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Foodways and Cultural Identity in Roman Republican Italy by Laura

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Foodways and Cultural Identity in Roman Republican Italy by Laura Foodways and Cultural Identity in Roman Republican Italy By Laura M. Banducci A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Classical Art and Archaeology) in the University of Michigan 2013 Doctoral Committee: Professor Nicola Terrenato, chair Assistant Professor Ruth R. Caston Professor Elaine K. Gazda Professor Sharon C. Herbert Professor Carla M. Sinopoli “Increased self-esteem amongst pottery specialists might bring to the surface thoughtful economic and cultural discussions that are currently rather difficult to locate in excavation reports and specialist periodicals; this might encourage them to contribute broader papers to JRA. Their specialty Would simultaneously become more satisfying in itself, and make a higher-profile contribution to the overall interpretation of a project.” -Greene, K. 2005. “Roman pottery: models, proxies and economic interpretation.” Journal of Roman Archaeology 18, 52. © Laura M. Banducci 2013 Acknowledgements I Would like to express my appreciation for the support and guidance of my advisor, Nicola Terrenato. His optimism, patience, and insightful suggestions have been invaluable at each stage of my research. I am also indebted to Carla Sinopoli, Elaine Gazda, Sharon Herbert, and Ruth Caston for their advice throughout this work, for reading drafts, and alWays offering detailed comments. I have appreciated their enthusiasm and encouragement. I am grateful to the funding agencies Which contributed to the pursuit of my doctorate and supported my dissertation fieldWork: the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Rackham Graduate School, and the Interdepartmental Program in Classical Art and Archaeology, the International Center at the University of Michigan, and the British School at Rome. At Populonia, my sincere gratitude goes to Letizia Gualandi and Daniele Manacorda, Who not only gave me access to their excavated material and digital records, but Welcomed me to a field season in 2011 and shared a living space With me. I also owe thanks to their current and past students in Pisa (Ornella Raffo, Antonio Campus, Costanza Quaratesi, Francesco Ghizzani, and Cristina Mileti) for sharing their Work and their impressions of the site With me. Thank you to the Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della Toscana for permission to study the Populonia material. I Was immeasurably fortunate in Rome to be introduced to Vincent Jolivet, the director of the Musarna excavations and a Wonderful human being. His kindness and joviality is matched only by his capacity to get things done: permissions obtained, vans borroWed, materials delivered, lunches served. I also benefited from our many conversations regarding the site and the state of ceramics research in Italy. Martine Dewailly, director of the archaeological laboratory at the École française, Was very helpful in providing access to the Musarna excavation records and unpublished reports and theses. ii Julie Léone and Edwige Lovergne Were Wonderfully collegial in explaining their Work and experiences at the site. Thank you also to the Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici dell'Etruria meridionale for permission to study the Musarna material. I benefited greatly from conversations With Elizabeth Robinson, Anna Gallone, Ted Peña, Archer Martin, Bartek Lis, Angela Trentacoste, Gill Clark, Letizia Ceccarelli, Roberta Cascino, Jordi Principal, and Hilary Cool (even though she disapproves of the term “foodWays”). In the early stages of my database design, I also received very helpful advice from Sebastian Encina and Suzanne Davis at the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology. At the British School at Rome, I found a rich environment for research and a great space to complete my data collection. Thank you to Christopher Smith, Sophie Hay, and Stephan Kay for arranging laboratory space for me in the Camerone. Thank you very much to Robyn Veal for being ever encouraging about the marriage of scientific research and classical archaeology, and generally being a fun lab partner. Thank you also to Jane Draycott and Elizabeth Richley for spending time With me reconstructing pots and preparing animal bones for analysis. Regarding the faunal data discussed in this dissertation, thank you to Monica Gala, Beatrice Pina Urìa, and Antonio Tagliacozzo at the Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico Luigi Pigorini for their stimulating conversation regarding the state of the remains at Musarna Which prompted me to engage the services of Michael MacKinnon. To him I oWe an enormous debt of gratitude for his generosity, and for his timely and detailed Work on the faunal remains. I also benefited from the fast and helpful exchanges I had With Jacopo De Grossi Mazzorin regarding his work at Populonia. In Michigan, thank you to the staff at the Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, especially Melissa Plegue. My colleagues in IPCAA and the Classics department, especially my cohort (Henry Colburn, Jason Farr, Ryan Hughes, Lynley McAlpine, and Marcello Mogetta), have been an important source of friendship and collegiality – I don’t think we realize hoW good we’ve had it. My colleagues at the Gabii Project have also provided Wonderful camaraderie and adventuring. My sincere thanks also go to the Telluride House community, for their stimulating conversion and passionate argumentation at all hours of the day and night. iii I am forever grateful to the Fanucchi family, Luigi, Laura and Anna, for their hospitality and providing a home aWay from home in Tassignano. They are my “parents in Italy” for a reason. Love and deep thanks to my actual parents in Canada, Louise Pivato and Biagio Banducci, for supporting my endeavours longer than anyone and for sending me on the path to my current work by inspiring my earliest interests in history. Finally, thank you to my partner, Joseph Beals, for his years of encouragement – fervent advocacy, enthusiasm, brainstorming, diagramming, and editing. Despite all of the above assistance, errors and omissions are my oWn. iv Table of Contents Acknowledgements..............................................................................................................................ii List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................viii List of Figures........................................................................................................................................xi List of Appendices ............................................................................................................................ xvi Abstract............................................................................................................................................... xvii Chapter 1 – Introduction.....................................................................................................................1 1.1. Foodways and Identity..........................................................................................................................1 1.2. Roman Italy in the Republican Period.............................................................................................3 1.3. Conceptions of “culture” .......................................................................................................................5 1.4. Traditional approaches to Roman foodways in the Republic..................................................8 1.5. Artifact studies and foodways ......................................................................................................... 12 1.6. New methods for ceramic analysis ................................................................................................ 15 1.7. The role of environmental archaeology....................................................................................... 17 1.8. Food in Latin literature and the development of romanitas................................................. 19 1.9. Chapter outline ..................................................................................................................................... 20 Chapter 2 - Food in Republican Literature ................................................................................. 23 2.1. Interwoven dichotomies.................................................................................................................... 24 2.2. Ennius ...................................................................................................................................................... 27 2.2.1. The Greek Precedent.......................................................................................................................................30 2.2.2. Ennius on the sources of fish.......................................................................................................................31 2.3. The place of food in comedic genres.............................................................................................. 35 2.3.1. Plautus...................................................................................................................................................................35 2.3.2. Lucilius and Satire............................................................................................................................................47 2.4. Knowledge economy in didactic texts..........................................................................................
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