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The Case of Coal SUSTAINABLE GLOBAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF COAL LE DÉVELOPPEMENT ÉNERGÉTIQUE MONDIAL DURABLE: LE CAS DU CHARBON A Report of the World Energy Council July 2004 World Energy Council Sustainable Global Energy Development: The Case of Coal Sustainable Global Energy Development: THE CASE OF COAL Copyright 2004 World Energy Council All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright holder. Published July 2004 by: World Energy Council 5th Floor, Regency House 1-4 Warwick Street London W1B 5LT United Kingdom www.worldenergy.org ISBN 0 946121 14 1 ii World Energy Council Sustainable Global Energy Development: The Case of Coal Officers of the World Energy Council Antonio del Rosario Norberto de Franco Medeiros Chair World Energy Council Chair Programme Committee Philip Aiken Shige-etsu Miyahara Vice Chair Sydney 2004 Vice Chair Asia François Ailleret Kieran O’Brien Chair Studies Committee Vice Chair Europe Asger Bundgaard-Jensen Fred Phaswana Vice Chair Finance Vice Chair Africa John Derrick Carlos Pierro Vice Chair North America Vice Chair Latin America/Caribbean Alioune Fall Gerald Doucet Vice Chair GEIS Initiative Secretary General Member Committees of the World Energy Council Algeria Guinea Paraguay Angola Hong Kong, China Peru Argentina Hungary Philippines Australia Iceland Poland Austria India Portugal Bangladesh Indonesia Romania Belarus Iran (Islamic Rep.) Russian Federation Belgium Ireland Saudi Arabia Bolivia Israel Senegal Botswana Italy Serbia & Montenegro Brazil Japan Singapore Bulgaria Jordan Slovakia Cameroon Kenya Slovenia Canada Korea (Rep.) South Africa China Latvia Spain Congo (Dem. Rep.) Lebanon Sri Lanka Côte d’Ivoire Libya/GSPLAJ Swaziland Croatia Lithuania Sweden Czech Republic Luxembourg Switzerland Denmark Macedonia (Rep.) Syria (Arab Rep.) Ecuador Mali Taiwan, China Egypt (Arab Rep.) Mexico Tanzania El Salvador Monaco Thailand Estonia Mongolia Trinidad & Tobago Ethiopia Morocco Tunisia Finland Namibia Turkey France Nepal Ukraine Gabon Netherlands United Kingdom Georgia New Zealand United States Germany Niger Uruguay Ghana Nigeria Venezuela Greece Pakistan Yemen iii World Energy Council Sustainable Global Energy Development: The Case of Coal TABLE OF CONTENTS Page WEC Officers and Member Committees ………………………………………..…………….iii Foreword ...................................................................................................................................vii Foreword and Acknowledgements...........................................................................................viii Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 1 PART I: GLOBAL ANALYSIS................................................................................... 19 Chapter 1: Coal Demand and Trade: Growth and Structural Change in a Competitive World Market 20 Christine Copley, World Coal Institute Chapter 2: Coal Production, Productivity and Profitability: The Promise of 33 Restructuring, Integration and Consolidation Zygmunt Borkowski, Kompania Wcglowa S. A. Chapter 3: Coal Mining Technologies: The Road to Efficiency and Acceptability 61 Martin Wedig, Michael Schütze, RAG Coal International AG, Eckart C. Günther, Hans-Wilhelm Schiffer, RWE Power AG, and Günter Dach, German Hard Coal Association Chapter 4: Coal-based Power Plant Technology: A Competitive and Efficient Bridge to a Benign Future 87 Wolfgang Benesch, Steag Encotec GmbH, Eckart C. Günther and Hans-Wilhelm Schiffer, RWE Power AG Chapter 5: Forging Internationally Consistent Energy and Coal Policies 117 Léopold Janssens, Christopher Cosack, Euracoal Chapter 6: Global and Regional Coal Demand Perspectives to 2030 and 131 Beyond Klaus Brendow, Regional Coordinator Central/East Europe PART II: COAL STATISICS…….………………….………………….……...…….149 Compiled by Jan Solinski, WEC Polish Member Committee Table 1: Total World Primary Energy Supply (Mtoe)………………….……..…….……150 Table 2: World Primary Energy Supply – Regional Aggregate (Mtoe) Table 3: Primary Energy Supply/Population – Regional Aggregate (toe per capita) Table 4: Proved Recoverable Coal Sources – at the end of 2002 (Mt)…………..…. …...151 Table 5: World Hard Coal Balance (Mt). Table 6: Hard Coal Production – Selected Countries (Mt………………………….…….152 Table 7: Hard Coal Production – Regional Aggregate (Mt) Table 8: Coking Coal Production – Selected Countries (Mt).…….………………….......153 Table 9: Steam Coal Production – Selected Countries (Mt) Table 10: Hard Coal Imports – Selected Countries (Mt)……………………………….….154 Table 11: Coking Coal Imports – Selected Countries (Mt) Table 12: Steam Coal Imports– Selected Countries (Mt) iv World Energy Council Sustainable Global Energy Development: The Case of Coal Table 13: Hard Coal Exports – Selected Countries (Mt)………………………………….155 Table 14: Coking Coal Exports – Selected Countries (Mt) Table 15: Steam Coal Exports – Selected Countries (Mt) Table 16: Hard Coal Consumption – Selected Countries (Mt)…….………..……….……156 Table 17: Hard Coal Supply and End-Use (Mt) Table 18: Hard Coal Consumption – Regional Aggregates (Mt) Table 19: Coking Coal Consumption – Selected Countries (Mt)...……….………………157 Table 20: Steam Coal Consumption – Selected Countries (Mt) Table 21: Brown Coal Production – Selected Countries (Mt)..…..…… …...………….....158 Table 22: Brown Coal Demand – Selected Countries (Mt) Table 23: Electricity Production from Coal – Selected Countries…………...…….……...159 Table 24: Steam Coal Costs Import (Average Unit Value, CIF, US$/t)………….……….160 Table 25: Cooking Coal Costs Import (Average Unit Value, CIF, US$/t) Table 26: End-Use Steam Coal Prices for Electricity Generation and Coking Coal…...…161 Prices for Industry in OECD Selected Countries in US$/t (converted using exchange rate) Table 27: Employees in Hard Coal Industries for Selected Countries – Main Producers (thousands) Table 28: Productivity in Hard Coal Industries for Selected Countries ……………….….162 (1000t/man-year) Table 29: Labour Costs in Hard Coal Industries for Selected Countries (US$/t) PART III: CASE STUDIES (Available on CD) CS1. The Global Image of Coal Charlotte Griffiths, UNECE, Switzerland CS2. Globalisation and Consolidation in the Coal Industry Christine Copley, World Coal Institute, United Kingdom CS3. World Coal Trade George E. Edwards, International Coal Services P/L, Australia CS4. Trade in Coking Coal and Steam Coal Dr Hans-Wilhelm Schiffer, RWE Power AG, Germany CS5. Coal Marketing João Alberto Soraes, Brazil CS6. Actual and Projected Coal Prices: an Inter-Fuel Comparison Lydia Gawlik, Minerals & Energy Economy Research Institute, Poland CS7. International Research on Clean Coal John Topper, IEA Clean Coal Centre, United Kingdom CS8. Clean Coal Combustion in Small and Medium-Sized Boilers in Central and Eastern Europe Dr. Klaus Brendow, WEC Regional Coordinator, Central/East Europe, WEC CS9. Project Advances in Mining Equipment Dr. G. Dach, German Hard Coal Association, Germany CS10. Lignite-Based Power Plant Technologies Dr. Hans-Wilhelm Schiffer, RWE Power AG, Germany CS11. The Use of Low Grade Coals David Turik Chazan, José Carlos Carvalho da Cunha, Fernando Luiz Zancan, SIECESC, Brazil Technologies v World Energy Council Sustainable Global Energy Development: The Case of Coal CS12. The Introduction of a Management System According to the Requirements of Quality Standards in the Velenje Coal Mine Dr. Slavko Plazar & Franci Lenart, Velenje Coal Mine, Slovenia CS13. The Energy Outlook for Australian Metallurgical and Thermal Coal Australian Commodities Journal, vol.11, No.1 March 2004 CS14. Brazilian Coal – Its Economic Social and Environmental Impact Fernando Luiz Zancan, SIECESC, Brazil CS15. China’s Domestic Coal Demand – the Direction of Chinese Exports and Imports: the impact on Asian-Pacific Coal Markets Tinghe Li, Shanxi Coal Import & Export Group Corp., China CS16. Coal mining in the Czech Republic Jiří Kalkuš, Severočeské Doly a.s., Chomutov, Czech Republic CS17. Coal As A Driver Of Economic Development – A Case Study relating to India Shashi Kumar, Coal India Limited, India CS18. Coal in Indonesia: Where Has It Come From and Where Is The Industry Going? A.H. Osman, Indonesia CS19. South Africa Case Study Alan Shout, Anglo Coal, South Africa CS20. Coal Resources of Pakistan Hilal Raza, Pakistan CS21. Markets for Lignite Eckart C. Günther, RWE Power AG, Germany CS22. The Russian Coal Sector: Fit for the Future? Excerpts from Energy Strategy for Russia summarised by E. Nekhaev, WEC CS23. Restructuring and Preparation for Privatisation of the Polish Hard Coal Industry: Experiences and Prospects M. Turek, State Hard Coal Restructuring Agency, Poland CS24. Emissions Trading Eckart C. Günther, RWE Power AG, Germany ANNEXES A Bibliography…………………………………………………………………….165 B WEC Study Group Membership……………...……...……………………....…166 C List of Abbreviations……………………………………………….…….…......167 D List of Graphs, Figures and Tables……………...……………...…….…………169 vi World Energy Council Sustainable Global Energy Development: The Case of Coal FOREWORD This study on global coal is a result of the initiative taken by the WEC Polish Member Committee, which also provided much support for its implementation. I would like to thank the study Chair, Mr. Bicki and other Polish members of the study group: Mr. Solinski, Mrs. Gawlik and Mr. Borkowski
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