Ferdinand Marcos Declaring Martial Law Video
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The Rise and Fall of Virata's Network: Technocracy and the Politics Of
The Rise and Fall of Virata’s Network: Technocracy and the Politics of Economic Decision Making in the Philippines Teresa S. Encarnacion Tadem* The influence of a technocratic network in the Philippines that was formed around Cesar E. A. Virata, prime minister under Ferdinand Marcos, rose during the martial law period (1972–86), when technocracy was pushed to the forefront of economic policy making. Applying concepts of networks, this essay traces the rise and even- tual collapse of Virata’s network to a three-dimensional interplay of relationships— between Virata and Marcos, Virata and the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, and Marcos and the United States. Virata’s close links to social, academic, US, and business community networks initially thrust him into government, where he shared Marcos’s goal of attracting foreign investments to build an export-oriented economy. Charged with obtaining IMF and World Bank loans, Virata’s network was closely joined to Marcos as the principal political hub. Virata, however, had to contend with the networks of Marcos’s wife, Imelda, and the president’s “chief cronies.” While IMF and World Bank support offered Virata some leverage, his network could not control Imelda Marcos’s profligacy or the cronies’ sugar and coconut monopolies. In Virata’s own assessment, his network was weakened when Marcos’s health failed during an economic crisis in 1981 and after Benigno Aquino’s assassination in 1983. In those crises, Imelda Marcos’s network and Armed Forces Chief of Staff General Fabian Ver’s faction of the military network took power amidst the rise of an anti-dictatorship movement. -
'New Society' and the Philippine Labour Export Policy (1972-1986)
EDUCATION IN THE ‘NEW SOCIETY’ AND THE PHILIppINE LABOUR EXPORT POLICY (1972-1986) EDUCATION IN THE ‘NEW SOCIETY’ AND THE PHILIPPINE LABOUR EXPORT POLICY (1972-1986) Mark Macaa Kyushu University Abstract: The ‘overseas Filipino workers’ (OFWs) are the largest source of US dollar income in the Philippines. These state-sponsored labour migrations have resulted in an exodus of workers and professionals that now amounts to approximately 10% of the entire country’s population. From a temporary and seasonal employment strategy during the early American colonial period, labour export has become a cornerstone of the country’s development policy. This was institutionalised under the Marcos regime (1965-1986), and especially in the early years of the martial law period (1972-81), and maintained by successive governments thereafter. Within this context, this paper investigates the relationship between Marcos’ ‘New Society’ agenda, the globalization of migrant labour, and state sponsorship of labour exports. In particular, it analyses the significance of attempts made to deploy education policy and educational institutions to facilitate the state’s labour export drive. Evidence analyzed in this paper suggests that sweeping reforms covering curricular policies, education governance and funding were implemented, ostensibly in support of national development. However, these measures ultimately did little to boost domestic economic development. Instead, they set the stage for the education system to continue training and certifying Filipino skilled labour for global export – a pattern that has continued to this day. Keywords: migration, labour export, education reforms, Ferdinand Marcos, New Society Introduction This paper extends a historical analysis begun with an investigation of early Filipino labour migration to the US and its role in addressing widespread poverty and unemployment (Maca, 2017). -
The 1986 EDSA Revolution? These Are Just Some of the Questions That You Will Be Able to Answer As You Study This Module
What Is This Module About? “The people united will never be defeated.” The statement above is about “people power.” It means that if people are united, they can overcome whatever challenges lie ahead of them. The Filipinos have proven this during a historic event that won the admiration of the whole world—the 1986 EDSA “People Power” Revolution. What is the significance of this EDSA Revolution? Why did it happen? If revolution implies a struggle for change, was there any change after the 1986 EDSA Revolution? These are just some of the questions that you will be able to answer as you study this module. This module has three lessons: Lesson 1 – Revisiting the Historical Roots of the 1986 EDSA Revolution Lesson 2 – The Ouster of the Dictator Lesson 3 – The People United Will Never Be Defeated What Will You Learn From This Module? After studying this module, you should be able to: ♦ identify the reasons why the 1986 EDSA Revolution occurred; ♦ describe how the 1986 EDSA Revolution took place; and ♦ identify and explain the lessons that can be drawn from the 1986 EDSA Revolution. 1 Let’s See What You Already Know Before you start studying this module, take this simple test first to find out what you already know about this topic. Read each sentence below. If you agree with what it says, put a check mark (4) under the column marked Agree. If you disagree with what it says, put a check under the Disagree column. And if you’re not sure about your answer, put a check under the Not Sure column. -
Reflections on Peace Education and the Philippines," the Journal of Social Encounters: Vol
The Journal of Social Encounters Volume 4 Issue 2 Article 7 2020 Reflections on eaceP Education and the Philippines Patricia M. Mische Lloyd Professor of Peace Studies and World Law, Antioch College (retired) Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/social_encounters Part of the Anthropology Commons, Catholic Studies Commons, Christianity Commons, Ethics in Religion Commons, International Relations Commons, Islamic Studies Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, Race and Ethnicity Commons, Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons, Social Psychology and Interaction Commons, and the South and Southeast Asian Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Mische, Patricia M. (2020) "Reflections on Peace Education and the Philippines," The Journal of Social Encounters: Vol. 4: Iss. 2, 78-89. Available at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/social_encounters/vol4/iss2/7 This Additional Essay is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Journal of Social Encounters by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Journal of Social Encounters Introduction to Special Section on Peace Education in the Philippines Note from the editors: Dr. Joseph Okumu and I are very pleased and honored to have Dr. Patricia Mische on the editorial board of the JSE, and we want to thank her very much for organizing this special section on Peace Education in the Philippines. We also thank Drs. Castro and Nario Galace for their contributions to this issue. Dr. Mische is a globally respected pioneer in peace and global education who has educated and inspired many. -
Malacañang Says China Missiles Deployed in Disputed Seas Do Not
Warriors move on to face Rockets in West WEEKLY ISSUE 70 CITIES IN 11 STATES ONLINE SPORTS NEWS | A5 Vol. IX Issue 474 1028 Mission Street, 2/F, San Francisco, CA 94103 Email: [email protected] Tel. (415) 593-5955 or (650) 278-0692 May 10 - 16, 2018 White House, some PH solons oppose China installing missiles Malacañang says China missiles deployed in Spratly By Macon Araneta in disputed seas do not target PH FilAm Star Correspondent By Daniel Llanto | FilAm Star Correspondent Malacañang’s reaction to the expressions of concern over the recent Chinese deploy- ment of missiles in the Spratly islands is one of nonchalance supposedly because Beijing said it would not use these against the Philippines and that China is a better source of assistance than America. Presidential spokesperson Harry Roque said the improving ties between the Philippines and U.S. Press Sec. Sarah Sanders China is assurance enough that China will not use (Photo: www.newsx.com) its missiles against the Philippines. This echoed President Duterte’s earlier remarks when security The White House warned that China would experts warned that China’s installation of mis- face “consequences” for their leaders militarizing siles in the Spratly islands threatens the Philip- the illegally-reclaimed islands in the West Philip- pines’ international access in the disputed South pine Sea (WPS). China Sea. The installation of Chinese missiles were Duterte said China has not asked for any- reported on Fiery Reef, Subi Reef and Mischief thing in return for its assistance to the Philip- Reef in the Spratly archipelago that Manila claims pines as he allayed concerns of some groups over as its territory. -
The Decline of Democracy in the Philippines
Fordham International Law Journal Volume 2, Issue 1 1978 Article 4 The Decline of Democracy in the Philippines Mark Tobak∗ ∗ Copyright c 1978 by the authors. Fordham International Law Journal is produced by The Berke- ley Electronic Press (bepress). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj BOOK REVIEW William J. Butler, John P. Humphrey, and G. E. Bisson, The Decline of Democracy in the Philippines, Geneva: International Commission of Jurists, 1977, Pp. viii, 97, $4.00. Ferdinand Marcos was twice elected President of the Philippines: in 1965, and again in 1969. His nomination for'a third term would have been barred under the Philippine Constitution, which prohibits a President serving more than eight consecutive years. In September 1972, fourteen months before his second and final term of office was due to expire, Marcos proclaimed Martial Law in the Philippines, for the announced purpose of suppressing Communist revolutionaries and Moslem secessionists. In addition to strengthening national security, during the past seven years Marcos has established himself as a virtual dictator. He has suspended the Philippine Congress indefinitely. Ruling by Presi- dential fiat, with the complete loyalty and support of the military and police, his regime has all but extinguished democratic freedom. News- papers and radio stations that would not conform have been shut down. Arbitrary arrest, interrogation, torture, and prolonged detention without trial are commonplace. Political opposition is repressed through fear and terror. President Marcos jailed his chief opponent, Senator Aquino, shortly after the proclamation of Martial Law. Two years ago Aquino's scheduled execution was halted only by an inter- national protest. -
The Philippines
THE PHILIPPINES A GUIDE TO AUDIO-VISUAL RESOURCES ON PHIUPPINE STUDIES IN HAWAII Prepared by Belinda A. Aquino Marissa C. Garcia Center for Philippine Studies School of Hawaiian, Asian and Pacific Studies University ofHawaii at Manoa Copyright 1993 CENTER FOR PHILIPPINE snmlEs School ofHawaiian, Asian and PacifIC Studies University ofHawaii at Manoa Printed by Hawaii Correctional Industries Cover: Detail of a brass earring from eagayan Valley, designed by the Isnegs. Source: Men:edita Jose-Dela Cruz, Sourcebook ofPhilippine Traditiollll1 Art Motifs and Crafts Processes, (Manila: Philip pine Committee, 1992.) TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 1 GENERAL INFORMATION 3 PART I: 5 Subject Index to Videotapes PART II: 14 Summaries and Descriptions PART III: 46 Miscellaneous Holdings PARTN Infonnation on Policies and Instructions 49 Wong Audiovisual Center University ofHawaii at Manoa Art, Music & Recreation Section 54 Hawaii State library IYloREWORD Panofthejustification we citedfor the establishmentofa programon PhilippineStudies at the University ofHawaii atManoa (UHM)in 1974wasthepresenceofanextensivecollection of material on the Philippines in the university's libraries, which would enhance the basic missions ofinstruction, research and service on this campus. At that time the collection on the Philippines at the Asia Collection ofthe Hamilton Library numbered 2,404 (monographic titles only). This has grown to more than 10,000 titles, which is more than adequate to back up an academic program. Theprogrameventuallybecame the CenterforPhilippine Studies, when the Asian Studies Program to which Philippine Studies was attached was made pan of the new School ofHawaiian. Asian and Pacific Studies (SHAPS) in 1987. In time theresearchcollection would becomplemented by the acquisitionofaudiovisual material on various aspects of Philippines Studies, thereby increasing the resources on this campus for studies on the Philippines. -
Fidel Valdez Ramos [Philippines, President] Fidel Valdez Ramos
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Digital Narratives of Asia Institute for Societal Leadership 26-1-2015 Fidel Valdez Ramos [Philippines, President] Fidel Valdez Ramos Follow this and additional works at: https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/isl_dna Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Leadership Studies Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Politics and Social Change Commons Citation Ramos, Fidel Valdez. Fidel Valdez Ramos [Philippines, President]. (2015). 1-9. Digital Narratives of Asia. Available at: https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/isl_dna/9 This Transcript is brought to you for free and open access by the Institute for Societal Leadership at Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Digital Narratives of Asia by an authorized administrator of Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University. For more information, please email [email protected]. Interviewee: FIDEL VALDEZ RAMOS Interviewer: Kirpal Singh Date: 26 January 2015 Location: Manila, Philippines 00:00:24 Kirpal Singh Mr President, may I begin our conversation by taking you back many years. How was it like growing up in a house where your father was doing so many things? He was a lawyer, journalist, diplomat. He was a signatory to ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Can you describe how it was like growing up in that beautiful house with this wonderful man as a father? 00:00:49 Fidel Ramos In our younger days, when I was aged six to twelve in grade school, we lived in the province. -
Popular Uprisings and Philippine Democracy
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UW Law Digital Commons (University of Washington) Washington International Law Journal Volume 15 Number 1 2-1-2006 It's All the Rage: Popular Uprisings and Philippine Democracy Dante B. Gatmaytan Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wilj Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons Recommended Citation Dante B. Gatmaytan, It's All the Rage: Popular Uprisings and Philippine Democracy, 15 Pac. Rim L & Pol'y J. 1 (2006). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wilj/vol15/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at UW Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington International Law Journal by an authorized editor of UW Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copyright © 2006 Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal Association IT’S ALL THE RAGE: POPULAR UPRISINGS AND PHILIPPINE DEMOCRACY † Dante B. Gatmaytan Abstract: Massive peaceful demonstrations ended the authoritarian regime of Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines twenty years ago. The “people power” uprising was called a democratic revolution and inspired hopes that it would lead to the consolidation of democracy in the Philippines. When popular uprisings were later used to remove or threaten other leaders, people power was criticized as an assault on democratic institutions and was interpreted as a sign of the political immaturity of Filipinos. The literature on people power is presently marked by disagreement as to whether all popular uprisings should be considered part of the people power tradition. -
Persistent Resistance: Libraries in the Philippines and Their Fight for Freedom and People's Rights
Submitted on: 01.06.2017 Persistent Resistance: Libraries in the Philippines and their Fight for Freedom and People’s Rights Iyra S. Buenrostro Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information Nanyang Technological University, Singapore E-mail address: [email protected] Johann Frederick A. Cabbab School of Library and Information Studies University of the Philippines Diliman, Philippines E-mail address: [email protected] Copyright © 2017 by Iyra S. Buenrostro and Johann Frederick A. Cabbab. This work is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Abstract: In this paper, the stories of libraries that survived during and after the Martial Law years in the Philippines under the late strongman President Ferdinand Marcos are concisely unravelled. The authors focus on the three key institutions that have played important roles in the preservation and documentation of the events and effects of the dictatorial government to the people. These are the University of the Philippines Diliman Library or UP Main Library, Task Force Detainees of the Philippines, and Bantayog ng mga Bayani or Monument to the Heroes. The experiences of these institutions have illustrated the changing raison d'etre of libraries and librarians in the Philippines. The paradigm has shifted from mere gathering of materials to a more forward-looking activism. Keywords: Philippine libraries, Martial Law, Ferdinand Marcos, human rights, social justice Introduction The story of libraries mirrors the story of society – the authority exercised by the ruling power as well as the countless struggles of people. -
Martial Law and the Realignment of Political Parties in the Philippines (September 1972-February 1986): with a Case in the Province of Batangas
Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 29, No.2, September 1991 Martial Law and the Realignment of Political Parties in the Philippines (September 1972-February 1986): With a Case in the Province of Batangas Masataka KIMURA* The imposition of martial lawS) by President Marcos In September 1972 I Introduction shattered Philippine democracy. The Since its independence, the Philippines country was placed under Marcos' au had been called the showcase of democracy thoritarian control until the revolution of in Asia, having acquired American political February 1986 which restored democracy. institutions. Similar to the United States, At the same time, the two-party system it had a two-party system. The two collapsed. The traditional political forces major parties, namely, the N acionalista lay dormant in the early years of martial Party (NP) and the Liberal Party (LP),1) rule when no elections were held. When had alternately captured state power elections were resumed in 1978, a single through elections, while other political dominant party called Kilusang Bagong parties had hardly played significant roles Lipunan (KBL) emerged as an admin in shaping the political course of the istration party under Marcos, while the country. 2) traditional opposition was fragmented which saw the proliferation of regional parties. * *MI§;q:, Asian Center, University of the Meantime, different non-traditional forces Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila, such as those that operated underground the Philippines 1) The leadership of the two parties was composed and those that joined the protest movement, mainly of wealthy politicians from traditional which later snowballed after the Aquino elite families that had been entrenched in assassination in August 1983, emerged as provinces. -
Cardinal Jaime Sin Instrumental in the People’S Revolution
Cardinal Jaime Sin Instrumental in the People’s Revolution Jaime L. Sin (born 1928) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served in the Philippines. He was instrumental in the defeat of the Marcos regime in 1986 (during the EDSA Revolution, aka People Power Revolution). Jaime L. Sin, was born in the town of New Washington, Aklan, in the Visayan Islands of the Philippines on August 21, 1928. He was the seventh of nine children of Juan Sin and Maxima Lachica. Cardinal Sin began his missionary career in Jaro, Iloilo, where he attended the Jaro Archdiocesan Seminary of St. Vincent Ferrer. He was ordained a priest on April 3, 1954. He served as priest of the Diocese of Capiz from 1954 to 1957 and became rector of St. Pius X Seminary in Roxas City from 1957 to 1967. While serving in the church he obtained a bachelor's degree in education from the Immaculate Concepcion College in 1959. He assumed several positions in archdioceses in the Visayan Islands—and subsequently became metropolitan archbishop of Manila, the capital of the Philippines, in 1974. Sin was named cardinal by Pope Paul VI on May 26, 1976. Cardinal Sin was known for his good sense of humor. He jokingly called his residence "the House of Sin" and smiled at the ironic combination of his name and title. But in a largely Catholic country plagued by a dictatorship from 1972 to 1986, Cardinal Sin often suppressed his smiles. He increasingly criticized the Marcos regime for its indifference to the plight of the poor.