Cocoa Barometer 2020
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Using Macaulay2 Effectively in Practice
Using Macaulay2 effectively in practice Mike Stillman ([email protected]) Department of Mathematics Cornell 22 July 2019 / IMA Sage/M2 Macaulay2: at a glance Project started in 1993, Dan Grayson and Mike Stillman. Open source. Key computations: Gr¨obnerbases, free resolutions, Hilbert functions and applications of these. Rings, Modules and Chain Complexes are first class objects. Language which is comfortable for mathematicians, yet powerful, expressive, and fun to program in. Now a community project Journal of Software for Algebra and Geometry (started in 2009. Now we handle: Macaulay2, Singular, Gap, Cocoa) (original editors: Greg Smith, Amelia Taylor). Strong community: including about 2 workshops per year. User contributed packages (about 200 so far). Each has doc and tests, is tested every night, and is distributed with M2. Lots of activity Over 2000 math papers refer to Macaulay2. History: 1976-1978 (My undergrad years at Urbana) E. Graham Evans: asked me to write a program to compute syzygies, from Hilbert's algorithm from 1890. Really didn't work on computers of the day (probably might still be an issue!). Instead: Did computation degree by degree, no finishing condition. Used Buchsbaum-Eisenbud \What makes a complex exact" (by hand!) to see if the resulting complex was exact. Winfried Bruns was there too. Very exciting time. History: 1978-1983 (My grad years, with Dave Bayer, at Harvard) History: 1978-1983 (My grad years, with Dave Bayer, at Harvard) I tried to do \real mathematics" but Dave Bayer (basically) rediscovered Groebner bases, and saw that they gave an algorithm for computing all syzygies. I got excited, dropped what I was doing, and we programmed (in Pascal), in less than one week, the first version of what would be Macaulay. -
Emerging Markets Equity Fund Q3 Portfolio Holdings
Putnam Emerging Markets Equity Fund The fund's portfolio 5/31/21 (Unaudited) COMMON STOCKS (98.8%)(a) Shares Value Airlines (0.9%) Copa Holdings SA Class A (Panama)(NON) 70,700 $5,815,782 5,815,782 Banks (5.7%) HDFC Bank, Ltd. (India)(NON) 889,339 18,568,792 Sberbank of Russia PJSC ADR (Russia) 548,845 9,261,759 TCS Group Holding PLC GDR 144A (Cyprus) 107,200 8,040,000 35,870,551 Capital markets (2.4%) B3 SA - Brasil Bolsa Balcao (Brazil) 3,151,700 10,607,061 Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing, Ltd. (Hong Kong) 73,200 4,582,015 15,189,076 Chemicals (2.5%) Asian Paints, Ltd. (India) 184,575 7,592,754 LG Chem, Ltd. (South Korea) 11,537 8,471,983 16,064,737 Entertainment (1.7%) Sea, Ltd. ADR (Thailand)(NON) 42,300 10,712,052 10,712,052 Food and staples retail (3.0%) Dino Polska SA (Poland)(NON) 84,264 6,522,925 Wal-Mart de Mexico SAB de CV (Mexico) 3,834,400 12,620,909 19,143,834 Health-care equipment and supplies (1.4%) Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd. Class A (China) 120,200 9,120,222 9,120,222 Health-care providers and services (3.0%) Apollo Hospitals Enterprise, Ltd. (India)(NON) 289,662 12,728,054 Universal Vision Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Taiwan) 540,000 5,917,702 18,645,756 Hotels, restaurants, and leisure (2.7%) Jubilant Foodworks, Ltd. (India)(NON) 127,363 5,470,363 Yum China Holdings, Inc. -
Luis David Garcıa Puente
Luis David Garc´ıa Puente Department of Mathematics and Statistics (936) 294-1581 Sam Houston State University [email protected] Huntsville, TX 77341–2206 http://www.shsu.edu/ldg005/ Professional Preparation Universidad Nacional Autonoma´ de Mexico´ (UNAM) Mexico City, Mexico´ B.S. Mathematics (with Honors) 1999 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA Ph.D. Mathematics 2004 – Advisor: Reinhard Laubenbacher – Dissertation: Algebraic Geometry of Bayesian Networks University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA Postdoctoral Fellow Summer 2004 – Mentor: Lior Pachter Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI) Berkeley, CA Postdoctoral Fellow Fall 2004 – Mentor: Bernd Sturmfels Texas A&M University College Station, TX Visiting Assistant Professor 2005 – 2007 – Mentor: Frank Sottile Appointments Colorado College Colorado Springs, CO Professor of Mathematics and Computer Science 2021 – Sam Houston State University Huntsville, TX Professor of Mathematics 2019 – 2021 Sam Houston State University Huntsville, TX Associate Department Chair Fall 2017 – 2021 Sam Houston State University Huntsville, TX Associate Professor of Mathematics 2013 – 2019 Statistical and Applied Mathematical Sciences Institute Research Triangle Park, NC SAMSI New Researcher fellowship Spring 2009 Sam Houston State University Huntsville, TX Assistant Professor of Mathematics 2007 – 2013 Virginia Bioinformatics Institute (Virginia Tech) Blacksburg, VA Graduate Research Assistant Spring 2004 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, -
Belize in the Cocoa-Chocolate Global Value Chain
Belize in the Cocoa-Chocolate Global Value Chain July 2018 Prepared by Danny Hamrick and Karina Fernandez-Stark Duke Global Value Chains Center, Duke University Global Value Chains Center This research was prepared by the Duke University Global Value Chains Center on behalf of the Organization of American States (OAS). This study is part of the establishment of Small Business Development Centers in the Caribbean. The report is based on both primary and secondary information sources. In addition to interviews with firms operating in the sector and supporting institutions, the report draws on secondary research and information sources. The project report is available at www.gvcc.duke.edu. Acknowledgements The Duke University Global Value Chains Center would like to thank all of the interviewees, who gave generously of their time and expertise, as well as Renee Penco of the Organization of American States (OAS) for her extensive support. The Duke University Global Value Chain Center undertakes client-sponsored research that addresses economic and social development issues for governments, foundations and international organizations. We do this principally by utilizing the global value chain (GVC) framework, created by Founding Director Gary Gereffi, and supplemented by other analytical tools. As a university- based research center, we address clients’ real-world questions with transparency and rigor. www.gvcc.duke.edu. Duke Global Value Chain Center, Duke University © July 2018 i Belize in the Cocoa-Chocolate Global Value Chain Acronyms .......................................................................................................................................................... -
Preservation of Cocoa Antioxidant Activity, Total Polyphenols, Flavan-3-Ols, and Procyanidin Content in Foods Prepared with Coco
JFS C: Food Chemistry Preservation of Cocoa Antioxidant Activity, Total C: Food Chemistry Polyphenols, Flavan-3-ols, and Procyanidin Content in Foods Prepared with Cocoa Powder L. STAHL,K.B.MILLER,J.APGAR, D.S. SWEIGART,D.A.STUART,N.MCHALE,B.OU,M.KONDO, AND W.J. H URST ABSTRACT: Little is known about the effects of common cooking processes on cocoa flavanols. Antioxidant activ- ity, total polyphenols (TP), flavanol monomers, and procyanidin oligomers were determined in chocolate frosting, a hot cocoa drink, chocolate cookies, and chocolate cake made with natural cocoa powder. Recoveries of antioxi- dant activity, TP, flavanol monomers, and procyanidins ranged from 86% to over 100% in the chocolate frosting, hot cocoa drink, and chocolate cookies. Losses were greatest in the chocolate cake with recoveries ranging from 5% for epicatechin to 54% for antioxidant activity. The causes of losses in baked chocolate cakes were investigated by exchanging baking soda with baking powder or combinations of the 2 leavening agents. Use of baking soda as a leav- ening agent was associated with increased pH and darkening color of cakes. Losses of antioxidant activity, TP, fla- vanol monomers, and procyanidins were associated with an increased extractable pH of the baked cakes. Chocolate cakes made with baking powder for leavening resulted in an average extractable pH of 6.2 with essentially complete retention of antioxidant activity and flavanol content, but with reduced cake heights and lighter cake color. Com- mercially available chocolate cake mixes had final pHs above 8.3 and contained no detectable monomeric flavanols after baking. These results suggest that baking soda causes an increase in pH and subsequent destruction of fla- vanol compounds and antioxidant activity. -
Holdings-Report.Pdf
The Fund is a closed-end exchange traded management Investment company. This material is presented only to provide information and is not intended for trading purposes. Closed-end funds, unlike open-end funds are not continuously offered. After the initial public offering, shares are sold on the open market through a stock exchange. Changes to investment policies, current management fees, and other matters of interest to investors may be found in each closed-end fund's most recent report to shareholders. Holdings are subject to change daily. PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS FOR THE KOREA FUND as of July 31, 2021 *Note: Cash (including for these purposes cash equivalents) is not included. Security Description Shares/Par Value Base Market Value (USD) Percent of Base Market Value SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO 793,950 54,183,938.27 20.99 SK HYNIX INC COMMON 197,500 19,316,452.95 7.48 NAVER CORP COMMON STOCK 37,800 14,245,859.60 5.52 LG CHEM LTD COMMON STOCK 15,450 11,309,628.34 4.38 HANA FINANCIAL GROUP INC 225,900 8,533,236.25 3.31 SK INNOVATION CO LTD 38,200 8,402,173.44 3.26 KIA CORP COMMON STOCK 107,000 7,776,744.19 3.01 HYUNDAI MOBIS CO LTD 26,450 6,128,167.79 2.37 HYUNDAI MOTOR CO 66,700 6,030,688.98 2.34 NCSOFT CORP COMMON STOCK 8,100 5,802,564.66 2.25 SAMSUNG BIOLOGICS CO LTD 7,230 5,594,175.18 2.17 KB FINANCIAL GROUP INC 123,000 5,485,677.03 2.13 KAKAO CORP COMMON STOCK 42,700 5,456,987.61 2.11 HUGEL INC COMMON STOCK 24,900 5,169,415.34 2.00 SAMSUNG 29,900 4,990,915.02 1.93 SK TELECOM CO LTD COMMON 17,500 4,579,439.25 1.77 KOREA INVESTMENT 53,100 4,427,115.84 -
FG Fingers Insecurity As Trigger for Rising Secessionist Agitations
Pope Urges IMF, W’Bank to Cut Poor Nations’ Debts Global agreement saved oil market, says OPEC Emmanuel Addeh in Abuja economic impact of the pope said the pandemic had Exporting Countries (OPEC) to stabilise it. international market." COVID-19 pandemic and give forced the world to come has told the International The Pope called for a new In the letter, the pope Pope Francis yesterday urged their governments a greater to terms with interrelated Monetary and Financial "global plan" that "necessarily noted that a spirit of global the International Monetary say in global-decision-making. socio-economic, ecological, Committee (IMFC) via Video- means giving poorer and less solidarity demands at the least Fund (IMF) and the World In a letter to the participants and political crises. conference that the global oil developed nations an effective a significant reduction in the Bank to cut the debt burden of the IMF and World Bank's This is coming as the market was on the verge of share in decision-making of poor countries hit by the annual spring meeting, the Organisation of the Petroleum collapse before its intervention and facilitating access to the Continued on page 10 Dangote, Flour Mills, BUA at War over New Sugar Refinery... Page 8 Friday 9 April, 2021 Vol 26. No 9497. Price: N250 www.thisdaylive.com T RU N TH & REASO Aisha is Presidency’s Voice of Conscience, Says Tinubu Osinbajo: She is an unusual first lady Raises N150m at biography presentation Deji Elumoye in Abuja described the First Lady, Mrs. in the presidency. Both spoke at the public presentation of the and Women Affairs, Dr. -
Annual and Sustainability Report 2018
2018 Annual and sustainability report report and sustainability Annual Annual and sustainability report 2018 Contents This is Cloetta Letter from the Chairman 73 The year in brief 1 Corporate governance report 74 Words from the President 2 Remuneration of the Group Management Team 80 Internal control over financial reporting Goals and strategies 4 82 Board of Directors Long-term financial targets 4 84 Group Management Team Sustainability targets 5 86 Strategic priorities 6 Financial reports 88 Consolidated profit and loss account Cloetta’s value chain 8 89 Consolidated statement of comprehensive income Cloetta’s sustainability agenda 10 90 Consolidated balance sheet 91 The confectionery market 11 Consolidated statement of changes in equity 92 Strategies for growth 14 Consolidated cash flow statement 93 Brand, category and product development 15 Notes to the consolidated financial statement 94 Brand and category leadership 16 Parent Company financial statements and notes 130 Strategic product development 21 Proposed appropriation of earnings 140 Consumer front and centre 24 Auditor’s report 141 Cloetta’s leading brands 26 Ten-year overview 144 Key ratios 145 Cloetta’s main markets 30 Reconciliation of alternative performance measures 146 Supply chain 37 Factories 42 Long-term sustainability 148 Stakeholders and materiality issues Increased resource efficiency 44 150 Strategic priorities for Cloetta’s sustainability work Raw material 46 152 GRI index Responsible sourcing 48 153 Auditor’s limited assurance report on sustainability report -
An Alternative Algorithm for Computing the Betti Table of a Monomial Ideal 3
AN ALTERNATIVE ALGORITHM FOR COMPUTING THE BETTI TABLE OF A MONOMIAL IDEAL MARIA-LAURA TORRENTE AND MATTEO VARBARO Abstract. In this paper we develop a new technique to compute the Betti table of a monomial ideal. We present a prototype implementation of the resulting algorithm and we perform numerical experiments suggesting a very promising efficiency. On the way of describing the method, we also prove new constraints on the shape of the possible Betti tables of a monomial ideal. 1. Introduction Since many years syzygies, and more generally free resolutions, are central in purely theo- retical aspects of algebraic geometry; more recently, after the connection between algebra and statistics have been initiated by Diaconis and Sturmfels in [DS98], free resolutions have also become an important tool in statistics (for instance, see [D11, SW09]). As a consequence, it is fundamental to have efficient algorithms to compute them. The usual approach uses Gr¨obner bases and exploits a result of Schreyer (for more details see [Sc80, Sc91] or [Ei95, Chapter 15, Section 5]). The packages for free resolutions of the most used computer algebra systems, like [Macaulay2, Singular, CoCoA], are based on these techniques. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithmic method to compute the minimal graded free resolution of any finitely generated graded module over a polynomial ring such that some (possibly non- minimal) graded free resolution is known a priori. We describe this method and we present the resulting algorithm in the case of monomial ideals in a polynomial ring, in which situ- ation we always have a starting nonminimal graded free resolution. -
The Medicinal Use of Chocolate in Early North America
Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2008, 52, 000 – 000 DOI 10.1002/mnfr.200700264 1 Review The Medicinal Use of Chocolate in Early North America Deanna L. Pucciarelli and Louis E. Grivetti Nutrition Department, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA The medicinal use of chocolate has a long history in North America dating back to the 16th century. From Mesoamerican Codices and European Treatises scholars have determined that for hundreds of years the beverage called chocolate was administered to the sick and prescribed homeopathically to prevent illness. Yet, little scholarship exists that focuses on medicinal chocolate usage in early North America (18th–19th century). This paper examines medical practices during this era and associated medicinal norms with special attention given to chocolate/cocoa usage. Given the current scientific attention on the relationship between dark chocolate consumption and heart disease attenuation it is timely to investigate and chronicle America's medical forebears’ understanding of, and practices related to, the medicinal use of chocolate. Indeed, there is a significant amount of literature to suggest that chocolate was used for wellness and to treat illness. Keywords: Chocolate / Cocoa / Food history / Foods for health / History of medicine / Received: July 9, 2007; accepted: January 2, 2008 1 Introduction Yet, for the better part of the 20th century, and certainly after the 1930s, the consumption of chocolate shifted in the I felt my Self [sic.] very unwell and derected [sic.] a little United States from medicinal to confectionary. Over the Chocolate which Mr. McClellen gave us, prepared of which past decade laboratory research has indicated positive rela- I drank about a pint and found great relief at 11 A.M. -
Survey of Commercially Available Chocolate- and Cocoa-Containing Products in the United States
J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009, 57, 9169–9180 9169 DOI:10.1021/jf901821x Survey of Commercially Available Chocolate- and Cocoa-Containing Products in the United States. 2. Comparison of Flavan-3-ol Content with Nonfat Cocoa Solids, Total Polyphenols, and Percent Cacao ,† † § § KENNETH B. MILLER,* W. JEFFREY HURST, NANCY FLANNIGAN, BOXIN OU, # # † C. Y. LEE, NANCY SMITH, AND DAVID A. STUART †The Hershey Center for Health and Nutrition, P.O. Box 805, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0805, §Brunswick Laboratories, 50 Commerce Way, Norton, Massachusetts 02766, and #Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Geneva, New York 14456 A survey of a broad range of chocolate- and cocoa-containing products marketed in the United States was conducted to provide a more detailed analysis of flavan-3-ol monomers, oligomers, and polymers, which can be grouped into a class of compounds called procyanidins. Samples consisted of the three or four top-selling products within the following six categories: natural cocoa powder, unsweetened baking chocolate, dark chocolate, semisweet baking chips, milk chocolate, and chocolate syrup. Composite samples were characterized for percent fat (%fat), percent nonfat cocoa solids (%NFCS), antioxidant level by ORAC, total polyphenols, epicatechin, catechin, total monomers, and flavan-3-ol oligomers and polymers (procyanidins). On a gram weight basis epicatechin and catechin content of the products follow in decreasing order: cocoa powder > baking chocolate > dark chocolate = baking chips > milk chocolate > chocolate syrup. Analysis of the monomer and oligomer profiles within product categories shows there are two types of profiles: (1) products that have high monomers with decreasing levels of oligomers and (2) products in which the level of dimers is equal to or greater than the monomers. -
Computations in Algebraic Geometry with Macaulay 2
Computations in algebraic geometry with Macaulay 2 Editors: D. Eisenbud, D. Grayson, M. Stillman, and B. Sturmfels Preface Systems of polynomial equations arise throughout mathematics, science, and engineering. Algebraic geometry provides powerful theoretical techniques for studying the qualitative and quantitative features of their solution sets. Re- cently developed algorithms have made theoretical aspects of the subject accessible to a broad range of mathematicians and scientists. The algorith- mic approach to the subject has two principal aims: developing new tools for research within mathematics, and providing new tools for modeling and solv- ing problems that arise in the sciences and engineering. A healthy synergy emerges, as new theorems yield new algorithms and emerging applications lead to new theoretical questions. This book presents algorithmic tools for algebraic geometry and experi- mental applications of them. It also introduces a software system in which the tools have been implemented and with which the experiments can be carried out. Macaulay 2 is a computer algebra system devoted to supporting research in algebraic geometry, commutative algebra, and their applications. The reader of this book will encounter Macaulay 2 in the context of concrete applications and practical computations in algebraic geometry. The expositions of the algorithmic tools presented here are designed to serve as a useful guide for those wishing to bring such tools to bear on their own problems. A wide range of mathematical scientists should find these expositions valuable. This includes both the users of other programs similar to Macaulay 2 (for example, Singular and CoCoA) and those who are not interested in explicit machine computations at all.