DOCSLIB.ORG

Friedrich A. Von Hayek Papers, Date (Inclusive): 1906-2005 Collection Number: 86002 Creator: Hayek, Friedrich A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt3v19n8zw No online items Register of the Friedrich A. von Hayek Papers Processed by Linda Bernard and David Jacobs Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: [email protected] © 1998, 2003, 2011 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Register of the Friedrich A. von 86002 1 Hayek Papers Register of the Friedrich A. von Hayek Papers Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California Contact Information Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: [email protected] Processed by: Linda Bernard and David Jacobs Date Completed: 1998, 2000, 2011 Encoded by: James Lake, ByteManagers using OAC finding aid conversion service specifications, and Elizabeth Phillips © 2011 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Friedrich A. von Hayek papers, Date (inclusive): 1906-2005 Collection number: 86002 Creator: Hayek, Friedrich A. von (Friedrich August), 1899-1992. Extent: 139 manuscript boxes, 8 oversize boxes, 23 card file boxes, 5 envelopes, 2 audio tapes, 16 videotape cassettes, digital files(66 linear feet) Repository: Hoover Institution Archives Stanford, California 94305-6010 Abstract: Diaries, correspondence, speeches and writings, notes, conference papers, conference programs, printed matter, sound recordings, and photographs, relating to laissez-faire economics and associated concepts of liberty, and especially to activities of the Mont Pèlerin Society. Most of collection also available on microfilm (91 reels). Sound use copies of sound recordings available. Physical Location: Hoover Institution Archives Language: English and German. Access Collection is open for research. Users must sign copyright agreement. The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to copies of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible. Publication Rights Users must sign copyright agreement. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Friedrich A. von Hayek papers, [Box number], Hoover Institution Archives. Alternative Form Available Most of collection (Boxes 1-118) also available on microfilm (91 reels). Accruals Register of the Friedrich A. von 86002 2 Hayek Papers Increments may have been received since this finding aid was prepared. Please check Stanford University's online catalog Socrates at http://library.stanford.edu/webcat to find the full extent of the collection. Access Points Mont Pèlerin Society. Economic policy. Laissez-faire. Liberty. Economists. Video tapes. 1899, May 8Born, Vienna, Austria 1921 Dr. jur., Universitat Wien, Vienna, Austria 1923 Dr. rer. pol., Universitat Wien 1927-1931 Director, Osterreichisches Institut fur Konjunkturforschung (Austrian Institute for Economic Research) 1929 Author, Monetary Theory and the Trade Cycle Habilitation, Universitat Wien 1929-1931 Lecturer in Economics, Universitat Wien 1931 Author, Prices and Production 1931-1932 Guest professor, University of London, England 1932-1950 Tooke Professor of Economic Science and Statistics, University of London, England 1935 Author, Collectivist Economic Planning 1937 Author, Monetary Nationalism and International Stability 1938 Naturalized British subject 1939 Author, Profits, Interest and Investment 1940 D. Sc. (Economics), University of London, England 1941 Author, The Pure Theory of Capital 1944 Author, The Road to Serfdom 1947-1962 President, Mont Pèlerin Society 1948 Author, Individualism and Economic Order 1950 Visiting Professor of Finance, University of Arkansas 1950-1962 Professor of Social and Moral Science, University of Chicago 1951 Author, John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor: Their Friendship and Subsequent Marriage 1952 Author, The Counter-Revolution of Science: Studies on the Abuse of Reason Author, The Sensory Order 1952-1953 Lecturer on Political Economy, Harvard University 1955 Author, The Political Ideal of the Rule of Law 1960 Author, The Constitution of Liberty 1962-1968 Professor of Economic Policy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg i. Br., Germany 1967 Author, Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics 1968-1969 Visiting Flint Professor, University of California, Los Angeles 1969-1974 Guest Professor, Universitat Salzburg, Austria 1973, 1976, Author, Law, Legislation and Liberty: A New Statement of the Liberal Principles of Justice and Political Economy 1979 (3 volumes) 1974 Joint Nobel Prize in Economics (with Gunnar Myrdal) 1977- Honorary Fellow, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace 1978 Author, New Studies in Philosophy, Politics, Economics and the History of Ideas 1984 Author, Money, Capital and Fluctuations 1988 Author, The Fatal Conceit 1992 Died Scope and Content of Collection The original accession of papers donated during the lifetime of Friedrich A. von Hayek, relates to laissez-faire economics and associated concepts of liberty, and especially to activities of the Mont Pèlerin Society as documented in diaries, correspondence, speeches and writings, notes, conference papers, conference programs, printed matter, sound recordings, and photographs. Materials of the same time periods may also be found in the Incremental Materials. Sound use copies of sound recordings available. Most of collection (Boxes 1-118) also available on microfilm (91 reels). Register of the Friedrich A. von 86002 3 Hayek Papers Scope and Content of Incremental Materials The two sections of incremental materials of the Friedrich A. von Hayek papers constitute a significant part of the collection, representing nearly half of the entire papers. The materials were received after Hayek's death from his family and his longtime secretary, Charlotte Cubitt. Consisting largely of correspondence, speeches and writings, and notes, they document Hayek's career as an economist and his larger role as a public intellectual advocating free market principles and denouncing state intervention in matters of economic and social policy. The materials provide insight into the development of Hayek's thought as a leading figure of the Austrian School of economics, and they also record the influence of his ideas on the political debates of his time, especially in the United States and Great Britain. The two Correspondence series in the incremental materials include exchanges of letters with fellow economists, publishers, and individuals active in the institutions with which Hayek was associated. Among the latter are colleagues and officials at the universities (London School of Economics, University of Chicago) where Hayek taught, as well as fellow members of the Mont Pèlerin Society, an organization founded by Hayek and in which he played a leading role for many years. The series contains Hayek's correspondence with economists associated with the Institute of Economic Affairs (Ralph Harris and Arthur Seldon, among others) and British politicians influenced by his ideas, including Margaret Thatcher. There is also extensive correspondence between Hayek and William W. Bartley, the editor of his final book, The Fatal Conceit. The incremental materials also include a separate correspondence series relating to Charlotte Cubitt, and which dates from the last period of Hayek's life when he was in declining health. The two Speeches and Writings series in the incremental materials span nearly the whole of Hayek's prolific career as an author. They include early articles and book reviews, unpublished manuscripts on economics and psychology, and various prefaces and introductions prepared for foreign editions of his books. There are a number of speeches, as well as letters written to the editor of The Times of London. The series also contain drafts of such major works as The Road to Serfdom, the three volumes that comprise Law, Legislation and Liberty, and Hayek's final book, The Fatal Conceit. There are multiple versions of chapters of The Fatal Conceit, showing Hayek's corrections and revisions, and allowing for a comparison of Hayek's original conception of the work with its ultimate, published form, whose extensive editing has been the subject of some controversy. Additionally, the Reviews of works by and about Hayek series in the second part of the incremental materials collects commentary on many of Hayek's published works. There is an abundance of reviews of The Road to Serfdom, most dating from the time of its original publication, but also some relating to subsequent editions, including translations. These articles show the success that the book achieved with the general public as well as demonstrating its impact on editorial and scholarly opinion at the time. There is a significant amount of documentation on Hayek's personal and professional lives in the two Biographical file series in the incremental materials. The second section contains many articles and clippings relating to Hayek, as well as some autobiographical writings, including a travel journal kept during a trip to France and Italy. In addition, there is a lengthy oral history consisting of extensive interviews with Hayek that were conducted by scholars under the auspices of the University of California at Los Angeles. There are
Recommended publications
  • 23. Relativism and Radical Conservatism

    23. Relativism and Radical Conservatism

    This is the preprint version of a book chapter published by Routledge/CRC Press in The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Relativism, edited by Martin Kusch (Abingdon: Routledge, 2020), 219–27 on December 4, 2019, available online: http://doi.org/10.4324/9781351052306-24. 23. Relativism and radical conservatism Timo Pankakoski and Jussi Backman ABSTRACT. The chapter tackles the complex, tension-ridden, and often paradoxical relationship between relativism and conservatism. We focus particularly on radical conservatism, an early twentieth-century German movement that arguably constitutes the climax of conservatism’s problematic relationship with relativism. We trace the shared genealogy of conservatism and historicism in nineteenth-century Counter-Enlightenment thought and interpret radical conservatism’s ambivalent relation to relativism as reflecting this heritage. Emphasizing national particularity, historical uniqueness, and global political plurality, Carl Schmitt and Hans Freyer moved in the tradition of historicism, stopping short of full relativism. Yet they utilized relativistic elements – such as seeing irrational decisions or the demands of “life” as the basis of politics – to discredit notions of universal political morality and law, thereby underpinning their authoritarian agendas. Oswald Spengler, by contrast, took the relativistic impulses to the extreme, interweaving his conservative authoritarianism and nationalism with full-fledged epistemic, moral, and political relativism. Martin Heidegger has recently been perceived as the key philosopher of radical conservatism, and his 1 thought arguably channeled antimodern aspects of historicism into contemporary political thought. We conclude by analyzing how some radical conservative arguments involving cultural relativism and plurality still reverberate in contemporary theorists such as Samuel Huntington, Aleksandr Dugin, and Alain de Benoist.
  • Expertise of July 1, 2000 Topic: Reform of European Anti

    Expertise of July 1, 2000 Topic: Reform of European Anti

    Expertise of July 1, 2000 Topic: Reform of European Anti-Trust Policy Meeting in a number of sessions, the last on July 1, 2000, the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology’s Economic Advisory Council addressed the topic of the Reform of European Anti-Trust Policy and subsequently adopted the following position. In earlier analyses of German and European competition policy, the Advisory Council outlined the economic and legal reasons why, within a market economy, there must be a fundamental and effective prohibition of cartels. In connection with the establishment of the Economic and Mone- tary Union, the Member States, in the Maastricht Treaty, for the first time established as a legal tenet that the Community was committed to upholding a system of open markets based on free competition (further details in: Advisory Council paper of August 1994 entitled “Ordnungspoli- tische Orientierung für die Europäische Union”). Although the competition rules already in force remained unaffected by this step, it was stressed that the effective functioning of the instruments of monetary policy as set forth in the EC Treaty depended on the existence of competitive struc- tures. The purpose of the system of undistorted competition, which was enacted into law by the EC Treaty and includes a prohibition of cartels under Art. 81 EC Treaty, was to guarantee these prerequisites. 1. The EC Commission has announced fundamental changes in the manner in which cartels would be assessed. Its White Paper of May 12, 1999 (Official Journal C 321) proposes a Regulation based on Art. 83 EC Treaty. This measure is aimed at changing the present rules by which the cartel prohibition in Art.
  • The Technological Imaginary of Imperial Japan, 1931-1945

    The Technological Imaginary of Imperial Japan, 1931-1945

    THE TECHNOLOGICAL IMAGINARY OF IMPERIAL JAPAN, 1931-1945 A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Aaron Stephen Moore August 2006 © 2006 Aaron Stephen Moore THE TECHNOLOGICAL IMAGINARY OF IMPERIAL JAPAN, 1931-1945 Aaron Stephen Moore, Ph.D. Cornell University 2006 “Technology” has often served as a signifier of development, progress, and innovation in the narrative of Japan’s transformation into an economic superpower. Few histories, however, treat technology as a system of power and mobilization. This dissertation examines an important shift in the discourse of technology in wartime Japan (1931-1945), a period usually viewed as anti-modern and anachronistic. I analyze how technology meant more than advanced machinery and infrastructure but included a subjective, ethical, and visionary element as well. For many elites, technology embodied certain ways of creative thinking, acting or being, as well as values of rationality, cooperation, and efficiency or visions of a society without ethnic or class conflict. By examining the thought and activities of the bureaucrat, Môri Hideoto, and the critic, Aikawa Haruki, I demonstrate that technology signified a wider system of social, cultural, and political mechanisms that incorporated the practical-political energies of the people for the construction of a “New Order in East Asia.” Therefore, my dissertation is more broadly about how power operated ideologically under Japanese fascism in ways other than outright violence and repression that resonate with post-war “democratic” Japan and many modern capitalist societies as well. This more subjective, immaterial sense of technology revealed a fundamental ambiguity at the heart of technology.
  • Kieler Studien

    Kieler Studien

    Institut für Weltwirtschaft The Kiel Institute for World Economics Annual Report 2003 Contents I. The Institute in 2003: An Overview 3 II. Research and Advisory Activities 6 1. Main Areas of Research 6 2. President’s Department 7 3. Growth, Structural Change, and the International Division of Labor (Research Department I) 10 4. Environmental and Resource Economics (Research Department II) 21 5. Regional Economics (Research Department III) 27 6. Development Economics and Global Integration (Research Department IV) 35 7. Business Cycles (Research Department V) 43 8. Interdepartmental Research 53 9. Cooperation with Researchers and Research Organizations 53 10. Advisory Activities and Participation in Organizations 61 11. Commissioned Expert Reports and Research Projects 64 III. Documentation Services 72 1. The Library 72 2. The Economic Archives 75 IV. Teaching and Lecturing 77 1. Universities and Colleges 77 2. Advanced Studies Program 77 3. Guest Lectures and Seminars at Universities 79 V. Conferences 80 1. Conferences Organized by the Institute 80 2. External Conferences 84 VI. Publications 96 1. In-House Publications 96 2. Out-of-House Publications 103 VII. Appendix 114 1. Recipients of the Bernhard Harms Prize, the Bernhard Harms Medal, and the Bernhard Harms Prize for Young Economists 114 2. Staff (as of January 1, 2004) 116 3. Organization Chart 121 I. The Institute in 2003: An Overview The Kiel Institute for World Economics at the University of Kiel (IfW) is one of the world’s major centers for international economic policy research and documentation. The Institute’s main activities are economic research, economic policy consulting, and the documentation and provision of information about international economic relations.
  • A New Look at Max Weber and His Anglo-German Family Connections1

    A New Look at Max Weber and His Anglo-German Family Connections1

    P1: JLS International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society [ijps] PH231-474840-07 October 28, 2003 17:46 Style file version Nov. 19th, 1999 International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, Vol. 17, No. 2, Winter 2003 (C 2003) II. Review Essay How Well Do We Know Max Weber After All? A New Look at Max Weber and His Anglo-German Family Connections1 Lutz Kaelber2 Guenther Roth’s study places Max Weber in an intricate network of ties among members of his lineage. This paper presents core findings of Roth’s analysis of Weber’s family relations, discusses the validity of Roth’s core theses and some of the implications of his analysis for Weber as a person and scholar, and addresses how Roth’s book may influence future approaches to Weber’s sociology. KEY WORDS: Max Weber; history of sociology; classical sociology; German history; Guenther Roth. “How well do we know Max Weber?”—When the late Friedrich H. Tenbruck (1975) raised this question almost thirty years ago, he had Weber’s scholarship in mind. The analysis of Weber’s oeuvre and the debate over it, fueled by a steady trickle of contributions of the Max Weber Gesamtaus- gabe, has not abated since. Thanks to the Gesamtausgabe’s superbly edited volumes, we now know more about Weber the scholar than ever before, even though the edition’s combination of exorbitant pricing and limitation to German-language editions has slowed its international reception. Tenbruck’s question might be applied to Weber’s biography as well. Here, too, the Gesamtausgabe, particularly with the edition of his personal letters, has been a valuable tool for research.1 Yet the fact remains that what we know about Weber the person derives to a significant extent from 1Review essay of Guenther Roth, Max Webers deutsch-englische Familiengeschichte, 1800–1950.
  • Consumers' Surplus 1506 26

    Consumers' Surplus 1506 26

    Consumers’ surplus when individuals lack integrated preferences: a development of some ideas from Dupuit Robert Sugden School of Economics, University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom [email protected] 25 June 2015 Abstract: In modern economics, consumers’ surplus is understood as the sum of individuals’ compensating variations, defined by reference to well-behaved preferences. If individuals lack integrated preferences, as behavioural economics suggests they often do, consumers’ surplus cannot be defined. However, Dupuit – the earliest theorist of consumers’ surplus – did not assume integrated preferences. His concept of consumers’ surplus can be interpreted in terms of the maximum yield of discriminatory prices. In principle, this can be measured without making assumptions about preferences, but (contrary to what Dupuit apparently thought) is not in general equal to the area under the observed demand curve. Keywords : consumers’ surplus, price discrimination, integrated preferences, Dupuit Acknowledgements : This paper was presented at the conference of the European Society for History of Economic Thought, Lausanne, May 2014. I thank participants at this conference and three anonymous referees for their comments. My work was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council through the Network for Integrated Behavioural Science (grant reference ES/K002201/1). 1 ‘Hence the saying which we shall often repeat because it is often forgotten: the only real utility is that which people are willing to pay for’ (Jules Dupuit, 1844/ 1952, p. 262). Consumers’ surplus is one of the most important theoretical constructs in applied welfare economics. It plays an essential part in normative economic analyses of competition policy, of price regulation for natural monopolies, and of public provision of non-marketed goods such as road space, flood protection and free health care.
  • ROBERT HIGGS, Ph.D., Senior Fellow ROBERT H

    ROBERT HIGGS, Ph.D., Senior Fellow ROBERT H

    Newsletter of The Independent Institute Volume 22, Number 4 Fall 2012 A Passion for Economic Liberty By Peter Boettke o the Austrians, econom- the level in the bathtub that was consistent with Tics is not a tool of social full employment. control. My latest book, Living Austrian school economists Ludwig Von Mises Economics: Yesterday, Today, and Friedrich Hayek stood in complete opposition and Tomorrow, describes free- to that view. What Mises and Hayek understood thinking economic study as a is that this whole way of framework for helping us un- thinking about the econo- derstand humanity, its history, and our plight in my reflects a “pretence of the world. Nobel Laureate F.A. Hayek knowledge”—that we can said that the curious task of econom- somehow know what the ics is “to demonstrate to men how little full employment output they really know about what they imag- level would be, that we ine they can design.” The could know exactly how economist is nothing more much water to let in and than a student of society. how much to let out. In reality, if we That understanding and make a mistake with any part of that approach to analyzing past equation, the water comes gushing out and present economic is- all over our bathroom floor, or it drains sues are the essence of Liv- completely out and we have nothing. This belief ing Economics. that social sciences should be like social physics In the mid-twentieth is built on an assumption that Mises said you century, and going up through the 1970s, the could not make.
  • The Law and Economics of Price Discrimination in Modern Economies: Time for Reconciliation?

    The Law and Economics of Price Discrimination in Modern Economies: Time for Reconciliation?

    Scholarship Repository University of Minnesota Law School Articles Faculty Scholarship 2010 The Law and Economics of Price Discrimination in Modern Economies: Time for Reconciliation? Daniel J. Gifford University of Minnesota Law School, [email protected] Robert T. Kudrle University of Minnesota Hubert Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/faculty_articles Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Daniel J. Gifford and Robert T. Kudrle, The Law and Economics of Price Discrimination in Modern Economies: Time for Reconciliation?, 43 U.C. DAVIS L. REV. 1235 (2010), available at https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/faculty_articles/358. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Minnesota Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in the Faculty Scholarship collection by an authorized administrator of the Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Law and Economics of Price Discrimination in Modern Economies: Time for Reconciliation? Daniel J. Gifford* Robert T. Kudrle** TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: LAWS TARGETING PRICE DISCRIMINATION .............. 1237 1. ECONOMIC CONCEPTIONS OF PRICE DISCRIMINATION: A BRIEF R EVIEW ..................................................................... 1239 A. Price Discrimination,Defined .......................................... 1239 B. Arbitrage,Market Power, and PriceDiscrimination ........ 1243 C. Price DiscriminationInvolving the Rates
  • Nine Lives of Neoliberalism

    Nine Lives of Neoliberalism

    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Plehwe, Dieter (Ed.); Slobodian, Quinn (Ed.); Mirowski, Philip (Ed.) Book — Published Version Nine Lives of Neoliberalism Provided in Cooperation with: WZB Berlin Social Science Center Suggested Citation: Plehwe, Dieter (Ed.); Slobodian, Quinn (Ed.); Mirowski, Philip (Ed.) (2020) : Nine Lives of Neoliberalism, ISBN 978-1-78873-255-0, Verso, London, New York, NY, https://www.versobooks.com/books/3075-nine-lives-of-neoliberalism This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/215796 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative
  • Online Library of Liberty: Collected Works of Bastiat. Vol. 2: the Law, the State, and Other Political Writings, 1843-1850

    Online Library of Liberty: Collected Works of Bastiat. Vol. 2: the Law, the State, and Other Political Writings, 1843-1850

    The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc. Frédéric Bastiat, Collected Works of Bastiat. Vol. 2: The Law, The State, and Other Political Writings, 1843-1850 [2012] The Online Library Of Liberty This E-Book (PDF format) is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a private, non-profit, educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. 2010 was the 50th anniversary year of the founding of Liberty Fund. It is part of the Online Library of Liberty web site http://oll.libertyfund.org, which was established in 2004 in order to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. To find out more about the author or title, to use the site's powerful search engine, to see other titles in other formats (HTML, facsimile PDF), or to make use of the hundreds of essays, educational aids, and study guides, please visit the OLL web site. This title is also part of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD which contains over 1,000 books and quotes about liberty and power, and is available free of charge upon request. The cuneiform inscription that appears in the logo and serves as a design element in all Liberty Fund books and web sites is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, in present day Iraq. Online Library of Liberty: Collected Works of Bastiat. Vol. 2: The Law, The State, and Other Political Writings, 1843-1850 To find out more about Liberty Fund, Inc., or the Online Library of Liberty Project, please contact the Director at [email protected] and visit Liberty Fund's main web site at www.libertyfund.org or the Online Library of Liberty at oll.libertyfund.org.
  • Family Businesses in Germany and the United States Since

    Family Businesses in Germany and the United States Since

    Family Businesses in Germany and the United States since Industrialisation A Long-Term Historical Study Family Businesses in Germany and the United States since Industrialisation – A Long-Term Historical Study Industrialisation since States – A Long-Term the United and Businesses Germany in Family Publication details Published by: Stiftung Familienunternehmen Prinzregentenstraße 50 80538 Munich Germany Tel.: +49 (0) 89 / 12 76 400 02 Fax: +49 (0) 89 / 12 76 400 09 E-mail: [email protected] www.familienunternehmen.de Prepared by: Institut für Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5 37073 Göttingen Germany Univ.-Prof. Dr. Hartmut Berghoff Privatdozent Dr. Ingo Köhler © Stiftung Familienunternehmen, Munich 2019 Cover image: bibi57 | istock, Sasin Tipchai | shutterstock Reproduction is permitted provided the source is quoted ISBN: 978-3-942467-73-5 Quotation (full acknowledgement): Stiftung Familienunternehmen (eds.): Family Businesses in Germany and the United States since Indus- trialisation – A Long-Term Historical Study, by Prof. Dr. Hartmut Berghoff and PD Dr. Ingo Köhler, Munich 2019, www.familienunternehmen.de II Contents Summary of main results ........................................................................................................V A. Introduction. Current observations and historical questions ..............................................1 B. Long-term trends. Structural and institutional change ...................................................13 C. Inheritance law and the preservation
  • Space, Railways, and Market Structures1

    Space, Railways, and Market Structures1

    Space, Railways, and Market Structures1 In Memory of Héctor Grupe By Manuel Fernández López Institute of Economic Research (University of Buenos Aires), CONICET, and National Academy of Economic Sciences 1. Introduction The market demand for a good descends when its price increases. This is a plain fact, observable in the real world. However the same fact may mean different things for the seller, according to the number of other competitors operating in the market. When the number is high, and thus small the part of total production under control of an individual business, any seller may change its own supply without altering the market price. If he supplies more, this doesn't cause the market price to be diminished. Any individual supplier, at the market price, may throw on the market at the same price all the units supplied, whatever the quantity. Selling one unit more accrues to him an additional gross revenue (i.e. “marginal revenue”) equal to the price (or unit revenue). His profit is increased whenever the selling of one unit more causes a cost-increase which is less than the increase of gross revenue: that is, when marginal cost is less than the market price. On the contrary, when the share of the individual seller in the market supply is significant, an increase of his individual supply is perceived by the market as a greater supply, and thus the market price decreases. All the more when the seller is just one (a monopoly) for the whole market. In such a case, the market demand is also the monopolist's unit or average revenue.