Korea, a Pitiful Third-Rate Nation
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Chapter Two: Love in Utter Agony Anti-Japanese and Japanese Loathing
Chapter two: Love in Utter Agony Tradition and technology—COMPAQ, foreign-capital computer manufacturer’s ad featuring Korean shamanism Anti-Japanese and Japanese loathing Korean grudge and Japanese resignation An emotion underlying the Korean people’s thinking is a kind of hate called han. In her book, Ms. O Sonfa1, a commentator from Korea, explains “han”: “Han is not just hate, but it comes from a certain kind of frustration or vexation born within oneself when one cannot achieve what one wants or ought to accomplish. When one does not have a concrete target, it comes out as lamentation against oneself and when one finds a concrete target, it comes out as frustration. What matters is that it is regarded as a virtue to dissolve such frustration and then it can become beautiful.” (Sukaato no Kaze [Wind to Skirt]. Sanko-sha.) Professor Furuta Hiroshi at Tsukuba University traces the psycho-cultural origin of “han” to the historical Korean hierarchy and defines han as: “Following the traditional model, under the circumstances where one cannot transfer responsibility to others, han is the accumulated frustration of those placed at the bottom of Korean hierarchical order, and a wish to dissolve it.” (Chosen Minzoku o Yomitoku [Read the Korean People]. Chikuma-shobo.) During the Joseon Dynasty, the traditional classes were, from the upper stratum, the royal family, followed by the yangban (officials), the “upper-middle class”, ordinary citizens and servants. Outside of these strata were the Baekjeong (untouchables). While Japan’s system of Shi--No--Ko--Sho (Samurai—farmers—craftsmen—merchants) was strongly based on occupation, the Korean hierarchy looks a lot like the Indian caste system. -
Living on the Edge: Buraku in Kyoto, Japan
Nataša Visočnik: Living on the edge: Buraku in Kyoto, Japan Living on the edge: Buraku in Kyoto,- Japan Nata{a Viso~nik University of Ljubljana, [email protected] Abstract This article deals with the two districts in the southeast of the Kyōto city, which are known to have been settled by people who are marginalised for various reasons. The research is based on a short fieldwork focuses on two main groups living in the Kyōto buraku and near it: burakumin (eta people) and zainichi Koreans. It also presents their ways of living as marginal communities and the ways they cope with discrimination. The article also considers in greater detail the developments within the life in buraku, focusing particularly on the critical role of machi-zukuri in liberation movements over the course of the 20th to the 21st century. KEYWORDS: marginality, buraku, burakumin (eta people), zainichi Koreans, machi- zukuri Introduction As we move into the 21st century, we might ponder the pithy and insightful epigram by Talleyrand, who asserted that the more things changed, the more they remained the same (in Dennis 2005), which means that despite the ideological and social structural tendencies of the evolving 21st century, where many of the inequities against the weak would weaken or disappear, not much has changed since previous centuries. In this fractured world, many remain unprotected or semi-protected: members of oppressed ethnic groups, women, the young, the old, the impoverished, the lower castes, outcastes or members of suppressed religions, and those who are otherwise persecuted. Marginalised communities face problems all over the world, including in Japan. -
Australian Female Volunteerism in Modern Korea (1889–1941): an Enlightenment Campaign*
Australian Female Volunteerism in Modern Korea (1889–1941): An Enlightenment Campaign* David Kim** Introduction The Australian diplomatic relationship with the People’s Republic of China began in Decem- ber 1972, when Gough Whitlam, together with Richard Nixon of the United States, ceased to recognize the government of Chiang Kai-shek (the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975). However, the foreign relationship between Australia and the Republic of South Korea was launched a decade earlier under the international economic policy of the Menzies government in May 1963. Since that time they have become close trading partners in the Asia-Pacific region. Korea is a key market for Australian minerals, energy, travel and educa- tion services, and Australia is a major market for Korean vehicles, petroleum, and electronic goods and parts. The economic relationship received a boost on 8th April 2014 with the signing of the Korea Australia Free Trade Agreement (KAFTA). The countries have also been engaged in important regional activities as active members of the G20, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) the East Asia Summit (EAS), and used to be non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). What, then, could have precipitated this early and steady rise of official diplomacy and forged the sound economic relationship be- tween the two nations? In this regard, it cannot be denied that decades earlier, there were many Australian females (as well as males) involved in non-government activities in modern Korea (1889–1941). For example, an aunt of the 12th Australian Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies spent 33 years (between 1891 and 1924) in Korea as a volunteer.1 How did female ** This research work was supported by the Korea Foundation (KF). -
Elite Ethnic Koreans in Japanese-Dominated Manchukuo: a Case Study Based on the Thomas Gregory Song Papers Research Thesis Pres
Elite Ethnic Koreans in Japanese-Dominated Manchukuo: A Case Study Based on the Thomas Gregory Song Papers Research Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with research distinction in History in the undergraduate college of The Ohio State University By Yasuhiro Aihara [email protected] Undergraduate Program in History The Ohio State University July 2020 Thesis Advisor: Christopher A. Reed, Department of History Copyright by Yasuhiro Aihara 2020 ii Table of Contents Vita…………………………………………………………………………………..iv Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………..v I. Introduction………………………………………………………………………...1 II. The Song Family’s Elite Status……………………………………………………3 III. The Song Family’s Interaction with Empire……………………………………..11 IV. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….....27 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………29 iii Vita September 24, 1997: Born, Tokyo, Japan June 2016: H.S. Diploma (equivalent), Chongqing No.1 International Studies School in Chongqing, PRC August 2020: Bachelor of Arts, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Fields of Study Main Field: History and International Relation (East Asian) iv Acknowledgement I would like to express my sincerest appreciation to Professors Christopher A. Reed, Philip C. Brown, and Ann Marie L. Davis for their helpful suggestions, criticism, and patience throughout the writing process. I would also like to extend my deepest gratitude to Anastasia Song, who donated Thomas Gregory Song’s Papers to The Ohio State University Libraries, and to Thomas Song, whose story not only provided the inspiration for this thesis, but also prompted me to rethink my own experience of transnational migration. Furthermore, I am grateful to Joseph Henares, Dr. Jing Zhao, and Patrick Nash who proofread multiple drafts of this project and offered encouragement. Of course, any remaining errors are my own. -
The Debate Over Japan's Rising Sun Flag
NIDS コメンタリー第 89 号 The Debate over Japan’s Rising Sun Flag SHOJI Junichiro, Vice President for Academic Affairs No. 89, November 26, 2019 Introduction Korea, just as Germany proscribed the Nazi’s In October 2018, South Korea hosted an international predominant symbol, the swastika (known in German as fleet review off the coast of Jeju Island. Their navy the Hakenkreuz, or “hooked cross”). requested that the vessels of participating countries only In this article, I set aside the Japanese Government’s fly their national flag and the South Korean flag at the legal justifications for displaying the Kyokujitsuki. event. This request was chiefly targeted at Japan because Instead, I analyze a key narrative behind the controversy, South Korea wanted Japanese vessels to refrain from which equates the symbol to the Nazi swastika and flying the Kyokujitsuki, or “Rising Sun Flag,” which is identifies it as a “war crime flag.” the naval ensign of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). 1 The Nazi Swastika: Symbolizing a Regime and its Ideology Japan refused to comply with the request. The Minister of Defense, Itsunori Onodera, replied, “Our naval vessels The swastika is an ancient Sanskrit symbol that can be must display the ensign under domestic laws, according traced back millennia. It has been prominently featured to the Self-Defense Forces Act. Moreover, the United in religions that originated in India, such as Hinduism Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea mandates that and Buddhism. However, in the late nineteenth and early warships must bear an external mark distinguishing the twentieth century, the swastika became entwined with ship’s nationality, and that’s exactly what the flag in nationalist movements, especially in Germany, where it question is.” Since South Korea was unconvinced by this symbolized the Aryan “master race.”1 In the 1920s, the argument, the succeeding Minister of Defense in Japan, Nazi Party adopted the swastika as its official flag. -
The Legalization of Hinomaru and Kimigayo As Japan's National Flag
The legalization of Hinomaru and Kimigayo as Japan's national flag and anthem and its connections to the political campaign of "healthy nationalism and internationalism" Marit Bruaset Institutt for østeuropeiske og orientalske studier, Universitetet i Oslo Vår 2003 Introduction The main focus of this thesis is the legalization of Hinomaru and Kimigayo as the national flag and anthem of Japan in 1999 and its connections to what seems to be an atypical Japanese form of postwar nationalism. In the 1980s a campaign headed by among others Prime Minister Nakasone was promoted to increase the pride of the Japanese in their nation and to achieve a “transformation of national consciousness”.1 Its supporters tended to use the term “healthy nationalism and internationalism”. When discussing the legalization of Hinomaru and Kimigayo as the national flag and anthem of Japan, it is necessary to look into the nationalism that became evident in the 1980s and see to what extent the legalization is connected with it. Furthermore we must discuss whether the legalization would have been possible without the emergence of so- called “healthy nationalism and internationalism”. Thus it is first necessary to discuss and try to clarify the confusing terms of “healthy nationalism and patriotism”. Secondly, we must look into why and how the so-called “healthy nationalism and internationalism” occurred and address the question of why its occurrence was controversial. The field of education seems to be the area of Japanese society where the controversy regarding its occurrence was strongest. The Ministry of Education, Monbushō, and the Japan Teachers' Union, Nihon Kyōshokuin Kumiai (hereafter Nikkyōso), were the main opponents struggling over the issue of Hinomaru, and especially Kimigayo, due to its lyrics praising the emperor. -
2Nd Global Conference Music and Nationalism National Anthem Controversy and the ‘Spirit of Language’ Myth in Japan
2nd Global Conference Music and Nationalism National Anthem Controversy and the ‘Spirit of Language’ Myth in Japan Naoko Hosokawa Max Weber Postdoctoral Fellow European University Institute, Florence Email address: [email protected] Abstract This paper will discuss the relationship between the national anthem controversy and the myth of the spirit of language in Japan. Since the end of the Pacific War, the national anthem of Japan, Kimigayo (His Imperial Majesty's Reign), has caused exceptionally fierce controversies in Japan. Those who support the song claim that it is a traditional national anthem sung since the nineteenth century with the lyrics based on a classical waka poem written in the tenth century, while those opposed to it see the lyrics as problematic for their imperialist ideology and association with negative memories of the war. While it is clear that the controversies are mainly based on the political interpretation of the lyrics, the paper will shed light on the myth of the spirit of language, known as kotodama, as a possible explanation for the uncommon intensity of the controversy. The main idea of the myth is that words, pronounced in a certain manner have an impact on reality. Based on this premise, the kotodama myth has been reinterpreted and incorporated into Japanese social and political discourses throughout its history. Placing a particular focus on links between music and the kotodama myth, the paper will suggest that part of the national anthem controversy in Japan can be explained by reference to the discursive use of the myth. Keywords: National anthem, nationalism, Japan, language, myth 1. -
Myths of Hakkō Ichiu: Nationalism, Liminality, and Gender
Myths of Hakko Ichiu: Nationalism, Liminality, and Gender in Official Ceremonies of Modern Japan Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Teshima, Taeko Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 21:55:25 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194943 MYTHS OF HAKKŌ ICHIU: NATIONALISM, LIMINALITY, AND GENDER IN OFFICIAL CEREMONIES OF MODERN JAPAN by Taeko Teshima ______________________ Copyright © Taeko Teshima 2006 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the GRADUATE PROGRAM IN COMPARATIVE CULTURAL AND LITERARY STUDIES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For a Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2 0 0 6 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Taeko Teshima entitled Myths of Hakkō Ichiu: Nationalism, Liminality, and Gender in Official Ceremonies of Modern Japan and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _________________________________________________Date: 6/06/06 Barbara A. Babcock _________________________________________________Date: 6/06/06 Philip Gabriel _________________________________________________Date: 6/06/06 Susan Hardy Aiken Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. -
8Th September, 2019 South Korea Wants 2020 Olympics Rising Sun Flag Ban
Breaking News English.com Ready-to-Use English Lessons by Sean Banville “1,000 IDEAS & ACTIVITIES Thousands more free lessons FOR LANGUAGE TEACHERS” from Sean's other websites breakingnewsenglish.com/book.html www.freeeslmaterials.com/sean_banville_lessons.html Level 6 - 8th September, 2019 South Korea wants 2020 Olympics Rising Sun flag ban FREE online quizzes, mp3 listening and more for this lesson here: https://breakingnewsenglish.com/1909/190908-rising-sun-flag.html Contents The Article 2 Discussion (Student-Created Qs) 15 Warm-Ups 3 Language Work (Cloze) 16 Vocabulary 4 Spelling 17 Before Reading / Listening 5 Put The Text Back Together 18 Gap Fill 6 Put The Words In The Right Order 19 Match The Sentences And Listen 7 Circle The Correct Word 20 Listening Gap Fill 8 Insert The Vowels (a, e, i, o, u) 21 Comprehension Questions 9 Punctuate The Text And Add Capitals 22 Multiple Choice - Quiz 10 Put A Slash ( / ) Where The Spaces Are 23 Role Play 11 Free Writing 24 After Reading / Listening 12 Academic Writing 25 Student Survey 13 Homework 26 Discussion (20 Questions) 14 Answers 27 Please try Levels 4 and 5 (they are easier). Twitter twitter.com/SeanBanville Facebook www.facebook.com/pages/BreakingNewsEnglish/155625444452176 THE ARTICLE From https://breakingnewsenglish.com/1909/190908-rising-sun-flag.html Amid escalating tensions between South Korea and Japan, the South Korean government has called on Japan to ban any displaying of the Rising Sun flag at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics. This follows a statement by Japan's Olympics organising committee that it sees no problem with the flag. -
An Analysis of Nationalist Influence on Japanese Human Rights Policy
Macalester College DigitalCommons@Macalester College International Studies Honors Projects International Studies Department 4-2019 One Nation, One Race: An Analysis of Nationalist Influence on Japanese Human Rights Policy Garrett J. Schoonover Macalester College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/intlstudies_honors Part of the International and Area Studies Commons, and the Japanese Studies Commons Recommended Citation Schoonover, Garrett J., "One Nation, One Race: An Analysis of Nationalist Influence on Japanese Human Rights Policy" (2019). International Studies Honors Projects. 34. https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/intlstudies_honors/34 This Honors Project is brought to you for free and open access by the International Studies Department at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Studies Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. One Nation, One Race: An Analysis of Nationalist Influence on Japanese Human Rights Policy Garrett Schoonover An Honors Thesis Submitted to the International Studies Department at Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA Faculty Advisor: Nadya Nedelsky April 19, 2019 Schoonover 1 Table of Contents Abstract 3 Acknowledgements 4 Introduction 5 Chapter 1: Literature Review 14 The Nation and Nationalism 15 Japanese National Identity 21 Conclusion 28 Chapter 2: History of Japanese Nationalism -
Dalit Korde Rajabhau Chhaganrao Abstract
http://www.epitomejournals.com Vol. 2, Issue 2, February 2016, ISSN: 2395-6968 Dalit Korde Rajabhau Chhaganrao Assistant Professor Kalikadevi Arts, Commerce and Science College Shirur( Kasar) Tq. Shirur (ka) Dist. Beed. Email : [email protected] Abstract : In the paper, I have tried to show the origin and meaning of ‘Dalit’ words. However, a few examples and proofs of this word are given in this paper. In that, I have given few examples of Dr.B.R.Ambedkar’s ‘Who Were Shudras? In fact, what I want I have it in through this reading and in this paper. Keywords : Dr. B.R.Ambedkar, Dalit, caste, verna, and shudras __________________________________________________________________ Research Paper : Introduction : 91 Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief ©EJ, All rights reserved. http://www.epitomejournals.com Vol. 2, Issue 2, February 2016, ISSN: 2395-6968 The term ‘Dalit' has roots in Sanskrit where the root 'dal' means 'to split, crack, open'. (This Indo- European root appears in German and English in the form of 'dal' or 'tal', meaning 'cut'. In English, 'dale' is a valley, a cut in the ground; in German, 'thal': a tailor is one who cuts; 'to tell a tale' is the same as 'to cut a tally', the cut-marks made by the shepherd on his staff when counting sheep. 'Dalit' has come to mean things or persons who are cut, split, broken or torn asunder, scattered or crushed and destroyed. By coincidence, there is in Hebrew a root 'dal' meaning low, weak, poor. In the Bible, different forms of this term have been used to describe people who have been reduced to nothingness or helplessness. -
The Continuing Practice of Untouchability in India Patterns and Mitigating Influences
SPECIAL ARTICLE The Continuing Practice of Untouchability in India Patterns and Mitigating Influences Amit Thorat, Omkar Joshi The caste (jati)-based practice of untouchability in India, ndia, the largest democracy of the world and the second shifting the focus from the victims of this practice, the most populated nation (comprising 17.5% of the world’s population) (Offi ce of the Registrar General and Census ex-untouchables (Dalits), to the perpetrators, the I Commissioner, India 2011), is also home to the largest concen- non-Dalits is examined by identifying and disaggregating tration of Hindus in the world. According to the 2011 Census of communities that continue to practise untouchability. India, the Hindu population is 79.8%. One of the defi ning fea- The second wave of the India Human Development tures of the Hindu religion is the division of the Hindus into numerous jatis or castes. The Encyclopedia Britannica (2019) Survey data has been used to generate a socio-economic gives the following defi nition of the word jati: profile of those who practise untouchability in India, and “Jati,” also spelled “jat,” refers to caste in Hindu society. The term is check the hypothesis that households with a wider derived from the Sanskrit jāta, “born” or “brought into existence,” and network outside the community than with one within indicates a form of existence determined by birth. In Indian philoso- phy, jati (genus) describes any group of things that have generic char- the community are less likely to practise untouchability, acteristics in common. Sociologically, jati has come to be used univer- and uses a logistic regression model to measure this sally to indicate a caste group among Hindus.