Draft: September 19, 2011 LOCALLY ANALYTIC VECTORS in REPRESENTATIONS of LOCALLY P-ADIC ANALYTIC GROUPS
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Draft: September 19, 2011 LOCALLY ANALYTIC VECTORS IN REPRESENTATIONS OF LOCALLY p-ADIC ANALYTIC GROUPS Matthew Emerton Northwestern University Contents Introduction 1 1. Non-archimedean functional analysis 10 2. Non-archimedean function theory 29 3. Continuous, analytic, and locally analytic vectors 45 4. Smooth, locally finite, and locally algebraic vectors 76 5. Rings of distributions 86 6. Admissible locally analytic representations 110 7. Representations of certain product groups 134 References 145 Introduction Recent years have seen the emergence of a new branch of representation theory: the theory of representations of locally p-adic analytic groups on locally convex p-adic topological vector spaces (or “locally analytic representation theory”, for short). Examples of such representations are provided by finite dimensional alge- braic representations of p-adic reductive groups, and also by smooth representations of such groups (on p-adic vector spaces). One might call these the “classical” ex- amples of such representations. One of the main interests of the theory (from the point of view of number theory) is that it provides a setting in which one can study p-adic completions of the classical representations [6], or construct “p-adic interpolations” of them (for example, by defining locally analytic analogues of the principal series, as in [23], or by constructing representations via the cohomology of arithmetic quotients of symmetric spaces, as in [9]). Locally analytic representation theory also plays an important role in the analysis of p-adic symmetric spaces; indeed, this analysis provided the original motivation for its development. The first “non-classical” examples in the theory were found by Morita, in his analysis of the p-adic upper half-plane (the p-adic symmetric space attached to GL2(Qp)) [17], and further examples were found by Schneider and Teitelbaum in their analytic investigations of the p-adic symmetric spaces of GLn(Qp) (for arbitrary n) [22]. Motivated in part by the desire to understand these examples, Schneider and Teitelbaum have recently initiated a systematic study of locally analytic representation theory [22, 23, 24, 25, 27]. In particular, they have introduced the important notions of admissible and strongly admissible locally The author would like to acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation (award numbers DMS-0070711, DMS-0401545, DMS-0701315, and DMS-1002339) 1 2 MATTHEW EMERTON analytic representations of a locally p-adic analytic group (as well as the related notion of admissible continuous representations of such a group). The goal of this memoir is to provide the foundations for the locally analytic representation theory that is required in the papers [8, 9, 10]. In the course of writing those papers we have found it useful to adopt a particular point of view on locally analytic representation theory: namely, we regard a locally analytic representation as being the inductive limit of its subspaces of analytic vectors (of various “radii of analyticity”), and we use the analysis of these subspaces as one of the basic tools in our study of such representations. Thus in this memoir we present a development of locally analytic representation theory built around this point of view. Some of the material that we present is entirely new (for example, the notion of essentially admissible representation, which plays a key role in [8], and the results of chapter 7, which are used in [9]); other parts of it can be found (perhaps up to minor variations) in the papers of Schneider and Teitelbaum cited above, or in the thesis of Feaux de Lacroix [12]. We have made a deliberate effort to keep our exposition reasonably self-contained, and we hope that this will be of some benefit to the reader. 0.1. Locally analytic vectors and locally analytic representations We will now give a more precise description of the view-point on locally analytic representation theory that this memoir adopts, and that we summarized above. Let L be a finite extension of Qp, and let K be an extension of L, complete with respect to a discrete valuation extending the discrete valuation of L.1 We let G denote a locally L-analytic group, and consider representations of G by continuous operators on Hausdorff locally convex topological K-vector spaces. Our first goal is to define, for any such representation V , the topological K-vector space Vla of locally analytic vectors in V . As a vector space, Vla is defined to be the subspace of V consisting of those vectors v for which the orbit map g 7→ gv is a locally analytic V -valued function on G. The non-trivial point in the definition is to equip Vla with an appropriate topology. In the references [22,27], the authors endow this space (which they denote by Van, rather than Vla) with the topology that it inherits as a closed subspace of the space Cla(G, V ) of locally analytic V -valued functions on G (each vector v ∈ Vla being identified with the corresponding orbit map ov : G → V ). We have found it advantageous to endow Vla with a finer topology, with respect to which it is exhibited as a locally convex inductive limit of Banach spaces. (In some important situations — for example, when V is of compact type, or is a Banach space equipped with an admissible continuous G-action — we prove that the topology that we consider coincides with that considered by Schneider and Teitelbaum.) Suppose first that G is an affinoid rigid analytic group defined over L, and that G is the group of L-valued points of G. If W is a Banach space equipped with a 1In the main body of the text, in contrast to this introduction, the field K of coefficients is assumed merely to be spherically complete with respect to a valuation extending the discrete valution on L. Nevertheless, several of our results require the additional hypothesis that K be discretely valued, and so we have imposed this hypothesis on K throughout the introducion in order to simplify the discussion. In the main body of the text, when a given result requires for its validity that K be discretely valued, we have always indicated this requirement in the statement of the result (with one exception: it is assumed throught section 6.5 that K is discretely valued, and so this is not explictly mentioned in the statements of the results appearing in that section). LOCALLY ANALYTIC VECTORS IN REPRESENTATIONS OF p-ADIC GROUPS 3 representation of G, then we say that this representation is G-analytic if for each w ∈ W the orbit map ow : G → W given by w extends to a W -valued rigid analytic function on G. For any G-representation V , we define VG−an to be the locally convex inductive limit over the inductive system of G-equivariant maps W → V , where W is a Banach space equipped with a G-analytic action of G. We now consider the case of an arbitrary locally L-analytic group G. Recall that a chart (φ, H, H) of G consists of an open subset H of G, an affinoid space H ∼ isomorphic to a closed ball, and a locally analytic isomorphism φ : H −→ H(L). If H is furthermore a subgroup of G, then the fact that H(L) is Zariski dense in H implies that there is at most one rigid analytic group structure on H inducing the given group structure on H. If such a group structure exists, we refer to the chart (φ, H, H) as an analytic open subgroup of G. We will typically suppress reference to the isomorphism φ, and so will speak of an analytic open subgroup H of G, letting H denote the corresponding rigid analytic group, and identifying H with the group of points H(L). For any G-representation on a Hausdorff convex K-vector space V , and any analytic open subgroup H of G, we can define as above the space VH−an of H- analytic vectors in V . (If we ignore questions of topology, then VH−an consists of those locally analytic vectors with “radius of analyticity” bounded below by H.) We define Vla to be the locally convex inductive limit over all locally analytic open subgroups H of G of the spaces VH−an. The representation V of G is said to be locally analytic if V is barrelled, and if the natural map Vla → V is a bijection. If V is an LF -space (we recall the meaning of this, and some related, functional analytic terminology in section 1.1 below), then we can show that if this map is a bijection, it is in fact a topological isomorphism. Thus given a locally analytic representation of G on an LF -space V , we may write V −→∼ lim V , where H runs over a cofinal sequence of analytic −→ Hn−an n n open subgroups of G. The category of admissible locally analytic G-representations, introduced in [27], admits a useful description from this point of view. We show that a locally analytic G-representation on a Hausdorff convex K-vector space V is admissible if and only if V is an LB-space, such that for each analytic open subgroup H of G, the space VH−an admits a closed H-equivariant embedding into a finite direct sum of copies of the space Can(H,K) of rigid analytic functions on H. Recall that in [27], a locally analytic G-representation V is defined to be admis- sible if and only if V is of compact type, and if the dual space V 0 is a coadmissible module under the action of the ring Dan(H, K) of locally analytic distributions on H, for some (or equivalently, every) compact open subgroup H of G.