Mangrove Swamp (Caroni Wetland, Trinidad)
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This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Quaternary Research 75 (2011) 531–540 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yqres Response of a warm temperate peatland to Holocene climate change in northeastern Pennsylvania Shanshan Cai, Zicheng Yu ⁎ Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, 1 West Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA article info abstract Article history: Studying boreal-type peatlands near the edge of their southern limit can provide insight into responses of Received 11 September 2010 boreal and sub-arctic peatlands to warmer climates. In this study, we investigated peatland history using Available online 18 February 2011 multi-proxy records of sediment composition, plant macrofossil, pollen, and diatom analysis from a 14C-dated sediment core at Tannersville Bog in northeastern Pennsylvania, USA. Our results indicate that peat Keywords: accumulation began with lake infilling of a glacial lake at ~9 ka as a rich fen dominated by brown mosses. -
Managing Iowa Habitats
Managing Iowa Habitats Fen Wetlands Introduction Why should I be concerned? Fens are the rarest of Iowa’s wetland commu- Fens are an important and unique wetland nities and of great scientific interest. While type. Not only are the fens themselves rare, but their geology varies, they all are the products they shelter over 200 plant species, 20 of which of the seepage of groundwater to the surface. are Iowa endangered and threatened species. Because the water is rich in calcium and other Many of the plant species have been in these minerals, only a select group of plants is able to areas for thousands of years. The fen’s vegeta- grow there. As a result, fens contain many tion, in turn, shelters wildlife by providing plant species considered endangered or valuable habitat. threatened in Iowa. Fens are valuable to humans as well. They are A few of the oldest fens contain plant remains important as sites of groundwater discharge — that date back 10,000 years, though most Iowa good indicators of shallow aquifers. Vegetation fens are less than 5,000 years old. A few of in all wetlands plays an important role in these “younger” fens may have existed 10,000 recycling nutrients, trapping eroding soil, and years ago, but because of dramatic climate filtering out polluting chemicals such as changes, they may have dried up and lost the nitrates. However, the rarity of fens and their plant remains (by burning or erosion) that relatively small size makes it important could prove their age. When the climate grew to protect them from overloading by wetter again about 5,000 years ago, these fens these materials. -
Wetland Valuation Volume I Wetland Ecosystem Services and Their
Wetland Health and Importance Research Programme Wetland Valuation Volume I 8 Wetland ecosystem services and their valuation: a review of current understanding and practice TT 440/09 Wetland Health and Importance Research Programme – 8 Health and Importance Programme Research TTWetland 440/09 Authors: J Turpie, K Lannas, N Scovronick & A Louw Series Editor: H Malan TT 440/09 WETLAND HEALTH AND IMPORTANCE RESEARCH PROGRAMME 8 WETLAND VALUATION. VOL I WETLAND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND THEIR VALUATION: A REVIEW OF CURRENT UNDERSTANDING AND PRACTICE Report to the Water Research Commission by Authors: J Turpie1, K Lannas2, N Scovronick1 and A Louw1 Series Editor: H Malan2 1 Anchor Environmental Consultants in association with the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town 2 Freshwater Research Unit, University of Cape Town WRC Report No. TT 440/09 March 2010 OBTAINABLE FROM Water Research Commission Private Bag X03 Gezina, 0031 The publication of this report emanates from a project entitled Wetland Health and Importance Research Programme (WRC Project no. K5/1584) DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ISBN 978-1-77005-932-0 Set No. 978-1-77005-936-8 Printed in the Republic of South Africa Front Cover: View from bird hide looking upstream, Nylsvley Nature Reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa Photograph: J Turpie i PREFACE This report is one of the outputs of the Wetland Health and Importance (WHI) research programme which was funded by the Water Research Commission. -
Northern Fen Communitynorthern Abstract Fen, Page 1
Northern Fen CommunityNorthern Abstract Fen, Page 1 Community Range Prevalent or likely prevalent Infrequent or likely infrequent Absent or likely absent Photo by Joshua G. Cohen Overview: Northern fen is a sedge- and rush-dominated 8,000 years. Expansion of peatlands likely occurred wetland occurring on neutral to moderately alkaline following climatic cooling, approximately 5,000 years saturated peat and/or marl influenced by groundwater ago (Heinselman 1970, Boelter and Verry 1977, Riley rich in calcium and magnesium carbonates. The 1989). community occurs north of the climatic tension zone and is found primarily where calcareous bedrock Several other natural peatland communities also underlies a thin mantle of glacial drift on flat areas or occur in Michigan and can be distinguished from shallow depressions of glacial outwash and glacial minerotrophic (nutrient-rich) northern fens, based on lakeplains and also in kettle depressions on pitted comparisons of nutrient levels, flora, canopy closure, outwash and moraines. distribution, landscape context, and groundwater influence (Kost et al. 2007). Northern fen is dominated Global and State Rank: G3G5/S3 by sedges, rushes, and grasses (Mitsch and Gosselink 2000). Additional open wetlands occurring on organic Range: Northern fen is a peatland type of glaciated soils include coastal fen, poor fen, prairie fen, bog, landscapes of the northern Great Lakes region, ranging intermittent wetland, and northern wet meadow. Bogs, from Michigan west to Minnesota and northward peat-covered wetlands raised above the surrounding into central Canada (Ontario, Manitoba, and Quebec) groundwater by an accumulation of peat, receive inputs (Gignac et al. 2000, Faber-Langendoen 2001, Amon of nutrients and water primarily from precipitation et al. -
FEN BOG from the Website North Yorkshire for the Book Discover Butterflies in Britain © D E Newland 2009
FEN BOG from www.discoverbutterflies.com the website North Yorkshire for the book Discover Butterflies in Britain © D E Newland 2009 The North Yorkshire Moors Railway passes along the western edge of Fen Bog Fen Bog is 20 ha (50 acres) of This well-known site in TARGET SPECIES boggy marshland at the head Yorkshire is noted for its Large Heath (June and early of Newtondale, near Pickering many different species of July), Small Pearl-bordered in North Yorkshire. It is 3 butterflies, moths and and Dark Green Fritillaries; miles south of Goathland and dragonflies. There is a deep commoner species. lies on the route of the North bed of peat where many Yorkshire Moors Railway different bog plants flourish. It from Pickering to Grosmont. lies within a wide valley with heather, hard fern, mat grass and purple moor grass all growing stongly. The reserve is cared for by the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust. The North York Moors became one of our first National Parks in 1952. Its moors are one of the largest areas of heather moorland in Britain and cover an area of 550 square miles. It is hard to imagine that they were once permanently covered in ice and snow. When global warming took effect at the end of the Ice Age, the snowfields began to melt and melt water flowed south. It gouged out the deep valley of Newtondale where the Pickering Beck now flows. Newtondale runs roughly north-south parallel to the A169 Whitby to Pickering road and is a designated SSSI of 940 ha (2,300 acres). -
Stow Cum Quy Fen Pond Survey
Stow Cum Quy Fen pond survey A report for the Freshwater Habitats Trust July 2017 (Version 2) 1. Introduction Stow-cum-Quy Fen Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) covers 29.6 hectares and is located 7.5 km north-east of the centre of Cambridge. It features a number of ponds, the largest being a coprolite pit from which phosphate-rich deposits were excavated in the mid to late 19th century for fertiliser (O’Connor, 2001 & 2011). Originally believed to be fossilised dinosaur dung, the ‘coprolite’ seams were in fact phosphatic nodules derived from the remains of marine molluscs, cephalopods and other organisms deposited during the Jurassic (Cambridgeshire Archaeology Field Group, 2015). The elongate shape of some smaller ponds suggests that these too originated as coprolite pits but others are likely to be stock watering ponds. This survey was commissioned by the Freshwater Habitats Trust as part of the Flagship Ponds project. Fieldwork for was undertaken by Jonathan Graham (botanical survey) and Martin Hammond (invertebrates) on 17th May 2017. This was followed by a second visit on 21st June 2017 to seek out additional species. 2. Survey methods Eight ponds (refer to location map below) were surveyed using PSYM (Predictive System for Multimetrics), the standard methodology for evaluating the ecological quality of ponds and small lakes (Environment Agency, 2002). A PSYM survey involves: Obtaining environmental data such as pond area, altitude, grid reference, substrate composition, cover of emergent vegetation, degree of shade, accessibility to livestock and water pH Collecting a sample of aquatic macro-invertebrates using a standard protocol (three minutes’ netting divided equally between each ‘meso-habitat’ within the pond basin, plus one minute searching the water surface and submerged debris) Recording wetland plants PSYM generates six ‘metrics’ (measurements) representing important indicators of ecological quality. -
A Fen Is a Rare, Low Shrub- and Herb- Dominated Wetland That Is Fed by Calcareous Groundwater Seepage
Habitat fact sheet Fen A fen is a rare, low shrub- and herb- dominated wetland that is fed by calcareous groundwater seepage. Fens almost always occur in areas influenced by carbonate bedrock (e.g., limestone and marble), and are identified by their low, often sparse vegetation and their distinctive plant community. Tussocky vegetation and small BellK. 2006 seepage rivulets are often present, and some fens have substantial areas of bare mineral Typical plants soil or organic muck. • Grasses and sedges such as spike-muhly, sterile sedge, porcupine sedge, yellow sedge, and woolly-fruit sedge • Shrubs including shrubby cinquefoil, K. BellK. 2007 alder-leaf buckthorn, and autumn willow Bog turtle • Wildflowers including grass-of- Parnassus and bog goldenrod Species of conservation concern Purple cliffbrake • More than 12 state-listed rare plants are found almost exclusively in fen habitats, including handsome sedge, Schweinitz’s sedge, bog valerian, scarlet Indian paintbrush, spreading globeflower, and swamp birch • Rare butterflies such as Dion skipper and black dash • Rare dragonflies such as forcipate emerald and Kennedy’s emerald • Bog turtle (Endangered in New York) • Spotted turtle, ribbon snake • Sedge wren, northern harrier These are just a few of the species of regional or statewide conservation concern that are known to occur in fen habitats. See Kiviat & Stevens (2001) Bell 2006 K. for a more extensive list. Fringed gentian Hudsonia Ltd. PO Box 5000, Annandale, NY 12504 (845) 758-7053 www.hudsonia.org Habitat fact sheet Page 2 Threats to fens Fens are highly vulnerable to degradation from direct disturbance and from activities in nearby upland areas. -
Exploring Our Wonderful Wetlands Publication
Exploring Our Wonderful Wetlands Student Publication Grades 4–7 Dear Wetland Students: Are you ready to explore our wonderful wetlands? We hope so! To help you learn about several types of wetlands in our area, we are taking you on a series of explorations. As you move through the publication, be sure to test your wetland wit and write about wetlands before moving on to the next exploration. By exploring our wonderful wetlands, we hope that you will appreciate where you live and encourage others to help protect our precious natural resources. Let’s begin our exploration now! Southwest Florida Water Management District Exploring Our Wonderful Wetlands Exploration 1 Wading Into Our Wetlands ................................................Page 3 Exploration 2 Searching Our Saltwater Wetlands .................................Page 5 Exploration 3 Finding Out About Our Freshwater Wetlands .............Page 7 Exploration 4 Discovering What Wetlands Do .................................... Page 10 Exploration 5 Becoming Protectors of Our Wetlands ........................Page 14 Wetlands Activities .............................................................Page 17 Websites ................................................................................Page 20 Visit the Southwest Florida Water Management District’s website at WaterMatters.org. Exploration 1 Wading Into Our Wetlands What exactly is a wetland? The scientific and legal definitions of wetlands differ. In 1984, when the Florida Legislature passed a Wetlands Protection Act, they decided to use a plant list containing plants usually found in wetlands. We are very fortunate to have a lot of wetlands in Florida. In fact, Florida has the third largest wetland acreage in the United States. The term wetlands includes a wide variety of aquatic habitats. Wetland ecosystems include swamps, marshes, wet meadows, bogs and fens. Essentially, wetlands are transitional areas between dry uplands and aquatic systems such as lakes, rivers or oceans. -
New Orleans, LA USA
July 28-August 1, 2014 | New Orleans, LA USA CEER 2014 Conference on Ecological and Ecosystem Restoration ELEVATING THE SCIENCE AND PRACTICE OF RESTORATION A Collaborative Effort of NCER and SER July 28-August 1, 2014 New Orleans, Louisiana, USA www.conference.ifas.ufl.edu/CEER2014 Welcome to the UF/IFAS OCI App! The University of Florida IFAS Office of Conferences & Institutes is happy to present a mobile app for the Conference on Ecological and Ecosystem Restoration. To access the conference app, scan the QR Code or search “IFAS OCI” in the App Store or Google Play on your Apple or Android device. Log in with the email address you used to register, a social media account, or as a guest. You will be prompted to select an event – choose CEER 2014. The event password is eco14. The app allows you to build a personal conference agenda, stay updated with conference announcements, and connect with sponsors, exhibitors, and fellow attendees. Should you have any questions about the app, please stop by our registration desk for assistance. Stay connected! #CEER2014 July 28-August 1, 2014 | New Orleans, LA USA Table of Contents Welcome Letter ...................................................................................................... 3 In Honor of David Allen Vigh ................................................................................... 4 About CEER ............................................................................................................. 6 About the Society for Ecological Restoration ........................................................ -
Laurentian-Acadian Wet Meadow-Shrub Swamp
Laurentian-Acadian Wet Meadow-Shrub Swamp Macrogroup: Wet Meadow / Shrub Marsh yourStateNatural Heritage Ecologist for more information about this habitat. This is modeledmap a distributiononbased current and is data nota substitute for field inventory. based Contact © Maine Natural Areas Program Description: A shrub-dominated swamp or wet meadow on mineral soils characteristic of the glaciated Northeast and scattered areas southward. Examples often occur in association with lakes and ponds or streams, and can be small and solitary pockets or, more often, part of a larger wetland complex. The habitat can have a patchwork of shrub and herb dominance. Typical species include willow, red-osier dogwood, alder, buttonbush, meadowsweet, bluejoint grass, tall sedges, and rushes. Trees are generally absent or thinly scattered. State Distribution: CT, DE, MA, MD, ME, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VA, VT, WV Total Habitat Acreage: 990,077 Ecological Setting and Natural Processes: Percent Conserved: 25.5% Shrub swamps and wet meadows are associated with lakes State State GAP 1&2 GAP 3 Unsecured and ponds and along headwater and larger streams where State Habitat % Acreage (acres) (acres) (acres) the water level does not fluctuate greatly. They are ME 30% 297,075 11,928 39,478 245,668 commonly flooded for part of the growing season but NY 30% 293,979 59,329 38,332 196,318 generally do not have standing water throughout the season. This is a dynamic system that may return to marsh in beaver- MA 8% 76,718 4,358 17,980 54,380 impounded areas or succeed to wooded swamp with NJ 7% 68,351 16,148 9,221 42,983 sediment accumulation or water subsidence. -
Self-Guided Naturalist Tour This Map and Attached Self-Guided Tour May Be Used for Free While at Earth Sanctuary
Self-Guided Naturalist Tour This map and attached self-guided tour may be used for free while at Earth Sanctuary. If you would like to keep it, please deposit $1.00 in the Registration box. To take the self-guided naturalist tour, use this map in conjunction many acres of invasive species such as Himalayan blackberries with the 4x4 posts that have letters on top (e.g., A, B, etc.). Note: and replanted the with native vegetation. Over 15,000 individual the naturalist tour starts from the Newman Road Parking Lot. plants of over 80 species and over 3,000 trees have been planted to date in this effort. Window A – Parking lot by the trail to the Dolmen. Welcome Now let’s begin our exploration of Earth Sanctuary by to Earth Sanctuary. You are about to explore a beautiful jewel of heading down the trail to the Dolmen. We’re going to be looking a wooded wetland system that is home to many breeding and through a series of windows or snapshots into the processes of wintering ducks and waterfowl as well as many songbirds, frogs, life that are happening here. Look for Window B where the trail salamanders, beavers, muskrats, river otters, deer and other levels out beyond the bell. animals. It is such important habitat that it has been designated a “habitat of local importance” by Island County and by the Audubon Window B – A window into water and watersheds.. At this Society. Pause a moment to take a few deep breaths and be spot we are standing over the weir (water control structure present in spirit before you set out on your exploration. -
Riparian Systems
Riparian Systems January 2007 Fish and Wildlife Habitat Management Leaflet Number 45 Introduction Riparian areas are transitional zones between terres- trial and aquatic systems exhibiting characteristics of both systems. They perform vital ecological functions linking terrestrial and aquatic systems within water- sheds. These functions include protecting aquatic eco- systems by removing sediments from surface runoff, decreasing flooding, maintaining appropriate water conditions for aquatic life, and providing organic ma- terial vital for productivity and structure of aquatic ecosystems. They also provide excellent wildlife hab- itat, offering not only a water source, but food and shelter, as well. NRCS Soils in riparian areas differ from soils in upland areas because they are formed from sediments with differ- ent textures and subjected to fluctuating water levels and degrees of wetness. These sediments are rich in nutrients and organic matter which allow the soils to retain large amounts of moisture, affecting the growth and diversity of the plant communities. Riparian areas typically are vegetated with lush growths of grasses, forbs, shrubs, and trees that are tolerant of periodic flooding. In some regions (Great Plains), however, trees may not be part of the his- toric riparian community. Areas with saline soils or U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service heavy, nearly-anaerobic soils (wet meadow environ- ments and high elevations) also are dominated by her- baceous vegetation. In intermittent waterways, the ri- parian area may be confined to the stream channel. Threats to riparian areas have come from many sourc- es. Riparian forests and bottomlands are fertile and valued farmland and rangeland, as well as prime wa- ter-front property desired by developers.