DOCSLIB.ORG

Experiences in Small-Scale Entrepreneurship

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Experiences in Small-Scale Entrepreneurship AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Mackenzie L. Searles for the degree of Master of Arts in Applied Anthropology presented on June 6, 2013 Title: Self-made Women of China: Experiences in Small-scale Entrepreneurship Abstract approved: __________________________________________________________________ Nancy R. Rosenberger The purpose of this study is to examine the lived experiences of women small-scale entrepreneurs in Qingdao, China by placing their collective experiences within relevant social and economic frameworks. This study, conducted in 2011 over a six-month period, applies an ethnographic approach based in modified grounded theory to bring together in- depth interviews and participant observation to answer three research questions: (1) What are the lived experiences of women small-scale entrepreneurs in Qingdao, China and how do they navigate new spaces in contemporary Chinese culture? (2) What factors motivate their entrepreneurship? (3) What barriers and opportunities do they encountered; do women see gender as a barrier? Findings reveal that women entrepreneurs develop small- scale businesses in order to innovate within new cultural spaces, craft preferred lifestyles, and ensure their own autonomy, while negotiating traditional and contemporary expectations surrounding family and marriage. Yet niching occurs in entrepreneurship, as it does in the workforce, and even with great opportunity within gendered niches, women have limited social and economic capital compared with men. ©Copyright by Mackenzie L. Searles June 6, 2013 All Rights Reserved Self-made Women of China: Experiences in Small-scale Entrepreneurship by Mackenzie L. Searles A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Presented June 6, 2013 Commencement June 2013 Master of Arts thesis of Mackenzie L. Searles presented on June 6, 2013. APPROVED: ______________________________________________________________ Major Professor, representing Applied Anthropology ______________________________________________________________ Director of the School of Language, Culture, and Society ______________________________________________________________ Dean of the Graduate School I understand that my thesis will become part of the permanent collection of Oregon State University libraries. My signature below authorizes release of my thesis to any reader upon request. ________________________________________________________________ Mackenzie L. Searles, Author ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not have been possible without the encouragement and guidance of so many amazing, supportive people. I wish to express my heartfelt appreciation to my advisor Dr. Nancy Rosenberger for her guidance and support. I am thankful for the opportunities and experiences I have had while working with Dr. Rosenberger. I also would like to thank my committee: Dr. Bryan Tilt, Dr. Hua-yu Li, and Dr. Janet Lee for your contributions and direction in this process. I am truly thankful to my parents, Douglas and Elizabeth Searles, for their unconditional love, support, and encouragement in life and learning. I also wish to acknowledge Grant McOmie, the love of my life, for his absolute support and encouragement throughout the process. I would also like to thank my friends and fellow graduate students for their support and companionship throughout my graduate school career. I offer my special thanks to Vicky Wang’s invaluable contributions as an interpreter and friend—I could not have done it without you. Last, I wish to thank the women business owners who took the time to share their experiences with me; your narratives are the foundation of this research. I sincerely thank you. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER ONE: Introduction ........................................................................................... 1 Study Purpose ..................................................................................................................... 2 Significance ........................................................................................................................ 3 CHAPTER TWO: Background and Literature Review ...................................................... 5 Modern Historical Shift: Valuing Women in Work ........................................................... 5 Small-scale Entrepreneurship ............................................................................................. 9 Factors that Influence Success in Small-scale Entrepreneurship .............................. 10 Changing Women’s Earning Power through Small-scale Entrepreneurship ............ 12 Industry Niches ......................................................................................................... 13 Flourishing Boutique-Style Businesses ............................................................................ 17 Importance of Personal Character in Entrepreneurship .................................................... 19 Gendered Personal Characteristics ........................................................................... 21 Motivations for Entrepreneurship ..................................................................................... 22 Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................................... 23 CHAPTER THREE: Methods .......................................................................................... 33 Site Description ................................................................................................................. 33 Commercial Area ...................................................................................................... 34 Residential Area ........................................................................................................ 36 Sampling Technique ......................................................................................................... 37 Recruitment and Participant Observation ......................................................................... 40 Rejections .......................................................................................................................... 40 Semi-Structured Interviews .............................................................................................. 41 Data Analysis .................................................................................................................... 42 Limitations ........................................................................................................................ 42 CHAPTER FOUR: Case Studies ...................................................................................... 44 Chen Xin: Entrepreneurship and Work in Marriage ......................................................... 44 Chen Jiahui: Working Divorcee ....................................................................................... 51 Wang Hua: Single City Woman ....................................................................................... 56 CHAPTER FIVE: Experiences in Small-scale Entrepreneurship .................................... 62 Socio-demographic Profile ............................................................................................... 62 Qualitative Results ............................................................................................................ 69 Navigating Gendered Spaces ............................................................................................ 70 Gendered Spaces in Contemporary China ................................................................ 72 Private, Family Space ............................................................................................... 75 Public, Social Space .................................................................................................. 78 Public, Business Space .............................................................................................. 82 Fluidity Among Spaces ............................................................................................. 87 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Crafting an Individual Lifestyle ........................................................................................ 89 Valuing Work ............................................................................................................ 90 Seeking Better Opportunities .................................................................................... 91 Ensuring Individual Autonomy ................................................................................. 94 Balancing Work and Family in Marriage, or Not ..................................................... 95 CHAPTER SIX: Opportunities in Entrepreneurship ...................................................... 100 Recognizing Opportunity ................................................................................................ 100 Personal Characteristics .......................................................................................... 100 Actively Utilizing Networks ................................................................................... 102 Boutique-style Businesses ...................................................................................... 107 Choosing Entrepreneurship ............................................................................................. 109 Process of Starting an Enterprise ...........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction to SDUST and the Academic Tel: Programs We Offer
    Shandong University of Science and Technology 2019 SDUST Our Location SDUST is located in Qingdao West Coast New Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Circle Area which connects the Korea Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban Japan circle with the Yangtze We're located in Qingdao River Delta region. The New Silk Road Economic Belt West Coast New Area Area is the main access of Yangtze River Delta the Yellow River Basin to Yangtze River Basin Economic Belt Economic Belt the sea and an important terminal in the east part of Eurasia Land Bridge, facing Korea and Japan across the sea, which forms a strategic location of radiating the inland, connecting northern and southern China and facing the Pacific Ocean. ASEAN Free Trade Zone A beautiful coastal city and a major tourist destination in China. A noted historic and cultural city. A key transportation hub for East China. One of the fastest growing economies in China with a GDP ranking 12th. Ranks 79th in the Global Financial Centers Index of 2016. The home of extensive investments from 126 of the World Top 500 enterprises. One of China's Most Livable Cities and a National Garden City. THE CITY OF An important seaport city with the world's second longest cross-sea bridge and the world's Top 5 longest undersea QINGDAO tunnel. Hosts the Qingdao International Beer Festival annually, the second largest beer festival in the world. Co-hosted the 29th Olympic Games with Beijing. About the Region Qingdao West Coast New Area New Area Basics On June 3, 2014, Qingdao West New Area was approved by the State Council as the 9th national level new area.
    [Show full text]
  • Satellites HY-1C and Landsat 8 Combined to Observe the Influence of Bridge on Sea Surface Temperature and Suspended Sediment Concentration in Hangzhou Bay, China
    water Article Satellites HY-1C and Landsat 8 Combined to Observe the Influence of Bridge on Sea Surface Temperature and Suspended Sediment Concentration in Hangzhou Bay, China Shuyi Huang 1, Jianqiang Liu 2 , Lina Cai 1,*, Minrui Zhou 1, Juan Bu 1 and Jieni Xu 1 1 Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, China; [email protected] (S.H.); [email protected] (M.Z.); [email protected] (J.B.); [email protected] (J.X.) 2 National Satellite Ocean Application Service (NSOAS), Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 August 2020; Accepted: 13 September 2020; Published: 17 September 2020 Abstract: We analyzed the influence of a cross-sea bridge on the sea surface temperature (SST) and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) of Hangzhou Bay based on landsat8_TIRS data and HY-1C data using an improved single window algorithm to retrieve the SST and an empirical formula to retrieve the SSC. In total, 375 paired sampling points and 70 transects were taken to compare the SST upstream and downstream of the bridge, and nine transects were taken to compare the SSC. The results show the following. (i) In summer, when the current flows through the bridge pier, the downstream SST of the bridge decreases significantly, with a range of 3.5%; in winter, generally, the downstream SST decreases but does not change as obviously as in summer. The downstream SSC increases obviously. (ii) The range of influence of the bridge pier on the downstream SST is about 0.3–4.0 km in width from the bridge and that on the downstream SSC is approximately 0.3–6.0 km.
    [Show full text]
  • Geochina 2016 International Conference
    GEOCHINA 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE Sustainable Civil Infrastructures: Innovative Technologies for Severe Weathers and Climate Changes CONFERENCE PROGRAM SHANDONG, CHINA • JULY 25th ~ 27th, 2016 Hosted by In cooperation with Shandong Department of Transportation, Shandong High Speed Group, GeoChina Civil Infrastructure Association, and University of Oklahoma Co-Sponsors GeoChina International Conference Sustainable Civil Infrastructures: Innovative Technologies for Severe Weathers and Climate Changes th th Shandong, China • July 25 ~ 27 , 2016 Invitation On behalf of the Organizing Committee, we are pleased to invite you to attend the 4th GeoChina International Conference 2016 to be held in Shandong, China from July 25th to 27th, 2016. This Sustainable Civil Infrastructures using Innovative Technologies and Material is endorsed by a number of leading international professional organizations. This conference will provide a showcase for recent developments and advancements in design, construction, and safety Inspections of transportation Infrastructures and offer a forum to discuss and debate future directions for the 21st century. Conference topics cover a broad array of contemporary issues for professionals involved in bridge, pavement, geotechnical, tunnel, railway, and emerging techniques for safety Inspections. You will have the opportunity to meet colleagues from all over the world for technical, scientific, and commercial discussions. Shandong, with a history of more than 5,000 years, is considered one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. It is being developed into a modern international economic, financial, and trade center. Recent rapid construction in China has provided great opportunities for bridge, pavement, geotechnical, and tunnel engineers to use their knowledge and talents to solve many challenging problems involving highway bridge structures, pavements, materials, ground improvement, slopes, excavations, and tunnels with innovative solutions and cutting-edge technologies.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the Hydrodynamic Challenges in the Design Of
    Wei et al. Advances in Bridge Engineering (2020) 1:21 Advances in https://doi.org/10.1186/s43251-020-00020-9 Bridge Engineering REVIEW Open Access Review of the hydrodynamic challenges in the design of elevated pile cap foundations for sea-crossing bridges Kai Wei1* , Cong Zhou1, Mingjin Zhang1, Zilong Ti1 and Shunquan Qin1,2 * Correspondence: kaiwei@home. swjtu.edu.cn Abstract 1Department of Bridge Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, With the increasing demand for land transportation in coastal areas, the number of Chengdu 610031, China sea-crossing bridges has increased rapidly. In the construction of sea-crossing Full list of author information is bridges, the elevated pile cap foundation is one of the most commonly used available at the end of the article foundation types. This paper summarizes four main aspects of the research on the hydrodynamic effects on elevated pile cap foundations through timing analysis and keyword co-occurrence analysis. The relevant studies are reviewed from the aspects of waves, currents, and their interactions; the hydrodynamic load on the elevated pile cap foundation; fluid-structure interactions; and the structural responses of bridges that are supported by elevated pile cap foundations. Finally, the following future prospects for hydrodynamic studies of elevated pile cap foundations for the sea-crossing bridge have been discussed, which include wave-current interaction mechanism, wave-current load, fully coupled fluid-structure interactions, and structural dynamic response under hydrodynamic combined with the other hazards. Keywords: Sea-crossing bridges, Elevated pile cap foundation, Hydrodynamic load, Fluid-structure interaction, Dynamic response, CiteSpace 1 Introduction In recent decades, the demand for land transportation in coastal areas of various coun- tries has continued to grow, which has led to a rapid development stage in the con- struction of sea-crossing bridges (Ti et al.
    [Show full text]
  • China Warns of Tit-For-Tat Over Dairy
    July 2011 China Pulse The Monthly China Journal of Confederation of Indian Industry July 2011- Volume 8 No 7 India & China India-China bilateral trade (Jan-May 2011) Trade Value Change Total trade $29.3 bn Up 17.1% India’s imports from China $18.5 bn Up 24.7% India’s exports to China $10.8 bn Up 6.1% India’s deficit $7.7 bn Source: http://www.customs.gov.cn/publish/portal0/tab1/info304902.htm CII & China CII IBF China organizes a session on China's 12th Five-Year Plan CII IBF China on 2 June 2011 organized an interactive session on China's 12th Five-Year Plan in Shanghai. Ms Mary Boyd, Director, Shanghai Corporate Network, Economist Intelligence Unit, the Economist Group was the guest speaker at this session. She spoke on important aspects of future development and the impact on key industries that foreign companies have set up in China. Her presentation also focused on various developmental policies China will be adopting during the 12th plan period. The discussions generated lot of interest among the participants. Around 50 representatives of various Indian companies attended the session. Ms Mary Boyd, Director, Economist Intelligence Unit, The Economist Group Shanghai speaking at the session on China's 12th Five Year Plan, Shanghai, June 2, 2011 6th China-South Asia Business Forum A CII delegation led by Mr Sandipan Chakravortty, Past Chairman, CII (ER) participated in the 6th South Asia Business (CSAB) Forum on June 5-6, 2011 in Kunming, Yunnan. CII in association with CCPIT Yunnan also organized an exclusive session on “Doing Business in China” during the CSAB Forum meeting.
    [Show full text]
  • Alleged Insider Trading Casts Doubts on Oil Deal
    16 businesscompanies WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 1, 2012 CHINA DAILY Future is Crystal-clear Alleged insider trading after London spectacular By GAO YUAN ics industry is in the primary casts doubts on oil deal [email protected] stage, and the industry will only grow when a fully func- At the Olympic Games tioning industrial chain is CONNECTIONS BEING INVESTIGATED opening ceremony on Friday, formed,” said Deng Bohong, But analysts still suggest chances more than 70,000 paddle- There is no doubt managing director of Shen- CNOOC announced deal to buy Nexen Inc shaped LED tablets installed that leading Chinese zhen Dans Digital Technology are good that off er will be approved for $15.1 billion on July 23 on each spectators’ seat, lit companies will be- Co Ltd. the stadium, making London ‘‘ “But we are not seeing the By ZHENG YANGPENG The SEC said businesses Bowl the largest digital display come leading brands formation of this chain any- July 2012 21 23 27 [email protected] owned by Zhang, including on Earth. across the world.” time soon.” China Rongsheng Heavy Indus- But while Deng and his 40-man SEC ordered MICHAEL PAYNE China’s potentially largest tries, have a close relationship investigation INDUSTRY all eyes were FORMER HEAD OF THE MARKETING company are famous for win- on Zhang Zhirong overseas acquisition to date with CNOOC. on the Lon- DIVISION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ning numerous international on allegations of OLYMPIC COMMITTEE. was clouded by an insider-trad- Rongsheng Heavy, which insider trading don landmark displaying the awards over the past decade.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Economy
    The historical dictionaries present essential information on a broad range of subjects, including American and world history, art, business, cities, countries, cultures, customs, film, global conflicts, international relations, literature, music, philosophy, religion, sports, and theater. Written by experts, all contain highly informative introductory essays on the topic and detailed chronologies that, in some cases, cover vast historical time periods but still manage to heavily feature more recent events. Brief A–Z entries describe the main people, events, politics, social issues, institutions, and policies that make the topic unique, and entries are cross-referenced for ease of browsing. Extensive bibliographies are divided into several general subject areas, provid- ing excellent access points for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more. Additionally, maps, photographs, and appendixes of supplemental information aid high school and college students doing term papers or introductory research projects. In short, the historical dictionaries are the perfect starting point for anyone looking to research in these fields. HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES OF ASIA, OCEANIA, AND THE MIDDLE EAST Jon Woronoff, Series Editor Guam and Micronesia, by William Wuerch and Dirk Ballendorf. 1994. Palestine, by Nafez Y. Nazzal and Laila A. Nazzal. 1997. Lebanon, by As’ad AbuKhalil. 1998. Azerbaijan, by Tadeusz Swietochowski and Brian C. Collins. 1999. Papua New Guinea, Second Edition, by Ann Turner. 2001. Cambodia, by Justin Corfield and Laura Summers. 2003. Saudi Arabia, Second Edition, by J. E. Peterson. 2003. Nepal, by Nanda R. Shrestha and Keshav Bhattarai. 2003. Kyrgyzstan, by Rafis Abazov. 2004. Indonesia, Second Edition, by Robert Cribb and Audrey Kahin. 2004. Republic of Korea, Second Edition, by Andrew C.
    [Show full text]
  • Service Life Prediction of Reinforced Concrete in a Sea-Crossing Railway Bridge in Jiaozhou Bay: a Case Study
    applied sciences Article Service Life Prediction of Reinforced Concrete in a Sea-Crossing Railway Bridge in Jiaozhou Bay: A Case Study Zhe Li 1,2 , Zuquan Jin 1,2,*, Tiejun Zhao 1,2, Penggang Wang 1,2, Lixiao Zhao 1,2, Chuansheng Xiong 1,2 and Yue Kang 1,2 1 School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China 2 Cooperative Innovation Center of Engineering Construction and Safety in Shandong Blue Economic Zone, Qingdao 266033, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 24 July 2019; Accepted: 22 August 2019; Published: 1 September 2019 Abstract: Reinforced bar corrosion induced by chloride ingression is one of the most significant threats to the durability of concrete structures in marine environments. The concrete cover thickness, compressive strength, chloride diffusion coefficient, and surface defects of reinforced concrete in the Jiaozhou Bay sea-crossing railway bridge were measured. The temperature and relative humidity in the concrete and the loading applied onto the reinforced concrete were monitored. Based on the DuraCrete model, a revised model for the service life prediction of concrete structures was established, considering the effects of temperature and loading on the chloride diffusion coefficient. Further, the reliability indexes of the reinforced concrete box girder, pier, and platform, located in the marine and land sections, in relation to service lives lasting various numbers of years, were calculated. The measured and calculated results show that the mean cover thicknesses of concrete piers in the marine and land sections are 52 mm and 36 mm, respectively, and the corresponding standard deviations are 5.21 mm and 3.18 mm, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 17/18 (2018) Crossroads Studies on the History of Exchange Relations in the East Asian World
    Crossroads Studies on the History of Exchange Relations in the East Asian World OSTASIEN Verlag Vol. 17/18 (2018) Crossroads Studies on the History of Exchange Relations in the East Asian World 縱横 東亞世界交流史研究 クロスロード 東アジア世界の交流史研究 크로스로드 東아시아世界의交流史研究 Vol. 17/18 (2018) OSTASIEN Verlag All inscriptions from the Turfan region shown on the cover page can be found on the website “Xibu bianchui de qipa: Tulufan (Gaochang) muzhuan shufa” 西部边陲的奇葩—吐鲁番 (高昌) 墓砖书法 [www.sohu.com/a/237616750_100140832]. Black-and-White photos of these inscriptions are published in the monograph Tulufan chutu zhuanzhi jizhu 吐魯番出土磚誌集註, ed. by Hou Can 侯燦 and Wu Meilin 吳美琳. Chengdu: Bashu, 2004. [Top left:] Tang Kaiyuan 26 nian (738) Zhang Yungan ji qi mubiao 唐開元廿六年張運感及妻墓表 (p. 640, fig. 315); [left centre:] Gaochang Yanhe 11 nian (612) Zhang Zhongqing qi Jiaoshi mubiao 高昌延和十一年張 仲慶妻焦氏墓表 (p. 284, fig. 138); [bottom left:] Gaochang Yanchang 26 nian (586) zhongbing canjun Xinshi mubiao 高昌延昌廿六年中兵參軍辛氏墓表 (p. 176, fig. 81); [Top right:] Tang Yongchun 2 nian (683) Zhang Huan furen Qu Lian muzhiming 唐永淳二年張歡夫人麹連墓志 銘 (p. 575, fig. 292); [bottom right:] Gaochang Chongguang 1 nian (620) Zhang Azhi zi mubiao 高昌重光元年張阿質兒墓表 (p. 323, fig. 157). Editor in chief: Angela SCHOTTENHAMMER (Salzburg, Austria; McGill, Montreal, Canada; KU Leuven, Belgium) Co-Editors: Maddalena BARENGHI (Venezia, Italy) Alexander JOST (Salzburg, Austria) KOBAYASHI Fumihiko 小林史彦 (New York, USA) LI Jinxiu 李锦锈 (Beijing, China) LI Man 李漫 (Gent, Belgium) Achim MITTAG (Tübingen, Germany) Elke PAPELITZKY (Shanghai, China) PARK Hyunhee 박현희 朴賢熙 (New York, USA) Barbara SEYOCK (Bochum, Germany) This issue of Crossroads, dedicated to Chen Zhenxiu 陈朕秀 (1991–2019), has been edited with special assistance of Alexander Jost and Li Man.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Insurance in China
    A History of Insurance in China A History of Insurance in China Introduction 2 Pre-1949: The Arrival of Insurance and the Rise of a Domestic Market 4 Swiss Re History 20 1949 to 2001: The Rebirth of the Chinese Insurance Market 28 2001 to the Present: The Path to Globalisation 40 Introduction China is one of the biggest success stories in the history of insurance. Having survived some tumultuous times, the Chinese market is now one of the most exciting and important in the world. Chinese traders in the third millennia BC were some of the very first practitioners of risk diversification, dividing their wares between vessels to limit losses. But like many other countries in the Asia- Pacific region, China was first introduced to the modern concept of insurance by foreign traders in the early 1800s. Foreign insurers continue to provide valuable expertise as well as access to a worldwide insurance and reinsurance safety net. However, China’s recent success is largely down to the achievements of its domestic insurance sector. Established in the late 1800s, the indigenous Chinese insurance market has proved extraordinarily resilient and, in recent years, incredibly fast growing. It is currently on course to become the world’s second largest insurance market behind the US. China began the herculean task of re-building its insurance market in the 1970s, initially through the state insurer, the People’s Insurance Company of China. Following market liberalisation, and with the active encouragement of the government, the Chinese insurance sector has blossomed into a vigorous and competitive marketplace.
    [Show full text]
  • Longest Bridges in the World
    Main Span Length SNo Name metres Completed Traffic Country metres (feet) (feet) Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway 164,800 m 80 m High-speed 1 2010 China Guinness: Longest bridge (any type), (540,700 ft) (260 ft) rail 2011 Tianjin Grand Bridge Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway 113,700 m High-speed 2 (Viaduct) 2010 China Guinness: Second longest bridge (any (373,000 ft) rail type), 2011 Weinan Weihe Grand Bridge 79,732 m 80 m High-speed 3 2008 China Zhengzhou–Xi'an High-Speed Railway (261,588 ft) (260 ft) rail Bang Na Expressway 54,000 m 2000 4 (Viaduct) Road Thailand Guinness: Longest Road Bridge, 2000 (177,000 ft) (open) Beijing Grand Bridge 48,153 m 108 m High-speed 5 2010 China Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway (157,982 ft) (354 ft) rail Lake Pontchartrain Causeway 38,442 m 46 m 1956 (SB) 6 Guinness: Longest bridge over water Road United States (126,122 ft) (151 ft) 1969 (NB) (continuous), 1969 Manchac Swamp bridge 36,710 m 7 N/A 1970 Road United States Longest toll-free road bridge (120,440 ft) Yangcun Bridge 35,812 m High-speed 8 (Viaduct) 2007 China Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway (117,493 ft) rail 35,673 m 448 m 9 Hangzhou Bay Bridge 2007 Road China (117,037 ft) (1,470 ft) 35,660 m 1,490 m 10 Runyang Bridge 2005 Road China (116,990 ft) (4,890 ft) 32,500 m 400 m 11 Donghai Bridge 2005 Road China (106,600 ft) (1,300 ft) 29,908 m 12 Shanghai Maglev line (Viaduct) 2003 Maglev China (98,123 ft) 29,290 m 13 Atchafalaya Basin Bridge (Viaduct) 1973 Highway United States (96,100 ft) 29,000 m 14 Louisiana Highway 1 Bridge (Viaduct) 2011 Highway United States (95,000 ft) Line 1, Wuhan Metro Bridge 28,870 m 15 0? 2009 Metro China Wuhan Metro (94,720 ft) Yanshi Bridge 28,543 m High-speed 16 0? 2009 China Zhengzhou–Xi'an High-Speed Railway (93,645 ft) rail Jiaozhou Bay Bridge 26,707 m 260 m 17 Guinness: Longest bridge over water 2011 Road China (87,621 ft) (850 ft) (aggregate), July 2011 26,540 m 18 Jintang Bridge (Viaduct) 2009 Road China (87,070 ft) Jinbin Light Rail No.
    [Show full text]