DOCSLIB.ORG

Warwick.Ac.Uk/Lib-Publications

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Warwick.Ac.Uk/Lib-Publications A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/91713 Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications Irish Childcare, 1850-1913: Attitudes and Approaches by Cecilia Hallström Parker A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History, University of Warwick, Department of History, September 2016 Content List of figures i List of tables iii List of illustrations iv Acknowledgements v Declaration vii Abstract viii List of abbreviations ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1: The context of child welfare, 1850-1913 29 Chapter 2: The debate over the workhouse child: the ………………………. Cork inquiry 1859 and the South Dublin Riot 1860 69 Chapter 3: Boarding out 118 Chapter 4: Reformatories and industrial schools 151 Chapter 5: Legislation and its changing context: circa ……………………… 1870-1913 208 Conclusion 261 Appendix A: Seasonal variations in the number of …………………… workhouse children, 1859-1913 270 Bibliography 273 List of Figures Figure 1.1 Number of children in workhouses, 1850-1913 Figure 1.2 Children in Ireland aged 1-14, 1851-1911 Figure 1.3 Deceased workhouse children, 1904/05 – 1913/14 Figure 1.4 Time lapsed between admission and death, age 0-15, for the year ended 16 April 1859 Figure 1.5 Time lapsed between admission and death, age 0-2, for the year ended 16 April 1859 Figure 1.6 Cause of death for children in Dr Brodie’s district for the year ended 16 April 1859 Figure 1.7 Categories of workhouse children, 1849-1907 Figure 3.1 Number of boarded-out children, and their gender, on the last Saturday of each year, 1863-1913 Figure 3.2 Children in workhouse care and percentage thereof boarded out, 1863- 1913 Figure 3.3 Destination of boarded-out children, 1862-1873 Figure 4.1 Number of children in reformatories on 31 December split by gender, 1860-1913 Figure 4.2 Number of children in industrial schools on 31 December split by religion, 1869-1913 Figure 4.3 Gender distribution of industrial school children, 1869-1913 Figure 4.4 Number of children in workhouses, reformatories, and industrial schools at the end of each year, 1869-1913 Figure 4.5 Destination of girls discharged from industrial schools, 1870-1913 i Figure 4.6 Destination of boys discharged from industrial schools, 1870-1913 Figure 4.7 Destination of girls discharged from reformatories, 1870-1913 Figure 4.8 Destination of boys discharged from reformatories, 1870-1913 ii List of Tables Table 1.1 Table showing total number of children relieved, deceased and percentage thereof split by age group for the year ended 16 April 1859 Table 1.2 Children in orphan asylums, 1871-1911 Table 2.1 Condition on admission of deceased children split by age group for the year ended 16 April 1859 iii List of Illustrations Illustration 1 Photograph of child with scrofula. From Byrom Bramwell, Atlas of Clinical Medicine, (1893). From National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, USA. Photograph available online at http://radiopaedia.ord/cases/scrofula-photo iv Acknowledgments The completion of this PhD thesis would not have been possible without the support and encouragement of the people around me. First and foremost among these people is my supervisor, Professor Maria Luddy, who has patiently guided me through this process and has allowed me to benefit from her immense knowledge of Irish social history. She has not only motivated and challenged me, but has also had the ability to put things into perspective when I, occasionally, have lost mine. I could not have asked for a better supervisor. I also wish to express my gratitude to the various archives, and their staff, that I have visited as part of my PhD research. My work relies heavily on archival research and I am very grateful for the assistance I have received at the National Archives of Ireland and the Cork City and County Archives. The staff at the Cottage Home, Dun Laoghaire, was extremely generous with their archival material and provided me with more material than I had even asked for. Noelle Dowling, archivist at the Dublin Diocesan Archives, deserves a special mention for the invaluable, and always friendly, assistance she provided me with when I visited the Diocesan Archives. My friends and family have been a seemingly endless source of support and by now probably know more about Irish childcare than they ever wanted to! I am thankful to my friend Isobel Lindsay-McElhinney for her proofreading services as well as her willingness to listen to various PhD-related issues. Without the emotional and financial support of my parents I would never have been able to pursue this PhD. I cannot adequately express how grateful I am that they have made it possible for me to fulfil this childhood dream. Last, but not least, my husband Ben has lived with this v PhD for the past five years and knows better than anyone the effort that has gone into completing it. His assistance with the compilation, presentation, and interpretation of statistical data has been vital. But, even more importantly, his unwavering love and support made me believe I could actually do it. vi Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis, ‘Irish Childcare, 1850 – 1913: Attitudes and Approaches’, has been written by me and that it has not been submitted for a degree at another university. Cecilia Hallström Parker vii Abstract During the period 1850-1913 the landscape of Irish childcare witnessed significant changes. The Famine left thousands of children orphaned or deserted in Irish workhouses and Ireland was forced to confront the question of how best to raise these children of the poor to be respectable and self-sufficient adults. The period was defined by attempts to answer this question and by 1913 a new system for such care was in place. This was a system dominated by a belief in institutionalisation, mainly in industrial schools, of children as beneficial both to the children and to Irish society, and driven by a fear and mistrust of the poor as parents. The developments during 1850-1913 have not previously been examined in a coherent and cohesive manner. This thesis aims to do so, thus adding to the understanding of the attitudes and approaches to childcare for the poor in Ireland. The thesis will also make use of quantitative analysis in a manner not previously done in order to understand the evolution and development of childcare institutions. The first chapter focuses on the Irish Poor Law, its relation to children, and the development of voluntary, charitable childcare institutions. The second chapter examines the increasing criticism against workhouse care through two case studies. The third chapter explores the rejection of foster-care in Ireland in the form of boarding out from workhouses. The fourth chapter analyses the rise of the reformatories and industrial schools managed largely by the Catholic Church. The final chapter explores how the increasing interest and concern for the children of the poor resulted in the development of an increasingly extensive framework of legislation that, by 1913, touched on almost all aspects of the lives of the children of the poor and their families. viii List of abbreviations CCCA – Cork City and County Archives CH – The Cottage Home CIF – Crime Index Files CRF – Convict Reference Files CSORP – Chief Secretary’s Office Registered Papers DDA – Dublin Diocesan Archive DIS – Day industrial schools ICM – Irish Church Mission ILP Act – Infant Life Protection Act IPP - Irish Parliamentary Party IRIS – Inspector appointed to visit the Reformatory and Industrial Schools of Ireland LGB – Local Government Board NAI – National Archive of Ireland NSPCC – National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children PAD – Philanthropic Association of Dublin PLC - Poor Law Commission PRA – Philanthropic Reform Association SDU – South Dublin Union ix Introduction During the second half of the nineteenth-century, the provisions for childcare in Ireland underwent remarkable changes. Following the devastating Great Famine, at the end of December 18501, an extremely high number of children, 88,528, found themselves as inmates of Irish workhouses.2 At this point, the workhouse was the main institution providing care to pauper children and dominated the childcare landscape. Furthermore, other than caring for the children of the poor in the workhouse, the State largely avoided interfering or intervening in their upbringing. However, only fifty years later, by the early twentieth century, the scope of childcare and welfare had expanded considerably. Not only did the State play a more active role, but the Catholic Church had become the main provider of childcare in Ireland. The workhouse had virtually ceased to be an institution caring for children and instead a network of industrial schools financially provided for by the State, underpinned by extensive child legislation, and largely managed and controlled by the Catholic Church dominated the childcare system. The Irish reliance on industrial schools in the twentieth century has been well established by historians but transition of the children of the poor from the workhouse to the industrial school during the second half of the nineteenth century has been less well examined. The post-Famine period witnessed a national discussion in Ireland on how best to raise the children of the poor who found themselves orphaned or abandoned in Irish workhouses.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Irish Responses to Fascist Italy, 1919–1932 by Mark Phelan
    Provided by the author(s) and NUI Galway in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the published version when available. Title Irish responses to Fascist Italy, 1919-1932 Author(s) Phelan, Mark Publication Date 2013-01-07 Item record http://hdl.handle.net/10379/3401 Downloaded 2021-09-27T09:47:44Z Some rights reserved. For more information, please see the item record link above. Irish responses to Fascist Italy, 1919–1932 by Mark Phelan A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisor: Prof. Gearóid Ó Tuathaigh Department of History School of Humanities National University of Ireland, Galway December 2012 ABSTRACT This project assesses the impact of the first fascist power, its ethos and propaganda, on key constituencies of opinion in the Irish Free State. Accordingly, it explores the attitudes, views and concerns expressed by members of religious organisations; prominent journalists and academics; government officials/supporters and other members of the political class in Ireland, including republican and labour activists. By contextualising the Irish response to Fascist Italy within the wider patterns of cultural, political and ecclesiastical life in the Free State, the project provides original insights into the configuration of ideology and social forces in post-independence Ireland. Structurally, the thesis begins with a two-chapter account of conflicting confessional responses to Italian Fascism, followed by an analysis of diplomatic intercourse between Ireland and Italy. Next, the thesis examines some controversial policies pursued by Cumann na nGaedheal, and assesses their links to similar Fascist initiatives. The penultimate chapter focuses upon the remarkably ambiguous attitude to Mussolini’s Italy demonstrated by early Fianna Fáil, whilst the final section recounts the intensely hostile response of the Irish labour movement, both to the Italian regime, and indeed to Mussolini’s Irish apologists.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton
    University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF LAW, ARTS & SOCIAL SCIENCES School of Social Sciences Poor Law Reform and Policy Innovation in Rural Southern England, c.1780-1850 by Samantha Anne Shave Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2010 i UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF LAW, ARTS & SOCIAL SCIENCES SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Doctor of Philosophy POOR LAW REFORM AND POLICY INNOVATION IN RURAL SOUTHERN ENGLAND, c.1780-1850 by Samantha Anne Shave Recent analysis in poor law history has uncovered the experiences of individual relief claimants and recipients, emphasising their role in the welfare process. The literature has, however, tended to draw a false dichotomy between understanding the experiences of the individual poor and understanding the administration of the poor laws. This thesis deploys a ‘policy process’ understanding of social policies, a concept developed in the social sciences, to understand the processes driving social policies under the poor laws.
    [Show full text]
  • Mohamed Salah Harzallah the Great Irish Famine Is a Watershed Event In
    Brolly. Journal of Social Sciences 3 (3) 2020 SITES OF CINEMATOGRAPHIC MEMORY: “BLACK’47” AS A CONSTRUCTION OF THE IRISH PAST Mohamed Salah Harzallah Associate Professor of Irish and British Studies, University of Sousse, Tunisia [email protected] Abstract. This article deals with how the history of the Great Irish Famine of the 1840s is reconstructed and presented to the global viewers of the film Black’47 (2018). It shows that the film’s narrative reflected a Nationalist perception of the Irish past which condemns the role of the British politicians of the time. It also concludes that the film provides an opportunity for the Irish in Ireland and abroad with a site of cinematographic memory that transcends the national borders of Ireland and engages the public in the process of remembering and reconstructing the history of this calamity. Keywords: Irish film, Great Irish Famine, memory, public history, Black 47, Irish history The Great Irish Famine is a watershed event in Ireland, the memory of which has survived in the Irish collective memory until the present day. In the last two decades, a plethora of publications dealt with the Famine events from different perspectives while dividing scholars into three major groups. Nationalist, Revisionist and Post- Revisionist historians provided divergent views about what happened in Ireland in the 1840s. Apart from professional historians, the filmmaker Lance Daly contributed to the construction of the Famine events in his film Black’47 (2018). He attempted to show how the Irish lived under British rule in the year 1847 - the peak of Famine. Traditional historians, who show commitment to method and training, have shown a rejection of films as a source of information 73 Mohamed Salah Harzallah – Sites of Cinematographic Memory as filmmakers often sacrifice truth to an emotional and subjective construction of the events.
    [Show full text]
  • The Great Irish Famine in History-Writing and Prose Fiction ”The Mutual Interplay of Two Narrative Genres”
    This interdisciplinary study analyses three 20th century fictional representa- tions of the Great Irish Famine in relation to nationalist, revisionist, and post-revisionist historical interpretations of the event. It examines how writers of history and fiction respectively portray the causes and consequences of the famine, and particularly how they view the question of responsibility, which is still a matter of contention. Gunilla Bexar asks to what extent the fictional representations reflect or resist | 2016 in History-Writing Fiction Irish and Prose Great The Famine Gunilla Bexar | the interpretations of the historians, and how the two genres attempt to make the experiences of the victims visible to readers. The study provides further Gunilla Bexar historical context by incorporating contemporary eye-witness accounts, offi- cial correspondence, and newspaper reports in the analyses. Drawing on Paul Ricoeur’s theory of the interweaving of history and fiction, Bex- The Great Irish Famine in ar argues that literature plays an important part in the shaping of historical con- sciousness. History and fiction should not be seen as mutually antithetical dis- History-Writing and Prose Fiction courses in the representation of the past since fiction, through its focus on the vic- tims, who are often reduced to statistics in history-writing, can mediate a deeper “The Mutual Interplay of Two Narrative Genres” understanding of the human tragedy that epitomizes the Great Irish Famine. 9 789517 658249 ISBN 978-951-765-824-9 Gunilla Bexar has an MA degree in English literature from San Francisco State University. Recently retired, she has worked as a language teacher in adult education.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading the Irish Woman: Studies in Cultural Encounter and Exchange, 1714–1960
    Reading the Irish Woman: Studies in Cultural Encounter and Exchange, 1714–1960 Meaney, Reading the Irish Woman.indd 1 15/07/2013 12:33:33 Reappraisals in Irish History Editors Enda Delaney (University of Edinburgh) Maria Luddy (University of Warwick) Reappraisals in Irish History offers new insights into Irish history, society and culture from 1750. Recognising the many methodologies that make up historical research, the series presents innovative and interdisciplinary work that is conceptual and interpretative, and expands and challenges the common understandings of the Irish past. It showcases new and exciting scholarship on subjects such as the history of gender, power, class, the body, landscape, memory and social and cultural change. It also reflects the diversity of Irish historical writing, since it includes titles that are empirically sophisticated together with conceptually driven synoptic studies. 1. Jonathan Jeffrey Wright, The ‘Natural Leaders’ and their World: Politics, Culture and Society in Belfast, c.1801–1832 Meaney, Reading the Irish Woman.indd 2 15/07/2013 12:33:33 Reading the Irish Woman Studies in Cultural Encounter and Exchange, 1714–1960 GerArdiNE MEANEY, MARY O’Dowd AND BerNAdeTTE WHelAN liVerPool UNIVersiTY Press Meaney, Reading the Irish Woman.indd 3 15/07/2013 12:33:33 reading the irish woman First published 2013 by Liverpool University Press 4 Cambridge Street Liverpool L69 7ZU Copyright © 2013 Gerardine Meaney, Mary O’Dowd and Bernadette Whelan The rights of Gerardine Meaney, Mary O’Dowd and Bernadette Whelan to be identified as the authors of this book have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
    [Show full text]
  • Lib400 Irish Nationalism
    American College Dublin 2 Merrion Square, Dublin 2 T: +353 1 676 89 39 F: +353 1 676 89 41 [email protected] www.iamu.edu | www.acd.ie LIB400 IRISH NATIONALISM Credits: 3 US credits / 6 ECTS credits Credit level: Stage award Prerequisites: None Mandatory: Yes Contact hours: 40 Academic Year: 2016/17 Semester: 2 Lecturer: Rory McEntegart / David Webb INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this module learners should be able to: 1. become familiar with historical documents relating to the colonisation of Ireland and the imposition of the penal laws during the Tudor, Stuart, and Cromwellian periods; 2. develop a historical understanding of the relations between Catholicism and Protestantism in Ireland under British rule; 3. analyse the impact of the Great Famine of the mid-nineteenth century on the Irish national consciousness and identity; 4. recognize the importance of the late nineteenth-century Celtic Revival in literature, art, and historical scholarship in enhancing a sense of Irish national identity; 5. discuss the political transformations in Ireland between the Easter Rising and the founding of the Free State; 6. become aware of the clash of different Irish nationalisms behind the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Learning outcomes 2-4 will be assessed by a research paper, and 1, 5-6 by the final examination. MODULE OBJECTIVES The aim of the module is to examine the notion of Irish national identity in the context of Irish history, British colonialism, Irish insurgence and struggle for political independence as reflected in historical documents, literature, art, religious life and social experience. A historical introduction to the problem of Irish nationalism will include the search for cultural and linguistic identity of the Irish in their opposition to the Norman and English rule.
    [Show full text]
  • 'The Five Year Experiment': the Incumbered Estates Court
    ‘THE FIVE YEAR EXPERIMENT’: THE INCUMBERED ESTATES COURT, 1849-54. by JACQUELINE ANN CROWLEY THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF PHD DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY MAYNOOTH UNIVERSITY, NATIONAL UNIVERISTY OF IRELAND, MAYNOOTH HEAD OF DEPARTMENT: DR JACINTA PRUNTY SUPERVISORS OF RESEARCH: PROFESSOR TERENCE DOOLEY PROFESSOR RAYMOND GILLESPIE FEBRUARY 2017. CONTENTS PAGE Acknowledgements i Abbreviations iii List of figures iv Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Legislation and revolution 23 Chapter 2 Law and advances 78 Chapter 3 Business of revolution 105 Chapter 4 Problems of revolution 149 Chapter 5 Unintended revolution 190 Chapter 6 Exporting the revolution 230 Conclusion 269 Appendix 278 Bibliography 296 Acknowledgements This work is the result of the extraordinary support and kindness of a great number of people. Firstly, I would like to thank Dr Jacinta Prunty, head of the Department of History at Maynooth University for her encouragement in the later stages of this study. I would also like to thank Professor Marian Lyons, former head of Department, for her encouragement at the beginning and her continued support throughout. I owe the greatest debt of gratitude to my supervisors, Professor Raymond Gillespie and Professor Terence Dooley. It has been a privilege to have the guidance and critique of two such extraordinary historians. I would like to thank the following people for their assistance and support in writing this thesis: Catherine Bergin, Pamela Coleman, Phil Condron, Fearghal Duffy, Ann Donoghue, Fergal Donoghue, Eugene Dunne, Richard Fitzpatrick, Darren Fox, Colin Harte, Catherine Heslin, Aoife Holohan, Anthony Hughes, Graham Kay, Frank Kenny, Adrian Kirwan, Paula & Ger Lalor, Niall Mulvihille, Catherine Murphy, Julia O’Brien, Larry O’Brien and my colleagues at JPII library.
    [Show full text]
  • Changing English Perceptions of the Irish from the 1820S Through the 1860S
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2011 From Peasant to Pariah: Changing English Perceptions of the Irish from the 1820s Through the 1860s Traci J. Scully West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Scully, Traci J., "From Peasant to Pariah: Changing English Perceptions of the Irish from the 1820s Through the 1860s" (2011). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 3462. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3462 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. From Peasant to Pariah: Changing English Perceptions of the Irish from the 1820s Through the 1860s Traci J. Scully Dissertation submitted to the College of Arts and Sciences At West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Joseph Hodge, Ph.D., Chair Katherine Aaslestad, Ph.D. Kate Staples, Ph.D. Lisa Weihman, Ph.D. Sandra den Otter, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Manifestations of Institutional Reform and Resistance to Reform in Ulster Workhouses, Ireland, 1838-1855
    Manifestations of Institutional Reform and Resistance to Reform in Ulster Workhouses, Ireland, 1838-1855 Thomas, L. (2017). Manifestations of Institutional Reform and Resistance to Reform in Ulster Workhouses, Ireland, 1838-1855. International Journal of Historical Archaeology, 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-017- 0401-x Published in: International Journal of Historical Archaeology Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights © The Author 2017 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Famine and Diaspora in the Emerald Isle an Gorta Mohr the Irish Potato
    1 Southern New Hampshire University Famine and Diaspora in the Emerald Isle An Gorta Móhr --The Irish Potato Famine and its impact on Irish migration A Capstone Project Submitted to the College of Online and Continuing Education in Partial Fulfillment of the Master of Arts in History By Tara Leigh Workman Macon, Georgia Submitted March, 2019 2 Copyright © 2019 by Tara Leigh Workman All Rights Reserved 3 4 Student: Tara Leigh Workman I certify that this student has met the requirements for formatting the capstone project and that this project is suitable for preservation in the University Archive. 4/2/2019 _________________________________________ _______________ Capstone Instructor Date April 8, 2019 _________________________________________ _______________ Southern New Hampshire University Date College of Online and Continuing Education 5 Abstract Throughout the history of Ireland, England, and the United States there have been many differing opinions about the causes, and yet more importantly, the effects of the An Gorta Móhr, also known as the Great Hunger or the Great Famine. The Irish potato famine played a significant role in the migration patterns from Ireland to the United States, however, much of the research has solely focused on the men in these migration patterns. The women involved in these migration patterns, long neglected and overlooked by historians, were equally important to the history of the famine and subsequent migration patterns from Ireland to the United States. The men, women, and children impacted by the Irish potato famine experienced excruciating heartache and loss, as well as extreme conditions and deprivation. Yet, through it all, those who were able to migrate to the United States contributed to the growth of the Irish population and protected Irish culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Journals, Conversations and Essays Relating to Ireland
    JOURNALS, CONVERSATIONS AND ESSAYS BELATING TO IRELAND. BY NASSAU WILLIAM SENIOR IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. I. SECOND EDITION. LONDON : LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 1868. ADVERTISEMENT. rPHE state of Ireland was a subject of continual -L interest to Mr. Senior. The first of his Journals (written in 1819) contains an account of a visit to Ireland, and the last but one that he ever wrote is a record of his travels in Ireland in 1862. Throughout these forty-three years he advocated mainly the same principles—in pam- phlets, reviews, and finally in the Journals which are now for the first time laid before the public. In 1861 he arranged the Papers mentioned in the Preface, with a view to their publication after his visit in 1862 but his health before ; gave way he had leisure to complete his design. As far as it was possible, the original plan has been adhered to in these volumes. The lapse of time has, however, rendered some ' changes expedient. A Letter to Lord Howick,' vi ADVERTISEMENT. to first published in 1831, and relating chiefly Irish Poor Laws, with an Appendix published in 1832, have been omitted, to make way for matter of more immediate interest ; a short extract, on 'National Property,' from a pamphlet published by Mr. Senior in 1835, has been added; and have been retained many parts of the Journals which could not have been published at an earlier period. Archbishop Whately, Lord Eosse, Lord Mont- revised the eagle, and Mr. Stephen Spring Eice in took and their conversations which they part ; representatives have greatly increased the value of the work by permitting the insertion of the names of those distinguished men.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Notes Introduction 1 Pat Cooke, ‘Letter to the Irish Times’, 5 April 2006. 2 Editorial response to Pat Cooke’s letter, 5 April 2006. 3 See http://www.irishtimes.com/focus/easterrising/monday/. Accessed June 2010. 4 Sunniva O’Flynn, ‘Letter to the Irish Times’, 8 April 2006. 5 Tanya Kiang, ‘Letter to the Irish Times’, 12 April 2006. 6 O’Flynn, 8 April 2006. 7 Raphael Samuel, Theatres of Memory: Past and Present in Contemporary Culture (London: Verso, 1994), p.25. 8 Pierre Nora, quoted by John Gillis, ‘Memory and Identity: The History of a Relationship’, Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity, ed. John R. Gillis (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), p.8. 9 As Conor McCarthy argues, in the 1960s ‘modernistion became a narrative in terms of which the “imagined community” of the Republic understood itself and envisioned its future.’ Modernisation, Crisis and Culture in Ireland, 1969–1992 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2000), p.30 10 See Jeanne Sheehy, The Rediscovery of Ireland’s Past: The Celtic Revival 1830–1930 (London: Thames and Hudson, 1980). 11 Lady Augusta Gregory, Selected Writings, eds. Lucy McDiarmid and Maureen Waters (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1995), p.311. 12 W.B. Yeats, ‘The Man and the Echo’, Yeats’s Poems, ed. A. Norman Jeffares (Basingstoke: Macmillan – now Palgrave Macmillan, 1989), p.469. 13 See Joep Leerssen for a discussion of the Ordnance Survey and its representa- tion in Translations, in Remembrance and Imagination (Cork: Cork University Press, 1996), pp.102–3. 14 For a critical discussion of Riverdance see Aoife Monks, Comely Maidens and Celtic Tigers: Riverdance and Global Performance, Goldsmiths Performance Research Pamphlet (London: Goldsmiths, 2007).
    [Show full text]