeling Urban Growth
    Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 65 (2017) 28–40 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Computers, Environment and Urban Systems journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ceus Integration of genetic algorithm and multiple kernel support vector regression for modeling urban growth Hossein Shafizadeh-Moghadam a,⁎, Amin Tayyebi b, Mohammad Ahmadlou c, Mahmoud Reza Delavar c,d, Mahdi Hasanlou c a Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran b Geospatial Big Data Engineer, Monsanto, MO, United States c School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran d Center of Excellence in Geomatic Engineering in Disaster Management, School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran article info abstract Article history: There are two main issues of concern for land change scientists to consider. First, selecting appropriate and inde- Received 30 November 2016 pendent land cover change (LCC) drivers is a substantial challenge because these drivers usually correlate with Received in revised form 10 April 2017 each other. For this reason, we used a well-known machine learning tool called genetic algorithm (GA) to select Accepted 10 April 2017 the optimum LCC drivers. In addition, using the best or most appropriate LCC model is critical since some of them Available online xxxx are limited to a specific function, to discover non-linear patterns within land use data. In this study, a support vec- tor regression (SVR) was implemented to model LCC as SVRs use various linear and non-linear kernels to better Keywords: Land cover change identify non-linear patterns within land use data.
    [Show full text]
  • The Study on Integrated Water Resources Management for Sefidrud River Basin in the Islamic Republic of Iran
    WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT COMPANY THE MINISTRY OF ENERGY THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN THE STUDY ON INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FOR SEFIDRUD RIVER BASIN IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN Final Report Volume I Main Report November 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY GED JR 10-121 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT COMPANY THE MINISTRY OF ENERGY THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN THE STUDY ON INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FOR SEFIDRUD RIVER BASIN IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN Final Report Volume I Main Report November 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY THE STUDY ON INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FOR SEFIDRUD RIVER BASIN IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN COMPOSITION OF FINAL REPORT Volume I : Main Report Volume II : Summary Volume III : Supporting Report Currency Exchange Rates used in this Report: USD 1.00 = RIAL 9,553.59 = JPY 105.10 JPY 1.00 = RIAL 90.91 EURO 1.00 = RIAL 14,890.33 (As of 31 May 2008) The Study on Integrated Water Resources Management Executive Summary for Sefidrud River Basin in the Islamic Republic of Iran WATER RESOURCES POTENTIAL AND ITS DEVELOPMENT PLAN IN THE SEFIDRUD RIVER BASIN 1 ISSUES OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE BASIN The Islamic Republic of Iran (hereinafter "Iran") is characterized by its extremely unequally distributed water resources: Annual mean precipitation is 250 mm while available per capita water resources is 1,900 m3/year, which is about a quarter of the world mean value. On the other hand, the water demands have been increasing due to a rapid growth of industries, agriculture and the population. About 55 % of water supply depends on the groundwater located deeper than 100 meters in some cases.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Development
    Social Development NG-Journal of Social Development, VOL. 5, No. 5, October 2016 Journal homepage: www.arabianjbmr.com/NGJSD_index.php MEASURING AND PREDICTING THE PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURE BANK USING DEA TECHNIQUE IN GUILAN-IRAN Mohammad Rasool Sayadi M.A. Student of Industrial Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Bandar e Anzali International Branch, Bandar e Anzali, Iran Shahram Gilaninia Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran (Corresponding Author) Abstract The purpose of this study is to measure and predict the performance of Agriculture Bank using DEA techniques. Research method in term of purpose is applied and in term of implementation is mathematical analytical method. Data Collection is done using documents in the database of bank. In this study, DEA model is used to evaluate the performance of banks. In this study, decision units evaluated is included 15 main branch of Agriculture Bank in Guilan province. According to the results and comparisons of different branches using model of CCR-I , branches of Rasht, Fuman, Langrud, Anzali, Astara, Talesh, Rezvanshahr, Siahkal, Masal were efficient but Kuchesfahan, Rudsar, Sowme'eh Sara, Rudbar, Astaneh, Lahijan were inefficient. According to an analysis conducted by the DEA, ranking of branches is obtained as follows: Rasht, Fuman, Langrud, Anzali, Astara, Talesh, Rezvanshahr, Siahkal, Rudsar, Rudbar, Kuchesfahan, Sowme'eh Sara, Astara and Lahijan. Keywords: Performance Measurement, DEA, Agriculture Bank 1. Introduction In the current competitive conditions and alarmed, businesses have greater tendency to act wisely and reinforce flexibility and agility in order to enhance productivity and competitiveness. Trying to performance-wise requires a coherent system to assess organizational performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Report Paper 2 Irrigation and Water Resources Development
    SUPPORTING REPORT PAPER 2 IRRIGATION AND WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT The Study on Integrated Water Resources Management Supporting Report Paper 2 for Sefidrud River Basin in the Islamic Republic of Iran Table of Contents THE STUDY ON INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FOR SEFIDRUD RIVER BASIN IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN SUPPORTING REPORT PAPER 2 IRRIGATION AND WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Chapter 1. IRRIGATION ..................................................................................................................1 1.1 Main Crop Yields under Irrigation and Rainfed........................................................................1 1.2 Comparison of Rice Yield between Gilan and Mazandaran .....................................................1 Chapter 2. WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT...................................................................2 2.1 Prediction of Domestic Water Demand.....................................................................................2 2.1.1 Irrigation Requirement in Gilan Province .........................................................................2 2.1.2 Prediction of Provincial Domestic Water Demand in the Study Area...............................2 2.1.3 Prediction of Urban Population in 2031............................................................................3 2.2 Development With Dam............................................................................................................3 2.2.1 Discharge for Hydroelectric Generation in Ostor
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of Public Libraries Status in the Counties of Guilan Province Compared to the Standard Per Capita
    Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Science Fen Bilimleri Dergisi (CFD), Cilt:36, No: 3 Ozel Sayı (2015) Science Journal (CSJ), Vol. 36, No: 3 Special Issue (2015) ISSN: 1300-1949 ISSN: 1300-1949 A comparative study of public libraries status in the counties of Guilan province compared to the standard per capita Masoumeh SABOURI1, Rosa FATEHI1, Amir Reza KARIMI AZERI2,* 1Graduate Student, University of Guilan, University campus 2, Iran 2Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture and art, University of Guilan, Iran Received: 01.02.2015; Accepted: 06.06.2015 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract. The state of public libraries is of the most important indicators of a country. The present research has been conducted with the aim of a comparative study of public libraries status in the counties of Guilan province compared to the standard per capita. The research method is descriptive and the information has been collected through offices inquiry, observation and interviews with the relevant officials, the results of data analysis compared to the standard per capita indicate lower levels of public libraries standards in the counties of Guilan province than the country's standards and require serious consideration and review. In this regard, some recommendations were provides to improve the libraries status. As a result, the construction and building of public libraries in the province has been estimated in the next 25 years to be able bringing it to the standard level with the establishment public libraries. Keywords: Public libraries, Guilan, standard per capita _____________________________________________________________________________ 1. INTODUCTION Library as one of the basic pillars of a knowledge-based society in the formulation of its policy is fully aware of the needs of society and tries to gather resources and provide services in accordance with it.
    [Show full text]
  • Integration of Genetic Algorithm and Multiple Kernel Support Vector Regression for Modeling Urban Growth
    Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 65 (2017) 28–40 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Computers, Environment and Urban Systems journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ceus Integration of genetic algorithm and multiple kernel support vector regression for modeling urban growth Hossein Shafizadeh-Moghadam a,⁎, Amin Tayyebi b, Mohammad Ahmadlou c, Mahmoud Reza Delavar c,d, Mahdi Hasanlou c a Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran b Geospatial Big Data Engineer, Monsanto, MO, United States c School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran d Center of Excellence in Geomatic Engineering in Disaster Management, School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran article info abstract Article history: There are two main issues of concern for land change scientists to consider. First, selecting appropriate and inde- Received 30 November 2016 pendent land cover change (LCC) drivers is a substantial challenge because these drivers usually correlate with Received in revised form 10 April 2017 each other. For this reason, we used a well-known machine learning tool called genetic algorithm (GA) to select Accepted 10 April 2017 the optimum LCC drivers. In addition, using the best or most appropriate LCC model is critical since some of them Available online xxxx are limited to a specific function, to discover non-linear patterns within land use data. In this study, a support vec- tor regression (SVR) was implemented to model LCC as SVRs use various linear and non-linear kernels to better Keywords: Land cover change identify non-linear patterns within land use data.
    [Show full text]
  • ID 485 Developing a Risk Covering Based Model for Locating Rescue
    Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Pilsen, Czech Republic, July 23-26, 2019 Developing a risk covering based model for locating rescue and relief centers in hazardous materials transportation (An empirical study: Guilan province of Iran) Hamideh Baghaei Daemi M.Sc. in Industrial Engineering, MehrAstan University, Guilan, Iran [email protected] Abbas Mahmoudabadi Director, Master Program in Industrial Engineering, MehrAstan University, Guilan, Iran [email protected] Sedigheh Rezvani Chomachar M.Sc. in Industrial Engineering, MehrAstan University, Guilan, Iran [email protected] Abstract Although hazardous materials (Hazmat) transportation plays an important role in the economy, it has always raised authorities’ concerns on the potential risks to humans and the environment. A Hazmat accident may impact serious damage to the people within the scope of the incident so in the areas where special relief centers do not exist, Hazmat accidents may be more severe. In the present research work, a mathematical model for locating the relief and rescue centers has been developed in which the network risk coverage is maximized. A procedure has been developed to determine the optimum sites for constructing special relief and rescue centers based on Hazmat transport risk. In order to validate the proposed model, an experimental intercity road network including 46 nodes and 126 two-way edges (252 edges) in the Iranian northern province of Guilan has been selected as the case study. The results revealed that solving locating problems in terms of risk coverage and distance coverage have different results on location, so local or national authorities who are dealing with Hazmat transport planning should be aware on attributes considered for locating rescue and relief centers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Study on Integrated Water Resources Management for Sefidrud River Basin in the Islamic Republic of Iran
    WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT COMPANY THE MINISTRY OF ENERGY THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN THE STUDY ON INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FOR SEFIDRUD RIVER BASIN IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN Final Report Volume II Summary November 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY GED JR 10-124 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT COMPANY THE MINISTRY OF ENERGY THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN THE STUDY ON INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FOR SEFIDRUD RIVER BASIN IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN Final Report Volume II Summary November 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY THE STUDY ON INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FOR SEFIDRUD RIVER BASIN IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN COMPOSITION OF FINAL REPORT Volume I : Main Report Volume II : Summary Volume III : Supporting Report Currency Exchange Rates used in this Report: USD 1.00 = RIAL 9,553.59 = JPY 105.10 JPY 1.00 = RIAL 90.91 EURO 1.00 = RIAL 14,890.33 (As of 31 May 2008) The Study on Integrated Water Resources Management Executive Summary for Sefidrud River Basin in the Islamic Republic of Iran WATER RESOURCES POTENTIAL AND ITS DEVELOPMENT PLAN IN THE SEFIDRUD RIVER BASIN 1 ISSUES OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE BASIN The Islamic Republic of Iran (hereinafter "Iran") is characterized by its extremely unequally distributed water resources: Annual mean precipitation is 250 mm while available per capita water resources is 1,900 m3/year, which is about a quarter of the world mean value. On the other hand, the water demands have been increasing due to a rapid growth of industries, agriculture and the population. About 55 % of water supply depends on the groundwater located deeper than 100 meters in some cases.
    [Show full text]
  • Seismic Hazard Analysis and Seismic Zoning of the Provinces of Gilan and Zanjan
    Guidelines for Earthquake Disaster Management, Volume I, Part 2 Part 2 Seismic hazard analysis and seismic zoning of the provinces of Gilan and Zanjan LjupcoR. Jordanovski, International Consultant Professor, Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia Hamid R. Ramazi, National Consultant Geological Survey, Tehran Zoran V. Milutinovic, International Consultant Professor, Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia Jakim T. Petrovski, Chief Technical Advisor Professor, Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia Tehran - Skopje, September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
    [Show full text]