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Nuevos Registros De Pezizales (Pezizomycetes, Ascomycota) En México

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Nuevos Registros De Pezizales (Pezizomycetes, Ascomycota) En México NUEVOS REGISTROS DE PEZIZALES (PEZIZOMYCETES, ASCOMYCOTA) EN MÉXICO T. RAYMUNDO 1, S. BAUTISTA-HERNÁNDEZ 1, E. AGUIRRE-ACOSTA 2, S. AGUILAR3, R. VALENZUELA 1* 1 Laboratorio de Micología, Depto. de Botánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN. México 2 Colección de hongos, Herbario Nacional de México, Depto. de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, UNAM. México 3 Laboratorio de Micología, Depto. de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, UNAM. México. * [email protected] Summary. RAYMUNDO T., S. BAUTISTA-HERNÁNDEZ, E. AGUIRRE-ACOSTA, S. AGUILAR & R. VALENZUELA. New records of Pezizales (Pezizomycetes, Ascomycota) in México. Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 36: 13-21. Geopyxis majalis, Otidea bufonia, Peziza limnaea and Plectania nannfeldtii are described and illustrated for the first time from Mexico. These species were found in coniferous forest in State of Mexico, Durango, Nayarit and Oaxaca. The specimens are deposited in fungal collection of ENCB Herbarium with some duplicates in MEXU Herbarium. Key words: Pezizaceae, Pyronemataceae, Sarcosomataceae. Resumen. RAYMUNDO T., S. BAUTISTA-HERNÁNDEZ, E. AGUIRRE-ACOSTA, S. AGUILAR & R. VALENZUELA. Nuevos registros de Pezizales (Pezizomycetes, Ascomycota) en México. Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 36: 13-21. Se describen e ilustran a Geopyxis majalis, Otidea bufonia, Peziza limnaea y Plectania nannfeldtii por primera vez para México, estas especies se encuentran creciendo en bosques de coníferas en los estados de Durango, México, Nayarit y Oaxaca. Los especímenes estudiados se encuentran depositados en la colección de hongos del Herbario ENCB, con algunos duplicados en el Herbario MEXU. Palabras clave: Pezizaceae, Pyronemataceae, Sarcosomataceae. INTRODUCCIÓN nan que se han descrito 1683 especies de Pezi- zales en el mundo; MEDEL (2006) consideró al El orden Pezizales se caracteriza por presentar orden Pezizales como el mejor estudiado de los ascas operculadas, ascomas de tipo apotecio con Ascomycota para México, con 146 especies re- diversos hábitos como los epigeos, semiepigeos gistradas, equivaliendo al 8,6 % del total a nivel e hipogeos, las ascósporas son unicelulares, con mundial. simetría bilateral, globosas a elipsoides y ocasio- nalmente fusoides, lisas u ornamentadas; pueden MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ser saprobias, micorrícicas o parásitas (HANSEN & PFISTER, 2006). KIRK & al., (2008) mencio- Los especímenes recolectados fueron fotogra- Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 36. 2012 13 T. RAYMUNDO, S. BAUTISTA-HERNÁNDEZ, E. AGUIRRE-ACOSTA, S. AGUILAR, R. VALENZUELA fiados in situ, posteriormente, se caracterizaron, la determinación de las especies se utilizaron las deshidrataron, desinfectaron, etiquetaron y depo- obras de KANOUSE (1948), DENNIS (1981), sitaron en la Colección de Hongos del Herbario BREITENBACH & KRÄNZLIN (1984) y MO- de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas RENO & MANJÓN (2010). del I.P.N. (ENCB) con duplicados en la Colección de hongos del Herbario Nacional de México del RESULTADOS Instituto de Biología de la UNAM (MEXU). Los caracteres micromorfológicos se describieron si- Familia Pyronemataceae guiendo los lineamientos propuestos por DEN- Geopyxis majalis (Fr.) Sacc. NIS (1981). Los dibujos fueron hechos a escala y Material estudiado: DURANGO: Municipio de para su elaboración se utilizó una cámara clara y Pueblo Nuevo, Bosque Las Bayas, alrededores de un microscopio marca Zeiss modelo K-7 y las fo- las cabañas, LN 23º 29´47.4”, LW 104º 49´10.7”, tografías fueron tomadas con una cámara digital 2783 m, creciendo gregario en suelo bajo conífe- Nikon Coolpix 4300. El significado de algunos ras, en este caso asociado a Juniperus depeanna, términos se basó en el Diccionario Ilustrado de 22-VIII-2008, leg. T. Raymundo & R. Valenzuela Micología de ULLOA & HANLIN (2006). Para 2350 (ENCB). OAXACA: Municipio Santa Ca- Fig. 1.- Geopyxis majalis. A. Apotecios (x 0,3), B. Detalle de los apotecios (x 1), C. Ascósporas elipsoidales, D. Ascóspora con superficie rugosa al M.E.B. 14 Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 36. 2012 NUEVOS REGISTROS DE PEZIZALES (PEZIZOMYCETES, ASCOMYCOTA) EN MÉXICO tarina Ixtepeji, Santa Martha Latuvi, El Pinabe- ymundo & R. Valenzuela 2462 (ENCB, MEXU te, creciendo en suelo en bosque de Abies gua- 27039). temalensis, 3-IX-2011, leg. T. Raymundo 3870 (ENCB). Distribución: Esta especie ha sido mencionada de Europa y España por GERHARDT & al. (2000) y Distribución: Ha sido citada de Lituania por en España la han mencionado de la provincia de KUTORGA (2002); de España por SIQUIER & Navarra y la región de Madrid por MORENO & al. (2011); de Holanda por LAMMERS & al. MANJÓN (2010). (2007). Fructificaciones en apotecios cupuliformes, Fructificaciones en apotecios cupulados con de 10-35 mm de diám., aislados o agregados. un lado no soldado lateralmente y convoluto, dán- Superficie himenial lisa, de color naranja rosa- dole forma auricular, de 50-60 mm de altura, con do a salmón. Excípulo ectal de la misma co- la base atenuada formando un corto pie. Super- loración del himenio a naranja pálido. Margen ficie himenial de pardo ocrácea a pardo oscura, blanquecino y crenado (Fig. 1 A-B). Pie central llegando a ser negra en algunas partes. Excípulo a excéntrico, poco patente. Ascósporas amplia- ectal ferrugineo obscuro, pardo ocráceo o con- mente elípticas (Fig. 1 C), de 17-19 x 7-9 µm, coloro con la superficie himenial. Margen más de paredes gruesas y rugosas (Fig. 1 D). Ascos oscuro a negro, liso a undulado, llegando a ser con ocho esporas uniseriadas, de 180-210 x 9- irregular en la madurez (Fig. 2 A-B). Ascósporas 10 µm, hialinos, claviformes, de pared gruesa, elipsoidales con dos gotas lipídicas (Fig. 2 C), de de hasta 1,2 µm de grosor. Paráfisis filiformes, 13-15 x 5-7 µm, hialinas, con pared delgada y li- septadas, simples o a veces ramificadas en la sas (Fig. 2 D). Ascos de 160-200 x 10-12 µm, ci- base, algunas con el ápice bifurcado y achatado líndricos, hialinos, con ocho esporas uniseriadas. y otras con proyecciones lobuladas o nodulosas, Paráfisis filiformes, ramificadas, septadas, con el de 180-210 x 1,6-2,4 µm. Excípulo medular con ápice ganchudo o curvado, de 3 µm de diám. textura globulosa-angularis, formada por célu- las globosas y angulares, hialinas, de paredes Observaciones: Una especie similar es Otidea delgadas. Excípulo ectal con textura globulosa- cochleata (L.) Fuckel que presenta apotecios con angularis, formada por células globosas y angu- una coloración uniforme, de color rojizo canela lares, hialinas, de paredes gruesas y de mayor a pardo rojizo y sus esporas son más grandes de diámetro que el excípulo medular. 17-20 x 9,5-12 µm como lo señalan GERHARDT & al. (2000). Observaciones: Una especie afín es Geopyxis carbonaria, la cual se separa por sus apotecios de Familia Pezizaceae color marrón con margen blanco muy evidente, Peziza limnaea Maas Geest. de crenulado a lacerado, y siempre se encuentra Material estudiado: DURANGO: Municipio de creciendo sobre madera quemada; microscópica- Pueblo Nuevo, Bosque Las Bayas, 23° 26’ 20.3” mente las esporas son más pequeñas, de 12-16 x LN, 104° 50’ 57.8” LW, 2832 m, creciendo en 6-8 µm según MORENO & MANJÓN (2010) o suelo en bosque de Abies durangensis y Pseudot- de 11-17 x 7-9 µm, como recientemente lo men- suga menziesii, 3-VIII-2009, leg. T. Raymundo & cionaron UZUN & al. (2010) quienes señalan que R. Valenzuela 3072 (ENCB, MEXU 27041). son lisas. Distribución: Esta especie ha sido citada de Espa- Otidea bufonia (Pers.) Boud. ña (DE LA TORRE & CALONGE, 1977), Gran Material estudiado: NAYARIT: Municipio de Te- Bretaña (SPOONEER, 2001) y Japón (NAGAO pic, La Noria, LN 21º 30´21”, LW 104º 59´03.5”, & FUKLHARU, 2000). 1402 m., en hojarasca de Pinus y Quercus en bos- que mesófilo de montaña, 2-X-2008, leg. T. Ra- Fructificaciones en apotecios discoidales a Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 36. 2012 15 T. RAYMUNDO, S. BAUTISTA-HERNÁNDEZ, E. AGUIRRE-ACOSTA, S. AGUILAR, R. VALENZUELA Fig. 2.- Otidea bufonia. A. Apotecios (x 0,3), B. Detalle de los apotecios (x 0,5), C. Ascósporas elipsoidales, D. Ascósporas con superficie lisa al M.E.B. irregulares, de 30-80 mm de diám., sésil o con Observaciones: Peziza limnaea se distingue por una base estrechada formando un corto pie. presentar apotecios gregarios, grandes, de tona- Superficie himenial de pardo amarillento con lidades oliváceas en fresco y la ornamentación tonos oliváceos a verde oliváceos, negruzcos al verrugosa de sus ascósporas es un carácter que la madurar, lisa. Excípulo ectal concoloro cuando separa de la mayoría de las especies pardas del gé- joven, después ligeramente más oscuro. Mar- nero Peziza que presentan verrugas redondeadas gen liso a ligeramente crenado, concoloro con y aisladas, excepto en P. badia Pers. que llega a el excípulo ectal (Fig. 3 A-B). Ascósporas elips- formar un retículo incompleto, carácter que no se oides a oblongas (Fig. 3 G), de 16-20 x 6,4-10,4 forma en esta especie (GERHARDT & al., 2000). µm, hialinas a amarillentas, amiloides, verru- gosas, con verrugas oblongas con conexiones Familia Sarcosomataceae laberínticas, unidas en algunas partes pero sin Plectania nannfeldtii Korf formar una red (Fig. 3 H). Ascos claviformes a Material estudiado: DURANGO: Municipio de cilíndricos, de 260-280 x 12-14,4 µm, hialinos, Pueblo Nuevo, Bosque Las Bayas, 23° 26’ 20.3” con el ápice amiloideo, octosporados, con es- LN, 104° 50’ 57.8” LW, 2832 m, creciendo en poras uniseriadas a irregularmente distribuidas ramas de Abies durangensis, 19-IX-2007, leg. (Fig. 3 C); paráfisis filiformes, algunas bifur- T. Raymundo & R. Valenzuela 1760 (ENCB, cadas desde la base, de 280 x 5 µm, septadas, MEXU 27040). ESTADO DE MEXICO: Mu- hialinas, con el ápice ligeramente ensanchado nicipio de Zinacantepec, El mapa, Km 22 de (Fig. 3 D). la carretera Toluca-Temascaltepec, creciendo en 16 Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 36. 2012 NUEVOS REGISTROS DE PEZIZALES (PEZIZOMYCETES, ASCOMYCOTA) EN MÉXICO Fig. 3.- Peziza limnaea. A-B. Apotecios (x 1), C. Ascos, D. Paráfisis, E. Excípulo medular, F.
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