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Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography (PMHB), LXIII (1939), 285, 286; Wickersham, Education, 249; Arthur S
PennsylvaniTHE a Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY Anthony Benezet and the Africans' School: Toward A Theory of Full Equality AMONG the many but relatively little-known achievements of A Philadelphia Quaker educator, humanitarian, and social critic Anthony Benezet (1713-1784), probably the most significant, both in his time and in the two centuries since, was his discovery of the inherent equality of the black and white races. By applying his radical Protestant theories of human brotherhood in his classes for black children, he proved to his own satisfaction first, and then to others, that the widespread belief in black mental and moral inferiority was founded only in the fears and prejudices of the white ruling race. Beyond the long-range effect of this start- ling social discovery on a skeptical, sophisticated Enlightenment audience, the impact it had on his own students and their peers and descendants may turn out to be even more important in an ongoing revolution in attitudes and sociopolitical adjustments. Anthony Benezet's Philadelphia had grown to a city of approxi- mately 15,000 inhabitants by the year 1750, when he first began his experiments in teaching black children to read, write, and do simple arithmetic. The port city had never had a large slave popula- tion, owing largely to the commercial nature of its economy. Esti- 399 4<X) NANCY SLOCUM HORNICK October mates of the black population at mid-century range upward from 3,000, of which an unknown proportion were freemen. A very few of the slaves may have been tutored in the homes of their masters, their reading limited to the Bible and catechism. -
Litigating the Lash: Quaker Emancipator Robert Pleasants, the Law
LITIGATING THE LASH: QUAKER EMANCIPATOR ROBERT PLEASANTS, THE LAW OF SLAVERY, AND THE MEANING OF MANUMISSION IN REVOLUTIONARY AND EARLY NATIONAL VIRGINIA By William Fernandez Hardin Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History May, 2013 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Richard J.M. Blackett David L. Carlton Daniel J. Sharfstein Daniel H. Usner Copyright © by William Fernandez Hardin All Rights Reserved To Jessica, for loving a grumpy man, and to Ainsley, for making him less grumpy. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the Virginia Historical Society and the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Colonial Williamsburg for their support in the research of this dissertation—both collections proved invaluable and the staff helped a fledging graduate student navigate unfamiliar terrain. I would also like to thank the Folger Institute’s Center for the History of British Political Thought in Washington D.C. and my fellow participants in the “Changing Conceptions of Property” seminar for the opportunity to spend a summer discussing the relationship between English property law and colonial governance. I would also like to thank the Vanderbilt history department for its generous support. It has been a pleasure to learn the craft from such a distinguished group of historians. Professors Michael Bess, Bill Caferro, Katie Crawford, Dennis Dickerson, and Elizabeth Lunbeck, each—in vastly different ways—helped me discover new ways of considering the past and the people who lived there and I thank them for it. I would also like to thank the Vanderbilt Americanist Works-in-Progress Seminar for graciously allowing me to present my work and the invaluable comments and critiques provided. -
Virginia Room of the Roanoke City Library, on South Jefferson Street in Roanoke
ISSN 0739-3482 FALL2001 i,f:f'":'f'.~ : 1 ff Ifi ) R;;o.r.ckE: C it).· Pub!ic Library r' '"' ;!i 'v'' . Virginia ~c:; .... .,._ !r91n1a Room Appalachian Notes Danvffle • Southwestern Virginia Genealogical Society Roanoke, Virginia L-----------~----IBESE----------------------------------.. SOUTHW~STERN VIRGINIA GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY INC Calendar Year 2001 Officers and Executive Board Area Code 540 President Karen Kappesser 977-0067 1st Vice-President **Vacant** 2nd Vice-President Babe Fowler 345-8709 Record Secretary **Vacant** Corresponding Secretary Mary Prescott "Mickey" 985-0751 Treasurer Darrell Boles 366-5502 I Ass't T reasurer!Membership Jim Nelson 725-5303 VAN Editor **Vacant** Immediate Past Presidents Gene Swartzell 890-3991 Wendy James VAN Editor Emeritus Babe Fowler 345-8709 Committees ..I Computer/Labeler Don Vaughan 989-8645 Program **Vacant** 977-0067 Historian Babe Fowler 345-8709 Publications Karen Kappesser 977-0067 Don Martindale 366-0829 Babe Fowler 345-8709 Exchange Quarterlies Karen Kappesser 977-0067 Pedigree Charts Carol Milbourn 725-3598 Parliamentarian Ruth Hale 992-4623 Publicity Karen Kappesser 977-0067 Book Reviews ** VaCa.nt** The. SOU_ THWESTERN VIRGINIA GENE.ALOGICAL . SOCIETY ' INC · 1·s a t.a x -exe, mp t corporat ion. un d er secn~n :>? l (c)(3) of the Federal Incom_e Tax ~o?e . ~ection 170 of the Tax Code provides for the treatment of contnbut1.0ns to the SVGS ~s a deductible co1rtnbu ~ o11 by the donor. Bequests, legacies, devises, transfers, or gifts to the SVGS may be deduct1bl.e (OJ F~~WJ) {)8fJltJ gih tiJ.K (3urposes, if they meet the applicable provisions of sections 2055, 23106, and'2522 of the Tax Code. -
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS Roanoke College Statement of Purpose; Freedom With Purpose; Goals for Liberal Learning; History; Accreditation and Affiliations; College Environment; Religion and College Life; Faculty Admissions Freshman Students; Freshman Application Procedure; Transfer Students; International Students; Students with Disabilities; Internal Grievance Procedure For Disabled Students; Special Students Financial Aid Financial Aid Regulations and Programs; Types of Financial Aid; Scholarship Competition Program; Student Loan Fund Student Services Residence Life & Housing; Dean of Students Office; Student Activities; Student Government; Student Media; Art, Art History, Music and Theatre; Athletics; Recreation and Club Sports; Intramurals; Student Health & Counseling Services; Campus Safety; Dining Services; Social Fraternities and Sororities; Student Conduct System; Conduct Policies and Regulations Finances College Charges; Tuition for Part-Time Students; Tuition for Graduates and Senior Citizens; Tuition for Intensive Learning Term; Domestic/On Campus; Housing Fees; Non-Travel Courses; Foreign Travel Courses; Miscellaneous Expenses; Method of Payment; Withdrawals and Refunds; Special Note Academic Honors and Awards Semester Honors; Junior and Senior Scholars; Degrees with Distinction; Honors in Majors; Valedictorian and Salutatorian; Honor Societies; Prizes and Awards Academic Services Goode-Pasfield Center for Learning & Teaching; Freshman and Undeclared Student Advising; Entering Freshman and Transfer Student Pre-registration; The Writing -
Southwestern Virginia Genealogical Society Roanoke, Virginia
ISSN 0739-3482 WINTER 2008 Virginia Appalachian Notes Danville• Southwestern Virginia Genealogical Society Roanoke, Virginia • SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA GENEALOGICAL SO CIETY INC Calendar Year 2008 Officers and Executive Board Area Code 540 email addres s President Karen Kappesser 977-0067 gkkapp@ infionline.net Vice-President Pamela B. Young 342-2367 pmyoungOO l @aol.com Record Secretary Vacant Corresponding Secretary Mickey Prescott 985-0751 mprescott3@ cox.net Treasurer Don Vaughan 989-8645 [email protected] Membership Jim Nelson 725-5303 j asnelson@ cox.net VAN Editor Michael Blankenship 989-1 469 [email protected] Immediate Past President Pamela B. Young 342-2367 pmyoungOOl @aol.com VAN Editor Emeritus Babe Fowler 563-1733 fowlervw@ cox.net Committees Computer/Labeler Don Vaughan 989-8645 DONSVGS@ aol.com Program Pamela B. Young 342-2367 pmyoungOO l @ aol.com Historian Babe Fowler 563-1733 fowlervw@ cox.net VAN Michael Blankenship 989-1 469 [email protected] Exchange Quarterlies Virginia Room Staff Publicity Pamela B. Young 342-2367 pmyoungOOl @aol.com Book Reviews As Signed The SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY, INC. is a tax-exempt corporation under section 50l(c)(3) of the Federal Income Tax Code. Section 170 of the Tax Code provides for the treatment of contributions to the SVGS as a deductible contribution by the donor. Bequests, legacies, devises, transfers, or gifts to the SVGS may be deductible for Federal estate gift tax purposes, if they meet the applicable provisions of sections 2055, 23106, and 2522 of the Tax Code. MEMBERSIDP: Each SVGS member will be mailed a copy of the "Society's" quarterly, the VIRGINIA APPALACHIAN NOTES (VAN). -
Down but Not Out: How American Slavery Survived the Constitutional Era
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Theses Department of History 12-16-2015 Down But Not Out: How American Slavery Survived the Constitutional Era Jason Butler Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses Recommended Citation Butler, Jason, "Down But Not Out: How American Slavery Survived the Constitutional Era." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2015. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses/99 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DOWN BUT NOT OUT: HOW AMERICAN SLAVERY SURVIVED THE CONSTITUTIONAL ERA by JASON E. BUTLER Under the Direction of H. Robert Baker, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Whether through legal assault, private manumissions or slave revolt, the institution of slavery weathered sustained and substantial blows throughout the era spanning the American Revolution and Constitutional Era. The tumult of the rebellion against the British, the inspiration of Enlightenment ideals and the evolution of the American economy combined to weaken slavery as the delegates converged on Philadelphia for the Constitutional Convention of 1787. Even in the South, it was not hard to find prominent individuals working, speaking or writing against slavery. During the Convention, however, Northern delegates capitulated to staunch Southern advocates of slavery not because of philosophical misgivings but because of economic considerations. Delegates from North and South looked with anticipation toward the nation’s expansion into the Southwest, confident it would occasion a slavery-based economic boom. -
David Cooper's Fight Against Slavery By
An Ordinary Man in Extraordinary Times: David Cooper's Fight against Slavery by Kristin DeBusk A SENIOR THESIS for the UNIVERSITY HONORS COLLEGE Submitted to the University Honors College at Texas Tech University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree designation of HIGHEST HONORS DECEMBER 2004 Approved by: DI0!RETCHEN A~ ADAMS . - Asststant Professor, Department of History DR. G BELL Dean, %'tverstty Honors College The nutfter approves the photocopying of this document for edocational purposes. "The power of prejudice over the minds of mankind is very extraordinary; hardly any extreams too distant, or absurdities too glaring for it to unite or reconcile, if it tends to promote or justify a favorite pursuit. It is thus we are to account for the fallacious reasonings and absurd sentiments used and entertained concerning negroes, and the lawfulness of keeping them slaves. "' These words, written in 1772 by New Jersey farmer David Cooper, illustrate that abolitionist ideas were not confined to a small elhe group, barely taking hold among Britain's North American colonists as some increasingly began to resist royal authority over their own affairs. Still, as the movement gained momentum, even those concerned with the notions of "liberty" and "tyranny" sometimes had different goals. Noted historian of the American Revolution, Gordon Wood, has concluded that when we speak of the Revolution, we must concede that there were "many revolutions at once, the product of a complicated culmination of many diverse personal grievances and social strains." David Cooper, like many others, was influenced by these Revolutionary ideas. In his case, the "diverse personal grievances" manifested themselves in the desire to extend the idea of the "liberty" his neighbors spoke of to those most lacking it: the enslaved. -
Religious Freedom in Philadelphia
Columbia Law School Scholarship Archive Faculty Scholarship Faculty Publications 2005 Religious Freedom in Philadelphia Philip A. Hamburger Columbia Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Religion Law Commons Recommended Citation Philip A. Hamburger, Religious Freedom in Philadelphia, 54 EMORY L. J. 1603 (2005). Available at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/2234 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Scholarship Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN PHILADELPHIA Philip Hamburger Some controversies seem particularly significant for the development of constitutional rights. For the freedom from an establishment of religion, the most famous early debate occurred in Virginia in the mid-1780s. 1 For the more immediate freedom of religion, however-the freedom from penalty or constraint on religion-the central historical debate is less familiar. It was in some respects merely a local quarrel, which embroiled Quakers and Revolutionaries in Philadelphia during a few tense weeks in 1775. Nonetheless, it was a revealing moment in the development of American religious liberty. At a time when Americans were struggling for equality against Britain, they also expected equality in their religious liberty, and their egalitarian vision of their freedom from penalties on religion soon came into conflict with the perspective of those who needed a greater religious liberty. Of course, this tension between different conceptions of religious liberty was evident in many states, but nowhere were the results more dramatic than in Philadelphia, and today, the controversy in Philadelphia reveals much about the character of American religious liberty and about its foundations in American society and its ideals. -
The Quaker and Tactical Contexts of Anthony Benezet's Abolitionist
With a Little Help from the Friends: The Quaker and Tactical Contexts of Anthony Benezet’s Abolitionist Publishing N THE MORNING OF NOVEMBE R 14, 1766, some P hiladelphia Quakers hastened to prepare a parcel to put in the hands of John OGr iffith, a traveling minister who was about to board a ship that day and retur n to England. Griffith had arrived in Philadelphia in S eptember 1765, and over the next year he visited Q uaker meetings up and down the Atlantic seaboard from North Carolina to Ne w Hampshire , taking their spiritual pulse , preac hing the gospel, and call ing for a revival of vital piety among Fr iends. By September 1766 he f elt that his wor k was finished, and so he informed the ministers and elders of the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting on the twenty-se venth of that month of his desire to retur n home. Three men were duly appointed to write a certifi- cate for Griffith “Expressive of Our Unity with his Gospel L abours among us,” one of whom was Anthony Benezet, the schoolmaster, reformer, and pamphleteer.1 Benezet was attending the Yearly Meeting as a representative of the Burlington (New Jersey) Quarterly Meeting along with his friends John Smith, a councilor in New Jersey’s royal government, This work was supported (in part) by a grant from The City University of New York PSC-CUNY Research Award Program. Earlier versions were presented at the 2008 Conference of Quaker Historians and Archivists, the 2008 annual meeting of the Society for Historians of the Early American Republic, and the 2010 conference on Quakers and Slavery. -
Vanv27n3.Pdf
ISSN 0739-3482 SUMMER 2003 Virginia Appalachian Notes .. I I I Danville eBrlstol • Southwestern Virginia Genealogical Society .. Roanoke, Virginia r- 1 I6~ , ______________...,_ _________________________________________________ __. SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA GENEALO GICAL SOCIETY INC C alendar Y car 2003 Officers and Executive Board Area Code 540 President Karen Kappesser 977-0067 Vice-President Gene Swartzell 890-3991 Record Secretary Fred Anderson 77.+-7521 Corresponding Secretary Micki Prescot1 985-0751 Treasurer WinfTed H. Hart 77.+-2658 M embership Jim Nelson 725-5303 VAN Editor **Vacant** immediate Past President Gene Swartzell 890-3991 VAN Editor Emeritus Babe Fowler 345-8709 Committees Computer/Labeler Don Vaughan 989-8645 Program Gene Swartzell 890-3991 Historian Babe Fowler 345-8709 Publications Karen Kappesser 977-0067 Babe Fowler 345-8709 Exchange Quarterlies Karen Kappesser 977-0067 Pedigree Charts **Vacant** Parliamentarian **Vacant** Publicity Karen Kappesser 977-0067 Book Reviews ** Vacant** The SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY, INC. is a tax-exempt corporation under section 50l(c)(3) of the Federal Income Tax Code. Section 170 of the Tax Code provides for the treatment of contributions to the SVGS as a deductible contribution by the donor. Bequests, legacies, devises, transfers, or gifts to the SVGS may be deductible for Federal estate gift tax purposes, if they meet the applicable provisions of sections 2055, 23106, and 2522 of the Tax Code. MEMBERSHIP: Each SVGS member will be maiJed a copy of the "Society's" quarterly, the VIRGINIA APPALACHIAN NOTES (VAN). The VAN is usually published quarterly. The ammal index will be included in the Fall issue of the VAN for that year. -
American Friends' Letters MC.851
American Friends' letters MC.851 Last updated on April 14, 2021. Haverford College Quaker & Special Collections American Friends' letters Table of Contents Summary Information....................................................................................................................................3 Biography/History..........................................................................................................................................3 Scope and Contents....................................................................................................................................... 4 Administrative Information........................................................................................................................... 4 Controlled Access Headings..........................................................................................................................5 Collection Inventory...................................................................................................................................... 7 Addendum.............................................................................................................................................. 52 - Page 2 - American Friends' letters Summary Information Repository Haverford College Quaker & Special Collections Title American Friends' letters Call number MC.851 Date [inclusive] 1682-1986 Extent 19 boxes (19 boxes) Language English . Abstract The collection is composed chiefly of letters of members of the Society of Friends -
Manumission in Virginia: the Anti-Slavery Legacy of John Lynch
Manumission in Virginia: The Anti-Slavery Legacy of John Lynch Stephen “Andy” Langeland Culture and Crisis Conference March 6, 2021 Author Biography Stephen “Andy” Langeland has a BA in History and Political Science and is currently finishing a Master's in Public Policy at Liberty. He has worked for over 15 years with small international orphan care organizations in Eastern Europe and East Africa. His study interests have become focused over the past two years on natural rights, free market economics and political economy. Introduction This paper is in no way an apology for the institution of slavery in any form. In fact, it is a reiteration of Biblical doctrine and natural rights philosophy that posit all humans are created equal. The institution of slavery knew few bounds throughout recorded history and was as ubiquitous and durable as the activities of marriage or warfare, practiced by every culture and religion (Drescher 2009, 7-8, 12-39). Negro slavery specifically was an institution in all colonies of the New World at some point in history (Davis 1969, vii). The morality of slavery was an unquestioned fact of life throughout the history of mankind until the 18th century (Sowell 2011, 18). In 1788, John Jay described this sentiment in a letter, noting that before the Revolution few had questioned the institution of slavery (Dorsey 1851, 56). Biblical text is devoid of specific prohibition against slavery, a fact sadly used as justification for its continuation (Blake 1857, 408). The Quakers, however, were one of the few religious groups who invoked Scriptural admonitions to publicly question the status-quo of the seemingly unshakeable “peculiar institution” in the thirteen colonies (Helg 2019, 1, 39).