DOCSLIB.ORG

Ancient Civilizations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ancient Civilizations Ancient Civilizations Table of Contents 1. How Do We Know? ......................................................................................................................................... 5 1a. Archaeologists and Their Artifacts ................................................................................................................ 7 1b. Anthropologists and Their People ..............................................................................................................10 1c. Historians and Their Time ...........................................................................................................................13 1d. Geographers and Their Space ....................................................................................................................16 2. Prehistoric Times ..........................................................................................................................................19 2a. "I Love Lucy" ...............................................................................................................................................22 2b. Food, Clothing and Shelter .........................................................................................................................25 2c. A Page Right Out of History ........................................................................................................................28 2d. First Technologies: Fire and Tools ..............................................................................................................32 3. Ancient Egypt ................................................................................................................................................34 3a. Life along the Nile .......................................................................................................................................37 3b. Egyptian Social Structure ............................................................................................................................40 3c. Dynasties .....................................................................................................................................................42 3d. Mummies ....................................................................................................................................................46 3e. Pyramids .....................................................................................................................................................51 3f. Women of Ancient Egypt ............................................................................................................................53 4. The Early Middle East ...................................................................................................................................56 4a. Life in Sumer ...............................................................................................................................................58 4b. Babylonia ....................................................................................................................................................62 4c. Hammurabi's Code: An Eye for an Eye .......................................................................................................65 4d. Assyrians: Cavalry and Conquests ..............................................................................................................68 4e. Persian Empire ............................................................................................................................................72 4f. Phoenicians: Sailing Away ...........................................................................................................................75 4g. Hebrews and the Land of Milk and Honey .................................................................................................78 4h. Birth of Christianity.....................................................................................................................................81 4i. Muhammad and the Faith of Islam .............................................................................................................84 5. Ancient Greece .............................................................................................................................................87 5a. Rise of City-States: Athens and Sparta .......................................................................................................89 5b. Democracy Is Born ......................................................................................................................................92 5c. Gods, Goddesses, and Heroes ....................................................................................................................94 5d. Greek Literature .........................................................................................................................................98 Copyright ©2008-2017 ushistory.org Access web version at: http://www.ushistory.org/civ/index.asp 1 Edited 2017: Tillamook Bay Community College 5e. Art and Architecture .................................................................................................................................104 5f. Thinkers .....................................................................................................................................................106 5g. Alexander the Great .................................................................................................................................110 5h. The Olympic Games ..................................................................................................................................112 6. Ancient Rome .............................................................................................................................................114 6a. The Roman Republic .................................................................................................................................116 6b. Julius Caesar .............................................................................................................................................120 6c. The Pax Romana .......................................................................................................................................124 6d. Life of the People ......................................................................................................................................127 6e. Gladiators, Chariots, and the Roman Games ...........................................................................................131 6f. The Fall of the Roman Empire ...................................................................................................................133 7. Africa ...........................................................................................................................................................136 7a. Kingdom of Ghana ....................................................................................................................................138 7b. Mali: A Cultural Center .............................................................................................................................141 7c. Benin and Its Royal Court..........................................................................................................................143 7d. Great Zimbabwe .......................................................................................................................................146 7e. Life on the Desert .....................................................................................................................................148 8. South Asia: India and Beyond .....................................................................................................................151 8a. Early Civilization in the Indus Valley .........................................................................................................152 8b. The Caste System......................................................................................................................................155 8c. The Rise of Hinduism ................................................................................................................................158 8d. The Birth and Spread of Buddhism ...........................................................................................................161 8e. The Gupta Period of India .........................................................................................................................164 9. China ...........................................................................................................................................................166 9a. The Middle Kingdom .................................................................................................................................169 9b. Shang Dynasty — China's First Recorded History ....................................................................................171 9c. Han Dynasty — Cultural Heights ...............................................................................................................173 9d. Tang Dynasty — The Golden Age .............................................................................................................177 9e. Taoism and Confucianism
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rice, Technology, and History: the Case of China
    RICE, TECHNOLOGY, AND HISTORY The Case of China By Francesca Bray Wet-rice farming systems have a logic of technical and economic evolution that is distinctively different from the more familiar Western pattern of agricultural development. The well-documented history of rice farming in China provides an opportunity for students to reassess some commonly held ideas about tech- nical efficiency and sustainable growth. rom 1000 to 1800 CE China was the world’s most populous state and its most powerful and productive economy. Rice farming was the mainstay of this empire. Rice could be grown successfully in only about half of the territory, in the south- F ern provinces where rainfall was abundant. There it was the staple food for all social classes, landlords and peasants, officials and artisans alike. The more arid climate in the north was not suited to rice; northern farmers grew dry-land grains like wheat, millet, and sorghum for local consumption. But the yields of these grains were relatively low, whereas southern rice farming produced sufficient surpluses to sustain government and commerce throughout China. Vast quantities of rice were brought north to provision the capital city— home to the political elite, the imperial court, and all the state ministries—and to feed the huge armies stationed along the northern frontier. People said that the north was like a lazy brother living off the generosity of his hard-working and productive southern sibling. Thou- sands of official barges carried rice from Jiangnan to the capital region along the Grand Canal, and more rice still was transported north in private ships along the coast (fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 17 Tradition and Change in East Asia in the Early Modern Period
    Lecture 17 Tradition and Change in East Asia in the early modern period Thursday last lecture Islamic Gunpowder Empires Reading for Thursday Please read the whole thing: Chapter 2: The Ottoman Empire from its Origins Until 1685 Missing pages Shi'i Rituals and Power: Pages 139 - 156 Shi'i Rituals and Power: Pages 157 - 177 What is “being modern”? Experimental Empirical Technological perception Efficient Precise Rational/rationalization Europe and the “rest” Capitalist modernity Republic modernity Scientific and Technological modernity -------------------------------------- Colonial modernity From 16th to 18th centuries Colonial Latin America Colonial North America Colonial Pacific Islands Colonial Africa Colonial India East Asia China (1839) Japan Islamicate empires (Not colonized) Colonial Latin America African and Creole languages (cultures) African slaves: speaking their own language, though mixed with European languages. Combined different cultures and created syncretic faith, though hardly these traditions became established religions (popular religion). South Carolina and Georgia. Capoeira Plantation Societies Tropical and subtropical regions. 1516 island of Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic). Brazil and the Caribbean. Products: a) Sugar; (b) tobacco; (c) cotton; (d) coffee. Plantations: a distinct culture. Atlantic Zone Rise of African Slavery as a source of labor Not the natives: disease and not sedentary cultivators. ● Portuguese plantation managers imported slaves as early as 1530s. ● 1580s height of Portuguese slavery. ● Average age of a slave at a planet: 5 to 6 years. Trans-Atlantic Slavery: “The Middle-Passage” Enslaved passengers Travelled below Decks in the worst conditions Imaginable. ● Sick slaves: thrown off the vessel. Colonial North America Slavery in North America 1619 Virginia. 1661 Virginia law recognized all blacks as slaves.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Hallmark Dreambook
    2016 CHRISTMAS. IT’S SO MUCH BIGGER THAN AN EVE, OR A DAY. It’s about the anticipation that builds weeks in advance, the décor that transforms our homes, and the culmination of the sights, sounds and people we love. But more than that, it’s about all the moments that led us to right here—the experiences that inspire every ornament our Keepsake Artists craft and create, and the memories that are shared as each creation is hung on the tree. From commemorating long-awaited firsts to celebrating a milestone to simply decorating in a favorite theme, nothing gets to the heart of the moments that truly matter like Keepsake Ornaments. STAY CONNEC TED Hallmark.com/KeepsakeOrnaments Contents MEMORIES & TRADITIONS FAMILY & FRIEND S 2 Miniatures 30 Home, Family & Loved Ones 6 Premium 40 Celebrations 1 0 Santas, Snowmen & Milestones & Frosty Friends 42 Baby & Toddler 16 Magic & Magic Cord 46 Keepsake Kids 20 Vintage Style 22 Favorite Series 26 Spiritual CHARACTERS & INTERESTS KEEPSAKE O RNAMENT CLUB 50 Storytime, 86 Join the Club Playtime & Barbie 56 Mickey & Minnie, Peanuts & Favorite Characters 68 The Wizard of Oz & On-Screen Classics Indicates month available (after Ornament Premiere). 72 Star Trek™, Star Wars™ Available exclusively at & Super Heroes Hallmark Gold Crown stores. Sports Stars Some ornaments only available at participating 78 stores. Designs may vary from image shown. Milestones and Memories 80 Planes, Trains & Wheels Ornament Storage Box Available beginning Gift of 84 Hobbies & Halloween Memories Weekend MEMORIES & TRADITIONS 1 Celebrate the little things WITH SO MANY NEW MINIATURE O RNAMENTS, THERE’S ALWAYS R OOM FOR ONE MORE.
    [Show full text]
  • In a Ctional Feudal Province of Japan, the Uneasy Balance Between
    In a ctional feudal province of Japan, the uneasy balance between secrets and subplots remained quietly—albeit delicately—settled until the day the regional Daimyo discovered the Geisha’s secret. For these many long years the Daimyo had coveted, consulted, and trusted the Geisha. However, during that time she had secretly despised the Daimyo and loved his most loyal samurai in secret. ey bore a child 20 years ago, who has now grown into a formidable young man. Upon discovering the Geisha’s secret relationship, the Daimyo raged and dishonored the samurai, ordering him to kill the Geisha and commit seppuku. e samurai refused and fought his way free, helping the Geisha escape. e samurai was declared a ronin and both were declared fugitives. In hiding, the Geisha’s son began to spread many of the secrets the Daimyo shared with his mother over the years and the Daimyo’s honor began to come into question by the city nobles. Now the Shogun is on his way to the city to consult the Daimyo and uncover the truth. e Daimyo has called all his noble allies and the ronin’s main rival to hunt for the Geisha and the ronin in hopes of exposing the conspiracy against him. Setup 1.Place the Shogun Board in the center of the play area and place the Shogun Track marker on the Shogun Track’s rst space. 2.Place the “Temple” Establishment Board in the center of the play area and place the Rival and Daimyo tiles on it. 3.Separate the Role Cards out by type and build the Role deck according to the number of play- ers (see chart on bottom of next page), returning any unused Role cards to the box.
    [Show full text]
  • Sorrento & Taormina
    Passport must be valid for 6 months after return date for payment by credit card for payment by cash/check EARLY BOOKING INCENTIVE! SEE PAGE 2 FOR DETAILS *Rates are for payment by cash/check. See reservation form for credit card rates. Rates are per person, twin occupancy, and INCLUDE $550 in air taxes, fees, and fuel surcharges (subject to change). OUR SORRENTO & TAORMINA TOUR ITINERARY: DAY 1 – BOSTON~NAPLES: Depart Boston's Logan Airport aboard our transatlantic flight to Naples (via Intermediate City) with food and beverage service, as well as stereo headsets, available while in flight. DAY 2 – NAPLES~SORRENTO: Benvenuti in Italia! Arrival at the Naples Airport where we will be met by our Tour Host who will assist with our transfer. Aboard our private motorcoach, travel to the Sorrento area for check-in at the Hotel Michelangelo (or similar). The remainder of the day is at our leisure to get acquainted with our surroundings. Dinner and overnight at our hotel. (D) Hotel website: https://www.michelangelosorrento.com/ DAY 3 – ISLE OF CAPRI: After breakfast, we will visit the beautiful Isle of Capri! Our full-day excursion includes a round trip ferry ride and a guided sightseeing tour. The town of Capri is very chic with shops, hotels, and restaurants lying along winding streets. The main square, Piazza Umberto, has a pretty white church and several open-air cafes where you can sit and watch the world go by. We’ll stop for lunch along the way. We will also visit the Augustus Gardens and their magnificent view over the Faraglioni Rocks.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogunâ•Žs
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations School of Arts and Sciences October 2012 Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 1 Cecilia S. Seigle Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Economics Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Seigle, Cecilia S. Ph.D., "Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 1" (2012). Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations. 7. https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/7 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/7 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 1 Abstract In this study I shall discuss the marriage politics of Japan's early ruling families (mainly from the 6th to the 12th centuries) and the adaptation of these practices to new circumstances by the leaders of the following centuries. Marriage politics culminated with the founder of the Edo bakufu, the first shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616). To show how practices continued to change, I shall discuss the weddings given by the fifth shogun sunaT yoshi (1646-1709) and the eighth shogun Yoshimune (1684-1751). The marriages of Tsunayoshi's natural and adopted daughters reveal his motivations for the adoptions and for his choice of the daughters’ husbands. The marriages of Yoshimune's adopted daughters show how his atypical philosophy of rulership resulted in a break with the earlier Tokugawa marriage politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Karaoke Songs by Title
    Songs by Title Title Artist Title Artist #9 Dream Lennon, John 1985 Bowling For Soup (Day Oh) The Banana Belefonte, Harry 1994 Aldean, Jason Boat Song 1999 Prince (I Would Do) Anything Meat Loaf 19th Nervous Rolling Stones, The For Love Breakdown (Kissed You) Gloriana 2 Become 1 Jewel Goodnight 2 Become 1 Spice Girls (Meet) The Flintstones B52's, The 2 Become 1 Spice Girls, The (Reach Up For The) Duran Duran 2 Faced Louise Sunrise 2 For The Show Trooper (Sitting On The) Dock Redding, Otis 2 Hearts Minogue, Kylie Of The Bay 2 In The Morning New Kids On The (There's Gotta Be) Orrico, Stacie Block More To Life 2 Step Dj Unk (Your Love Has Lifted Shelton, Ricky Van Me) Higher And 20 Good Reasons Thirsty Merc Higher 2001 Space Odyssey Presley, Elvis 03 Bonnie & Clyde Jay-Z & Beyonce 21 Questions 50 Cent & Nate Dogg 03 Bonnie And Clyde Jay-Z & Beyonce 24 Jem (M-F Mix) 24 7 Edmonds, Kevon 1 Thing Amerie 24 Hours At A Time Tucker, Marshall, 1, 2, 3, 4 (I Love You) Plain White T's Band 1,000 Faces Montana, Randy 24's Richgirl & Bun B 10,000 Promises Backstreet Boys 25 Miles Starr, Edwin 100 Years Five For Fighting 25 Or 6 To 4 Chicago 100% Pure Love Crystal Waters 26 Cents Wilkinsons, The 10th Ave Freeze Out Springsteen, Bruce 26 Miles Four Preps, The 123 Estefan, Gloria 3 Spears, Britney 1-2-3 Berry, Len 3 Dressed Up As A 9 Trooper 1-2-3 Estefan, Gloria 3 Libras Perfect Circle, A 1234 Feist 300 Am Matchbox 20 1251 Strokes, The 37 Stitches Drowning Pool 13 Is Uninvited Morissette, Alanis 4 Minutes Avant 15 Minutes Atkins, Rodney 4 Minutes Madonna & Justin 15 Minutes Of Shame Cook, Kristy Lee Timberlake 16 @ War Karina 4 Minutes Madonna & Justin Timberlake & 16th Avenue Dalton, Lacy J.
    [Show full text]
  • Contents Africa
    People and Culture . .65 VI. The Games . .89 Provincial Administration . .65 ARENA COMBAT . .90 CONTENTS AFRICA . .66 History of the Games . .90 Cities and Landmarks . .66 Combat in the Colosseum . .90 People and Culture . .66 INTRODUCTION . .3 Status and Cost of Living . .39 The Gladiators . .91 Mithradates’ Massacre . .66 Other Gladiator Venues . .92 About the Author . .3 Starting Wealth . .39 EGYPT . .67 About GURPS . .3 Money . .39 A Gladiator’s Life . .93 Cities and Landmarks . .67 Extracurricular Activities . .93 I. Life in Rome . .4 JOB TABLE . .40 People and Culture . .67 The Colosseum, Rome . .93 ROMAN SOCIETY . .5 EQUIPMENT . .42 THE DANUBIAN Men and Beasts . .94 The Family . .5 Common Items . .42 PROVINCES . .67 Spartacus’ Rebellion . .94 Common Roman Housing . .42 Adventure Seeds . .67 Gladiator Classes . .95 Greetings . .5 WEAPONS AND ARMOR . .43 Cities and Landmarks . .68 A DAY AT THE ARENA . .96 Roman Virtues . .5 Legionary Weapons People and Culture . .68 Royal Gladiators . .97 Suicide . .6 and Armor . .43 GREECE AND MACEDONIA . .68 Adventure Seeds . .98 Roman Social Classes . .7 Gladiatorial Weapons Cities and Landmarks . .68 Athletes . .100 Roman News Services . .7 and Armor . .44 People and Culture . .68 Blind Fighters City Encounters . .8 ASIA MINOR . .69 and Exotic Skills . .100 Patrons and Clients . .9 Cities and Landmarks . .69 Fighting vs. Animals . .100 The Legal System . .11 People and Culture . .69 CHARIOT RACING . .101 CITY LIFE . .12 THE NEAR EAST . .69 Dangers of City Administration . .12 Cities and Landmarks . .69 Charioteering . .101 The Streets . .12 People and Culture . .70 A Day at the Races . .102 Shops . .13 BRITAIN . .70 Dirty Tricks .
    [Show full text]
  • Trumpet March 2011 Lms Pam
    THE TRUMPET LAWRENCE MIDDLE SCHOOL/MARCH 2011/VOLUME 6 SPECIAL REMINDER KEEP LMS PEANUT AND NUT FREE By Brianna Burbia and Remy Geier Lawrence Middle School is peanut free. Students are not allowed to bring peanuts or items containing peanuts to school. More than one notice has gone home about peanut awareness and the way in which peanuts and tree nuts are not allowed in the building under any circumstances. The cafeteria, school store and vending machines do not contain items with peanuts in them. LMS is peanut free because many kids have allergies to peanuts; they could suffer from an allergic reaction. What causes an allergic reaction? An allergic reaction occurs when someone’s immune system wrongly thinks that something harmless, such as a tree nut, is actually harmful to the body. Special antibodies, called immunoglobulin E (IgE), are created to fight off the invading proteins in that food. IgE antibodies trigger the release of special chemicals into the body. One of the chemicals is histamine. It can affect a person’s respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, skin and cardiovascular system. This may cause the effects of an allergic reaction, wheezing, stomachache, vomiting, itching, LMS Friendly Snacks hives and swelling. It could even result in death. One of the most common allergies is the tree nut allergy. Many students that attend Lawrence Middle School have a peanut allergy. Many teachers, including Mr. Lee Araoz, Mrs. Lisa King and Mr. Peter Sebor have children at home with peanut and other allergies. Why shouldn't you bring peanuts or items containing peanuts to school? You could cause an allergic reaction.
    [Show full text]
  • Experiences in Sicily Within Our Walls
    EXPERIENCES IN SICILY WITHIN OUR WALLS WELCOME TO SICILY CONTENTS Two dream-like settings in Taormina await WITHIN OUR WALLS 5 our guests. Perched high on the rocky east EXPLORE TAORMINA 19 coast, next to the ancient Greek Theatre, TAKE TO THE WATER 27 Belmond Grand Hotel Timeo enjoys DISCOVER MOUNT ETNA 39 stunning views over the glittering sea AROUND SICILY 47 and majestic Mount Etna. Belmond Villa CALENDAR OF EVENTS 62 Sant’Andrea, set on its own private beach in Taormina Mare, is a lush hideaway on a CATEGORIES serene turquoise bay. Guests are welcome ACTIVE to enjoy the facilities at both, hopping on the private shuttle that takes just 15 CELEBRATION minutes. When you can tear yourself away, CHILD FRIENDLY Sicily’s enticing attractions range from baroque towns, idyllic islands and artisan CULTURE shops to the marvels of Etna herself. FOOD AND WINE Just talk to the Concierge and a host NATURE of activities can be arranged. SHOPPING BELMOND GRAND HOTEL TIMEO TAORMINA 3 Within our walls 5 WITHIN OUR WALLS ARANCINI AND CHAMPAGNE EVENINGS Indulge in Sicilian street food accompanied by elegant French fizz on Belmond Grand Hotel Timeo’s celebrated Literary Terrace. Arancini—deep-fried, ragu-filled rice balls—are a delicious regional speciality with an ancient history. They were first introduced in the 800s by Arab invaders, who imported rice and saffron to the island. However, subsequent refinements, such as coating the balls in breadcrumbs to make them easily portable, have given the savoury snacks a distinctly Sicilian twist—so much so that no visit to the island is complete without a taste of a crunchy, golden arancino.
    [Show full text]
  • The Caste System
    Name ______________________________ Mod ____ Global Studies Ms. Pojer HGHS The caste system In ancient India, society was organized so that each specialized job was performed by a specific group, or caste. The interdependence of all of the various castes was recognized, and each one was considered necessary to the society as a whole. In the earliest known mention of caste, perhaps dating from about 1000 B.C.E., the metaphor (symbol) of the human body was used to describe Indian society. This metaphor stresses the idea of hierarchy as well as that of interdependence. The brahman, or priestly, caste represents society's head; the kshatriya, or warrior, caste are its arms; the vaishya caste—traders and landowners—are the legs; and the sudra caste—the servants of the other three—are the feet. These four castes—brahman, kshatriya, vaishya, and sudra—are the classical four divisions of Hindu society. In practice, however, there have always been many subdivisions (J'atis) of these castes. 1. THE FOUR VARNA: The word caste comes from the Portuguese word castas, meaning "pure." This Portuguese word expresses one of the most central values of Indian society: the idea of ritual purity. In India, however, the word varna, or "color," denotes the fourfold division of Indian society. The word varna may have been used because each of the four castes was assigned a specific color as its emblem. In Hindu religious texts, the dharma—the law, or duty—of each varna is described. It was thought that this dharma was an inherited, or inborn, quality. Consequently, people thought that if intermarriages took place, there would be much confusion as to the dharma of the next generation of children.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015-16 Song Packet
    Bus Driver Appreciation Day THE FLINTSTONES Sing to the tune of “Meet the Flintstones” Bus drivers. Meet our bus drivers. They’re the finest drivers they can be. From our town so friendly They will make our rides fond memories. Lets ride with our classmates down the street Rest assured of safe trips through our beat. When you’re with our bus drivers Have a Yabba Dabba Doo ride. A Dabba Doo ride. You’ll have a safe, good ride. Smiling, strong, Cu­sto­di­ans Smiling, strong, Cu­sto­di­ans Smiling, strong, Cu­sto­di­ans Heroes in the school halls! Cleaning power! Here we go, it’s the tight, mean custodian team, On the scene, cool friends doin’ maintenance things, So extreme, cleans the grounds like laser beams Get Rocked, with the mechanical kings! Can’t stop these radical dudes! Their skills and their strengths made the chosen few! The whole school and grounds is their domicile The good germs live and the bad germs die! Janitors, they lead the crew! Does anything it takes to keep the school like new! Custodians are the fellows, have a way with machines! They polish all the floors and everything in between! Physically strong! They’re one of a kind! And you know just where to find them when it’s clean up time! They’ve got muscle, and talent and a­bil­i­ty. To be one lean, mean, clean, incredible team! Smiling, strong, Cu­sto­di­ans Smiling, strong, Cu­sto­di­ans Smiling, strong, Cu­sto­di­ans Heroes in the school halls! Cleaning power! It’s not that unusual When every tummy’s fed and full It’s just another ordinary miracle today.
    [Show full text]