TEOLOGI PERDAMAIAN DALAM JAMAAH TABLIGH DI AMBON Disertasi Diajukan Kepada Sekolah Pascasarjana UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

TEOLOGI PERDAMAIAN DALAM JAMAAH TABLIGH DI AMBON Disertasi Diajukan Kepada Sekolah Pascasarjana UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta TEOLOGI PERDAMAIAN DALAM JAMAAH TABLIGH DI AMBON Disertasi Diajukan kepada Sekolah Pascasarjana UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Doktor Dalam Bidang Pemikiran Islam Oleh: Baco Sarluf NIM. 31161200000160 Pembimbing Pembimbing I : Prof. Dr. Zainun Kamaluddin Fakih, MA Pembimbing II : Prof. Dr. Amany Burhanuddin Lubis, MA Konsentrasi Pemikiran Islam Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta Tahun 2019/1441 KATA PENGANTAR Sanjungan dan pujian yang tak terhingga penulis ungkapkan sebagai rasa syukur kepada Allah SWT. Tuhan semesta alam. Dengan inayah-Nya jualah penulisan buku ini dapat diselesaikan. Begitu pula, shalawat dan salam dihaturkan baginda Nabi Muhammad Saw., keluarga, sahabat, dan para pengikut beliau sampai hari Akhir Jaman. Buku ini semula merupakan hasil dari penelitian penulis untuk disertasi doktor pada Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Judul yang diambil pada saat itu adalah “Teologi Perdamaian dalam Jamaah Tabligh di Ambon”. Penulis harus akui bahwa banyak pihak telah turut ambil bagian menyumbangkan jasa mereka dalam penyelesain buku ini. Sampai dengan saat ini dan juga seterusnya penulis masih tetap mengharapkan bantuan pertolongan dari siapa saja atau pihak mana pun, terutama untuk perbaikan dan penyerpunaan isi buku ini lebih jauh lagi. Pada kesempatan ini pula penulis perlu sekali menyatakan terima kasih yang tak terhingga kepada para promotor yang telah banyak memberikan bimbingan selama penelitian. Mereka-mereka itu ialah Prof. Dr. Zainun Kamaluddin Fakih, M.A., dan Prof. Dr. Amany Burhanuddin Lubis, M.A., masing- masing sebagai promotor I dan II. Tak lupa juga penulis sampaikan ucapan terima kasih kepada promotor I sebelumnya, yaitu Prof. Dr. Yunan Yusuf, M.A., yang karena telah sampai pada masa purna baktinya di lembaga ini, terpaksa harus mengambil sikap mengundurkan diri dari pembimbingan. Ucapan terima kasih juga penulis sampaikan kepada para penguji, baik pada saat ujian pendahuluan maupun ujian promosi. Mereka adalah Prof. Dr. Jamhari Makruf, M.A., Prof. Dr. H. Dedi Djubaedi, M.Ag., Prof. Dr. Iik Arifin Mansurnoor, M.A., dan Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, M.A. Ucapan terima kasih juga penulis sampaikan kepada pihak lembaga di mana penulis mengabdikan diri sebagai dosen, yaitu Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Ambon. Lembaga ini, selama berada di bawah kepemimpinan rektor-rektor Prof. Dr. H. Dedi Djubaedi, M.Ag., dan Dr. H. Hasbollah Toisuta, M.Ag., tak henti-hentinya memberikan bantuan, baik moril maupun materi. Lembaga yang juga mendapat ucapan terima kasih adalah Fakultas Ushuluddin Dan Dakwah. Unit ini beserta seluruh stafnya dan rekan kerja lainnya, selama di bawah kepemimpinan dekan- dekannya, yaitu Dr. Hasan Lauselang, M.Ag., Dr. Ismail Tuanany, M.M., Dr. Achmad Mujadid Naya, M.Pd., dan Dr. Ye Husen Assagaf, M.Fil.I., banyak pula memberikan bantuannya. Ucapan terima kasih juga disampaikan kepada lembaga SPS Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Lembaga ini telah menjadi tempat terbaik selama penulis menimba ilmu. Berikut seluruh stafnya, terutama sekali para direkturnya, yaitu Prof. Dr. Azyumardi Azra, M.A., Prof. Dr. Masykuri Abdillah, M.A., dan Prof. Dr. Jamhari Makruf, M.A. Lagi, ucapan terima kasih yang tak terhingga kepada semua ahli keluarga penulis sendiri, yaitu kedua Almarhumani Ayahanda Abdurrahman Sarluf dan Ibunda Siti Aminah Tjiu, yang telah berjasa melahirkan, mendidik dan mengasuh serta membesarkan penulis. Begitu juga terima kasih kepada kedua istri tercinta, i Korsin Latuconsina, S.Ag.M.Pd.I dan Iasha Khairunnisa Karepesina, S.H.I serta semua anak, yaitu Ruslan Abdurraziq Sarluf, S.H., Nurul Hasanah Sarluf, Nurul Mardhiyah Sarluf dan Muhammad Rafif Sarluf. Para orang tua mertua penulis, kedua Almarhumani Muhammad Qasim Latuconsina dan Siti Hajar Karepesina serta Drs. H. Idris Karepesina dan Siti Hajar Latuconsina, S. Ag. Termasuk semua saudara-saudara kandung dan saudara-saudara ipar. Ucapan terima kasih kepada Saudaraku Adam Rahayaan, S.Ag.,M.Si beserta seluruh keluarga besarnya. Haruslah penulis akui bahwa mereka pun telah banyak memberikan bantuan moril maupun materil. Ucapan terima kasih juga para pimpinan dan staf pada Pusat Perpustakaan Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta dan Perpustakaan SPS Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Jakarta. Pada kedua lembaga ini penulis dapat temukan reverensi-reverensi berharga untuk pemenuhan data-data penelitian. Akhirnya, semua pihak yang turut serta membantu penulis. Tak dapat disebutkan lagi mereka. Hanya doa tulus dan ikhlas yang boleh penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT. semoga dibalas dengan kebaikan setimpal dari Allah SWT. Jakarta, 25 Oktober 2020 Penulis, Baco Sarluf ii ABSTRAK TEOLOGI PERDAMAIAN DALAM JAMAAH TABLIGH DI AMBON Nama : H. Baco Sarluf NIM : 31161200000160 Disertasi ini menunjukkan bahwa secara teologi perdamaian berdasar pada absolutisme. Absolutisme itu sendiri merupakan bentuk ideal sebuah kelompok dan kepentingannya. Sedangkan, perdamaian adalah model gerakan bagaimana sebuah kelompok mengupayakan perwujudan absolutisme dalam kehidupan nyata dalam rangka penegasan eksistensi diri dan kepentingannya. Melalui kepercayaan bersama terhadap absolutisme individu-individu dapat mengintegrasikan diri secara damai ke dalam satu kesatuan kelompok. Jadi, kelompok yang bersatu merupakan hasil atau bentuk kongkrit dari perdamaian. Kelompok modernis Islam, melalui absolutisme “Semua kebenaran (agama) adalah relatif”, mengklaim pluralisme agama sebagai satu-satunya paham yang benar. Sementara, dengan mengabsolutkan pemahaman mengenai Islam versi masing-masing, kelompok-kelompok fundamentalisme Islam saling menglaim diri sebagai yang benar. Klaim kebenaran (truth claim) terhadap absolutisme versi masing-masing kelompok, di satu pihak dapat menciptakan perdamain internal kelompok. Tetapi, dengan pihak lain, selalu tersedia kecenderungan untuk terjadinya konflik. Jamaah Tabligh, dalam dakwah-dakwah mereka, hanya berdasar pada makna obyektif ayat Al-Qur’an maupun hadis. Melalui makna tersebut, mereka dapat mengemukakan absolutisme universal Islam, yang dengan itu perdamaian universal dapat dibangun. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif-eksploratif. Adapun metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah teologi, yang kemudian diperkaya dengan pendekatan-pendekatan lain, seperti filsafat, sosiologi, sejarah dan ilmu dakwah. Sumber utama penelitian berasal dari lapangan (field research), yang kemudian, lebih diperkaya lagi dengan kajian kepustakaan (library research). Langkah-langkah untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal, selama penelitian dilakukan proses menganalisa data, reduksi data, penyajian data. Proses terakhir adalah penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi data dengan menggunakan model interaktif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Ambon dengan menghabiskan waktu selama lima tahun, dimulai dari tahun 2014 sampai dengan 2019. Sementara lokasi penelitian difokuskan di Desa Batu Merah, Kecamatan Sirimau, Kota Ambon. Kata-kata kunci : Absolutisme, perdamaian, kelompok/masyarakat. v DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR i PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIASI iii TRANSLITERASI iv ABSTRAK v DAFTAR ISI vi DAFTAR PETA Peta I : Maluku Utara dan Maluku Tengah 44 Peta II : Kota Ambon 46 DAFTAR TABEL Tabel I : Jumlah Kecamatan di Pulau Ambon 45 Tabel 2 : Jumlah Penduduk Maluku Berdasarkan Kabupaten/Kota Di Propinsi Maluku pada tahun 2005, 2006, dan 2007 47 Tabel 3 : Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Jenis Kelamin 1990 – 2011 48 Tabel 4 : Banyaknya Penduduk Berdasarkan Agama di Kota Ambon 49 Tabel 5 : Banyaknya Sarana Peribadatan di Kota Ambon 49 Tabel 6 : Nama-nama Soa dan Matarumah di Negeri Batumerah 70 Tabel 7 : Tingkat Pendidikan Masyarakat di Negeri Batumerah 72 Tabel 8 : Berbagai Jenis Pekerjaan Warga di Negeri Batumerah 72 BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1 A Latar Belakang Masalah 1 B Permasalahan 10 C Tujuan Penelitian 12 D Manfaat Penelitian 12 E Kajian Riset Sebelumnya 12 F Metodologi Penelitian 16 G Tehnik Analisa Data 19 H Sistematika Pembahasan 20 BAB II DISKURSUS TEOLOGI PERDAMAIAN 22 A Pengertian Perdamaian Secara Teologi 22 B Konflik, Perdamaian Dan Pembentukan Kelompok 25 C Perdamaian Versus Teologi Kelompok 28 D Perdamaian Versus Teologi Universal 34 BAB III STRUKTUR MASYARAKAT KOTA AMBON 41 A Sekilas Tentang Kota Ambon 41 B Peta Geografis, Demografis, Iklim Dan Sistem Pemerintahan 43 C Agama 53 D Pertumbuhan Penduduk, Konflik Dan Perdamaian 53 E Profil Singkat Negeri Batumerah 69 F Markaz Dakwah Jamaah Tabligh 73 vi G Sejarah Masuk Dan Berkembang Jamaah Tabligh Di Ambon 76 BAB IV PERDAMAIAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF JAMAAH TABLIGH A Kekuasaan Allah 85 B Status Alam 90 C Kebesaran Allah 94 D Muhammad Rasul Allah 97 E Pandangan Terhadap Kehidupan Akhirat 102 F Ayat Al-Qur”an Dan Hadis Tentang la ilaha illa Allah Muhammad Rasulullah 107 BAB V UPAYA PERDAMAIAN JAMAAH TABLIGH DI AMBON A Infrastruktur Masyarakat Islam Universal 114 B Kepentingan Allah Sebagai Dasar Perdamaian 120 C Upaya Membangun Perdamaian 140 D Bentuk Suprastruktur Masyarakat Islam Universal 145 E Pengorganisasian 153 F Sikap Jamaah Tabligh Terhadap Konflik Ambon 161 BAB VI P E N U T U P A Kesimpulan 165 B Temuan Disertasi Dan Saran 166 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 168 Lampiran : Fatwa MUI tentang Liberalisme, Sekularisme dan Pluralisme vii 1 BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. LATAR BELAKANG MASALAH Sampai dengan saat ini aksi-aksi kekerasan massa masih terus saja berlangsung. Dalam skala yang lebih luas tentu saja aksi-aksi tersebut mengancam kehidupan masyarakat dunia. Sayang sekali,
Recommended publications
  • THE INDIGENISATION of a TRANSNATIONAL ISLAMIC MOVEMENT in CONTEMPORARY INDONESIA a Study of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia
    THE INDIGENISATION OF A TRANSNATIONAL ISLAMIC MOVEMENT IN CONTEMPORARY INDONESIA A Study of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia DIMAS OKY NUGROHO A Thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities and Languages Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences March 2016 ORIGINALITY STATEMENT ‘I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project's design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged.’ Signed …………………………………………….............. Date …………………………………………….............. COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ‘I hereby grant the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. I retain all proprietary rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Halal Ecosystem: Prospect for Growth in Bangladesh
    International Journal of Business and Society, Vol. 18 S1, 2017, 205-222 HALAL ECOSYSTEM: PROSPECT FOR GROWTH IN BANGLADESH Nabila Nisha. North South University Mehree Iqbal North South University ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to draw special attention to Bangladesh as one of the potential markets where the concept of Halal ecosystem can be developed. An overview of this dynamic concept, followed by the current stance, challenges and future outlook of Bangladesh regarding Halal ecosystem is thereby described. This study applies content analysis to identify general trends and research results of Halal ecosystem in a descriptive form. Using secondary sources, it also provides future directions for both Bangladesh and the global context. Government support and regulatory frameworks are crucial at this stage to strengthen confidence amongst consumers, industry players and investors regarding Halal ecosystem in Bangladesh. Moreover, regional and global arrangements for Halal certifications are necessary to fully embrace this concept in Bangladesh and beyond. However, lack of empirical data and research on Halal ecosystem limits the intensity of arguments in this study. Besides, absence of proper information regarding Halal certifications, database of companies involved in this dynamic process and initiatives of government and regulatory bodies in Bangladesh further hinder the presentation of a wholesome picture of Halal ecosystem. Keywords: Halal Ecosystem; Islamic Finance; Halal Industry; Islamic Economy; Muslim Consumers; Bangladesh. 1. INTRODUCTION In today’s increasingly globalized world, the Islamic economy has been continuously evolving and requiring companies to provide products and services that meet their faith- based needs. The core two sectors that are structurally affected by this requirement of Muslim consumers are the Halal industry, which mainly comprises of food, lifestyle and travel, and the Islamic finance industry (Thomas and Selimovic, 2015).
    [Show full text]
  • The Human Rights Movement and Contentious Politics in Egypt (2004-2014)
    Research Papers January 2017 The Human Rights Movement and Contentious Politics in Egypt (2004-2014) Amr Adly Abstract The economic and social rights movement has struck some success in dealing with contentious movements in challenging public policies and institutions. However, no organic relationship developed between the two. The contentious movement did not strategically adopt an economic and social rights framing in a way that would have enabled it to get beyond its local, largely apolitical and un-institutionalized characteristics in favour of a nationwide platform. Meanwhile, the human rights movement was eventually unable to cultivate strong and continuous organizational or discursive links with the broader contentious movement needed against potential authoritarian reversals like the ones that happened after July 2013. The main argument is that gains made by NGOization, civil societization and professionalization (access to resources and recognition) came at a high price of alienation from the aggrieved constituencies undertaking contention and hence hindering the development of organic links between them. The head remained severed from the large leaderless body. 1. Introduction This paper aims at developing a descriptive, analytical and critical account of the various aspects of interaction between the human rights movement and contentious politics in Egypt through the last decade (2004-2014). Contentious politics is narrowly defined here in reference to actors and actions of resistance and protest against the implementation of neoliberal-based measures by the state and its allies (e.g. international financial institutions, foreign investors, development banks, local businesses, etc.). Contentious politics has assumed many forms since the intensification of liberalization and privatization drives during Hosni Mubarak’s final years in power (2004- 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Urbanscape Guidelines for Bahar-Al-Toleye Mahallah in The
    Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: H Interdisciplinary Volume 16 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2016 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X Urbanscape Guidelines for Bahar-al-Toleye Mahallah in the Area of Razavi Holly Shrine By Rokhsaneh Derakhshesh Nia & Ehsan Ranjbar Imam Reza International University Abstract- It seems that the lack of tangible identity, confusion and visual disturbances, mental insecurity and confusion in public areas, release and exhaustion signs and cultural - historical, Facade poor quality, lack of organization in terms of form and wall needed, problem of readability, navigation, disorientation and ambiguity in orientation, lack of positive evaluation of urban spaces and reduce the sense of belonging to the urban environment, the need to improve the quality of vision and urban landscape elements within the aesthetic quality of the environment implies. Inadequate fishes and the evils landscape study area the most important cause undesirable sights lining the main thoroughfares are unsuitable and worn tens and body that the aesthetics confused, troubled and has become infected. There extensions ugly, dirty findings blocks, irregular and uncoordinated boards are a significant cause of visual disturbance. Spaces made and the overall structure and appearance of the area in terms of diversity, composition, coordination in rhythm, abnormalities of fishes and a lot of evils. the uneven textures and shapes placed next to each other inappropriateness of the ugly face of another kind are available. GJHSS-H Classification: FOR Code: 120599p UrbanscapeGuidelinesforBaharalToleyeMahallahintheAreaofRazaviHollyShrine Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of the Seasonal Variations in Turag River Water Quality Parameters
    African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol. 6(10), pp. 144-148, 30 May, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJPAC DOI: 10.5897/AJPAC12.023 ISSN 1996-0840 ©2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Study of the seasonal variations in Turag river water quality parameters A. K. M. Lutfor Rahman1*, M. Islam1, M. Z. Hossain1 and M. A. Ahsan2 1Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh. 2Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Accepted 23 April, 2012 The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of pollution of Turag river water by determining various physico-chemical parameters. Water samples were collected six times per year during wet and dry season at the following three locations: Tongi Railway Bridge, Bishwa Ijtema field and Ashulia. Most of the measured physicochemical parameters exceeded permissible limit of drinking water. The recorded pH ranged from 6.6 to 7.98 and Electrical Conductivity (EC) from 160 to 1107 µs/cm. The recorded dissolve oxygen (DO) varied from 0.11 to 6.8 mg/L and biological oxygen demand (BOD) ranged from 10 to 180 mg/L while chemical oxygen demand ranged from 21 to 220 mg/L and free CO2 value from 5 to 22 mg/L. The concentration ranges of heavy metals and arsenic in ppb were as follows: Zinc (Zn) (0.04 to 0.4), cadmium (Cd) (0.043 to 2), arsenic (As) (1.15 to 4.8), (lead) Pb (2.29 to 18.62) and mercury (Hg) (0.12 to 1.45).
    [Show full text]
  • Formation of the Egyptian Working Class Author(S): Joel Beinin Reviewed Work(S): Source: MERIP Reports, No
    Formation of the Egyptian Working Class Author(s): Joel Beinin Reviewed work(s): Source: MERIP Reports, No. 94, Origins of the Working Class. Class in the Middle East (Feb., 1981), pp. 14-23 Published by: Middle East Research and Information Project (MERIP) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3012255 . Accessed: 03/02/2012 11:56 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Middle East Research and Information Project (MERIP) is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to MERIP Reports. http://www.jstor.org STOR MERIP Reports Please Note: A number of pages in this article were originally published such that a portion of text and some images run across two facing pages. JSTOR has presented these pages as they appear in the source material, with no missing content. For ease of reading we recommend that users print the article. Please click on "Next Page" (at the top of the screen) to begin viewing this article. Construction of the First Aswan Dam around 1900. Formation of the Egyptian MfOflCinfl ClaSS By Joel Beinin roots of the Egyptian working class reach back labor from the villages disrupted traditional social rela? into nineteenth century when Muhammed Ali tions, making migration to the cities in search of work The (1805-1849), founder of the dynasty which ruled more necessary and feasible.
    [Show full text]
  • Bangla Masdjid': Islão E Bengalidade Entre Os Bangladeshianos Em Lisboa
    José Mapril* Análise Social, vol. XXXIX (173), 2005, 851-873 «Bangla masdjid»: Islão e bengalidade entre os bangladeshianos em Lisboa** Nos últimos anos, as pesquisas sobre as populações muçulmanas no Oci- dente têm incidido sobre o desenvolvimento de perspectivas universalistas e ortodoxas do Islão que fazem dele um elemento de agregação entre pessoas independentemente das suas particularidades. Pretende-se afirmar que a expe- riência migratória coloca em contacto diversas populações muçulmanas, favo- recendo a emergência de ideologias universalistas e puristas do Islão que aparecem expressas em noções como a ummah, a comunidade islâmica transnacional (v. Gardner, 1995, Mandaville, 2001, Roy, 2003, e Kepel, 2003). Segundo estas concepções, afirma-se que outras formas de pertença, como a etnicidade, tendem a desaparecer, ou pelo menos a submergir, sob o efeito universalizante desta ideologia transnacional. No entanto, esta perspectiva deve ser um pouco matizada, uma vez que existem casos onde as fronteiras entre o Islão e outras formas de pertença não são tão claramente traçadas. Exemplo disto é o caso dos imigrantes do Bangladesh em Portugal, entre os quais a conjugação de uma identidade muçulmana e bengali aparece expressa na criação de um espaço de culto localizado na zona onde residem e trabalham em Lisboa. O que procurarei demonstrar ao longo deste artigo é exactamente que o bengali, enquanto sentido de pertença etno-linguística, não tem vindo a ser substituído pelo * Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa. ** Este artigo resulta de uma investigação em curso no âmbito da minha pesquisa de doutoramento em realização no Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa com o apoio da Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Hanan Hassan Hammad 2009
    Copyright by Hanan Hassan Hammad 2009 The Dissertation Committee for Hanan Hassan Hammad Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Mechanizing People, Localizing Modernity Industrialization and Social Transformation in Modern Egypt: al-Mahalla al-Kubra 1910- 1958 Committee: Kamran Scott Aghaie Abraham Marcus Denise Spellberg Kamran Asdar Ali Mohammad Reza Ghanoonparvar Mechanizing People, Localizing Modernity Industrialization and Social Transformation in Modern Egypt: al-Mahalla al-Kubra 1910- 1958 by Hanan Hassan Hammad, B.S; M.A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August, 2009 Dedication To my parents, Layla Abu ‘Ammu and Rif‘at Hammad, and their people; men and women of al-Mahalla Acknowledgements Completing this dissertation, and my entire graduate studies program, would have been impossible without the guidance and support of my advisor Kamran Aghaie. I’d like to thank Kamran for his patience and faith in me even in my lowest moments. From the inception of this dissertation to finishing it, Professor Abraham Marcus has been always there for training, coaching, and encouraging me. His works and passion for the social history of the Arab people have been a great source of inspiration. I particularly appreciate his and Professor Denise Spellberg’s invaluable comments on this dissertation. For years, Spellberg has provided me and my family with incredible moral and academic support. I appreciate her insistence on not letting me research modern Egypt before she was sure about my competence in medieval history.
    [Show full text]
  • Bishwa Ijtema in Bangladesch
    EINE DOKUMENTATION VON WOLFGANG WIESEN BISH WA IJ TEMA Portfolio Wolfgang Wiesen TEXT & FOTOS: WOLFGANG WIESEN Mehrere Millionen Gläubige kom - Aussage – über 700 bis über 1.000 men im Januar zu einem der größ - Toten, das sich im September 2015 ten muslimischen Pilgertreffen in Mekka bei einer Massenpanik der Welt zusammen – und doch ereignet hat, wirft einen Schatten kennen nur wenige Nicht-Muslime auf derartige religiöse Großereig - das Bishwa Ijtema in Bangladesch. nisse. Wolfgang Wiesen weiß aber Der Fotograf Wolfgang Wiesen hat - zu berichten, dass beim Bishwa te aufgrund seiner internationalen Ijtema trotz der unvorstellbaren Kontakte die einmalige Gelegen - Ausmaße eine derartige Katastro - heit, dieses Zusammentreffen mit phe vergleichsweise unwahrschein - der Kamera festzuhalten und fühlte lich ist. Seine Fotos aus dem sich angesichts der Menschenmas - Januar 2015 dokumentieren in je - sen und der damit einhergehenden dem Fall in beeindruckender Weise Motivflut regelrecht überwältigt. ein in der westlichen Welt kaum Das tragische Unglück mit – je nach wahrgenommenes Ereignis. Wenn Sie kein Moslem sind, haben Sie der Welt zählt, können wir uns nur Überwältigende Motivfülle wahrscheinlich noch nie davon gehört. schwer vorstellen, wie sich der kurzfristige Um es gleich vorweg zu nehmen: Für Bishwa Ijtema (Aussprache bisch-wa Zustrom von mehreren Millionen Pilgern mich als Fotograf waren all diese unge - is-tema ) ist nach dem Hadsch in Mekka in die ohnehin aus allen Nähten platzende wohnten Szenerien wie ein Traum und und dem Arab'een im Irak das größte Megacity Dhaka auf das tägliche Leben ich wusste aufgrund der Fülle von Motiven jährliche Pilgertreffen von Moslems aus auswirkt. oft nicht mehr, wie ich es anstellen sollte, der ganzen Welt.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arab Bureau, Land Policy, and the Doineau Trial in French Algeria, 1830-1870
    “It is Not in a Day That a Man Abandons His Morals and Habits”: The Arab Bureau, Land Policy, and the Doineau Trial in French Algeria, 1830-1870 by K.A. Bowler Department of History Duke University Date:___________________ Approved: ______________________________ William Reddy, Supervisor ______________________________ Malachi Hacohen ______________________________ Akram Khater ______________________________ Donald Reid ______________________________ Alex Roland Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 ABSTRACT: “It is Not in a Day That a Man Abandons His Morals and Habits”: The Arab Bureau, Land Policy, and the Doineau Trial in French Algeria, 1830-1870 by K.A. Bowler Department of History Duke University Date:___________________ Approved: ______________________________ William Reddy, Supervisor ______________________________ Malachi Hacohen ______________________________ Akram Khater ______________________________ Donald Reid ______________________________ Alex Roland An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 Copyright 2011 by K.A. Bowler Abstract This dissertation revises influential scholarship on nineteenth-century French colonial policy in Algeria. After French troops conquered Algeria in 1830, French civilian and military administrations competed for control. There were two major points of conflict between the civilian and military administrative branches: the extent to which the French should adopt or tolerate pre-existing political and social norms; and, most important, the process by which Europeans acquired and settled the land belonging to the indigenous population. In general, the military, especially the Arab Bureau, advocated a tolerance for and acceptance of local legal and social customs and supported a slow process of European colonization.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Draft 8 with Corrections
    Fuṣḥá, ‘āmmīyah, or both?: Towards a theoretical framework for written Cairene Arabic Saussan Khalil Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds Arabic, Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies School of Languages, Cultures and Societies September 2018 - !ii - I confirm that the work submitted is my own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Saussan Khalil to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. © 2018 The University of Leeds and Saussan Khalil - iii! - Acknowledgements I would like to firstly thank my supervisor, Professor James Dickins for his support and encouragement throughout this study, and his endless patience and advice in guiding me on this journey. From the University of Leeds, I would like to thank Mrs Karen Priestley for her invaluable support and assistance with all administrative matters, however great or small. From the University of Cambridge, I would like to thank my colleagues Professor Amira Bennison, Dr Rachael Harris and Mrs Farida El-Keiy for their encouragement and allowing me to take the time to complete this study. I would also like to thank Dr Barry Heselwood, Professor Rex Smith, Dr Marco Santello and Dr Serge Sharoff for their input and guidance on specific topics and relevant research areas to this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Politics and Islamic Revivalism in Bangladesh : the Role of the State and Non‑State/Non‑Political Actors
    This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Politics and Islamic revivalism in Bangladesh : the role of the state and non‑state/non‑political actors Md Nazrul Islam; Md Saidul Islam 2018 Md Nazrul Islam & Md Saidul Islam (2018). Politics and Islamic revivalism in Bangladesh : the role of the state and non‑state/non‑political actors. Politics, Religion & Ideology, 19(3), 326‑353. doi:10.1080/21567689.2018.1493382 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/90313 https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2018.1493382 This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Politics, Religion & Ideology on 5 July 2018, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/21567689.2018.1493382 Downloaded on 02 Oct 2021 06:51:55 SGT Politics and Islamic Revivalism in Bangladesh: The Role of the State and Non-State/Non- Political Actors Md. Nazrul Islam Professor Department of Political Studies Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Sylhet—3114, Bangladesh E-mail: [email protected] Md. Saidul Islam [corresponding author] Associate Professor Division of Sociology Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637332 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Bangladesh is an overwhelmingly Muslim majority country in South Asia. Islam is quite predominant in its political, social and cultural landscapes. While most classical and the contemporary sociologists predicted that religion would gradually fade in importance and cease to be significant with the advent of the industrial society, Bangladesh has witnessed a powerful reemergence of the religious forces in its society. In the recent years, the country has drawn enormous attention from the scholars and experts both locally and globally particularly with regard to its Islamic revivalism.
    [Show full text]