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APPENDIX 1 REPORT ON ISDB-T TRIAL Asia Television Limited (ATV) Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) Office of the Telecommunications Authority (OFTA) HONG KONG July 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ……….…………………………………………... 1 2. Objective and Scope of the Trial……………………………… 2 3. Field Test ………………………………………………………. 3 3.1 Field Test System …………………………………………………………….. 3 3.2 Field Test Parameters ………………………………………………………… 6 3.3 Equipment Setups and Measurement Procedures for Field Test ……………... 7 3.3.1 Propagation Behaviour and Coverage Test …………………………………... 7 3.3.1.1 Fixed Reception Test …………………………………………………………. 7 3.3.1.2 Indoor Reception Test ………………………………………………………... 14 3.3.1.3 Mobile Reception Test ……………………………………………………….. 15 3.3.1.4 Tidal Fading Test ……………………………………………………………... 16 3.3.2 In-Building Coaxial Cable Distribution System (IBCCDS) Test ……………. 16 3.3.3 Single Frequency Network (SFN) Test ………………………………………. 17 3.4 Field Test Results …………………………………………………………….. 18 3.4.1 Propagation Behaviour and Coverage Test Result …………………………… 18 3.4.1.1 Fixed Reception Test Result …………………………………………………. 18 3.4.1.2 Indoor Reception Test Result ………………………………………………… 23 3.4.1.3 Mobile Reception Test Result ………………………………………………... 24 3.4.1.4 Tidal Fading Test Result ……………………………………………………... 31 3.4.2 In-Building Coaxial Cable Distribution System (IBCCDS) Test Result …….. 35 3.4.3 Single Frequency Network (SFN) Test Result …………………….…………. 37 4. Laboratory Test ……………………………………………….. 38 4.1 Objectives of Laboratory Test ………………………………………………... 38 4.2 Equipment Setup for Laboratory Test ………………………………………... 39 4.3 Technical Characteristics of Test Signals …………………………………….. 40 4.4 Measurement Procedures for Laboratory Test ……………………………….. 43 4.4.1 PAL into ISDB-T Interference ……………………………………………….. 43 4.4.2 ISDB-T into PAL Interference ……………………………………………….. 44 4.4.3 ISDB-T into ISDB-T Interference …………………………………………… 46 4.4.4 Encoding/Decoding Delay …………………………………………………… 47 4.5 Results Summary of Laboratory Test ………………………………………… 48 5. Summary of Results …………………………………………... 50 1. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this trial was to assess the performance of the Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial (ISDB-T) standard in Hong Kong environment. The trial consisted of two parts: the field test and the laboratory test. The aim of the field test was to find out the performance of the ISDB-T system under different reception conditions with reference to the PAL-I system and the aim of the laboratory test was to find out the practical protection ratios required for future planning. The ISDB-T trial was successfully conducted from May to June 1999. The aim of this report is to present the test results of the ISDB-T trial. Firstly, the objective and scope of the trial are set out in Section 2. Secondly, the configuration of the field test system as well as the equipment setups and measurement procedures for the field test are described in Section 3. The field test results are presented in Section 3 as well. Section 4 describes the equipment setups and measurement procedures for the laboratory test and presents the test results. Finally, the results of the field test and laboratory test are summarized in Section 5. 1 2. OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE TRIAL The objective of the trial was to find out the performance of the ISDB-T system in the real environment of Hong Kong. The following aspects were assessed during the field test and laboratory test: (i) the propagation behaviour and coverage of the ISDB-T transmission; (ii) the ability of the ISDB-T signal to be conveyed by in-building coaxial cable distribution systems and the compatibility with the existing analogue television equipment and NICAM service; (iii) the support for single frequency network operation; (iv) compatibility with the existing analogue television transmission, co-channel, adjacent channel and image channel performance; (v) picture and sound quality; and (vi) the effect of overall encoding/decoding delay. 2 3. FIELD TEST 3.1 Field Test System The field test system mainly consisted of three parts: the Master Station, the Slave Station and the Survey Vehicle (Figure 1). Master Station : Temple Hill Antenna Height : 496 m Test Channel : 32 (558 - 566 MHz) ERP : 100 watts Survey Vehicle About 9 km Kowloon Victoria Harbour Slave Station : Sai Wan Shan Antenna Height : 199 m Hong Kong Test Channel : 32 (558 - 566 MHz) Island ERP : 10 watts Figure 1 - Field Test System The Master Station was located at Temple Hill (about 496 m above sea level) and its effective radiated power (ERP) was 100 W. The Slave Station was located at Sai Wan Shan, Chai Wan (about 199 m above sea level) and its ERP was 10 W. The distance between the Master Station and the Slave Station was about 9 km. The antennas of the Master Station and the Slave Station were pointing to southeast and east respectively. Their radiation patterns are shown in Figures 2 and 3. Horizontal polarization was used in the field test and the test signals were transmitted on Channel 32 (558 - 566 MHz). 3 Figure 2 - Radiation Pattern of the Master Station (Temple Hill) Figure 3 - Radiation Pattern of the Slave Station (Sai Wan Shan, Chai Wan) The Slave Station was set up for the purpose of testing the single frequency network (SFN) operation. The schematic diagram of the ISDB-T SFN is shown in Figure 4. A PAL-I transmitter of ERP 100 W operating on the test channel (Channel 32) was also set up at Temple Hill. The picture and sound quality and the field strength of the PAL-I signal at the test sites was used as reference. 4 Note 1: PAL-I Channel 32 of 100 watts ERP was used as reference. Note 2: The gain of the ISDB-T transmitting antenna system was about 10 dB measured from point (A). Figure 4 - Schematic Diagram of ISDB-T Single Frequency Network 5 3.2 Field Test Parameters Table 1 shows the field test parameters used for the ISDB-T trial. ISDB-T (6 MHz) SDTV HDTV Mobile Mobile Number of carriers 2k 2k 2k 2k Modulation 64QAM 64QAM 16QAM DQPSK Guard interval 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 Code rate 2/3 7/8 1/2 1/2 Information rate ( Mbit/s ) 16.227 21.298 8.114 4.057 ERP of Master Station ( dBW ) 20 20 20 20 ERP of Slave Station ( dBW ) 10 10 10 10 Number of TV programmes 1-3111 Table 1 - Field Test Parameters 6 3.3 Equipment Setups and Measurement Procedures for Field Test 3.3.1 Propagation Behaviour and Coverage Test Test was carried out to evaluate the performance of the ISDB-T system under different reception conditions including fixed reception, indoor reception, mobile reception and tidal fading. 3.3.1.1 Fixed Reception Test Fixed reception test was carried out on both street level and rooftop level. During the test, field strength, bit error rate (BER), carrier-to-noise (C/N) ratio, margin of threshold were measured and picture and sound quality was assessed. Measurements Taken on Street Level The equipment setups for measurements taken on street level are shown in Figures 5 - 7. Log-periodic antenna 10 m RG-214U cable Field strength meter PC Figure 5 - Field Strength Measurement (Street Level) 7 Log-periodic antenna Spectrum analyzer 10 m RG-214U cable Variable Bandpass attenuator filter Amplifier 4-way splitter OFDM Down converter demodulator FEC decoder SDTV monitor BER analyzer Audio monitor SDTV decoder QUAD picture VHS VTR displayer DEMUX HDTV HDTV HDTV monitor interface decoder Audio monitor Figure 6 - BER, C/N Ratio, Margin of Threshold Measurements and ISDB-T Picture and Sound Quality Assessment (Street Level) 8 Log-periodic antenna 10 m RG-214U cable Variable Analogue QUAD picture TV monitor VHS VTR attenuator receiver displayer Figure 7 - PAL-I Picture and Sound Quality Assessment and Margin of Threshold Measurement (Street Level) The measurement procedures were as follows: (1) The equipment was connected as shown in Figure 5. (2) The antenna was raised to 10 m above ground level. (3) The antenna was oriented for maximum signal level if there was a clear line-of-sight path to the transmitter. If the test site was obstructed by buildings, the antenna was oriented for best PAL-I picture. (4) The field strength of the ISDB-T signal was measured. If the test signal was transmitted from Temple Hill, the field strength of the PAL-I signal was measured as well. (5) The equipment was reconnected as shown in Figure 6 without altering the height and orientation of the antenna. (6) The variable attenuator reading was set to zero. (7) ISDB-T test signal for BER measurement was transmitted from Temple Hill/Sai Wan Shan. (8) The RS switch of the FEC decoder was set to On and the BER was measured. (Note: The BER was measured after the RS decoder) (9) The RS switch of the FEC decoder was set to Off and the BER was measured. (Note: The BER was measured before the RS decoder) (10) The centre frequency and the measurement bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer were set to 562 MHz and 5.6 MHz respectively. (11) The power levels of the ISDB-T signal and the noise were measured and the C/N ratio was calculated. (12) The variable attenuator was adjusted until the BER was just 2E-4. (13) The variable attenuator reading was recorded and was taken as the margin of threshold. 9 (14) HDTV programme was transmitted from Temple Hill/Sai Wan Shan and the HDTV picture and sound quality was assessed based on ITU five-grade scale. (15) SDTV programme was transmitted from Temple Hill/Sai Wan Shan and the SDTV picture and sound quality was assessed based on ITU five-grade scale. (16) If the test signal was transmitted from Temple Hill, steps (17) - (22) were performed to assess the picture and sound quality of the PAL-I signal and to measure the margin of threshold.
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